• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
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    • 专利摘要:
    Jczt/.l Impeller wheel comprising: - a central shaft or a tube (2) for mounting on a shaft; - around the shaft or tube (2) a hollow hub (5) with an outside (9) and an inside (14) directed towards the shaft or tube (2); - a series of vanes (11) mounted with their feet (12) on the outside (9) of the hub (5), characterized in that for each vane (11), or for at least a number of these vanes (11 ), a reinforcing rib (13) is provided which extends radially on the shaft or tube (2) and forms a radial connection between the shaft or tube (2) and the inside (14) of the hub (5) on a position opposite the attachment of the foot (12) of a respective blade (11). Jczt / .l
    公开号:BE1022728B1
    申请号:E2015/0095
    申请日:2015-03-03
    公开日:2016-08-24
    发明作者:Aleksandr Pulnikov；Edwin Emiel Roskam
    申请人:Atlas Copco Airpower,Naamloze Vennootschap；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Paddle wheel and method for manufacturing such a paddle wheel.
    The present invention relates to a paddle wheel, for example a paddle wheel for a centrifugal machine such as a turbocharger, turbine or the like.
    A centrifugal compressor element as used in turbo-compressors consists, as is known, of a paddle wheel rotatably mounted in a housing with an axial inlet and a radial outlet, the paddle wheel being formed by a kind of solid trumpet-shaped hub about the aspirated gas from the axial direction. bending the inlet to the radial direction at the outlet and through vanes mounted on the hub and defining narrowing channels together with the hub and housing through which the gas is passed to compress it.
    The paddle wheel is provided with a central bore for attaching the paddle wheel to a drive shaft.
    It is known that such a paddle wheel is driven at high speeds of several tens of thousands of revolutions per minute, whereby the linear peripheral speed at the outlet of the paddle wheel can reach several hundred meters per second.
    Due to the large centrifugal forces that occur at such high speeds, very large tensions are generated in the blade wheel material.
    These stresses in a paddle wheel with a full solid hub are, however, distributed in a very uneven manner with peaks at the location of the central bore and in the axial direction near the back of the hub, that is to say at the end of the hub with the largest diameter .
    Depending on the geometry of the paddle wheel, the stress gradient may vary, but the majority of the paddle wheel is underloaded with stresses far below the elasticity limit of the material from which the paddle wheel is made, with the disadvantage of an inefficient use of this material and an unnecessary use of this material high mass of the paddle wheel.
    Reducing the mass of the paddle wheel is nevertheless important to keep the natural frequency in bending of the drive shaft on which the screw element is mounted sufficiently high to allow higher speeds of the paddle wheel, which in itself is useful for an energy-efficient operation of a turbocharger.
    Due to a lower mass of the impeller, the bearings of the drive shaft are moreover loaded less, so that when designing a turbocharger, smaller bearings can be opted for, resulting in a lower cost price and / or a more compact compressor element or a drive shaft with a smaller diameter.
    In WO 2013/124314 it is proposed to reduce the mass of the paddle wheel by applying a metal lattice structure in a central part of the hub of the paddle wheel.
    Such a lattice structure as proposed in WO 2013/124314, however, is not optimal for absorbing radially directed centrifugal forces, the lattice structure being unnecessarily strong and rigid unloaded directions, resulting in a certain weight disadvantage.
    U.S. Pat. No. 7,281,901 describes a paddle wheel structure with a hollow hub with internal reinforcements primarily aimed at reducing inertia, but the proposed solutions are not sufficient to ensure a uniform distribution of the paddle stresses bring about.
    Such a uniform voltage distribution could only be achieved with the solution of US 7,281,901 through a carefully balanced dimensioning of the different zones of the impeller. However, no guidance is given in US 7,281,901 on how to achieve such a balance.
    On the other hand, the internal reinforcements as proposed in US 7,281,901 do not take into account the geometry of the blades that causes stress concentrations to occur in the hub of the blade wheel. To be able to absorb these stress concentrations, the hub must be made thicker, which leads to increased stresses in other areas of the impeller.
