• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
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    • 专利摘要:
    een vlamwerende, abrasiebestendige buitenste laag ^ (1) , een ademende, waterdichte film (2) en een vlamwerende thermische barrière (3). De ·«*» vlamwerende thermische barrière (3) bevat een ^ weefsel (4) dat lokaal ontdubbeld is ter vorming van luchtholtes (5) tussen twee deelweefsels (4', 4"). Het weefsel (4) heeft een eerste zijde die nagenoeg vlak is en een tweede zijde die van een relief voorzien is dat gevormd wordt door genoemde luchtholtes (5). Volgens de uitvinding is de ademende, waterdichte film (2) vastgehecht aan de vlakke zijde van genoemd weefsel (4) die naar de buitenzijde van de beschermkleding gericht is. Hierdoor is het mogelijk om voor een bepaalde thermische isolatiewaarde een gewichtsbesparing te realiseren om aldus de beschermkleding uit een binnenste en een buitenste kledingstuk te kunnen opbouwen, waarbij het buitenste kledingstuk, met daarin de waterdichte film, apart kan uitgedaan worden om contaminatie van het lichaam met toxische stoffen te vermijden of te verminderen. The flame-resistant protective clothing contains, in the direction from the outside to the inside of the clothing, a flame-resistant, abrasion-resistant outer layer (1), a breathable, waterproof film (2) and a flame-resistant thermal barrier (3). The flame resistant thermal barrier (3) contains a fabric (4) that is locally duplicated to form air cavities (5) between two subwoven fabrics (4 ', 4 "). The fabric (4) has a first side that is substantially flat and a second side provided with a relief formed by said air cavities (5). According to the invention, the breathable, water-tight film (2) is adhered to the flat side of said fabric (4) facing the outside This makes it possible to realize a weight saving for a specific thermal insulation value in order to be able to build up the protective clothing from an inner and an outer garment, whereby the outer garment, with the waterproof film therein, can be taken off separately to prevent or reduce body contamination with toxic substances.
    公开号:BE1023045B1
    申请号:E2015/5731
    申请日:2015-11-09
    公开日:2016-11-14
    发明作者:Glas Vera De
    申请人:Sioen Nv；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    "Flame-resistant protective clothing"
    The present invention relates to flame-resistant protective clothing which comprises a flame-resistant, abrasion-resistant outer layer in the direction from the outside to the inside of the clothing, a breathable, waterproof film and a flame-resistant thermal barrier. The flame-resistant thermal barrier contains a fabric that is locally duplicated to form air cavities between two sub-fabrics. The fabric has a first side that is substantially flat and a second side that is provided with a relief formed by said air cavities.
    The protective clothing is particularly intended for firefighters and must therefore comply with certain standards, in particular with the European standard EN 469: 2005. The parameters that must be met in accordance with this standard include the heat transfer (with flame or by heat radiation), the resistance to water penetration and the water vapor resistance. For each of these parameters, two levels are provided which are designated by Xf1 or Xf2, Xr1 or Xr2, Y1 or Y2 and Z1 or Z2, respectively.
    In the European standard, there are currently no parameters for indicating the physiological / heat stress caused by firefighter clothing, apart from the water vapor permeability (Ret value). However, these parameters are also of great importance. The current European standard states that the standard for these parameters is evolving.
    For example, firefighting clothing that exhibits the above-mentioned characteristics is already described in US 2013/0174334. The object of the invention described in this US patent application is to provide a layered, heat-resistant protective clothing that provides the necessary protection against fire, but which is nevertheless sufficient light to prevent heat stress. For this purpose, a double fabric is used as the outer layer which increases in thickness at a temperature of 400 ° C due to a difference in thermal shrinkage of the front and back fabric. The disadvantage of such an outer layer is that the fireman is already subject to high temperatures before the additional insulation in his protective clothing is achieved. Furthermore, in US 2013/0174334 a fabric is used as liner that contains air ducts and thus provides additional thermal insulation. The waterproofness of the clothing is provided by a woven or knitted intermediate layer on which a breathable, waterproof film of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or the like is laminated or coated.
    The invention now has for its object to propose a new protective clothing which makes it possible to realize a further weight saving for a specific thermal insulation value.
    For this purpose, the flame-resistant protective clothing according to the present invention is characterized in that the breathable, water-tight film is adhered to the flat side of said fabric, said flat side facing the outside of the protective clothing.
