• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A self-propelled work machine (10) has an internal combustion engine (32) with a crankshaft (34), a first hydraulic pump (132) which is drive-connected to the crankshaft (34), a first hydraulic motor (136), which has means in contact with the ground is drive-connected and equipped with an electronic control (70). When an input means is actuated, the control (70) increases the displacement of a second hydraulic pump (66) coupled to the crankshaft (34) and reduces the displacement of a second hydraulic motor (68) connected to it. A pressure then builds up in the connecting line (84, 84 ') between the second hydraulic pump (66) and the second hydraulic motor (68), which pressure is released through a pressure limiting valve (120, 122). This increases the braking torque.
    公开号:BE1022416B1
    申请号:E2014/0807
    申请日:2014-11-19
    公开日:2016-03-25
    发明作者:Stefan Bohrer
    申请人:Deere & Company；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Self-propelled working machine with hydrostatic drive
    description
    The invention relates to a self-propelled work machine with hydrostatic drive.
    Technological background
    Self-propelled machines, such as agricultural machines or construction vehicles are usually moved by hydrostatic traction drives on the ground. These travel drives include an adjustable hydraulic pump mechanically driven by an internal combustion engine and a fixed or variable displacement hydraulic motor which in turn mechanically drives one or more wheels (or one or more caterpillar drives). The hydraulic volume flow of the hydraulic motor and thus the driving speed is predetermined by means of a driving lever, which can be actuated by an operator and is mechanically or electromechanically connected to the swashplate of the hydraulic pump and optionally of the hydraulic motor (see DE 10 2004 016 242 A1). By adjusting the driving lever thus the driving speed is changed.
    When the operator pulls back the control lever, the hydrostatic drive also acts as a brake, because the braking torque of the wheels is transmitted hydraulically via the hydraulic motor, which then acts as a pump, to the hydraulic pump, which then acts as a motor. Finally, the braking torque then reaches the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine, in which the braking energy is dissipated. There is the problem that the achieved braking torque is not sufficient in all situations. DE 10 2004 016 242 A1 proposes to solve this problem, to activate a parking brake when the operator withdraws the throttle relatively quickly.
    task
    The present invention has set itself the task of a hydrostatic
    Propose drive, which allows improved braking effect.
    invention
    The present invention is defined by the claims.
    A self-propelled work machine includes an internal combustion engine having a crankshaft, a first hydraulic pump drivingly connected to the crankshaft and in fluid communication with a first hydraulic motor that is drivably connected to ground engaging means (eg, one or more wheels or caterpillar drives) and a first hydraulic pump electronic control connected to a sensor for detecting the position of an operator-adjustable input means (usually a drive lever or a pedal) for setting the propulsion speed of the work machine. In addition, a second hydraulic pump is drive-connected to the crankshaft and is in fluid communication with a second hydraulic motor that is in driving connection with a functional component of the work machine. A first actuator is used to adjust the volume of the second hydraulic pump and a second actuator for adjusting the volume of the second hydraulic motor. A pressure limiting valve is coupled to the connecting line between the second hydraulic pump and the second hydraulic motor and serves to limit the pressure in this connecting line. The controller is programmed to control the first actuator in the direction of increasing the volume of the second hydraulic pump and the second actuator in the direction of reducing the volume of the second hydraulic motor in the case of actuation of the input means in the sense of braking. As a result, it is achieved that a pressure builds up in the connecting line between the second hydraulic pump and the second hydraulic motor, which is discharged through the pressure relief valve. As a result, the second hydraulic pump is mechanically braked, which leads to the fact that the first hydraulic pump, to which a braking torque is transmitted hydraulically during braking by the first hydraulic motor, acts against a greater resistance than only against the crankshaft. Part of the braking energy is thus reduced via the second hydraulic pump and the pressure relief valve.
    In this way you can easily achieve an improvement in the
    Braking effect of the hydrostatic drive.
    The work machine is usually operable in a road driving mode and a working mode. In the road driving mode, only the traction drive and some auxiliary drives, e.g. for the steering, lighting and air conditioning, in operation, while the functional components (in the example of a working machine, the Erntegutbearbeitungs- and / or conveyors and construction equipment, e.g.
