• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Method for operating a forage harvester (1), the forage harvester having an attachment (2) carried by a carrier vehicle (3) for separating and / or picking up stem-like crops, a processing device (4) for further processing the crops, and an ejection spout ( 9) for ejecting the further processed crop, the processing device (4) having a chopping unit (5), downstream of the chopping unit (5) a guide element (6), downstream of the guide element (6) a conditioning and / or guide device (7) ) and downstream of the conditioning and / or guiding device (7) has a post-accelerator (8), with an actual transport speed inside and / or downstream of the processing device (4) with the aid of at least one sensor (21, 22, 23) of the separated and further processed crop is determined, and the forage harvester is operated as a function of the actual transport speed of the crop.
    公开号:BE1022629B1
    申请号:E2015/5031
    申请日:2015-01-21
    公开日:2016-06-20
    发明作者:Stefan Birkhofer；Mathias Schmitt；Stefan Loebe；Ingo Bönig；Peter Kajtar
    申请人:Claas Saulgau Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Method and control system for operating a forage harvester and forage harvester
    The invention relates to a method for operating a forage harvester according to the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a control system for operating a forage harvester and a forage harvester.
    In the case of harvesting machines, a distinction is fundamentally made between those harvesters in which the crop is threshed, and between harvesters in which the crop is chopped. Then, when harvested crops such as wheat, barley or oats or harvested crop rape, harvesters are typically used, which are designed as combine harvester. Then, on the other hand, when corn is to be harvested or sorghum is harvested as crop, forage harvesters are typically used as harvesters. Forage harvesters can also be used when harvesting grass.
    A trained as a combine harvester, in which a crop to be harvested is threshed, has a header with several Mähorganen that typically cut off the crop under execution of a scissors-like separating cut. On the other hand, a harvester designed as a forage harvester has an attachment designed as a maize header with several mowing and intake elements typically driven in a rotating manner for separating the crop.
    From DE 10 2012 104 525 A1 and DE 195 32 290 C2 each forage harvester are known, which have a header for separating crop and a recorded by the carrier vehicle processing device for further processing of the separated crop. The forage harvesters known from this state of the art furthermore have an ejection manifold for ejecting the separated and further processed crop.
    Furthermore, it is known from this prior art that the processing apparatus, which is positioned downstream of the header, a chopping unit, downstream of the chaff, a guide element, downstream of the guide element a
    Conditioning and / or guide means and downstream of the conditioning and / or guide means comprises a Nachbeschleuniger. The chopper plant, which comprises a chopper drum with several chopping knives, which cooperate with a counter knife, is used for chopping the separated crop. The chopped crop can be guided in the direction of the conditioning and / or guiding device via the guide element, wherein when the maize is harvested as crop, the conditioning and / or guiding device is designed as a so-called grain cracker, whereas when grass is harvested, the conditioning and / or guide device is designed as a so-called grass shaft. A grain cracker is primarily used for breaking corn kernels, whereas a grass shaft is used exclusively for transporting the grass towards the post-accelerator.
    In particular in the area of the chopper plant and the postaccelerator, and when the conditioning and / or guiding device is designed, for example, as a grain cracker, the harvesting and breaking up of the crop and the transport of the same energy are introduced into the crop. Here, it is important that an optimal crop flow of the crop is ensured by the processing equipment as well as by the discharge chute positioned downstream of the processing equipment, for example to avoid a blockage. To avoid a Stopfers relatively much energy is introduced into the crop to ensure a high conveying speed of the same. However, unnecessarily high conveying speeds lead to an increased energy consumption of the forage harvester.
    There is a need for a method for operating a forage harvester, by means of which, while avoiding unnecessarily high energy consumption, an optimal crop flow of the crop through the processing equipment and through the discharge chute can be ensured.
    On this basis, the present invention has the object to provide a novel method for operating a forage harvester, a control system for operating a forage harvester and a forage harvester.
    This object is achieved by a method for operating a forage harvester according to claim 1.