    In practice, a breathable, waterproof film must always be laminated or coated on a substrate. In the protective clothing described in US 2013/0174334 this is done by laminating a PTFE film, the weight of which, including the weight of the adhesive layer, is usually in the order of magnitude of about 40 g / m2, on a fabric wherein thus in Example 1 of these
    US patent application a moisture barrier is obtained with a total weight of 120 g / m2. According to the invention, it has now been found that an important weight saving can be achieved by not coating or laminating the waterproof film on a separate substrate, but rather on the thermal barrier itself. In this way the barrier thus obtained fulfills two functions, namely the function of thermal barrier and the function of moisture barrier. The fabric used in US 2013/0174334 as a substrate for the breathable, waterproof film offers virtually no additional thermal insulation and can therefore easily be omitted while maintaining the thermal insulation of the clothing.
    Preferably, the fabric to which the waterproof film is adhered is woven in one piece.
    The advantage of this is that no adhesive is required, for example, to bond two sub-fabrics together, which would adversely affect the breathability of the whole.
    In a preferred embodiment of the protective clothing according to the invention, a further flame-resistant thermal barrier is provided between said outer layer and said film, in particular comprising a knit.
    This additional thermal barrier lowers the heat transfer through the flame clothing and through heat radiation so that the heat transfer level as determined by EN 469: 2005 can be easily increased from level 1 to level 2 (from Xf1 to Xf2 and from Xr1 to Xr2). The knit which is preferably used for this purpose must only have a relatively small weight of, for example, about 80 to 100 g / m2, that is to say about the weight that was saved by the waterproof film on the thermal barrier compared to US 2013/0174334 to attach to a separate substrate. The advantage of a knit over, for example, a non-woven material is that it can not only be made lightly, but that it can moreover be washed regularly without quickly becoming worn or damaged.
    In a further preferred embodiment of the protective clothing according to the invention, the clothing is formed by an inner garment, which is provided with a closure for being able to be put on and taken off, and by an outer garment, which is attached to the inner garment so as to be able to be worn with the inner garment, which outer garment contains said outer layer, said film and said thermal barrier, the outer garment being releasably attached to the inner garment by means of fastening means provided to release the outer garment of the inner garment without having to detach said closure from the inner garment.
    The protective clothing according to this preferred embodiment is intended to reduce contamination of the body through contact with harmful, in particular carcinogenic, substances such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons and volatile organic compounds. In practice, there are indications that firefighters on average have a lower life expectancy. The harmful substances can penetrate into the body through inhalation and through the skin.
    Tests have shown that these harmful substances can penetrate relatively easily through the outer layers of the protective clothing and largely accumulate in the breathable, waterproof film.
    To reduce contamination of the body, a firefighter suit is marketed by the Viking company, the outer layer of which can be removed without the inner garment itself having to be taken off or even detached. The outer garment, formed by the outer layer, must then be deposited in soluble laundry bag with which it can be brought to the washing machine without causing further contamination.
    Such a protective clothing is also known from WO 96/39056. In this known protective clothing, the outer layer forms an outer garment that can be worn separately. The inner garment, which can also be worn separately, contains a further outer layer that is abrasion resistant, a thermal barrier, and a breathable, waterproof film that can be laminated to a flat fabric that serves as a liner.
    A disadvantage of such protective clothing is that the problem of contamination during and after taking off the outer garment is not solved. As indicated above, the toxic substances largely accumulate in the breathable, watertight film in such a way that the fireman, and also the wagon with which it is returned to the fire station, is still contaminated by toxic substances from the inner garment. A further important disadvantage is that because both the inner garment and the outer layer have to contain an abrasion-resistant outer layer, the overall layer structure of the protective clothing becomes so heavy that this increases the risk of physiological / heat stress, or in other words the risk that the fireman after a receive a heart attack, significantly increased. Depending on the thickness of the thermal barrier, and thus on the intended heat transfer properties, the weight of such a layer structure quickly rises to more than 700 g / m2.
    Because in the protective clothing according to the present invention no substrate is required that makes virtually no contribution to the thermal insulation of the clothing, the total weight of the clothing, depending on the weight of the textile materials used, can easily be limited to 590 to 670 g / m2 without the additional thermal barrier between the waterproof film and the outer layer, and up to 670 to 770 g / m2 with an additional thermal barrier to achieve a heat transfer level 2 (Xf2 and Xr2).