    Drives for the adjustment of working equipment such as skimmers or loading arms) are out of service. In the working mode, however, the functional components are in operation or can at least be put into operation. The control is thus preferably also switchable between the road driving mode and the working mode. The described inventive method of braking, in which the braking torque is reduced via the second hydraulic pump and the pressure relief valve, is preferably only available in the road driving mode, in which the second hydraulic motor is switched off to the working operation by the change of the operation of the functional components to interfere with braking. This is not critical, because when working, the work machine is moved only at lower speeds than in road driving.
    Preferably, the controller is additionally connected to an actuator for adjusting the volume of the first hydraulic motor and / or the first hydraulic pump. Thereby, the speed of the ground engaging means can be controlled, for which reference is made to DE 10 2004 016 242 A1 and the prior art mentioned there.
    The working machine is in particular a harvesting machine, e.g. a forage harvester, and the functional component comprises a crop processing and / or conveying device, e.g. a pre-press roll or an Emtevorsatz.
    Ausführunosbeispiel
    In the drawings, an embodiment of the invention described in more detail below is shown, wherein the reference numerals must not be used to a restrictive interpretation of the claims. It shows:
    Fig. 1 is a schematic side view of a self-propelled machine in the form of a forage harvester, and
    Fig. 2 is a schematic plan view of the drive system of
    Feed conveyor of the working machine and the associated hydraulics.
    1 shows a machine 10 in the manner of a self-propelled forage harvester in a schematic side view. The work machine 10 is built on a frame 12 supported by front driven wheels 14 and steerable rear wheels 16. The operation of the working machine 10 is carried out by a driver's cab 18, from which a header 20 in the form of a pickup is visible. By means of the header 20 picked up from the ground crop, z. As grass or the like is fed via a feed conveyor 22 with Vorpresswalzen, which are arranged within a feed housing 24 on the front side of the forage harvester 10, arranged below the driver's cab 18 chopping device 26 in the form of a chopper drum, which chops it into small pieces and it a conveyor 28 gives up. The material leaves the working machine 10 to a traveling transport vehicle about a about vertical axis rotatable and adjustable in inclination Auswurfkrümmer 30. Hereinafter, directional terms, such as laterally, down and up, refer to the forward direction V of the work machine 10, which in the Figure 1 extends to the right.
    FIG. 2 shows a plan view of the drive arrangement of the working machine 10. In the rear region of the working machine 10 there is an internal combustion engine 32 serving as a drive motor, in particular in the form of a diesel engine, which is connected to longitudinal members and / or cross members of the frame 12. The engine 32 extends in the forward direction of the work machine 10 to about the rear end of the frame 12 and includes a crankshaft 34 that extends forward out of the housing of the engine 32.
    The crankshaft 34 drives a horizontally and forwardly extending output shaft 36.
    The output shaft 36 is connected at its front end with an angle gear 38, which is composed of a first bevel gear 40, which is connected to the longitudinal shaft 36, and a second bevel gear 44, which meshes with the first bevel gear 40. The axis of rotation of the second bevel gear 44 extends horizontally and transversely to the forward direction. The second bevel gear 44 is connected to a shaft 46 which drives a pulley 48 via a clutch 42 connected therebetween. The pulley 48 is wrapped by a drive belt 50, which also wraps around a pulley 52 for driving the conveyor 28 and a pulley 54 for driving the chopper 26.
    The longitudinal shaft 36 also carries a gear 56 which meshes with a further gear 58 which drives a pump unit 62 via a shaft 60, the first hydraulic pump 132 for the provision of a first hydraulic motor 136 for driving the wheels 14 and a further hydraulic pump 134 for supply a further hydraulic motor 78 for driving the movable elements of the header 20 includes.
    The shaft 46 is in driving connection with a second hydraulic pump 66 with adjustable displacement and flow direction. The second hydraulic pump 66 is connected hydraulically fluidically in a closed circuit with a second hydraulic motor 68, which has an adjustable displacement and via a gear 64, the pre-compression rollers of the intake conveyor 22 drives. The further hydraulic motor 78 serves to drive the driven elements of the header 20, which could also be a header for maize harvest or production of whole plant silage.
    An outlet 82 of the second hydraulic pump 66 and an inlet 86 of the second hydraulic motor 68 are directly through a first pressure line 84, d. H. without the interposition of other valves o. Ä., Interconnected. An inlet 80 of the second hydraulic pump 66 and an outlet 72 of the second hydraulic motor 68 are directly through a second pressure line 84 ', d. H. without the interposition of valves o. Ä. Connected to each other.