    According to the invention, an actual transport speed of the separated and further processed crop is determined inside and / or downstream of the processing device with the aid of at least one sensor, wherein the forage harvester is operated depending on the actual transport speed of the crop.
    Then, when the actual transport speed of the crop is determined within and / or downstream of the processing equipment, the forage harvester can be operated based on this actual transport speed to ensure optimum crop flow through the processing equipment and the discharge chute with optimum energy consumption. Preferably, the actual transport speed of the separated and further processed crop is determined at least in the region of the processing device, in particular in the region of a guide element thereof, and preferably additionally downstream of the processing device in the area of the discharge chute. These measuring positions are particularly suitable for determining the actual transport speed in order to influence the operation of the forage harvester depending on the actual transport speed.
    According to an advantageous development, an actual transport speed of the separated and further processed crop in the region of the guide element is determined within the processing device with the aid of a sensor positioned in the region of the guide element upstream of the conditioning and / or guide device. Preferably, on the basis of the transport speed of the separated and further processed crop in the region of the guide element, a rotational speed of a chopper drum of the chopper and / or a distance between the chopper drum and a drum plate positioned in particular below the chopper drum are adjusted.
    This makes it possible to adjust the operation of the chaff to the transport speed of the crop in the region of the guide. It is also possible to adapt the operation of the post-accelerator and / or the conditioning and / or guide device and / or the curvature of the discharge elbow as a function of the transport speed of the crop in the region of the guide element.
    According to a further advantageous development, at least one actual transport speed of the separated and further processed crop in the region of the discharge chute is determined downstream of the processing device in the region of the discharge chute with the aid of at least one sensor positioned in the region of the discharge chute. Preferably, a rotational speed of a rotor of the post-accelerator and / or a distance between the rotor of the post-accelerator and a stator thereof and / or a curvature of the discharge elbow are adjusted on the basis of the or each transport speed of the separated and further processed crop in the region of the discharge elbow.
    This makes it possible to optimally adapt the operation of the post-accelerator and / or the curvature of the discharge elbow to the transport speed of the crop in the area of the discharge elbow. On the basis of the transport speed of the crop in the area of the chute, the operation of the chopper can be adjusted.
    Then, when the conditioning and / or guide means comprises rotating conditioning rollers, based on the or each transport speed of the separated and further processed crop in the region of the discharge chute further a speed of the conditioning rollers and / or a distance between the conditioning rollers can be adjusted. Hereby, the operation of the forage harvester can be further improved.
    The control system according to the invention is claim 9 and the forage harvester according to the invention is defined in claim 15.
    Preferred embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and the description below. Embodiments of the invention will be described, without being limited thereto, with reference to the drawings. Showing:
    Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a forage harvester; and
    FIG. 2 is a schematic detail of the forage harvester of FIG. 1. FIG.
    Fig. 1 shows a trained as a forage harvester 1 harvester.
    The forage harvester 1 comprises an attachment 2, which is coupled to a carrier vehicle 3 and is moved away from the carrier vehicle 3 for harvesting work. The header 2 is preferably a so-called corn header for separating and picking up stem-like crops such as corn or sorghum. The attachment 2 has not shown mowing and intake units, each mowing and intake unit having a plurality of rotatable about a vertical axis, circumferentially driven Mähorgane and conveying members. The separated by means of the attachment 2 crop is processed by a processing device 4 of the forage harvester 1. The processing device 4 comprises a chopping unit 5, a guide element 6 arranged downstream of the chopping unit 5, a conditioning and / or guide device 7 positioned downstream of the guide element 6, and a post-accelerator 8 positioned downstream of the conditioning and / or guide device 7 the assemblies of the processing device 4 in greater detail. The crop leaving the processing apparatus 4 can be ejected from the forage harvester 1 via an ejection manifold 9, for example in the direction of a vehicle traveling alongside the forage harvester, which serves to receive the harvested crop.