    A further advantage of this preferred embodiment is that the majority of the toxic substances are removed when the outer garment is taken off because the outer garment contains the breathable, waterproof film in which most of the toxic substances are incorporated and which, unlike the other layers, forms an effective barrier for these toxic substances.
    In an advantageous embodiment of the protective clothing according to the present invention, the inner garment is formed by a flame-resistant, abrasion-resistant fabric. This fabric is preferably tightly woven so that it has an air permeability, measured according to DIN EN ISO 9237 at a pressure of 100 Pa, which is lower than 150 l / m2.sec, and preferably lower than 100 l / m2.sec. It further preferably has a weight greater than 165 g / m2, preferably greater than 175 g / m2 and more preferably greater than 185 g / m2, the weight of said abrasion-resistant fabric preferably being less than 230 g / m2.
    The abrasion-resistant fabric, i.e., the inner garment, can be washed frequently in this embodiment without being quickly worn. Due to the low air permeability, it furthermore provides a certain protection against contamination without having to contain a dense film itself. The preferred weights allow the desired abrasion resistance and air permeability to be achieved without the weight of the inner garment making the overall weight of the protective clothing too large.
    Further advantages and details of the invention will be apparent from the following description of some preferred embodiments of protective clothing according to the invention. However, this description is only given as an example and is not intended to limit the scope of protection as defined by the claims. The reference numerals given in the description relate to the accompanying drawings in which:
    Figure 1 schematically represents a layer structure for protective clothing according to the invention with an outer layer and a thermal barrier on which a breathable, waterproof film is laminated;
    Figure 2 shows the same layer structure as Figure 1 with an additional thermal barrier between the outer layer and the waterproof film;
    Figure 3 shows the same layer structure as Figure 1 with an additional flame-resistant, abrasion-resistant fabric to form an inner garment inside the outer garment with the layer structure according to Figure 1;
    Figure 4 shows the same layer structure as Figure 3 with an additional thermal barrier in the outer garment between the outer layer and the waterproof film;
    Figure 5 shows a perspective view of a protective clothing jacket according to a preferred embodiment of the invention formed by an inner jacket and an outer jacket;
    Figure 6 shows on a larger scale the collar of the jacket according to Figure 5, which collar is formed by an inner and an outer collar;
    Figure 7 shows the collar according to Figure 6 with the outer collar folded up;
    Figure 8 shows a perspective view of the inner jacket;
    Figure 9 shows on a larger scale the quickly peelable zipper on the inside of the inner jacket;
    Figure 10 shows a perspective view of the outer jacket;
    Figure 11 shows a perspective view of trousers of protective clothing according to a preferred embodiment of the invention to be worn in combination with the jacket shown in Figures 5 to 9 and which is formed by inner pants and outer pants;
    Figure 12 shows a perspective view of the inner pants;
    Figure 13 shows a perspective view of the outer pants; and
    Figure 14 shows a perspective view analogous to that of Figure 11 wherein the outer pants are detached from the inner pants.
    The invention relates generally to flame-resistant protective clothing. The term flame-resistant means in particular that the flame directed at the inside or the outside of the clothing or of the material that is flame-resistant is not spread by the clothing or by this material. A flame spread index of 3 is preferably measured in accordance with the European standard EN ISO 15025: 2002, procedure A.
    The protective clothing comprises at least, viewed from the outside to the inside, a flame-resistant, abrasion-resistant outer layer 1, a breathable, waterproof film 2 and a flame-resistant thermal barrier 3. This minimum layer structure is shown in Figure 1.
    The abrasion-resistant outer layer 1 ensures that the clothing is not worn too quickly by use or also by washing. The abrasion or wear resistance of textile materials is measured with an abrasion test device, also known as Martindale tester. The textile material is thereby rubbed against a standard abrasive under a specific pressure and according to a continuous variable movement. This standard abrasive material is a woolen fabric. The pressure is selected depending on the application and / or the requirements of the final article, the choice is either 9 kPa or 12 kPa. The result is expressed in the number of cycles of resistance, whereby the end result of the test in the textile sector is personal protective clothing, usually the breaking of two threads. In the present description, an abrasion-resistant layer is particularly understood to mean a layer which withstands a pressure of 12 kPa for at least 50,000 cycles (until two wires are broken).
