![]() Bindingfarde
专利摘要:
Binding farde for binding a bundle of sheets (4), which binding farde (1) mainly comprises a backing (2) for surrounding an edge (3) of the bundle of sheets (4) and two endpapers (5) attached to the backing at least one of which is made of plastic, characterized in that at least one cover sheet (5) is provided with a cover sheet (10) against the side (11) of the cover sheet (5) facing the inside of the binding patch (1), which cover sheet (10) is removably attached to the endpaper (5) and / or the spine (2). 公开号:BE1023182B1 申请号:E2015/5581 申请日:2015-09-18 公开日:2016-12-12 发明作者:Guido Frans Maria Josef PELEMAN 申请人:Unibind Limited; IPC主号:
专利说明:
Bindingfarde. The present invention relates to a binding patch. More specifically, the invention relates to a binding patch which is provided with a back which is intended to provide an edge of a bundle of blades, which back is provided with two end leaves which are intended to protect the bundle of blades. Such binding edges are already known and allow to manufacture a bound bundle of sheets or a booklet in an easy and flexible manner. The known binding gaps contain a metal or cardboard back, provided with hot melt glue, to which two, often plastic end sheets are attached. Plastic braces have the advantage that they are light and sturdy and in most cases resistant to moisture or water such as rain. The bundle of blades can be fixed in the back by means of the hot-melt adhesive, whereby it is possible that the legs of the back are then bent towards each other to fit relatively accurately against the bundle or even to clamp the bundle. Such known binding edges have the disadvantage that the plastic end sheets are often statically charged, as a result of which the outer sheets experience a sort of attraction as a result of this static electricity when the bundle of sheets is inserted, as a result of which the sheet is, as it were, against the plastic front cover sticks. As a result, the outer blades are not fitted properly or not in the back. In particular, bracts with a smooth or glossy surface are subject to these adverse effects of static electricity or static charge. This has the disadvantage that the outer blades are not properly aligned with the rest of the bundle blades. The finished, bound bundle then has an inferior quality and appearance or 'look'. An additional disadvantage is that the outer blades are not properly applied in the hot melt adhesive so that it is not stuck in the back. This has the consequence that these sheets can come loose from the finished and bound bundle. Solutions to such problems already exist. A first known solution consists of a device that can remove this charge from the surface of the end leaves. This is very expensive and very difficult to apply to a finished product. In addition, the least friction on the surface of the plastic front cover will recharge this surface. For example, sliding two binding flaps over each other or taking a binding flake out of a package will be sufficient to create static electricity again. Another known solution is to roughen the surface of the bract with micro-irregularities. This will ensure that air can always remain between the outer leaf of the bundle and the end cover. This layer of air has reduced the attraction or the 'adhesive force' between the outer leaf and the end leaf, but is not completely absent. An additional disadvantage of this is that the appearance of the front cover has changed and that previously glossy front cover has become dull due to these irregularities and that a previously transparent front cover is no longer transparent due to these irregularities, which is desired by most end users. The present invention has for its object to provide a solution to at least one of the aforementioned and other disadvantages. To this end, the invention relates to a binding patch for binding a bundle of sheets, which binding patch essentially comprises a ridge for surrounding an edge of the bundle sheets and two braces attached to the back, at least one of which is made of plastic, at least one bract of which is provided with a cover sheet against the side of the end cover directed towards the inside of the binding edge, which cover plate is removably attached to the end cover and / or the back. The side of the end cover facing the inside of the binding edge is understood to mean that side of the end leaf that will be directed towards the bundle of sheets when the bundle of sheets is bound by means of the binding sheet. An advantage is that the cover sheet which is arranged against the plastic cover will ensure that the outer sheets of the bundle are not retained by the static charge of the cover. To achieve this