    The chopper 5 of the processing device 4 comprises a rotor-side chopper drum 10 and arranged below the chopper drum 10, stator-side drum plate 11. The chopper drum 10 carries a plurality of chopping blades 12, which serve in cooperation with a fixed, stator-side counter knife 13 the chopping of the crop. About pre-press rollers 14, 15, the crop is starting from the header 2 in the direction of the chopper 5 conveyed.
    Downstream of the chopper plant 5, the guide element 6 is positioned, which is a stator-side component and essentially serves for transporting or guiding the crop chopped in the region of the chopper plant 5 in the direction of the conditioning and / or guide device 7. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the conditioning and / or guide device 7 comprises rotor-side conditioning rollers 16, which serve to separate corn kernels. Such a conditioning and / or guide device 7 is used when the forage harvester 1 is used for harvesting maize, wherein such a conditioning and / or guiding device 7 is also referred to as a grain cracker. Then, when the forage harvester is used to harvest grass, such a grain cracker is replaced by a so-called grass shaft, which merely serves to guide the grass in the direction of the post-accelerator 8. The post-accelerator 8 comprises a rotor 17 and a stator 18. The post-accelerator 8 serves, in particular, to introduce kinetic energy into the crop, in order to convey the same with sufficient transport speed through the discharge chute 9. The spout 9 has an upstream end 19 and a downstream end 20, the spout 9 having a curved contour between these two ends 19, 20.
    In order to operate such a forage harvester 1 with regard to an optimal crop flow of the crop and with regard to minimal energy consumption, it is proposed according to the invention to provide an actual within the processing device 4 and / or downstream of the processing device 4 by means of at least one sensor 21, 22, 23 To determine transport speed of the separated and further processed crop in the region of the respective sensor, and depending on the forage harvester 1 to operate.
    In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 and 2, the actual transport speed of the separated crop is at least within the processing unit 4 and preferably additionally downstream of the processing device 4 by means of at least one sensor 21 or 22, 23 determinable, in which case the forage harvester 1 depending on these Transport speeds is operated.
    1 and 2, an actual transport speed of the separated and further processed crop in the region of a stromabwär-term end of the guide element 6 is determined within the processing device 4 by means of a positioned in the region of the guide element 6 sensor 21 upstream of the conditioning and / or guide device 7 ,
    On the basis of this transport speed of the separated and further processed crop in the region of the guide element 6, preferably a rotational speed of the chopper drum 10 of the chopper 5 and / or a distance between the chopper drum 10 and the drum plate 11 positioned below it are adjusted.
    By increasing the rotational speed of the chopper drum 10, the crop in the area of the chopper 5 is accelerated more. Also, by narrowing the distance between the chopper drum 10 and the drum 11, the speed of the crop is increased. By increasing the gap between the chopper drum 10 and the drum 11, the speed of the crop is reduced.
    Preferably, the distance between the chopper drum 10 and the drum plate 11 is changed in that the drum plate 11 is displaced in the direction of the double arrow 24 relative to the stationary axis of rotation of the chopper drum 10. In particular, it is provided that a displacement of the guide element 6 is coupled to the displacement of the drum plate 11. The downstream of the drum plate 11 arranged and adjoining the drum plate 11 guide element 6 thus follows to some extent the displacement of the drum plate eleventh
    The actual transport speed of the crop detected with the aid of the sensor 21 in the region of the guide element 6 accordingly serves, in particular, to adapt the operation of the chopper plant 5. However, it is also possible to adjust the operation of the post-accelerator 8 and / or the curvature of the discharge chute 9 and / or the operation of the conditioning and / or guide device 7 on the basis of the transport speed of the crop determined with the aid of the sensor 21.
    Then, if the actual transport speed of the crop in the region of a downstream end of the guide element 6 is too high, preferably the axis of rotation of the chopper drum 10 is reduced and / or the distance between the chopper drum 10 and the drum plate 11 is increased.