    The breathable, waterproof film 2 ensures that no water penetrates through the protective clothing, while water vapor can escape through the protective clothing. As determined by EN 469: 2005, the resistance to water penetration, tested according to EN 20811 at a pressure increase rate of 0.98 kPa / min, due to the presence of the watertight film 2 must be at least 20 kPa (= level 2 ). The water vapor resistance, measured according to EN 31092, on the other hand, according to EN 469: 2005, must be at least less than 45 m2Pa / W (= level 1) or less than or equal to 30 m2Pa / W (= level 2). In the present description, a breathable, watertight film 2 is thus in particular a film that ensures that the water penetration resistance of the protective clothing is of level 2 according to EN 469: 2005 and the water vapor penetration resistance of level 2 according to EN 469: 2005.
    According to the invention, the breathable, waterproof film 2 is first of all adhered to the thermal barrier 3. The adhesion between the two can be done by laminating the film 2 and the thermal barrier 3 or by coating the film 2 on the thermal barrier. For laminating, use is preferably made of an adhesive which is only applied locally, in particular point-wise, so as to only minimally influence the water vapor permeability of the thermal moisture barrier. The coating of the film 2 on the thermal barrier 3 can be done by means of different coating techniques, with preference being given to an indirect, or in other words, a transfer coating technique. The thermal barrier 3 to which the film 2 is adhered comprises, according to the invention, a fabric 4 that is locally duplicated to form air cavities 5 between two sub-fabrics 4 ", 4". The fabric 4 has a first, substantially flat side that faces the outside of the protective clothing and a second, opposite side that is provided with a relief formed by the air cavities 5 in the fabric 4. The breathable, waterproof film 2 is attached to the flat side of the fabric 4.
    The fabric 4 is preferably woven in one piece. In other words, the two sub-fabrics 4 ", 4" are not individually woven and subsequently adhered to each other, but are made by means of a double weaving technique. As a result, the water vapor permeability of this fabric is thus maximally retained.
    As shown diagrammatically in Figures 1 to 4, the fabric 4 preferably comprises strips 6 with a flat fabric structure with strips 7 between them where the fabric 4 has been doubled to form air ducts 5. These air ducts 5 in particular have a width W1 included between 2 and 10 mm and more preferably between 3 and 8 mm. The strips 6 between the air ducts 5 preferably have a width W2 which is comprised between 1 and 10 mm and preferably between 1 and 6 mm. The fabric 4 further has a thickness d at the location of the air ducts or air cavities 5, which thickness is preferably comprised between 1 and 6 mm and more preferably between 1 and 4 mm. A fabric 4 that meets these characteristics is available commercially under the name Techwave ™. This double fabric has a weight of approximately 140 g / m2, air ducts 5 with a width W1 of approximately 5 mm, flat strips 6 with a width W2 of approximately 2 mm and a thickness of approximately 2 mm.
    With the minimum layer structure shown in Figure 1, protective clothing can be produced at the level of Xf1 Xr1 Y2 Z2 (according to EN 469: 2005) using the Techwave ™ fabric. To improve the heat transfer characteristics, as shown in Figure 2, an additional thermal barrier 8 can be provided between the outer layer 1 and the breathable, waterproof film 2. This additional thermal barrier 8 can be made from the usual materials for this, in particular from non-woven constructions, weaving constructions and knitted constructions. However, a knitted fabric is preferred since it can provide sufficient additional insulation with a minimum weight, in particular by the air layer formed thereby between the outer layer 1 and the water-tight film 2, and since the knitted fabric is washed when washing the clothing is not damaged or worn out quickly and dries relatively quickly. It has been found that, for example, with a knit weighing about 80 to 100 g / m2, the level of the protective clothing can be increased to Xf2 Xr2 Y2 Z2.
    An important aspect of the invention consists in providing protective clothing with which contamination of the body can be avoided or limited, in particular when taking off the protective clothing. To achieve this, the protective clothing is formed by an inner and an outer garment, the outer garment preferably covering the inner garment almost completely.