effect, the cover sheet is made of a material that is not, hardly or very difficult, statically charged, such as single or multi-layer paper, cardboard, plastic, or any material that is barely statically charged by friction. The cover sheet will serve as a sort of intermediate screen between the strong or not electrostatically charged end cover and the outer sheets of the bundle, so that they cannot 'stick' together. The outer screen of the bundle can be brought into the back together with the other sheets of the bundle through the intermediate screen or cover sheet. As a result, all sheets of the bundled bundle will be nicely aligned so that a beautiful and perfectly bound bundle of sheets can be obtained. In addition, all sheets will also be applied properly in the back and in any hot melt adhesive, so that a good binding of all sheets can be achieved. Because the cover sheet is removably attached to the end cover and / or the back, it will be able to be removed after the bundle has been tied in so that it is no longer visibly present in the finished and bound bundle, possibly with the exception of a small remaining piece. This is also a cheap and effective solution for the adverse effects of the static charge. Moreover, it will be possible to use transparent bracts with a smooth surface, i.e. without micro-irregularities. It is possible that both cover sheets are made of plastic, but it is also possible that one of the cover sheets is made of a different material, such as, for example, paper or cardboard. The cover sheet is preferably attached to the binding edge by means of an adhesive provided on the cover sheet. This has the advantage that it is easy to realize, for example by sticking such cover sheet to the cover with adhesive after manufacturing. According to a preferred feature of the invention: the cover sheet is approximately the same size as the end cover. This has the advantage that the outer blades of the bundle will be optimally protected from the effects of a possible static charge on the front cover. In the case that both end sheets are made of plastic or of another material that is sensitive to electrostatic charging, each end sheet is preferably provided with a cover sheet against the side of the relevant end sheet facing towards the inside of the binding edge, which cover sheet is removable. is attached to the relevant front cover and / or the back. In this way the outer blades on both sides of the bundle are protected against the static charge on the plastic protective sheets. With the insight to better demonstrate the characteristics of the invention, a few preferred embodiments of a binding patch according to the invention are described below as an example without any limiting character, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: figure 1 shows diagrammatically and in perspective a represents binding in accordance with the invention; figures 2 and 3 schematically represent a method for binding a bundle of sheets into the binding fardage of figure 1; figure 4 schematically represents a section along the line IV-IV in figure 1; Figure 5 schematically represents another embodiment of a binding patch according to the invention; figure 6 schematically represents yet another variant of a binding patch according to the invention; figures 7 and 8 schematically represent yet another embodiment of a binding patch according to the invention; figures 9 and 10 show two other variants of a binding patch according to the invention; figures 11 and 12 schematically represent yet another embodiment of a binding patch according to the invention; figures 13 and 14 schematically represent yet another embodiment of a binding patch according to the invention; Figure 15 shows a cover sheet in the form of a multi-layer film, The binding patch 1 according to the invention shown in figures 1 to 4 essentially comprises a back 2 for surrounding an edge 3 of a bundle of sheets 4 and two end sheets 5 which are attached to the back 2. The back 2 in this case, but not necessarily a U or V-shaped profile 6 with a base 7 and two legs 8. As shown in figure 1, the back 2 in this example is provided on the inside with a layer of glue 9 for attaching the aforementioned edge 3 of the bundle of blades 4. This glue 9 is, for example, a hot melt adhesive, which will melt by heating the base 7 of the backing 2. According to the invention, at least one end cover 5 or both end covers is made of plastic. In this case, both cover sheets 5 are made of plastic and one cover sheet 5 is provided with a smooth and glossy surface. Such type of front cover 5 is preferred by most end users because it has very good aesthetic properties. Moreover, a smooth front cover 