• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A method for operating a harvesting machine (1), in particular a field chopper, wherein the harvesting machine (1) has an attachment (2), in particular a corn header, which has cutting elements (6), conveying elements (5) and feed elements (10), and a Processing device, in particular a chopper, wherein the cutting elements (6) of the attachment (2) serve to separate stalk-like crops, the conveyor elements (5) of the attachment (2) conveying the separated crop in the direction of the feed elements (10) ) of the header (2) serve, wherein the Einspei seelemente (10) serve to convey the separated crop in the direction of the processing device, which is used to process the separated crop, the load on the header (2) is determined, and where when the load on the front attachment (2) is or will be greater than a first limit value, a control-side signal to reduce the Load of the attachment (2) is generated.
    公开号:BE1022979B1
    申请号:E2015/5429
    申请日:2015-07-08
    公开日:2016-10-26
    发明作者:Bernd Valtwies；Sven Bauer；Josef Fischer
    申请人:Claas Saulgau Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Method and control device for operating a harvester
    The invention relates to a method for operating a harvesting machine according to the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a control device for carrying out the method.
    In the case of harvesting machines, a distinction is fundamentally made between those harvesters in which the crop is threshed, and between harvesters in which the crop is chopped. Then, when harvested crops such as wheat, barley or oats or harvested crop rape, harvesters are typically used, which are designed as combine harvester. Then, on the other hand, when corn is to be harvested or sorghum is harvested as crop, forage harvesters are typically used as harvesters. A trained as a combine harvester, in which a crop to be harvested is threshed, has a header with several Mähorganen that cut off the crop under execution of a scissors-like separating cut. On the other hand, a harvester designed as a forage harvester has an attachment designed as a maize header with a plurality of peripherally driven cutting elements for separating the crop.
    From DE 20 2005 005 700 U1, a harvester designed as a forage harvester with a header designed as a corn header is known, wherein the corn header comprises cutting elements, conveying elements and feed elements. The cutting elements of the attachment are driven in rotation and serve to separate stalk-like crops. The conveyor elements of the attachment are also driven in rotation and serve to convey the separated from the cutting elements crop in the direction of the feed elements of the attachment. Furthermore, the feed elements of the attachment, which serve to convey the separated crop in the direction of a processing device, namely a chopper, the forage harvester, driven circumferentially.
    When known from practice forage harvesters all elements of the attachment, so all cutting elements, all conveying elements and all feed elements, driven by a common drive, so that accordingly the cutting elements, the conveying elements and the feed elements of the processing device are driven dependent on each other.
    In order to provide a forage harvester with a compact and inexpensive drive of the cutting elements of the maize header of the forage harvester, it is known from EP 2 407 022 B1 to connect the cutting devices on the drive side respectively to an electric motor associated with the respective cutting device. The cutting elements and the conveying elements of such a maize header are therefore driven by separate drives.
    Attachments of such harvesters have increasingly larger working widths. Harvesting machines already belong to the state of the art and have a working width of more than nine meters. The larger the working width of an attachment of such a harvester, the harder it is for a harvester operator to monitor the entire working width and to detect in a timely manner and counteract possible overloading of the attachment which may cause it to become obstructed To avoid blockage in the area of the attachment. There is therefore a need to relieve the driver of a harvester when monitoring the attachment in order to avoid clogging thereof. EP 1 862 057 A1 discloses an attachment for agricultural harvesting machines for mowing, picking up and passing a stalk-like Erntegutstroms in the intake nip of the feed housing of the further processing harvester, with at least two on both sides of the vertical longitudinal center plane spaced around Hochachsen circumferentially driven mowing and conveying elements, wherein the direction of rotation at least one mowing and conveying element is variable independently of the other mowing and conveying elements of the attachment.
    On this basis, the object of the present invention is to provide a novel method for operating a harvesting machine and a control device for carrying out the method.
