• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
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    • 专利摘要:
    Fig. 1 The present invention relates to a new use of NAA (1-naphthalene acetic acid) in apple trees wherein the apple trees are sprayed with the NAA (1-naphthalene acetic acid) during growth stage BBCH 71 to stimulate the development of the shoots of the apple trees. This stimulation occurs if a period of drought stress occurs during the period of shoot growth, in particular such a drought stress that would induce a growth stop. FIG. 1
    公开号:BE1023171B1
    申请号:E2016/5254
    申请日:2016-04-12
    公开日:2016-12-09
    发明作者:Kathleen VANDENBRANDEN
    申请人:Certiplant Nv；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    "New use of NAA in apple trees"
    The present invention relates to a new use of NAA (1-naphthalene acetic acid) in apple trees. NAA is already used in apple trees to achieve fruit thinning. For this purpose, the apple trees with NAA are sprayed during the growth stage BBCH 71, i.e. at the stage from the fruit set until the fruits have a diameter of 10 mm. Fruit thinning is recommended on plots with a strong fruit set. After all, too strong a fruit bearing results in a crowded tree with too small fruits, which have hardly any commercial value. In addition, an abundant harvest in one year results in a so-called turn year with a small harvest in the following year. In addition to NAA, other fruit thinning agents are known that can possibly be used in combination with NAA to achieve an optimization of fruit thinning.
    If the apple trees are not yet fully developed, it is important to obtain strong shoots. Also for apple trees that have already fully grown, it is important to obtain strong shoots, since such shoots are needed to allow sufficient flower buds to develop and also to be able to bear the fruits. In this regard, the problem arises that if a drought period occurs during the shoot growth period such that the apple trees are subjected to drought stress and a growth stop is induced. If sufficient water is then available, the root system will again absorb a lot of moisture and create growth again. This can give rise to regrowth and after bloom, so that there are fewer flower bones the following year. The tree will also have more shoots that will be weaker and therefore less suitable for bearing fruit and for further development of the tree if it has not yet fully grown.
    In order to achieve optimum shoot development in the event of a shortage of water, it is known to prevent drought stress by irrigating the trees. The disadvantage of this, however, is that this entails important investments, in particular for providing drip irrigation over large surfaces, and that the water administration itself and the associated water consumption also entail costs.
    SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a new method which permits the development of shoots of apple trees if a drought stress period occurs during the shoot growth period without irrigation of the apple trees.
    For this purpose, the apple trees are sprayed during growth stage BBCH 71 with the NAA (1-naphthalene acetic acid) to stimulate the development of the shoots of the apple trees.
    In normal agricultural circumstances, when NAA is applied during the growth stage BBCH 71, no additional effects on plant growth itself are observed, only fruit thinning is visible. It has now surprisingly been found that NAA can also stimulate the development of the shoots of the apple trees, while maintaining the number of new shoots, if during the further course of the growing season, in particular during the period of shoot growth, a drought stress occurs, more particularly, a drought stress that causes wilting effects and which in particular induces a growth stop.
    From the article "Naphthalene Acetic Acid Can Differentially Reduce Growth in the Tops of Dwarf Apple Trees, Results from 2005" by Wesley R. Autio et al. In Fruit Notes, Volume 72, Spring, 2006 (available via the web page http: / /umassfruitnotes.com/v71n2/a4.pdf) it is already known to use NAA for controlling the vegetative growth of apple trees, more specifically dwarf trees. In the experiments described in this article, a latex paint containing 1.5% NAA is applied to a B9 rootstock during early flowering on the basis of shoots of Golden Delicious. The NAA was added to the latex paint in the form of a commercial product containing the NAA in the form of the ethyl ester. It was established that a smaller number of new shoots developed and that these shoots also grew less rapidly. However, when used according to the present invention, the opposite effect was obtained. By spraying the NAA on the leaves of the apple trees during growth stage BBCH 71, a stimulation of the development of the shoots of the apple trees was observed without the number of new shoots being reduced by the NAA treatment if during the further course of the drought stress occurs during the growing season. If this is not the case, such stimulation was not established, but the development of the shoots was not inhibited either.
    In a preferred embodiment of the use of NAA according to the invention, the spraying with NAA is also carried out for obtaining a fruit thinning, wherein the NAA is sprayed on the apple trees in an amount effective for achieving fruit thinning.
    In this way the NAA is always used effectively. After all, the intended fruit thinning is always obtained. Depending on whether or not drought stress occurs, which is in particular such that it would induce a growth stop during the period of shoot growth, stimulation of the development of the shoots is also obtained. The chance of such drought stress occurring depends on the climate, the soil type, the height of the groundwater table and the type of apple tree. The new use of the invention is thus dependent on drought-sensitive soils in particular.
    In drier areas, for example in Southern Europe, it is generally less necessary to perform a fruit thinning and thus in practice less fruit thinning with NAA is applied. However, according to the invention, an effect of NAA on the vegetative growth of the apple trees has now been established, in particular when drought stress occurs, which is regularly or even during most years in drier regions. Certainly in such drier areas, it is therefore advisable to perform a NAA treatment during growth stage BBCH 71. If no fruit thinning is desired, this NAA treatment is preferably carried out with a lower dose, for example with a dose lower than 13 g w.s./ha, and preferably lower than 11 g w.s./ha. For a fruit thinning with NAA, a dose of approximately 15 g w.s./ha is recommended.