    The inner garment has a closure to be able to be put on and off independently. This closure preferably comprises a zipper which is provided on the inner garment in particular at the front. The outer garment is attached to the inner garment so that it can be worn together with the inner garment. In particular, it is detachably attached to the inner garment by means of fastening means provided to be able to detach the outer garment from the inner garment, and to be able to take it off, without having to loosen the closure of the inner garment. These fastening means preferably comprise at least one further zipper such that the outer garment can be reliably attached to the inner garment. The outer garment itself is preferably designed such that it cannot be worn without the inner garment. In particular, it preferably does not contain a zipper with which it can be closed on itself.
    In order to remove the harmful substances absorbed by the protective clothing as much as possible when the outer garment is taken off, this outer garment comprises not only the outer layer 1, but also the breathable, waterproof film 2 and the thermal barrier 3 attached thereto. after all, it has been shown that the harmful substances mainly accumulate in the breathable, watertight film 2 and that this film 2 forms an effective barrier for these harmful substances such that the inner garment is not or substantially not contaminated.
    The inner garment is preferably formed by a flame-resistant, abrasion-resistant fabric 9. Because it is abrasion-resistant, it can be worn and washed as a separate garment. As an inner garment, the abrasion-resistant fabric 9 can be combined, for example, with an outer garment which, as shown diagrammatically in Figure 3, can only contain the outer layer 1, the breathable, waterproof film 2 and the thermal barrier 3 attached thereto, or that, as schematically shown in Figure 4, furthermore contains the additional thermal barrier 8. With the layer structure according to figure 3, protective clothing of level Xf2 Xr2 Y2 Z2 can be produced and with the layer structure according to figure 4 protective clothing of level Xf2 Xr2 Y2 Z2. Notwithstanding the fact that the clothing is composed of two articles of clothing, the weight thereof can be kept sufficiently low to thus prevent physiological / heat stress. This is particularly the case when the fabric 4 to which the breathable, waterproof film 2 is attached forms the inside of the outer garment (as illustrated in Figures 3 and 4).
    The abrasion-resistant fabric 9 is preferably tightly woven so that it has an air permeability measured according to DIN EN ISO 9237 at a pressure of 100 Pa, which is lower than 150 l / m2.sec, and more preferably lower than 100 l / m2. .sec. The lower the air permeability of this fabric 9, the smaller the chance that the wearer will be contaminated when taking off the outer garment. With a view to increasing abrasion resistance and reducing air permeability, the abrasion resistant fabric 9 preferably has a weight greater than 165 g / m2, preferably greater than 175 g / m2 and more preferably greater than 185 g / m2.
    Since an excessive weight must be avoided in order to avoid physiological / heat stress, the weight of the abrasion-resistant fabric 9 is preferably lower than 230 g / m2.
    The protective clothing is preferably composed of a jacket and trousers. Such two-piece clothing causes less physiological / heat stress than a one-piece overall.
    Figures 5 to 10 show a jacket according to a preferred embodiment of the invention. The jacket, shown in Figure 5, consists of an inner jacket 10 (= inner garment), shown in Figure 8, and an outer jacket 11 (= outer garment), shown in Figure 10.
    The jacket is closed by means of a zipper 12 which is provided at the front on the inner jacket 10. The outer jacket 11 has at the front a flap 13 which can be held over the zipper 12 by means of a Velcro tape 14. The outer jacket 11 is detachably attached to the inner jacket 10 by means of two further zippers 15 on both sides of the zipper 12. One half of each of these zippers 15 is on the outside of the inner jacket 10 while the other half of each of these zippers 15 is on the inside of the outer jacket 11.
    The lower edges of the inner 10 and the outer jacket 11 are detachably attached to each other. Use can be made of Velcro for this, but a zipper 16 is preferred since a zipper 16 can seal the space between the inner and the outer jacket in a more reliable manner. This is important because of the fact that the inner jacket 10 does not contain a breathable, waterproof film 2, so that the penetration of harmful flue gases between the two jackets must be avoided. In order to be able to release the zipper 16 easily, this zipper 16 is preferably a quick-release zipper. Such a zipper has a number of places where it can easily be pulled open without having to use the slider of the zipper. An example of such a quick-release zipper is the so-called Quickburst ™ zipper that is marketed by YKK.
    The two halves of the two further zippers 15 which are provided on the outer jacket 11 preferably do not allow the outer jacket 11 to be fixed on itself, i.e. without it being arranged on the inner jacket 10. This means that the carrier is always protected against contamination. For this purpose, the two halves can for instance be manufactured from zippers with a different fineness such that they do not fit together. On the other hand, the two halves, either both or neither, can be provided with a slider such that they cannot cooperate with each other.