    This object is achieved by a method for operating a harvesting machine according to claim 1. According to the invention, the load of the attachment is determined, wherein when the load of the attachment is greater than a first limit or is, automatically a control-side signal for reducing the load of the attachment is generated.
    The invention proposes to determine the load of the header of a harvester and then, when the load thereof is greater than a limit, automatically generate a control signal to reduce the load on the header. The driver of a harvester can be relieved. The risk of blockage in the area of the attachment can be reduced.
    Preferably, when the load of the header of the harvester is greater than the first limit and less than a second threshold, a control-side signal for reducing the load of the header is automatically generated without, however, interrupting a drive connection of the header, whereas if the load of the attachment is greater than a second limit, a control-side signal for interrupting the drive connection of the attachment is automatically generated. This procedure for operating a harvesting machine is particularly preferred. Upon reaching or exceeding the first, lower limit, a control-side action is taken to reduce the load on the attachment. The drive connection of the attachment is not interrupted in this case. If the load of the attachment is thus between the first, lower limit value and the second, upper limit value, then it is possible to continue harvesting at a reduced attachment load. Then, when the load of the attachment reaches or exceeds the second, upper limit, the drive connection of the attachment is interrupted in particular to protect it from damage. This allows a particularly advantageous and effective operation of a harvester.
    According to an advantageous development, the driving speed of the harvesting machine is reduced to reduce the load of the attachment, wherein when the load of the attachment is greater than the first limit is or, the driving speed of the harvester is automatically reduced or a signal for automatically reducing the driving speed the harvester is generated. The load of the attachment is preferably reduced by reducing the travel speed of the harvester. This makes a particularly advantageous operation of the harvester possible.
    According to a further advantageous embodiment, the load of the attachment via a torque detection on the attachment, preferably determined on the conveying elements of the attachment. The torque detection is preferably carried out with the aid of a first overload clutch, which triggers when the first limit value is reached or exceeded without interrupting the drive connection, the torque detection additionally taking place with the aid of a second overload clutch which triggers when the drive connection is interrupted or exceeded when the second limit value is reached. The determination of the load of the attachment via a torque detection on the attachment is particularly preferred, since hereby a safe, reliable and device technology simple determination of the attachment load is possible. In particular, when the conveying elements and cutting elements of the attachment are driven separately, the torque detection takes place on the conveying elements of the attachment. The torque detection is preferably carried out by using at least one overload clutch. Particularly preferably, two separate overload clutches are used, wherein the first overload clutch is used to monitor the first limit value, and wherein the second overload clutch is used to monitor the second limit value. This is then a particularly advantageous operation of a harvester possible with particularly simple means.
    The control device according to the invention is defined in claim 12.
    Preferred embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and the description below. Embodiments of the invention will be described, without being limited thereto, with reference to the drawings. Showing:
    Fig. 1 is a plan view of a corn header of a forage harvester formed as a harvester; and
    Fig. 2 shows a detail of the maize header of Fig. 1 in cross section.
    Fig. 1 shows a trained as a forage harvester 1 harvester.
    The forage harvester 1 comprises a header 2, which is designed as a corn header, and which is coupled to a carrier vehicle 3. Designed as a corn header attachment 2 of the forage harvester 1 is moved from the carrier vehicle 3 for harvesting and serves to separate stalk-like crop such as corn or sorghum and the transport of the separated crop in the direction of a chopper, not shown, which is part of the carrier vehicle 3.
    The attachment 2, namely the maize header, has several mowing and intake units 4, wherein each mowing and intake unit 4 on the one hand about a vertical axis rotating, circumferentially driven cutting elements 6 and on the other hand also about a vertical axis rotating, circumferentially driven conveying elements 5 includes. 2 shows a cross-section through a mowing and intake unit 4, wherein the cutting elements 6 are fastened to a drum-like support structure 7 and the conveying elements 5 are fastened to a drum-like support structure 8. In the area of each mowing and intake unit 4, the cutting elements 6 and the conveying elements 5 of the respective mowing and intake unit 4 are circumferentially drivable around a common vertical axis 9.