5 can also be made transparent, in contrast to a rough front cover 5. The other front cover 5 can be provided with a matte and transparent surface and is transparent but not transparent. According to the invention, at least one end cover 5, in this case the smooth and glossy end cover 5, is provided with a cover plate 10, which in this case is made from paper or an antistatic plastic, in other words a plastic on which or in which no or substantially any cannot build up a static electrical charge. An example of an antistatic plastic is an antistatic polyethylene film (LDPE film) which moreover offers the advantage of being scratch-free and therefore protecting the front cover 5 on which the cover plate 10 is attached against scratches. Such an antistatic film can moreover be made transparent so that, in the case of a transparent cover sheet 5, the transparency is retained after the cover sheet 10 has been applied, so that it is immediately clear to the user when choosing a new binding patch 1 that he can choose a binding sheet 1 with transparent front cover 5 without first having to consult the packaging on it. This cover sheet 10 is arranged against the side 11 of the protective leaf 5 which faces towards the inside of the binding edge 1, that is to say, against the side 11 of the protective leaf 5 which will be directed towards the bound bundle of 4 sheets. This side 11 can be considered as the 'inside' of the front cover 5. The cover sheet 10 is in this case slightly smaller than the dimensions of the cover sheet 5. The cover sheet 10 is removably attached to the end cover 5. In the example shown by means of an adhesive which is provided in the form of a strip of adhesive 12 on the cover sheet 10, as can be seen in figure 4. The strip of adhesive 12 in this case is a continuous strip 12, but can also be an interrupted strip 12 which is made up of several successive sub-strips of adhesive with zones free of adhesive between them. The adhesive used for the strip 12 is preferably a glue or cold glue which may or may not be self-adhesive and which will allow to remove the cover sheet 10 with the adhesive from the binding patch 1. The strip of adhesive 12 is situated on an edge 13a of the cover sheet 10, which edge 13a extends parallel to the ridge 2. This is shown schematically in Figure 4. As can be seen, this edge 13a of the cover sheet 10, where the strip of adhesive 12 is situated, is directed away from the back 2. The other edge 13b of the cover sheet 10, which extends parallel to the back 2 and is closer to the back 2, is not provided with a strip of adhesive 12 and can in principle be lifted. However, due to the possibly present static electricity, the cover sheet 10 will 'stick' to the cover sheet 5 due to the attraction of the static charge or due to adhesion or vacuum between the cover sheet 5 and the cover sheet 10. It is clear that although the strip of adhesive 12 is parallel to the backing 2, it can also be arranged obliquely opposite the backing 2. That is, the strip of adhesive 12 does not extend parallel to the backing 2. The strip of adhesive 12 can be applied at the location of the edge 13a or 13b, or at any position between these two edges 13a or 13b or across the surface between 13a and 13b. Proceed as follows to bind a bundle of sheets 4 into a binding patch 1, as shown in Figs. 1 to 4. A bundle of sheets 4 is arranged in the spine 2 of the binding patch 1, for example by holding the spine 2 with one hand and arranging the bundle of sheets 4 in the spine 2 with the other hand until the aforementioned edge 3 against the a layer 7 of glue covered base 7. This is shown in Figure 2. Due to the cover sheet 10 there will be no attraction between the outer sheets 14 of the bundle 4 and the protective sheets 5 so that all sheets of the bundle 14 will come into the hot-melt adhesive 9. Because the strip of adhesive 12 is located on the edge 13a of the cover sheet 10 which is directed away from the ridge 2 or over the surface of the cover sheet 10, the outer sheets 14 of the bundle 4 will not accidentally be between the cover sheet 10 and the shaker blade 5 may end up because the strip of adhesive 12 will hold the cover blade 10 against the cover blade 5. The layer of hot melt adhesive 9 is then heated in the backing 2 so that it becomes liquid. This can be done by placing the binding patch 1 with the backing 2 on a heating plate, so that the layer of hot melt adhesive 9 will melt under the influence of the heat. After solidification of the hot-melt adhesive 9 in the backing 2, the bundle of blades 4 will be bound in the binding patch 1. If desired, the legs 8 of the back 2 can also be folded over or pressed in so as to clamp the