    A controller 70 controls, via a first electromagnetic valve 90 in the form of a proportional valve whose position is controlled by an electromagnet pair 104, 104 'electrically connected to the controller 70, to a first actuator 76, which is designed as a double-acting hydraulic cylinder in the form of a synchronous cylinder and the flow rate and flow direction of the second hydraulic pump 66 influenced. In addition, the controller 70 controls, via a second solenoid valve 92, the position of which is controlled by an electromagnet 106 electrically connected to the controller 70, a second actuator 88 designed as a single acting hydraulic cylinder and the displacement of the second hydraulic motor 68 between a minimum and adjusted to a maximum absorption volume. The valves 90, 92 are the input side on the one hand with a pressure for adjusting the swash plates of the second hydraulic pump 66 and the hydraulic motor 68 providing, third hydraulic pump 96, the pressure of which is buffered by a pressure accumulator 102, and on the other hand connected to a container 74 for hydraulic fluid. The hydraulic pump 96 is driven by the shaft 46 and may be disposed in the housing of the hydraulic pump 66, or it is part of the hydraulic pump assembly 62. The hydraulic pump 96 provides a sufficiently high pressure limited by a pressure limiting valve 112 to the actuators 88 and 76 be able to adjust sufficiently quickly, and the pressure accumulator 102 provides the required volume flow. Both valves 90, 92 are proportional valves.
    In addition, the controller 70 is connected to an actuator 94 that opens and closes the clutch 42, to an operator input device 98 disposed in the operator's cab 18, and to a foreign object detector 108. The latter is located in the lower, forward nip roll of the infeed conveyor 22 and detects ferromagnetic bodies contained in the retracted crop mat. Alternatively, or in addition, any other foreign body detector may be used that responds, for example, to sound generated by stone impact and / or skyrocketing flow rates sensed by the position of an upper roll of the intake conveyor 22 or based on electromagnetic waves light up the crop mat.
    The operator input device 98 allows the operator to select a road driving mode in which the clutch 42 is open and neither the chopper 26 nor the intake conveyor 22 is driven. The further hydraulic pump 134 and thus the header 20 are then not driven. The wheels 14 are driven by the first hydraulic pump 132 via the first hydraulic motor 136 and a differential gear 138. In all-wheel drive would also the
    Rear wheels 16 are driven via one or two additional hydraulic motors (not shown).
    Further, the operator input device 98 allows the operator to select a work mode (harvesting operation) in which the clutch 42 is closed and the chopping device 26 and the conveyor 28 are driven via the drive belt 50. Then, the second hydraulic pump 66 also acts on the second hydraulic motor 68 via the first line 84, which in turn drives the intake conveyor 22. The header 20 is then driven by the further hydraulic pump 134 via the further hydraulic motor 78. The actuators 76, 88 are controlled by the controller 70 via the valves 92, 92 associated electromagnets 104 and 106 such that there is a desired cut length of the shredded material that can be entered by the operator input device 98 or automatically by the controller based on measurements predetermined by sensors that detect properties of the shredded material, such as moisture or compressibility. Preferably, the displacement of the hydraulic motor 68 is set to the maximum possible value for achieving the desired cutting length and the displacement of the hydraulic pump 66 is adjusted accordingly in order to achieve the highest possible torque of the intake conveyor 22. The adjustability of the second hydraulic motor 68 allows compared to a hydraulic motor with a fixed displacement greater conveying speeds of the intake conveyor 22 and thus to achieve shorter cutting lengths by the actuator 92, the swash plate of the hydraulic motor 68 is brought to a position below the maximum value.
    In the working mode, the solenoid 104 of the valve 90 of the second hydraulic pump 66 is energized, which pulls the valve 90 against the force of a first spring 110 'to the left and brings into a position in which the actuator 76, the swash plate of the second hydraulic pump 66 in a Position, in which the second hydraulic pump 66 promotes hydraulic fluid through the outlet 82 and the first line 84 to the inlet 86 of the second hydraulic motor 68, which then through the second line 84 'from the outlet 72 of the second hydraulic motor 68 to the inlet 80 of the second hydraulic pump 66th arrives. The terms inlet and outlet accordingly refer to the flow direction of the hydraulic fluid in the harvesting operation. When harvesting the electromagnet 104 'is not energized (but possibly the solenoid 106). To the by the
    Operators by means of the operator input device 98 caused stopping the hydraulic motor 66 after the end of Emtebetriebs only the solenoid 104 is de-energized by the controller, so that the valve 90 is then brought by the spring 110 'in the neutral position, and then the actuator 76 by the force an integrated spring 114 'is brought into the neutral or middle position in which the delivery volume of the hydraulic pump 66 is zero. This also applies to the road driving mode.