    Consequently, there is still a need for a paddle wheel structure with better utilization of the material and as a result with a smaller mass.
    The present invention has for its object to provide a solution to one or more of the aforementioned and other disadvantages with respect to known designs of a paddle wheel as described in the aforementioned WO 2013/124314 and US 7,281,901.
    To this end the invention relates to a paddle wheel comprising: - a central shaft or a tube for mounting on a shaft; - around the shaft a hollow hub with an outside and an inside facing towards the shaft or tube; - a series of vanes mounted with their feet on the outside of the hub, wherein for each vane, or for at least some of these vanes, a reinforcing rib is provided which extends radially on the shaft or tube and a radial forms a connection between the shaft or tube and the inside of the hub at a location opposite the attachment of the foot of a respective blade.
    Thus, reinforcement ribs are provided which, as it were, extend as radial spokes in line with the blades and, by virtue of their radial orientation, absorb the radial centrifugal forces exerted by the blades on the hub via the blades' feet.
    This contributes to relieving the hub in the direction of the central ligal forces that make up the main load of the hub, utilizing the full mass of these reinforcement ribs to drain the stresses in the hub to the axis or tube of the impeller without that there is dead mass in the hub that does not contribute to the strength of the paddle wheel.
    Preferably, a reinforcement rib is provided for each blade.
    This helps ensure that the stresses in the hub due to the centrifugal forces are distributed in a very uniform manner over the material of the hub.
    Preferably, the location of the head of the reinforcement ribs on the inside of the hub is within the footprint of a corresponding blade on this inside.
    The positive effect of the reinforcement ribs on the uniform distribution of the stresses is maximal when the aforementioned location of implantation of the reinforcement ribs within the footprint of a corresponding blade is shifted slightly laterally with respect to the center line of this footprint, preferably in one direction against the direction of rotation for which the paddle wheel is intended.
    An even more uniform stress distribution can be obtained by varying the thickness of the material in certain ways, for example in the hub, in the back wall, in the shaft or tube and / or in the reinforcement ribs.
    In particular, the invention applies to a centrifugal-type paddle wheel.
    The invention also applies to a blade wheel of the closed type, wherein the blades are not only attached to the hub, but wherein a sheath is provided around the blades that also connect the blades to each other at their apex.
    The present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a paddle wheel, which method comprises the following steps: - providing a shaft or tube; - providing a back wall on the shaft or tube; - providing a hollow hub with blades on the outside of this hub; - providing a reinforcing rib for each vane or for at least a number of these vanes, which reinforcing ribs extend radially on the shaft or tube and form a radial connection between the shaft or tube and the inside of the hub at a location opposite the attachment of the foot of a relevant blade.
    With the insight to better demonstrate the characteristics of the invention, a preferred embodiment of a paddle wheel according to the invention and of a method of manufacturing such a paddle wheel is described below, with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein: figure 1 schematically and in perspective represents a paddle wheel according to the invention with partial omission of a sector; Figure 2 shows a different perspective view of the paddle wheel of Figure 1, but with a stepwise omission of a sector; Figure 3 shows yet another perspective view of a truncated portion of a paddle wheel according to the invention; figure 4 represents a section along the curved line IV-IV in figure 1; and, figure 5 represents a variant of a paddle wheel according to figure 1.
    The paddle wheel 1 shown in Figs. 1 to 3 is, for example, a paddle wheel of a centrifugal compressor element.
    The paddle wheel 1 comprises a central tube 2 with which the paddle wheel 1 can be mounted on an axis not shown in the figures for driving around the geometric center line X-X 'of the tube 2 in the housing of the compressor element.
    Provided on the tube 2 near one end 3 is a radially extending back wall 4 which in the case of the example shown is substantially disc-shaped.
    On one side of the back wall 4, the paddle wheel 1 comprises a hollow trumpet-shaped hub 5 extending around the tube 2 which connects with its end 6 with the largest diameter to the back wall 4 and with its other end 7 with the smallest diameter connects to the other end 8 of the tube 2.