    In a further preferred embodiment of the use of NAA according to the invention, a NAA formulation is used in the form of a water-miscible concentrate (SL) which is diluted with water before spraying onto the apple trees.
    It was established that with such a formulation optimal effects on vegetative growth could be achieved.
    In an advantageous embodiment of the use of NAA according to the invention, the NAA is applied to apple trees that grow on a soil with a groundwater table that is more than 2 meters below ground level.
    In this case there is little or no interaction between the groundwater and the root zone of the apple trees. As a result of the evaporation of the water, the moisture content in the soil drops relatively quickly and drought occurs quickly if it does not rain and there is a lot of incoming solar radiation.
    In a preferred embodiment of the use of NAA according to the invention, the NAA is applied to apple trees with a weak root and / or root stock, more particularly to apple trees with a root stock selected from the group of M26, M9, B9, Last Minute, M27 and M8.
    Such apple trees are more subject to drought stress such that it is especially important for such apple trees that in the event of a drought a minimal vegetative growth can be guaranteed.
    Further advantages and details of the invention will be apparent from the following description of a preferred embodiment of the use of NAA according to the invention. However, this description is only given as an example and is not intended to limit the scope of protection as defined by the claims. In the described experiment, reference is made to the accompanying figures in which:
    Figure 1 is a graph with the daily minimum and maximum temperatures of the month of May during the execution of the experiment;
    Figure 2 is a graph showing the daily amount of sunshine (in minutes) of the month of May during the experiment;
    Figure 3 is a graph showing the daily amount of precipitation (in L / m2) of the month of May during the execution of the experiment; and
    Figure 4 is a graph showing the periods with moist leaves during the different days of the month of May during the execution of the experiment.
    The invention generally relates to a new use of NAA in apple trees wherein the apple trees, and in particular the leaves thereof, are sprayed with NAA during growth stage BBCH71 to promote the development of shoots of apple trees.
    Growth stage BBCH 71 is defined as being the growth stage from the beginning of the development of the fruits until the fruits have reached a size of 10 mm. For the definition of this BBCH growth stage, reference is made to the BBCH Monograph “Growth stages of mono-end dicotyledonous plants”, 2. Edition, 2001, Edited by Uwe Meier.
    This is the same application as the one in which NAA is used for obtaining fruit thinning in apple trees. This fruit thinning is obtained by a NAA spraying which is carried out at the same growth stage and this with the same concentration of active substance, i.e. to NAA.
    According to the invention it was found that notwithstanding the NAA treatment has no effect on the development of the shoots during a growing season in which the apple trees are not subject to drought stress, this treatment does have an effect on the development of the shoots during a growing season in which the apple trees are subject to drought stress without the NAA treatment having an effect on the number of new shoots that are formed. The drought stress is in particular such that wilting effects occur, including the hanging of leaves and shoot tops. More specifically, the period of drought stress lasts such a long time that a growth stop occurs in the apple trees, in particular in apple trees that have not been treated with the NAA.
    The drought stress must occur in particular during the shoot growth period, more particularly between the beginning of May and the end of July. The occurrence of drought stress is primarily dependent on weather conditions, in particular on the amount of precipitation and its spread over time, as well as on the temperature, the number of hours of sunshine and the humidity. Furthermore, the occurrence of drought stress depends on the texture and structure (in particular on the organic matter content) of the soil and on the depth of the groundwater table. For example, a sandy bottom retains less moisture than a clay bottom while a clay bottom holds the moisture so strongly that it is less easily absorbed by the plant. If a groundwater table is present at a depth of less than 2 m, a considerable amount of moisture rises to the root zone that the tree uses. The NAA treatment according to the invention is thus preferably applied in regions where the long-term average (in particular over the last 30 years) of the amount of precipitation over the months of May, June and July is lower than 80 mm, in particular lower than 70 mm and more particularly lower than 60 mm. Furthermore, the NAA treatment according to the invention is preferably applied to apple trees growing on a drought-sensitive soil. A drought-sensitive soil is a soil that can only supply a small amount of water available to the trees through capilarity based on a groundwater layer.
    Because apple trees with a weak rootstock and / or middle trunk, more specifically apple trees with a rootstock selected from the group of M26, M9, B9, Last Minute, M27 and M8, have a less developed root system and are more susceptible to drought stress than more strongly growing apple trees, the treatment according to the invention is preferably applied to such apple trees.
    The NAA spraying is preferably used not only for stimulating the development of the shoots but also for thinning the fruit. An amount of NAA is then applied that is effective in achieving fruit thinning.
    The amount of NAA that is sprayed on the apple trees should be effective for achieving stimulation of shoot development in the event of drought stress. Preferably, an amount of NAA is used which contains at least 7 g, more preferably at least 8 g and most preferably at least 9 g of active substance (NAA expressed as acid) per hectare of surface area. However, this amount is preferably at most 15 g, more preferably at most 13 g and most preferably at most 11 g of active substance per hectare of surface area.