    The operator input device 98 also allows the selection of a third mode (a reversing mode) in which the feed conveyor 22 is driven in the opposite direction to the harvesting operation. Then, the controller 70 energizes only the electromagnet 104 ', which pulls the valve 90 to the right against the force of a second spring 110 and thus brings it into a position in which the actuator 76 spends the swash plate of the second hydraulic pump 66 in a position which the second hydraulic pump 66 delivers hydraulic fluid through the second conduit 84 'to the second hydraulic motor 68, which then flows through the first conduit 84 back to the second hydraulic pump 66. When reversing the solenoid 104 is not energized. After the end of the reversing operation, the controller 70, the electromagnet 104 'is de-energized, so that the valve 90 is then brought by the spring 110 in the neutral position, and then the actuator 76 brought by the force of an integrated spring 114 in the neutral or middle position in which the delivery volume of the second hydraulic pump 66 is zero.
    The pressure in the lines 84, 84 'is limited by pressure relief valves 120, 122. A first pressure limiting valve 120 is connected with its high-pressure connection to the first line 84 and with its low-pressure connection via a throttle 124 to a tank 126. A second pressure-limiting valve 12 "is connected with its high-pressure connection to the second line 84 and with its low-pressure connection to the low-pressure connection of the first pressure-limiting valve 120 and thus likewise via the throttle 124 to the tank 126. The pressure relief valves 120, 122 each check valves 128, 130 are connected in anti-parallel. The cut-off of the first pressure relief valve 120 is smaller than the cut-off pressure of the second pressure relief valve 122. This achieves that when reversing a higher torque of the second
    Hydraulic motor 68 is ready as harvesting operation. Thus, the crop accumulation can be eliminated with greater torque than when it was produced, which eliminates manual removal of the jam in most cases.
    With regard to the operation of the hydraulic arrangement of Figure 2 in the case of the response of the foreign body detector 108 reference is made to the disclosure of DE10 2009 002 849 A1, which is incorporated by reference into the present documents.
    In the road driving mode and also in the described operating modes (harvesting and reversing), the driving speed of the working machine 10 is predetermined by a driving lever 140. The further the operator moves the drive lever 140 forward from a neutral position, the faster the work machine 10 moves forward, and the further it moves it backward from the neutral position, the faster the work machine 10 moves backward. The position of the driving lever 140 is detected by means of a sensor 142, which is electrically connected to the controller 70. The controller 70 controls an actuator 144 for adjusting the swash plate of the first hydraulic motor 136 and an actuator 146 for adjusting the swash plate of the first hydraulic pump 132 such that the desired, i. by the operator by means of the driving lever 140 predetermined driving speed of the working machine 10 is achieved. Reference is made to DE 10 2004 016 242 A1 and the prior art mentioned there, i. it may also be an anti-slip control available.
    The controller 70 instructs the actuator 144, the swash plate of the first hydraulic motor 136, and the actuator 146 to respectively move the swash plate of the first hydraulic pump 132 to a position corresponding to the speed set by the operator. If the operator moves the drive lever from a position in which the work machine 10 is traveling relatively fast, e.g. When driving at 25 km / h, driving in a position of slower speed or in the neutral position, the first hydraulic motor 136 acts as a hydraulic pump and the first hydraulic pump 132 as a hydraulic motor, since the wheels 14 rotate (even) faster than the first hydraulic motor 132 would turn at stable operating conditions. The drive train of the wheels 14 with the first hydraulic pump 132 and the first hydraulic motor 136 thus brakes them, since the braking torque from the first hydraulic pump 132 is forwarded to the crankshaft 34 and converted into heat in the internal combustion engine 32.