    In addition to the cutting elements 6 and the conveying elements 5, the maize header comprises 2 feed elements 10. These feed elements 10 are arranged behind the mowing and intake units 4 as seen in the direction of travel of the forage harvester and serve to transport the separated, stem-like crop in the direction of the chopper plant of the forage harvester. The feed elements 10 are likewise driven in rotation about a vertical axis.
    According to the invention, the load of the header 2 is determined during the harvesting operation of the harvester 1. Then, when the load of the attachment 2 is larger than a first limit value, a control-side signal for reducing the load of the attachment 2 is automatically generated. With the invention, therefore, a driver of the harvester 1 can be actively supported in the monitoring of the attachment 2, in order to avoid overloading of the attachment 2 and thus ultimately clogging caused by an overload.
    According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the monitoring of the load of the attachment 2 takes place in two stages.
    Then, when the load of the header 2 is greater than the first lower limit value and less than a second upper limit value, the control-side signal for reducing the load of the header is automatically generated without, however, interrupting a drive connection of the header 2 , Then, when the load of the attachment 2 is greater than a second limit is or is automatically a control-side signal for interrupting a drive connection of the attachment 2 is generated. This allows an effective operation of a harvester while avoiding obstruction of the attachment and while avoiding the same damage.
    Then, when the load of the header 2 is larger than the first threshold, the load of the header is preferably reduced by reducing the traveling speed of the harvester 1.
    According to a first advantageous development, when the load of the attachment 2 is greater than the first limit value, the travel speed of the harvesting machine 1 is automatically reduced by a control device of the harvesting machine.
    According to a second alternative advantageous development of the invention, when the load of the attachment 2 is greater than the first limit or is, a signal for automated reduction of the driving speed of the harvester 1 is generated, in particular a signal that causes the driver, the driver side reduce the driving speed of the harvester 1. This may be an audible and / or visual warning signal, which automatically generates a control unit of the harvesting machine 1.
    The load of the attachment 2 is preferably determined via a torque detection on the attachment 2. According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the torque detection takes place with the aid of at least one overload clutch, not shown.
    In this case, provision is made, in particular, to carry out the torque detection with the aid of at least one first overload clutch such that the or each first overload clutch triggers when the first limit value is reached or exceeded without interrupting the drive connection for the attachment. With the help of at least one second overload clutch can be monitored whether the torque and thus the load of the attachment reaches or exceeds the second limit, the second overload clutch triggers when reaching or exceeding the second limit and further interrupts the drive connection of the attachment. Overload clutches which trigger upon reaching a torque limit, without interrupting the drive connection or with interrupting the drive connection, are known from the prior art.
    Such overload clutches, which maintain the drive connection upon reaching a given torque limit, may also be referred to as shift measurement clutches. The triggering of such an overload clutch causes the actuation of an electrical switch or a contact, whereby a signal is generated. This signal can be further processed by a control device and / or used to report the achievement of the limit torque.
    By such simply constructed overload clutches can be dispensed with a complex signal transmission, as would be necessary, for example, when using strain gauges to determine the torque. In addition, a measuring arrangement with strain gauges or similar. prone to error and may be affected by debris in harvesting.
    Alternatively, a torque detection on the attachment for determining the load of the same also via a support torque measurement on a co-operating with the attachment 2, not shown gear or take place on a torque measuring shaft, not shown.
    In particular, when the conveying elements 5 of the attachment 2 and the cutting elements 6 of the attachment 2 of the harvester 1 are driven separately via individual drives, the torque detection takes place in that the torque of the conveying elements 5 of the attachment 2 is determined, preferably in the manner described above and manner with at least a first overload clutch and optionally with at least one second overload clutch.