    Then, if the actual transport speed of the crop in the region of a downstream end of the guide element 6 is too low, preferably the axis of rotation of the chopper drum 10 is increased and / or the distance between the chopper drum 10 and the drum plate 11 is reduced.
    It is also possible that when the actual transport speed of the crop in the region of a downstream end of the guide element 6 is too high, the rotational speed of the rotor 17 of the post-accelerator 8 is reduced.
    In the exemplary embodiment shown, at least one actual transport speed of the separated and further processed crop in the region of the discharge chute 9 is determined downstream of the processing device 4 in the region of the discharge chute 9 with the aid of at least one sensor 22, 23 positioned in the region of the discharge chute 9.
    It is provided in FIG. 1 in the illustrated embodiment, with the aid of a sensor 22 which is positioned in the region of the maximum curvature of the discharge chute 9, and with the aid of a sensor 23 positioned at the downstream end 20 of the discharge chute 9 two actual transport speeds of the separated and further processed To determine crop in the discharge chute 9 and depending on the operation of the forage harvester 1 to influence.
    Based on the or each transport speed of the separated and further processed crop in the region of the discharge chute 9, which is determined by means of the sensor 22 and / or 23, is provided in particular, a rotational speed of the rotor 17 of the Nachbeschleunigers 8 and / or a distance between the rotor 17 of the post-accelerator 8 and the stator 18 thereof and / or to adjust a curvature of the discharge chute 9.
    The distance between the rotor 17 and the stator 18 of the postaccelerator 8 can be adjusted in particular by the axis of rotation of the rotor 17 of the postaccelerator 8 being changed relative to the stator 18 in the sense of the double arrow 25.
    The curvature of the discharge elbow 9 can be changed by means of an actuator 26, for example designed as a hydraulic cylinder, by raising or lowering the discharge elbow 9 via the actuator 26 in the direction of the double arrow 27.
    Then, if the processing device 4 has a conditioning and / or guide device 7 with rotating conditioning rollers 16, ie a conditioning and / or guide device configured as a grain cracker, for example, based on the or each transport speed of the crop in the area of the discharge chute 9 is detected by means of the sensor 22 and / or 23, also a speed of the conditioning rollers 16 and / or a distance between the conditioning rollers 16 are adjusted, wherein according to FIG. 2, the distance between the conditioning rollers 16 can be adjusted by the fact that the axis of rotation at least one of these conditioning rollers 16 is displaced in the direction of the double arrow 26 shown in FIG. 2 relative to the other conditioning roller 16.
    In the preferred embodiment shown, therefore, an actual transport speed of the crop is determined at three positions, namely at a position within the processing device 4 and at two positions downstream of the processing device 4 in the region of the discharge chute 9, and depending on this, the operation of the forage harvester 1 is influenced, namely in that on the basis of the detected, actual transport speeds of the crop, the rotational speed of the cutterhead 10 of the chopper 5 and / or a distance between the cutterhead 5 and the below positioned drum plate 11 and / or the speed of the rotor 17 of the Nachbeschleunigers 8 and / or the distance between the rotor 17 of the post-accelerator 8 and the stator 18 thereof and / or the curvature of the discharge elbow 9 and, if necessary, the speed of the conditioning rollers 16 and / or a distance between the conditioning rollers 16 is adjusted.
    Then, when the speed of the crop in the region of the sensor 21, ie at the downstream end of the guide element 6, is too low, preferably the crop in the area of the chopper 5 is accelerated more, in particular by increasing the speed of the chopper drum 10 and / or by reducing the gap between the cutterhead 10 and the drum plate 11th
    Furthermore, it can be provided that when the speed in the region of the sensor 21, ie at the downstream end of the baffle 6 is too high, the rotational speed of the rotor 17 of the post-accelerator 8 is reduced. Likewise, in this case, the axis of rotation of the rotor 17 of the post-accelerator 8 can be displaced relative to the stator 18 in such a way that less acceleration energy is introduced into the crop in the region of the post-accelerator 8.