    The best effects on shoot development were obtained by applying a NAA formulation in the form of a water-miscible concentrate (SL) that must be diluted with water before spraying it on the apple trees.
    Experiment
    On a plot with 5-year-old apple trees of the Junami variety on a B9 rootstock in Haspengouw (Belgium), a number of NAA treatments were tested in 2012. The plot had a well-drained surface with a groundwater table that is always so low in the months of May, June and July (certainly more than 2 m) that it does not supply water due to capillary nature. The soil was therefore a drought-sensitive soil. The long-term average of the amount of precipitation over the last 30 years in this region for the month of May was 62 L / m2, for the month of June 71 L / m2 and for the month of July 77 L / m2, or an average of 70 L / m2 m2 for the months of May, June and July.
    On May 22, the fruits were approximately 10 mm in size and part of the apple trees were treated while another part remained untreated. As a first treatment, a WP (Wettable Powder) formulation with 1% NAA was used. This formulation was sprayed on the apple trees after dilution in water at an amount of 15 g of active ingredient (NAA) per hectare of surface area. treatments, a water-miscible concentrate (SL) with 100 g / l of NAA was used After dissolving the water-miscible concentrate in water, it was sprayed onto the apple trees in amounts of 7.5, 10 and 15 g of active ingredient, respectively (NAA) per hectare of surface area.
    Shortly after the treatment there was a drought period with high temperatures, lots of sunshine and low humidity so that the leaves remained dry. As a result, wilting effects of the leaves occurred on both the treated and untreated trees. The daily minimum and maximum temperatures, the daily amount of sunshine, the daily amount of precipitation and the periods during which the leaves of the apple trees were moist are indicated in figures 1 to 4 for the month of May of 2012 for the region in which the experiment was conducted. .
    During the second half of May, the average temperature was higher than normal, namely 14.5 ° C versus 12.3 ° C. In addition, 5 summer days were recorded with a maximum temperature of more than 25 ° C and there was a lot of sunshine, namely a total of 225 hours and 15 minutes versus the normal number of sunshine hours of 201 hours and 18 minutes. After 22 May there was a combination of high temperature, strong sun, hardly any rainfall and dry leaves.
    After the growth period of the shoots, more specifically on 8 August 2012, the length of the shoots of the apple trees was measured and the number of one-year shoots was also counted.
    It was determined that the NAA treatment had no effect on the number of new shoots. The results regarding the length of the new shoots are given in the table below.
    Table 1: Average length of the shoots of the treated and untreated apple trees measured on 8/8/2012.
    With NAA in a WP formulation, a limited increase in the average shoot length could be achieved. Better effects were with NAA in an SL formulation. With a dose of 7.5 g w.s./ha a considerable effect was already obtained, which, however, increased considerably, to a more than 15% increase in shoot length, with a dose of 10 g w.s./ha. Because the number of shoots themselves remained the same, the stronger growth of the shoots was not due to a reduction in the number of shoots but only to a stimulation of growth by the NAA treatment itself.
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    CONCLUSIONS
    Use of NAA (1-naphthalene acetic acid) in apple trees, characterized in that the apple trees are sprayed with the NAA during growth stage BBCH 71 to stimulate the development of the shoots of the apple trees.
    [2]
    Use according to claim 1, wherein the spraying with NAA is carried out to stimulate the development of the shoots of the apple trees if during the further course of the growing season, in particular during the period of shoot growth, a drought stress would occur causing the drought leaves of the apple trees wilt.
    [3]
    Use according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the spraying with NAA is carried out to stimulate the development of the shoots of the apple trees if during the further course of the growing season, in particular during the period of shoot growth, a drought stress would occur that would induce a growth stop without NAA spraying.
    [4]
    Use according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the spraying with NAA is also carried out for obtaining a fruit thinning, wherein the NAA is sprayed on the apple trees in an amount effective for obtaining the fruit thinning.
    [5]
    Use according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the NAA is sprayed on the apple trees in an amount of at least 7 g, preferably at least 8 g and more preferably at least 9 g of active substance per hectare of surface.
    [6]
    Use according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the NAA is sprayed on the apple trees in an amount of at most 15 g, preferably at most 13 g and more preferably at most 11 g of active substance per hectare of surface.
    [7]
    Use according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein a NAA formulation is used in the form of a water-miscible concentrate (SL) which is diluted with water before spraying onto the apple trees.
    [8]
    Use according to any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the NAA is applied to apple trees that grow on a drought-sensitive soil.
    [9]
    The use according to any of claims 1 to 8, wherein the NAA is applied to apple trees with a weak root and / or root stock, more particularly to apple trees with a root stock selected from the group of M26, M9, B9, Last Minute, M27 and M8.
    [10]
    Use according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the NAA is applied in a region where the long-term average of the amount of precipitation over the months of May, June and July is less than 80 mm, preferably less than 70 mm and more at is less than 60 mm.
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