    To improve the braking effect, the controller 70 is programmed so that in such cases, i. upon actuation of the drive lever 140 in the sense of a (above a predetermined threshold) delay of the work machine 10, the second hydraulic pump 66, the braking action of the drive train of the wheels 14 is supported. For this purpose, in this case, the second hydraulic motor 68 is moved into a position of maximum absorption volume by suitable actuation of the electromagnet 106 and thus of the actuator 76, and the second hydraulic pump 66 is actuated by driving one of the electromagnets 104 or 104 'and thus of the actuator 88 into a position of maximum absorption volume , As a result, it is achieved that the second hydraulic pump 66 generates a relatively high pressure on one of the lines 84 or 84 ', but which can not flow off or only partially through the second hydraulic motor 68. This pressure is then dissipated by one of the pressure relief valves 120, 122 and converted into heat. The second hydraulic pump 66 thus provides a braking force for the shaft 60 of the first hydraulic pump 132 and supports and increases the braking effect of the powertrain of the wheels 14.
    This additional effect is needed especially in road driving, since the work machine 10 is then traveling at a higher speed than in the working mode. In addition, the described adjustment of the second hydraulic pump 66 and the second hydraulic motor 68 in the harvesting operation would lead to undesirable cutting lengths. The described assistance of the braking effect by the second hydraulic pump 66 is therefore preferably available only in the road driving mode and deactivated in the working mode by the controller 70.
    The hydraulic motor 78 for driving the crop header 20 may also be adjustable and connected by a hydraulic arrangement, as shown in Figure 2 for the drive of the hydraulic motor 68, with the associated further hydraulic pump 134 in the hydraulic pump unit 62 to the above-mentioned To achieve advantages in terms of braking effect and / or Abschaltmoments when reversing.
    权利要求:
    Claims (5)
    [1]
    claims
    A self-propelled work machine (10) comprising: an internal combustion engine (32) having a crankshaft (34), a first hydraulic pump (132) drivingly connected to the crankshaft (34) and in fluid communication with a first hydraulic motor (136) driveable with ground engaging means, an electronic control (70) connected to a sensor (142) for detecting the position of an operator adjustable input means for specifying the propulsion speed of the work machine (10), a second hydraulic pump (10). 66) drivingly connected to the crankshaft (34) and in fluid communication with a second hydraulic motor (68) in driving communication with a functional component of the work machine (10) and a first actuator (76) for adjusting the volume the second hydraulic pump (66), a second actuator (88) for adjusting the volume of the second hydraulic motor (68) and a D jerk limiting valve (120,122) for limiting the pressure in the connecting line (84, 84 ') between the second hydraulic pump (66) and the second hydraulic motor (68), wherein the controller (70) is programmed, upon actuation of the input means in the sense of braking the first actuator (76) in the direction of increasing the volume of the second hydraulic pump (66) and the second actuator (88) in the direction of a reduction of the volume of the second hydraulic motor (68), so that then a pressure in the connecting line (84, 84 ') between the second hydraulic pump (66) and the second hydraulic motor (68), which is discharged through the pressure limiting valve (120, 122).
    [2]
    The work machine (10) of claim 1, wherein the controller (70) is switchable between a road travel mode and a work mode, the second hydraulic motor (68) is off in the road travel mode, and the controller (70) is programmed to only apply the brake torque in the road mode Road driving mode via the second hydraulic pump (66) and the Druckbegrenzungsventii (120,122) reduce.
    [3]
    3. work machine (10) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the controller (70) in addition to an actuator (144,146) for adjusting the volume of the first hydraulic motor (136) and / or the first hydraulic pump (132) is connected.
    [4]
    4. Work machine (10) according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein it is a harvester and the functional component is a processing and / or conveying device (22) for crop.
    [5]
    A work machine (10) according to claim 4, wherein it is a forage harvester and the functional component is a pre-press roller.
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    DE102013223988A1|2015-05-28|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US20040178673A1|2002-12-20|2004-09-16|Cedric Magnien|Brake system for a vehicle driven by at least one hydraulic motor fed in a closed circuit|
    DE102004016242A1|2004-04-02|2005-10-20|Deere & Co|Drive system of a work vehicle|
    DE102009002849A1|2008-07-11|2010-01-14|Deere & Company, Moline|Drive system for a feed conveyor of a harvester|
    US10271478B2|2017-01-11|2019-04-30|Cnh Industrial America Llc|Hydromechanical transmission system for a header of an agricultural harvester|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102013223988.2A|DE102013223988A1|2013-11-25|2013-11-25|Self-propelled working machine with hydrostatic drive|
    DD102013223988.2|2013-11-25|
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