    Then, if in the region of the sensors 22 and / or 23, ie in the region of the discharge elbow 9, the transport speed of the crop is too high, in particular the rotational speed of the rotor 17 of the Nachbeschleunigers 8 reduced and / or the rotor 17 relative to the stator 18 of Nachbeschleunigers 8 shifted so that less acceleration energy is entered into the crop in the post-accelerator 8. Then, if in the region of the sensors 22 and / or 23, ie in the region of the discharge chute 9, the transport speed of the crop is too low, in particular the rotational speed of the rotor 17 of the Nachbeschleunigers 8 increases and / or the rotor 17 relative to the stator 18 of the Nachbeschleunigers 8 shifted so that more acceleration energy is entered into the crop in the post-accelerator 8. Then, if in the region of the sensors 22 and / or 23, ie in the region of the discharge chute 9, the transport speed of the crop is too high, it is also possible, the energy input in the field of chopping 5 and / or in the conditioning and / or guide device 7 to reduce.
    In any case, the influence of the chaff 5, the Nachbeschleunigers 8, the discharge chute 9 and possibly the conditioning and / or guide device 7 depending on the actual transport speeds of the crop takes place such that an optimal crop flow of the crop with the lowest possible energy consumption of the forage harvester. 1 is guaranteed.
    The invention further relates to a control system for carrying out the method described above, wherein the control system comprises at least one sensor, in the illustrated embodiment, the three sensors 21, 22 and 23, which are positioned at the above-described positions in the forage harvester 1.
    An unillustrated controller of the control system influences the operation of the chopper 5 and / or the operation of the post accelerator 8 and / or the curvature of the discharge chute 9 and / or the operation of the conditioners based on the detected actual transport speeds of the crop in the processing apparatus 4 and downstream thereof - And / or guide device 7 in the manner described above. This is done fully automatically.
    Radar sensors and / or laser sensors and / or near-infrared spectroscopy sensors, which are also referred to as NIR sensors, can be used as sensors 21, 22 and 23. Furthermore, it is also possible to determine the speed of the crop by means of a camera with image analysis. For this purpose, a particle of the crop is tracked in the successive images of a camera and from the frame rate and the distance traveled its speed can be calculated. Preferably, a high-speed camera is used.
    Furthermore, the invention relates to a forage harvester 1 with such a control system.
    REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 forage harvester 2 attachment 3 carrier vehicle 4 processing unit 5 chopper 6 guide element 7 conditioning and / or guide device 8 post-accelerator 9 discharge chute 10 chopper drum 11 chaff plate 12 chopper knife 13 counter knife 14 pre-press roller 15 pre-press roller 16 conditioning roller 17 rotor 18 stator 19 end 20 end 21 sensor 22 sensor 23 Sensor 24 Double Arrow 25 Double Arrow 26 Double Arrow 27 Double Arrow
    权利要求:
    Claims (14)
    [1]
    claims
    A method of operating a forage harvester (1), wherein the forage harvester is a header (2) carried by a carrier vehicle (3) for separating and / or picking up stalk-like crops, a processing device (4) for further processing the crop, and an ejector ( 9) for ejecting the further processed crop, wherein the processing device (4) a chopper (5), downstream of the chaff (5) a guide element (6), downstream of the guide element (6) a conditioning and / or guide device (7) and downstream of the conditioning and / or guide device (7) has a Nachbeschleuniger (8), wherein within and / or downstream of the processing device (4) by means of at least one sensor (21, 22, 23) determines an actual transport speed of the separated and further processed crop and that the forage harvester is operated depending on the actual transport speed of the crop Rd, characterized in that based on the transport speed of the separated and further processed crop in the region of the guide element (6) a speed of a chopper drum (10) of the chopper (5) and / or a distance between the chopper drum (10) and one below the particular Chopper drum (10) positioned drum plate (11) are adjusted.
    [2]
    2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that within the processing device (4) and downstream thereof by means of at least one sensor (21, 22, 23) actual transport speeds of the separated and further processed crop are determined, and that the forage harvester operated depending thereon becomes.