    Additionally or alternatively to the torque detection, the load of the attachment 2 can also be determined via an image processing of a material flow in the attachment 2. In this context, it is possible to optically detect the material flow in the attachment 2 with the aid of at least one camera and to automatically evaluate the image signal optically detected by the or each camera in an image processing system in order to determine the load of the attachment 2 from this.
    Additionally or alternatively, the load of the header 2 can be determined by plant counting of the crop 2 to be cut or conveyed by the header 2. Thus, attachments are already known from practice, which have a feeler for scanning rows of plants to be harvested crop. The signals of the Tastbügel be used in practice to generate steering pulses for an autopilot of the harvester. The measurement signals of the Tastbügel can also be used according to the invention to count over the rows of plants of the crop and thus the harvested plants. The number of counted plants corresponds to the load of the attachment 2.
    As already stated above, the determination of the load of the attachment 2 by means of the image processing or plant counting can be done alternatively or additionally to the torque detection.
    In addition to the torque detection and / or the Gutstromüberwachung means of image processing and / or plant counting and a speed detection on the attachment 2, in particular on the conveying elements 5 of the attachment 2, to determine the load of the attachment 2 are performed. In particular, the torque detection in combination with a speed detection can be used to determine the load of the attachment 2. In this regard, it may be provided that when the torque detected at the attachment is greater than a first, lower torque limit and, further, when the speed determined at the attachment is less than a first, upper speed limit, it is closed is that the load of the attachment 2 is greater than the first limit is or, and then automatically generate a control-side signal to reduce the load on the attachment. Then, if the torque detected on the header is greater than a second, upper torque limit and, further, if the speed determined on the header is less than a second, lower speed limit, it can be concluded that the load on the header 2 is greater than the second limit is then to automatically disconnect the drive connection of the attachment 2.
    Additionally or alternatively, or in conjunction with one or more of the methods described above, the burden of the attachment can also from the
    Thickness of the crop flow in the area behind the mowing and intake units 4 are derived. For this purpose, a rear wall 11 which limits the crop flow conveyed in each case transversely to the direction of travel to the feed elements 10 to the rear, resiliently -. deflectable - can be arranged. The further one or both rear walls 11 are deflected, the greater the crop flow and thus the load on the attachment. When a predetermined deflection path of a rear wall 11, which corresponds to the first load limit, is reached, it can be achieved by a - e.g. positioned accordingly - donors generate a signal to reduce the load. With further increasing deflection of a rear wall 11 and reaching or exceeding the second load limit, a further signal can be generated, which triggers the interruption of the drive connection of the attachment.
    Instead of a rear wall 11, other elements limiting the crop flow, such as e.g. deflectable guide rails, used to measure Erntegutstromdicke. The guide rails or other elements may alternatively be provided to the back wall or walls 11 or in combination with the back wall (s) for measuring crop flow.
    The invention allows automatic support of a driver of a harvester 1. For the header 2 and thus the harvester 1 can achieve a better utilization, which can be reduced by the monitoring of the attachment 2, the number of faults or blockages in the attachment 2. The driver of the harvester 1 is actively relieved by the invention.
    The invention further relates to a control device for operating a harvesting machine, in particular a forage harvester, wherein the control device is used to carry out the method according to the invention. The control device has means for carrying out the method. These means are data interfaces in order to exchange data with the modules involved in carrying out the method according to the invention. As a further means, the control device comprises a processor for data processing and a memory for data storage.