    In order to prevent contamination at the level of the collar as much as possible, both the inner 10 and the outer jacket 11 have a collar, namely a collar 17 and a further collar 18 respectively, the collar 18 of the outer jacket 11 being the collar 17 of the inner jacket 10 envelops. To keep both collars together, pieces of Velcro 19 are provided between the two collars 17, 18. Since the inner collar 17 is completely covered by the outer collar 18, the inner jacket 10 has a pure collar 17 after removal of the outer jacket 11.
    A special embodiment of the pants to be worn together with the jacket is shown in figures 11 to 14. The pants, shown in figures 11 and 14, consist of inner pants 20 (= inner garment), shown in figure 12, and an outer pants 21 (= outer garment), shown in Figure 13.
    As can be seen in Figure 14, the pants are closed by means of a zipper 22 which is provided on the front of the inner pants 20 at the front. The outer trousers 21 have two flaps 23 at the front, which can each be attached to the inner trousers 20 by means of a Velcro strap 24 along both sides of the zipper 22. The outer pants 21 is provided along its upper edge with a zipper 25 with which it can be zipped to the inner pants 20. This zipper 25 is preferably a quick-release zipper. One half of this zipper 25 is located on the outside of the inner pants 20 while the other half of this zipper 25 is on the upper edge of the outer pants 21. The inner pants 20 extend a limited distance above the upper edge of the outer pants 21. However, this part is not or hardly subject to contamination because it is completely covered by the jacket worn on the pants. At the location of this protruding part of the inner pants 20, preferably the material used for the outer pants 21, and thus containing the outer layer 1, the breathable, waterproof film 2 and the thermal barrier 3 adhered thereto, is fixed on the flame-resistant, abrasion-resistant fabric 9 of the inner pants 20 is attached.
    Flame-resistant materials and breathable, waterproof films that can be used for the manufacture of the protective clothing described above are already commercially available, with the breathable, waterproof film 2 not yet adhered to the thermal barrier 3.
    Outer layer 1
    The weights of the outer layers vary from 195 g / m2 to 240 g / m2. The fabric of the outer layer can be based on the following fibers, usually in a mixture of two or more fibers: meta-aramid (for example Nomex®, Conex®, ...), para-aramid (for example Kevlar®, Twaron ®, Technora®, ...), polyamide-imide (for example Kermel®), polybenzimidazole (PBI), polybenzoxazole (PBO), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyetherimide, polyetherimide, TLCP fibers (for example Vectran® ) wool, viscose FR, carbon,
    Some examples of common mixtures are: 93% meta-aramid - 5% para-aramid - 2% antistatic fibers 81% meta-aramid -18% para-aramid - 2% antistatic fibers 75% meta-aramid - 23% para aramid - 2% antistatic fibers 73.5% meta-aramid - 25% TLCP fibers - 1.5% antistatic fibers 49% meta-aramid - 50% para-aramid -1% antistatic fibers - 66% polyamide-imide - 32% para-aramid - 2% antistatic fibers 45% polyamide-imide - 45% viscose FR - 10% para-aramid including antistatic fibers 40% polybenzimidazole - 58% para-aramid - 2% antistatic fibers 39% polybenzimidazole - 59% para-aramid - 2% antistatic fibers 36% polybenzimidazole - 62% para-aramid - 2% antistatic fibers 39% polybenzoxazole - 59% para-aramid - 2% antistatic fibers 20% polybenzoxazole - 31.5% meta-aramid - 48.5% para-aramid including antistatic fibers
    Further thermal barrier 8
    This insulating layer can consist of non-woven constructions, of weaving constructions or of knitted constructions, with preference being given to a knitted construction, in particular made of aramid. Meta-aramid (for example Nomex®, Conex® ...), para-aramid (for example Kevlar®, Twaron®, Technora®, ...), polyamide-imide (for example Kermel) can be used as materials for this insulation layer. ®), polybenzimidazole (PBI), polybenzoxazole (PBO), wool, viscose FR, carbon, Basofil fibers, and / or blends of these fibers because these are usually spun in a mixture (intimately blended and / or used as fibers)
    The weight of this layer is preferably between 50 g / m2 and 150 g / m2.