bundle 4 between the legs 8 of the back 2. Subsequently, the cover sheet 10 can be removed by lifting the aforementioned edge 13b of the cover sheet 10 which is not provided with a strip of adhesive 12 and thus pulling the strip of adhesive 12 away from the cover sheet 5. Because use is made of a self-adhesive glue, this cover sheet 10 can easily be removed without leaving glue residues on the cover sheet 5. The user can of course choose not to remove the cover sheet 10 so that when browsing in the farde with a bundled bundle 4 the outer sheets 14 of the bundle do not stick to the protective sheets 5. Figure 5 shows a variant of Figure 1. In this case, the strip of adhesive 12 is located on the edge 13b of the cover sheet 10, which extends parallel to the ridge 2 and is located near the ridge 2 of the binding patch 1. Furthermore, the cover sheet 10 is provided with a print 15 on one side. It is not excluded that the other side or both sides of the cover sheet 10 have a print 15. This printing 15 may, for example, contain instructions for the use of binding binding 1 or other information or, for example, promotional or advertising messages. An advantage of the cover sheet 10 that contains instructions is that this information will not be lost because the cover sheet 10 is arranged in the binding patch 1. The user will always have this 'memory support' available for every binding firmware! which he uses to bind a bundle of sheets 4, so that a beautiful, bound bundle 4 can be obtained again and again by following the instructions. Figure 6 shows a variant of Figure 5, wherein the cover sheet 10 with at least a portion 16 protrudes beyond the circumference of the cover sheet 5. In this case the cover sheet 10 is provided with a 'tab' or protruding lip 16. This has the advantage that it will be possible to remove the cover sheet 10 easily, even though it is attracted to the cover sheet 5 by the static charge of the cover sheet 5 by gripping this protruding portion 16. Figures 7 and 8 show yet another embodiment, in which case the adhesive of the cover sheet 10 is provided on a tear-off strip 17 of the cover sheet 10. The tear-off strip 17 is separated by means of a perforation line 18 (or tear-off line) of the cover 10. The cover sheet 10 is arranged against the cover sheet 5 in such a way that the tear-off strip 17 is at least partially in the back 2, as can clearly be seen in Figure 8. In other words, the strip of adhesive 12 is located against a leg 8 of the back 2. In other words, the cover sheet 10 is attached to the back 2 of the binding patch 1 and not to a front cover 5 as in the previous embodiments. It is of course not excluded that the tear-off strip 17 is completely in the back 1. The width of the tear-off strip 17 is preferably equal to or approximately equal to the depth of the ridge 2. This has the advantage that the strip 17 is completely in the ridge 2, but that the cover sheet 10 can still easily be torn off along the perforation line 18 because it is located at the free end of the legs 8. After arranging a bundle of sheets 4 in the binding patch 1 as shown in Figs. 7 and 8, the cover sheet 10 can be detached along the perforation 18 and removed, the tear-off strip 17 remaining in the binding patch 1. Since the strip 17 is almost completely in the back 2, it will hardly be visible. Although in the example of figures 7 and 8 the adhesive is provided in the form of a strip of adhesive 12, it is not excluded that the adhesive is provided in the form of one, two, three or more drops of adhesive. Figure 9 shows yet another alternative embodiment of Figure 1, wherein in this case both cover sheets 5 are provided with a cover sheet 10 against the side 11 of each cover sheet 5 directed towards the inside of the binding fardard 1. The strips of adhesive 12 are both located on an edge 13a of the cover sheet 10 that faces away from the back. Although in the examples shown above the adhesive is applied in the form of a continuous, continuous strip of adhesive 12 on the cover sheet 10, it is not excluded that the adhesive is applied over the entire surface of cover sheet 10 or in the form of a number of local points. Thus, the adhesive can be applied to the surface of the cover sheet 10 in the form of one, two, three or more drops of adhesive or in the form of an interrupted strip of adhesive that is composed of several consecutive sub-strips of adhesive with zones in between that are free of adhesive. It is also not excluded that several continuous or interrupted strips of adhesive 12 are used. It is also possible that the adhesive 12 is applied in a thin layer over a whole side of the cover sheet 10. In this case, for example, one can use for the