    The outer surface 9 of the hub 5 changes smoothly from a substantially axial direction X-X 'at the end 7 to a substantially radial direction at the end 6.
    A hollow space 10 is enclosed between the hub 5, the tube 2 and the back wall 4.
    In a known manner, the hub 5 is provided with a series of curved blades 11 which are fixed with their feet 12 on the hub 5.
    In the example shown, two sets of vanes are provided, namely main vanes 11a, on the one hand, which extend over a certain length from the axially directed end 7 of the hub 5 to the radially directed end 6 of the hub 5 and so-called splitter vanes 11b, on the other hand extending between the main vanes 11a over a shorter length, starting at an axial distance from the end 7 of the hub 5 to the end 6 of the hub 5.
    However, the invention is not limited to two sets of vanes 11, but is also applicable to any number of sets of vanes 11, wherein, for example, no splitting vanes 11b are present or, on the contrary, several sets of splitting vanes 11b can be provided.
    According to the invention, reinforcement ribs 13 are provided in the hollow space 10 of the hub 5. The number of which is preferably equal to the number of blades 11, wherein for each blade 11 a reinforcement rib 13 is provided which extends radially with respect to tube 2 in line with the base 12 of the relevant blade 11.
    The reinforcing ribs 13 form a connection between the inside 14 of the hub 5 and the tube 2, the reinforcing ribs 13 being connected with their feet 15 to the tube 2 and with their heads 16 connected to the inside of the hub 5 at a location opposite the attachment of the foot 12 of a corresponding blade 11, more particularly within the contour of the footprint 17 of a corresponding blade 11 on the inner side 14 of the hub 5 and over substantially the full length of this footprint, as shown in the section along the head 16 of a reinforcing rib 13 in Figure 4.
    Preferably, the aforementioned location of implantation of the head 16 of the reinforcing ribs 13 within the footprint 17 of a corresponding vane 11 is slightly shifted laterally along with the direction of rotation A for which the vane wheel 1 is intended as shown in Figure 4.
    The reinforcement ribs 13 are preferably also connected along an edge 18 over their height to the back wall 4.
    Since the reinforcement ribs 13 are oriented radially, they are aligned with the centrifugal forces that occur and they limit the deformations of the hub 5 in the radial direction.
    The reinforcement ribs 13 are mainly subjected to tensile stress, the entire mass of the reinforcement ribs 13 being used to divert part of the stresses from the hub 5 to the tube 2 and possibly also to the back wall 4 and thus into the hollow space. 10 of the hub 5 has no or virtually no dead mass, in other words no unloaded mass, which does not contribute to the strength of the paddle wheel in the radial direction.
    The foregoing in no way assumes that the thickness of the reinforcement ribs 13 must correspond to the thickness of the blades 11. In reality, the thickness of the reinforcement ribs 13 may change over the length and height of the reinforcement ribs 13, knowing that the hub 5 is in zones on greater radial distance of the tube 2 is exposed to greater centrifugal forces than zones at a shorter distance and that as a result these zones are subject to greater deformations and stresses.
    By a suitable choice of a thickness gradient, it is possible to obtain a substantially uniform stress distribution in the blade wheel 1.
    Preferably, the thickness of the hub 5 increases in the axial direction from the smallest diameter end 7 to the largest diameter end 6 and has a thickening at the level of the connection with the back wall 4.
    The thickness of the back wall 4 preferably increases in the radial direction towards the connection with the tube 2.
    The thickness of the reinforcing ribs is preferably increasing towards the connection with the back wall 4 and / or towards the connection with the tube 2.
    The connections between the reinforcement ribs 13 and the rest of the paddle wheel 1 are preferably rounded off in order to avoid stress concentrations.
    It should be noted that the aforementioned thickness gradients of the hub 5, of the back wall 4, of the tube 2 and of the reinforcement ribs 13 do not necessarily have to be used together but can also be applied individually or in combination to a paddle wheel 1.