    [3]
    3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that within the processing device (4) by means of a in the region of the guide element (6) upstream of the conditioning and / or guide means (7) positioned sensor (21) an actual transport speed of the separated and processed crop in the area of the guide element is determined.
    [4]
    4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that downstream of the processing device (4) in the region of the discharge elbow (9) by means of at least one in the region of the discharge elbow (9) positioned sensor (22, 23) at least one actual transport speed of the separated and further processed crop in the region of the discharge chute (9) is determined.
    [5]
    5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that by means of a in the region of the maximum curvature (19) of the discharge chute (9) positioned sensor (22) and with the aid of a at the downstream end (20) of the discharge chute (9) positioned sensor ( 23) at least two actual transport speeds of the separated and further processed crop in the region of the discharge chute (9) are determined.
    [6]
    6. The method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that based on the or each transport speed of the separated and further processed crop in the region of the discharge chute (9) a speed of a rotor (17) of the Nachbeschleunigers (8) and / or a distance between the Rotor (17) of the post-accelerator (8) and a stator (18) thereof and / or a curvature of the discharge elbow (9) is adjusted.
    [7]
    7. The method according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that when the conditioning and / or guide means (7) rotating conditioning rollers (16), based on or each transport speed of the separated and further processed crop in the region of the discharge chute (9) a speed of the conditioning rollers (16) and / or a distance between the conditioning rollers (16) is adjusted.
    [8]
    8. Control system of a forage harvester, characterized in that the same means for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 7.
    [9]
    9. Control system according to claim 8, characterized by at least one sensor (21) for detecting the actual transport speed of the separated crop within the processing device (4).
    [10]
    10. Control system according to claim 8 or 9, characterized by at least one sensor (22, 23) for detecting the actual transport speed of the separated crop downstream of the processing device (4), namely within the discharge chute (9).
    [11]
    11. Control system according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that a sensor (21) for detecting the actual transport speed of the separated and further processed crop within the processing device (4) in the region of the guide element (6) at a downstream end of the Baffle (6) is positioned so that a first sensor (22) for detecting the actual transport speed of the separated and further processed crop downstream of the processing device (4) in the region of the maximum curvature (19) of the discharge elbow (9) is positioned, and that a second Sensor (23) for detecting the actual transport speed of the separated and further processed crop downstream of the processing device (4) at the downstream end (20) of the discharge chute (9) is positioned.
    [12]
    12. Control system according to one of claims 8 to 11, characterized by a control unit which, based on the or each actual transport speed of the separated crop, a rotational speed of a chopper drum (10) of the chopper (5) and / or a distance between the chopper drum (10). and a drum plate (11) positioned below the cutterhead and / or a rotational speed of a rotor (17) of the postaccelerator (8) and / or a distance between the rotor (17) of the postaccelerator (8) and a stator (18) thereof and / or a curvature of the discharge chute (9) adapts.
    [13]
    13. Control system according to claim 12, characterized in that the control unit, when the conditioning and / or guide means (7) ro-tierende conditioning rollers (16), based on the or each actual transport speed of the separated crop a speed of the conditioning rollers ( 16) and / or a distance between the conditioning rollers (16) adapts.
    [14]
    14. Forage harvester (1), with a header (2) for separating and / or receiving stalk-like crop, with a of a carrier vehicle (3) carried processing device (4) for further processing of the crop, and with an ejection spout (9) for ejection the processed device (4) a chopper (5), downstream of the chaff (5) a guide element (6), downstream of the guide element (6) a conditioning and / or guide means (7) and downstream of the conditioning and / or guide device (7) has a post-accelerator (8), characterized by a control system according to one of claims 8 to 12 for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 7.
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    同族专利:
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102014102221.1A|DE102014102221A1|2014-02-20|2014-02-20|Method and control system for operating a forage harvester and forage harvester|
    DE102014102221.1|2014-02-20|
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