cover sheet 10 a cut-to-size multi-layer film 22 with an antistatic outer layer 23, e.g. from antistatic polyethylene, and a thin adhesive layer 24 as shown in Figure 15. As already described above, the strip of adhesive 12 may or may not be arranged parallel to the backing 2 at any location between the edge 13a and the edge 13b of the cover sheet 10. Figure 10 shows yet another embodiment, in which in this case the cover sheet 10 is not attached to the cover sheet 5 by means of an adhesive, but in which the cover sheet 10 comprises a folded strip 19 with which it is wrapped around a free edge 20 of the cover sheet 5 is applied. In the figure shown, this free edge 20 is parallel to the ridge 2, but this is not necessarily the case. The folded strip 19 is herein preferably arranged on the outside of the cover leaf 5, as can be seen in figure 10. Such an embodiment has the advantage that no adhesive is required. Due to the static charge of the cover leaf 5, the cover plate 10 will be pulled to the cover leaf 5 so that it remains in place. The spine 2 of the binding ribbon 1 can be made of metal, whether or not covered with paper or with fabric, but can also be made of cardboard or plastic. Figures 11 and 12 show such an embodiment in which the binding fardard 1 is provided with a back 2 from cardboard, one end cover 5 also being made from cardboard. In this case, but not necessarily, this first cover leaf 5 and the backing 2 are made from one continuous piece of cardboard. This is clearly shown in Figure 12. The second end cover 5 is made of plastic. This can be a matte or a smooth and glossy plastic, transparent or not. This second end cover 5 is provided with a cover leaf 10, in an analogous manner as for example figure 5. Figures 13 and 14 show a final embodiment of a binding patch 1 according to the invention. The binding joint 1 is provided with a cover sheet 10 which is arranged on one of the end sheets 5. In this case, adhesive is provided on the cover sheet 10 in the form of two drops of adhesive 21, on an edge 13b of the cover sheet 10 extending parallel to the back 2, which edge 13b faces the back 2. The drops of adhesive 21 are situated at the corners of the cover sheet 10, but this is not necessarily the case. Moreover, there can only be one drop or three or more drops of adhesive 21. The drops of adhesive 21 cause the cover sheet 10 to adhere to a number of local points. The cover sheet 10 in this case is arranged against the cover sheet 5 in such a way that the aforementioned drops of adhesive 21 are located at the location of the back 2, more particularly on an upright leg 8 of the back 2. The aforementioned edge 13 is located at some distance A from the base 7 of the back 2. This distance A is preferably between three and seven millimeters or more preferably between five and seven millimeters. This makes it possible to prevent the cover sheet 10 from being bound in by means of the hot-melt adhesive 9 in the backing 2 when a bundle 4 is bound in the backing 2. The difference with the embodiment from figures 7 and 8 is that no tear-off strip 17 and perforation line 18 are present. In this case, the cover sheet 10 will be completely removed after the bundle 4 has been fitted in the binding patch 1. Because only two drops of adhesive 21 are used, it will be possible to completely remove the cover sheet 10 from the binding patch 1. An advantage is that the tear-off strip 17 does not remain behind in the back 2, which can be unsightly if the tear-off has not been done properly. Moreover, this has the advantage that if adhesive would remain on the end cover 5, this will not be visible because the remaining adhesive is located at a location that is hidden from view after binding of a bundle 4. Although in the example of Figures 13 and 14 the adhesive is applied in the form of drops of adhesive 21, it is not excluded that the adhesive is applied in the form of a continuous, continuous strip of adhesive 12. Hereby, this strip of adhesive 12 is preferably made as thin as possible that it remains possible to remove the cover sheet 10 from the backing 2. Alternatively, the adhesive may be in the form of an interrupted strip of adhesive 12, wherein the strip 12 is made up of different sub-strips of adhesive with zones or spaces free of adhesive therebetween. It is also possible to apply the strip of adhesive 12 in the middle over a length of, for example, 10 cm in interrupted or uninterrupted form. The present invention is by no means limited to the embodiments described as examples and shown in the figures, but a binding patch according to the invention can be realized in all shapes and sizes without departing from the scope of the invention.