    In the case of a small number of vanes 11, it is not excluded to provide additional intermediate reinforcing ribs not shown in the figures between the reinforcing ribs 13 extending radially in line with the vanes 11.
    This allows the hub to be made thinner than without these intermediate reinforcement ribs.
    The thickness of the intermediate reinforcement ribs can be different from the thickness of the reinforcement ribs 13 in line with the blades 11.
    The number of reinforcing ribs 13 is preferably an integer multiple of the number of blades 11.
    As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the paddle wheel 1 can be provided with a solid ring 19 at the end 7 of the hub 5 in order to be able to balance the paddle wheel 1 by locally removing material from the ring 19, for example by drilling holes. .
    A paddle wheel according to the invention as described above is preferably manufactured by applying a so-called additive manufacturing method in which materials are combined to make objects based on a digital 3D model, the object usually being built up layer after layer, in contrast to subtractive manufacturing methods. with removal of material as described in the standard ASTM F2792 - 12a.
    Additive manufacturing refers to a category of manufacturing methods, for example by powder bed fusion (Powder Bed Fusion) where thermal energy is used to selectively fuse certain regions in a powder bed or by direct energy deposition (Direct Energy Deposition) where bundled thermal energy is used to produce materials. melt while they are being deposited.
    Within the category of powder bed fusion there are a number of technologies such as Electron Beam Melting (Electron Beam Melting), whereby powder material is melted by the use of an electron beam; Selective Laser Melting (Selective Laser Melting), in which powder material is melted by means of a laser; selective laser sintering (Selective Laser Sintering), in which powder material is sintered using a laser. The direct energy deposition category includes the technology of laser cladding (Laser Cladding).
    For the production of a paddle wheel according to the invention, metal or ceramic material or polymer or fiber-reinforced polymer or any combination of these materials can be used.
    The method according to the invention may comprise the step of providing holes 20 in the tube 2 which form a connection between the hollow space 10 of the hub 5 and the environment with the intention of being able to remove excess, non-molten powder from the space 10 evacuate.
    The holes 20 are preferably provided at the front end 8 of the tube 2, in other words at the end 8 that is furthest away from the back wall 4.
    These holes can be sealed after removing the excess powder or other material.
    In case the removal of powder is not required, for example in the case of laser coating, the holes 20 in the tube 2 can be omitted.
    The proposed type of reinforcement ribs 13 is also applicable to a paddle wheel 1 wherein around the hub 5 with paddles 11 a sheath 21 is provided which connects the paddles 11 at their top as shown in figure 5.
    It is clear that instead of a tube 2 a full shaft can also be used, whether or not provided with holes for removing powder from the space 10.
    The present invention is by no means limited to the embodiment of a paddle wheel described as an example and shown in the figures, but such a paddle wheel and a method for manufacturing such a paddle wheel can be realized according to different variants without departing from the scope of the invention.
    权利要求:
    Claims (24)
    [1]
    Conclusions.
    1. - Paddle wheel comprising: - a central shaft or a tube (2) for mounting on a shaft; - around the shaft or tube (2) a hollow hub (5) with an outside (9) and an inside (14) directed towards the shaft or tube (2); - a series of vanes (11) mounted with their feet (12) on the outside (9) of the hub (5), characterized in that for each vane (11), or for at least a number of these vanes (11 ), a reinforcing rib (13) is provided which extends radially on the shaft or tube (2) and forms a radial connection between the shaft or tube (2) and the inside (14) of the hub (5) on a position opposite the attachment of the foot (12) of a respective blade (11).
    [2]
    The paddle wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that a reinforcing rib (13) is provided for each paddle (11).
    [3]
    The paddle wheel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the reinforcement ribs (13) extend over the full length of the foot (12) of a respective paddle (11).
    [4]
    The paddle wheel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the location of the head (16) of the reinforcing ribs (13) on the inside (14) of the hub (5) is located within the footprint (17) of a corresponding blade (11) on this inside (14).
    [5]
    The paddle wheel according to claim 4, characterized in that the aforementioned location of implantation of the reinforcement ribs (13) is located within the footprint (17) of a corresponding blade (11) and is slightly shifted laterally within this footprint (17).