    Breathable, waterproof film 2
    This film can be based on various polymers. The most common polymers are polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyester and polyurethane.
    Common materials in the market are films based on: - expanded (micro-porous) polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), usually bi-component films, in other words a layer of polyurethane on a layer of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE); - two layers of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) with a layer of polyurethane in between; - a polyester film in the form of a compact, hydrophilic film; - a polyurethane film in the form of a compact, hydrophilic film; - a polyurethane film in an expanded form (with micro pores).
    Thermal barrier 3 as substrate for the film A possible composition of this fabric is as follows: 89% meta-aramid - 5% para-aramid - 6% polyester - the polyester
    The polyester fibers are wrapped by the aramid fibers, hence the composition can also be specified as follows: 67% meta-aramid - 4% para-aramid - 29% of a filament wrapped by aramid fibers
    This thermal barrier with air ducts has, for example, a weight of 130 g / m2 to 140 g / m2.
    Abrasion-resistant fabric 9 of the inner garment The same materials as for the outer layer can be used for this fabric. However, it preferably also contains viscose FR to promote the moisture absorption of the fabric.
    The fabric is preferably densely woven such that it forms a low permeable protection against ambient air (and the toxic substances contained therein. Due to its abrasion resistance it can withstand frequent washing and the inner garment can also be worn without the outer without being worn out quickly. .
    The fabric preferably has a weight between 165 g / m2 and 230 g / m2.
    Preferred examples are: -195 g / m2 +/- 3% and containing 93% meta-aramid - 5% para-aramid -2% antistatic fibers and - 220 g / m2 +/- 3% and containing 50% meta-aramid including antistatic fibers - 50% viscose FR.
    Test results
    Based on tests carried out on different types of fire brigade intervention clothing that are commercially available, it was found that it is primarily the watertight film of the water barrier that absorbs the most toxic substances. Samples of the various structures were placed in a closed container in which a fire was simulated by burning wood in the container. The rear sides of the samples were covered by folding the samples into an envelope, the sides of which were sealed with adhesive tape.
    The first two build-ups concern four-layer build-up intervention clothing and the last two build-up three-layer build-up intervention clothing. The watertight film locates itself in a different location in the various structures, but always takes up the majority of the toxic substances - in percentage terms this varies from 63% to 82%. The outer layer, on the other hand, only absorbs between 10% and 20%, meaning that 80% to 90% of the toxic substances migrate through the outer layer to the other layers of the intervention clothing.
    The test method used to detect the presence of volatile, semi-volatile (VOC and SVOC) toxic substances and fragrances included the detection of Volatile Organic Components in plastics via TD-GC / MS, which is highly suitable for quickly determining volatile and semi-volatile organic components . Materials are tested for the possible release of volatile, semi-volatile (VOC and SVOC) toxic substances and fragrances to guarantee the safety of end users.
    In a first phase, a thermal extraction is performed according to the VDA-278 method for 30 minutes at 120 ° C. During this extraction, the substances are adsorbed on a Tenax tube - tube with packing material. Thermal desorption is carried out in a second phase. The thermal desorption system in combination with GC-MS offers method-compliant technology for determining (S) VOC collected on absorption tubes (eg Tenax) during emission testing.
    Test methods for Thermal Desorption: ISO-DIS 16000-6 (TD-GC-MS analysis of material emission).
    This technique results in a spectrum of all (semi-) volatile substances that are present on a test material. Each peak in the graph obtained via the thermal extraction GC-MS method has its own mass spectrum. The chemical compound can be identified via this mass spectrum. Only substances with a molecular mass of less than 200 g / mol are completely evaporated, the obtained values can be used as a measure of the concentration. Substances with a molecular mass higher than 200 g / mol do not fully evaporate but the evaporation rate is equivalent to the concentration, hence these values are semi-quantitative extraction values.
    权利要求:
    Claims (17)
    [1]
    CONCLUSIONS
    Flame-resistant protective clothing with an outside and an inside, which protective clothing comprises the following in the direction from the outside to the inside: - a flame-resistant, abrasion-resistant outer layer (1); - a breathable, waterproof film (2); and - a flame-resistant thermal barrier (3) containing a fabric (4) that is locally duplicated to form air cavities (5) between two sub-fabrics (4 ', 4 ") and that has a first, substantially flat side and a second side which is provided with a relief formed by said air cavities (5), characterized in that the breathable, waterproof film (2) is adhered to the flat side of said fabric (4), said flat side facing the outside of the protective clothing is targeted.