权利要求:
Claims (22) [1] Conclusions. 1. - Binding patch for binding a bundle of sheets (4), which binding patch (1) essentially comprises a spine (2) for surrounding an edge (3) of the bundle of sheets (4) and two braces attached to the spine (5) at least one of which is made of plastic, characterized in that at least one end cover (5) is provided with a cover plate (10) against the side (11) of the end cover (5) facing the inside of the binding flange (1) ), which cover sheet (10) is removably attached to the end cover (5) and / or the back (2). [2] Binding patch according to claim 1, characterized in that the cover sheet (10) is made of paper, cardboard or any other material with antistatic properties. [3] Binding patch according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cover sheet (10) is made of a single or multi-layered plastic, at least one of which is an antistatic outer layer and the other outer layer has an adhesive layer over all or part of its surface. [4] Binding patch according to claim 3, characterized in that the cover sheet (10) or at least one outer layer thereof is made from an antistatic polyethylene film. [5] Binding patch according to claim 4, characterized in that the cover sheet (10) is made of antistatic polyethylene film which is transparent and which is provided with an adhesive layer on one side. [6] Binding patch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cover sheet (10) is attached to the binding sheet (1) by means of an adhesive provided on the cover sheet (10). [7] Binding patch according to claim 6, characterized in that the adhesive is a glue or a cold glue. [8] Binding patch according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that adhesive is provided in the form of a strip of adhesive (12) or in the form of one, two, three or more drops of adhesive (21) on an edge (13a, 13b ) of the cover sheet (10), which edge (13a, 13b) extends parallel to the back (2). [9] Binding fuse according to claim 8, characterized in that the aforementioned edge (13a) of the cover sheet (10) faces away from the back (2). The binding binding according to claim 8, characterized in that the aforementioned edge (13b) of the cover sheet (10) faces the back (2). [11] Binding-fard according to claim 10, characterized in that the cover sheet (10) is arranged against the cover sheet (5) in such a way that the aforementioned strip of adhesive (12) or the one, two, three or more drops of adhesive (21) are in place of the back (2), in particular on an upright leg (8) of the back (2). 12. "Binding fard according to claim 11, characterized in that the aforementioned edge (13b) is at some distance (A) from the base (7) of the back (2). [13] Binding patch according to claim 12, characterized in that the aforementioned distance (A) is between three and seven millimeters or even better between five and seven millimeters. [14] Binding-fard according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the adhesive is provided on a tear-off strip (17) of the cover sheet (10), the cover sheet (10) being arranged against the cover sheet (5) such that the tear-off strip (17) is at least partially in the back (2). The binding bond according to claim 14, characterized in that adhesive is provided in the form of a strip of adhesive (12) or in the form of one, two, three or more drops of adhesive (21). [16] Binding-fard according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the width of the tear-off strip (17) is equal to or approximately equal to the depth of the spine (2). 17. "Binding patch according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cover sheet (10) is attached to the end cover (5) in that it comprises a folded strip (19) with which it is wrapped around a free edge (20) of the end cover (5) 18. ~ Binding patch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the end cover (5) has a smooth and / or glossy surface. [19] Binding fardage according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cover sheet (10) is approximately the same size as the cover sheet (5). [20] Binding fardard according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cover sheet (10) protrudes (16) with at least a portion beyond the circumference of the end cover (5). [21] Binding fardard according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cover sheet (10) is provided with a print (15) on at least one side. [22] 22. Binding sheet according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each end cover (5) is provided with a cover sheet (10) against the side (11) of the relevant end sheet (5) facing inwardly of the binding band (5), which cover sheet (10) is removably attached to the relevant end cover (5) and / or the back (2). [23] Binding-fard according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the back (2) is a U-shaped or V-shaped profile (6) of paper, cardboard, metal or plastic with a base (7) and two symmetrical or asymmetrical legs (8). [24] Binding-fard according to the preceding claim 20, characterized in that the back (2) is provided on the inside with a layer of glue (9) for fixing the aforementioned edge (3) of the bundle of blades (4). [25] 25. Binding patch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that both end sheets (5} are made of plastic, [26] 26. - The use of an antistatic plastic film as a cover sheet in a binding patch according to one of the preceding claims. [27] 27. - The use of an antistatic plastic film according to claim 25 in the form of a multilayer film (22) with an outer layer (23) of antistatic polyethylene and an adhesive layer (24).
类似技术:
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同族专利:
公开号 | 公开日 PT3302993T|2018-11-21| MA41563B1|2018-11-30| BE1023182A1|2016-12-12| CY1120865T1|2019-12-11| MA41563A1|2018-05-31| TR201815326T4|2018-11-21| ZA201707980B|2019-05-29| RU2692032C1|2019-06-19|
引用文献:
公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题 CH655060A5|1981-10-06|1986-03-27|Unibind Ltd|Protective cover with adjustable spine width and use thereof| DE102004045603A1|2004-09-17|2006-04-06|Planatol Klebetechnik Gmbh|Book binding system for amateurs has cover panels and spine linked by self adhesive strips and with the insert pages secured by self adhesive transfer strips| DE3435704C1|1984-09-28|1986-03-13|Lázár, Peter, 4040 Neuss|Method and device for producing a cover or the like and cover|
法律状态:
2020-08-06| MM| Lapsed because of non-payment of the annual fee|Effective date: 20190930 |
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