    [6]
    The paddle wheel according to claim 5, characterized in that the location of implantation of the reinforcing ribs (13) within the footprint (17) of a corresponding paddle (11) is laterally shifted in the direction of rotation (A) for which the paddle wheel (1) is intended.
    [7]
    The paddle wheel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the paddle wheel (1) is a centrifugal paddle wheel whose hub (5) increases in diameter in the direction from one end (7) to the other end (6), wherein at the end (6) with the largest diameter transverse to the shaft or tube (2) a back wall (4) is provided which at least partially closes the hollow space (10) of the hub (5) and wherein the reinforcement ribs (13) are directly are connected to this back wall (4).
    [8]
    The paddle wheel according to claim 7, characterized in that the thickness of the back wall (4) increases in radial direction towards the shaft or tube (2).
    [9]
    The paddle wheel according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the thickness of the hub (5) to which the paddles (11) are mounted increases in axial direction (X-X ') towards the back wall (4).
    [10]
    The paddle wheel according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the thickness of the reinforcing ribs (13) increases towards the connection with the back wall (4) and / or towards the connection with the shaft or tube (2) .
    [11]
    The paddle wheel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a reinforcing rib (13) is provided for each paddle (11) and one or more intermediate reinforcing ribs are also provided between each pair of paddles (11).
    [12]
    The paddle wheel according to claim 11, characterized in that the number of intermediate reinforcement ribs is equal to the number of blades (11) or is an integer multiple thereof.
    [13]
    The paddle wheel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shaft or tube (2) is provided with holes (20) which form a connection between the hollow space (10) of the hub (5) and the environment.
    [14]
    The paddle wheel according to claim 13, characterized in that the aforementioned holes (20) are sealed in the shaft or tube (20).
    [15]
    The paddle wheel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a jacket (21) is provided around the hub (5) with blades (11) which connects the blades (11) to each other at their heads.
    [16]
    The paddle wheel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the attachments between the reinforcing ribs (13) and the rest of the paddle wheel (1) are rounded.
    [17]
    17. - Turbocharger, characterized in that it is provided with a paddle wheel (1) according to one of the preceding claims.
    [18]
    18. - Method for manufacturing a paddle wheel, characterized in that this method comprises the following steps: - providing a shaft or tube (2); - providing a back wall (4) on the shaft or tube (2); - providing a hollow hub (5) with blades (11) on the outside (9) of this hub (5); - providing a reinforcing rib (13) for each vane (11) or for at least a number of these vanes (11), which reinforcing ribs (13) extend radially on the shaft or tube (2) and form a radial connection between the shaft or tube (2) and the inside (14) of the hub (5) at a location opposite the attachment of the foot (17) of a respective blade (11) -
    [19]
    Method according to claim 18, characterized in that the aforementioned steps of the method are carried out by means of an additive manufacturing method.
    [20]
    Method according to claim 19, characterized in that this method comprises the step of fusing powder material by means of a laser or by focusing an electron beam.
    [21]
    Method according to claim 20, characterized in that the fusion step comprises the step of at least partially melting or sintering the powder material.
    [22]
    Method according to one of claims 18 to 21, characterized in that the method further comprises the step of providing one or more holes (20) in the shaft or tube (2) for connecting the hollow space (10) of the hub (5) with the environment.
    [23]
    Method according to claim 22, characterized in that the method further comprises the step of removing excess powder material or other undesirable materials from the hollow space (10) of the hub (5) via the aforementioned one or more holes (20).
    [24]
    The method according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that the method provides a step to close the one or more holes (20).
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US62/113.580|2015-02-09|PCT/BE2016/000007| WO2016127225A1|2015-02-09|2016-02-01|Impeller and method for manufacturing such an impeller|
    CN201680009409.7A| CN107250553A|2015-02-09|2016-02-01|The method of impeller and this impeller of manufacture|
    US15/549,482| US11098728B2|2015-02-09|2016-02-01|Impeller and method for producing such an impeller|
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