    [2]
    Flame-resistant protective clothing according to claim 1, characterized in that said fabric (4) is woven in one piece.
    [3]
    Flame-resistant protective clothing according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said fabric (4) comprises strips (6) with a flat fabric structure with strips (7) between them, where the fabric (4) is doubled to form air ducts (5).
    [4]
    Flame-resistant protective clothing according to claim 3, characterized in that said air ducts (5) have a width (W1) that is included between 2 and 10 mm, preferably between 3 and 8 mm, and that said strips (6) preferably have a width (W2) included between 1 and 10 mm, preferably between 1 and 6 mm.
    [5]
    Flame-resistant protective clothing according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said fabric (4) has a thickness (d) at the location of said air cavities (5) that is comprised between 1 and 6 mm, preferably between 1 and 4 mm.
    [6]
    Flame-resistant protective clothing according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a further flame-resistant thermal barrier (8) is provided between said outer layer (1) and said film (2), in particular comprising a knitted fabric.
    [7]
    Flame-resistant protective clothing according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it is formed by an inner garment (10, 20), which is provided with a closure (12, 22) for being able to be put on and taken off, and by an outer garment (11, 21) attached to the inner garment (10, 20) so as to be able to be worn together with the inner garment (10, 20), which outer garment (11, 21) (1), said film (2) and said thermal barrier (3), wherein the outer garment (11, 21) is releasably attached to the inner garment (10, 20) by means of fasteners (15, 25) provided with to be able to detach the outer garment (11, 21) from the inner garment (10, 20) without having to detach said closure (12, 22) from the inner garment (10, 20).
    [8]
    Flame-resistant protective clothing according to claim 7, characterized in that said closure comprises a zipper (12, 22) which is preferably provided at the front on the inner garment (10, 20) and in that said fastening means comprises at least one further zipper (15, 25) contain.
    [9]
    Flame-resistant protective clothing according to claim 8, characterized in that it comprises a jacket, wherein the inner garment contains an inner jacket (10) and the outer garment an outer jacket (11), said fastening means comprising two further zippers (15) each are provided with said zipper (12) on a different side.
    [10]
    Flame-resistant protective clothing according to claim 9, characterized in that the inner jacket (10) contains a collar (17) and the outer jacket (11) a further collar (18), said further collar (18) being the collar (17) of encloses the inner jacket (10) and is preferably attached thereto by means of Velcro (19).
    [11]
    Flame-resistant protective clothing according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the inner jacket (10) and the outer jacket (11) have a lower edge along which the space between the two jackets (10, 11) is closed by means of a detachable closing means which preferably contains a peelable zipper (16).
    [12]
    Flame-resistant protective clothing according to claim 8, characterized in that it comprises trousers, the inner garment comprising an inner trousers (20) and the outer garment an outer trousers (21), said further zipper (25) along the upper edge of the outer pants (20) are provided to fasten the outer pants (21) to the inner pants (20).
    [13]
    Flame-resistant protective clothing according to one of claims 7 to 12, characterized in that the outer garment (11, 21) covers the inner garment (10, 20) almost completely.
    [14]
    Flame-resistant protective clothing according to one of claims 7 to 13, characterized in that the inner garment (10, 20) is formed by a flame-resistant, abrasion-resistant fabric (9).
    [15]
    Flame-resistant protective clothing according to claim 14, characterized in that said abrasion-resistant fabric (9) is densely woven so that it has an air permeability measured according to DIN EN ISO 9237 at a pressure of 100 Pa, which is lower than 150 l / m2.sec , and preferably lower than 100 l / m2.sec.
    [16]
    Flame-resistant protective clothing according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that said abrasion-resistant fabric (9) has a weight greater than 165 g / m2, preferably greater than 175 g / m2 and more preferably greater than 185 g / m2, wherein the weight of said abrasion-resistant fabric (9) is preferably lower than 230 g / m2.
    [17]
    Flame-resistant protective clothing according to one of claims 7 to 16, characterized in that the fabric (4) of said thermal barrier (3) forms the inside of the outer garment (11, 21).
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