    LIST OF REFERENCES 1 harvester / forage harvester 2 attachment / maize header 3 carrier vehicle 4 mowing and intake unit 5 conveying element 6 cutting element 7 supporting structure 8 supporting structure 9 axis 10 feeding element 11 rear wall
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    claims
    1. A method for operating a harvester (1), in particular a forage harvester, wherein the harvester (1) has a header (2), in particular a corn header, which cutting elements (6), conveying elements (5) and feed elements (10), and a Processing apparatus, in particular a Fläckselwerk, wherein the cutting elements (6) of the attachment (2) serve to separate stalk-like crop, wherein the conveying elements (5) of the attachment (2) for conveying the separated crop in the direction of the feed elements (10) serve the header (2), and wherein the feed elements (10) are used to promote the separated crop in the direction of the processing device, which serves the further processing of the separated crop, the load of the attachment (2) is determined, and then, if the load of the attachment (2) is or becomes greater than a first limit value, automatically a control-side signal for Red uzierung the load of the attachment (2) is generated and the load of the attachment (2) via a torque detection on the attachment (2) is determined, characterized in that the torque detection by means of a first overload clutch takes place when reaching or exceeding the first limit without interrupting the drive connection triggers and the triggering actuates an electrical switch or a contact, whereby a signal is generated, which is further processed by a control device and / or used to report the achievement of the limit torque.
    [2]
    2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that when the load of the attachment (2) is greater than the first limit and less than a second limit is or is automatically a control-side signal to reduce the load on the attachment (2) is generated, and that when the load of the attachment (2) is greater than a second limit or is, automatically a control-side signal for interrupting a drive connection of the attachment (2) is generated.
    [3]
    3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that for reducing the load of the attachment (2), the driving speed of the harvesting machine (1) is reduced.
    [4]
    4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that when the load of the attachment (2) is greater than the first limit or is, the driving speed of the harvester (1) is automatically reduced.
    [5]
    5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that when the load of the attachment (2) is greater than the first limit or is, a signal for automated reduction of the driving speed of the harvester (1) is generated.
    [6]
    6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the torque of the conveying elements (5) of the attachment (2) is determined.
    [7]
    7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the torque detection is additionally carried out with the aid of a second overload clutch, which triggers when reaching or exceeding the second limit value with interruption of the drive connection.
    [8]
    8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the load of the attachment (2) via an image processing of a material flow in the attachment (2) is determined.
    [9]
    9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the load of the attachment (2) via a plant counting of the attachment (2) to be cut and conveyed crop or by the deflection of one or more the crop flow limiting elements (11 ) is determined.
    [10]
    10. Control device for operating a harvesting machine, in particular a forage harvester, characterized in that the same means for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 9.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    DE102014109688A1|2016-01-14|
    BE1022979A1|2016-10-26|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    EP1862057A1|2006-05-30|2007-12-05|Claas Saulgau Gmbh|Attachment device for harvesting stalk crops|
    EP2008508A1|2007-06-27|2008-12-31|CLAAS Selbstfahrende Erntemaschinen GmbH|Harvesting machine with monitoring of cut parts|
    EP2098109A1|2008-01-29|2009-09-09|Deere & Company|Harvesting machine with granulometric sensor|
    DE102008048060A1|2008-09-19|2010-03-25|Claas Selbstfahrende Erntemaschinen Gmbh|Agricultural harvester|
    EP2687080A2|2012-07-20|2014-01-22|CLAAS Hungaria Kft.|Attachment device for harvesting maize|
    DE19921466A1|1999-05-08|2000-11-09|Deere & Co|Device for regulating the speed of advance of a harvesting machine with fuzzy logic|
    DE202005005700U1|2005-04-08|2005-06-30|Claas Saulgau Gmbh|Mowing and conveying device for stalked crop|
    DE102010031363A1|2010-07-15|2012-01-19|Maschinenfabrik Kemper Gmbh & Co. Kg|Machine for harvesting stalk-like plants with an electric motor driven cutting device|
    DE102012105881A1|2012-07-03|2014-05-08|Claas Selbstfahrende Erntemaschinen Gmbh|Self-propelled agricultural machine|DE102017214097A1|2017-01-11|2018-07-12|Deere & Company|Drive system for a header of a harvester with automatic shutdown in case of overload|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102014109688.6A|DE102014109688A1|2014-07-10|2014-07-10|Method and control device for operating a harvester|
    DE102014109688.6|2014-07-10|
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