• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:

    公开号:BE1020844A3
    申请号:E201100451
    申请日:2011-07-14
    公开日:2014-06-03
    发明作者:Filip Leemans；Smet Johan De；Dominique Weyen
    申请人:Vito Nv；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Method for encapsulating and connecting ultracapacitors for energy storage purposes
    The present application relates to capacitor banks, in particular ultra-capacitor banks, to electric storage means comprising such a capacitor bank and to vehicles comprising the electric storage means, as well as to methods for making and using capacitor banks, in particular ultra-capacitor banks.
    Technical Background
    Batteries are commonly used in a wide variety of applications, for example as an energy buffer in hybrid vehicles and stand-alone applications. The disadvantage of batteries is their short life expectancy and low power density. One cause for such problems is the chemical reaction that underlies their process. These characteristics reduce performance and payback time in industrial and automotive applications.
    Ultra capacitors are low-voltage capacitors with a high capacity. Their energy density is the main difference with a normal capacitor. Compared with batteries, the power density and life expectancy of ultra capacitors has improved enormously. Typical numbers for these characteristics are one million cycles and a power density of 5900 W / kg for a capacity of 3000 Farad.
    The higher power density creates an ideal situation for absorbing peak power. The peaks that occur when a hybrid vehicle is braked or accelerated will lead to a lower battery life, but will be an ideal application for ultra capacitors. For the vehicle this will lead to a lower fuel consumption. Combination with a long life expectancy gives a better solution in some applications compared to batteries.
    Whether the ultra capacitors are used in an automotive application or in an industrial environment, they always need a suitable enclosure.
    Summary of the invention
    The object of the present invention is to provide an ultra-capacitor energy storage system and in particular a system for enclosing and connecting ultra-capacitors for energy storage purposes, which is applicable in automotive and stationary applications. The ultra capacitors in the system can be in series or parallel or a combination of both. A control, relay, voltage monitoring and isolation fault detection are used to regulate the system. The mechanical structure of the frame and various plug-in modules leads to easy installation and uninstallation of the various components. The different constructions have been designed with safe operator control in mind.
    The present invention provides an assembly of ultra-capacitor modules with a coupling system for the plurality of ultra-capacitor modules, comprising: a plurality of ultra-capacitor modules, each module comprising a plurality of ultra-capacitors in a housing, a connection module to interconnect the plurality of ultra-capacitor modules and a frame for mechanically assembling the modules wherein the ultracapacitor modules are arranged for pluggable connection to the connection module and for slidable mounting in the frame.
    A connection module has connections for power and signals between the ultracapacitor modules. In particular, the ultra-capacitor module comprises a connecter that slides into a counter-connector located on the connection module for connecting the power and the signals between the ultra-capacitor modules.
    Preferably, each ultracapacitor module has a housing and a heat sink is provided on the housing with means for flowing air over the heat sink. Optionally, an air-conducting plate is provided on the heat dissipation side away from the housing. For example, the air-conducting plate can be arranged for sliding in the frame or it is mounted on an ultra-capacitor module.
    To obtain a maximum voltage, the ultra capacitors can be connected in series in an ultra capacitor module. The ultra capacitors in an ultra capacitor module are preferably connected by means of terminal strips. To provide good thermal cooling, the terminal strips are preferably in conductive thermal contact (but not in electrical contact) with external material of the housing in which the ultracapacitors are located.
    A control is preferably provided, wherein the control is adapted for voltage monitoring and / or detection of an insulation fault.
    The present invention also provides a vehicle with an energy storage system comprising a coupling system for the number of ultra-capacitor modules according to one of the embodiments of the present invention.
    Brief description of the figures
    Figure 1 illustrates an ultra-capacitor energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
    Figure 2 illustrates another ultra-capacitor energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
    Figure 3 illustrates a connection module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
    Figure 4 illustrates an ultra-capacitor module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
    Figure 5 illustrates an assembly of ultra capacitors according to an embodiment of the present invention.
    Figure 6 shows a section through an ultracapacitor module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
    Description of the preferred embodiments
    The present invention will be described with reference to certain embodiments and with reference to certain illustrations, but the invention is not limited thereto but only by the claims. The images described are only schematic and are not limitative. In the images, the size of some elements may be exaggerated and not drawn to scale for the purpose of clarifying. The dimensions and the relative dimensions do not correspond to actual reductions compared to the practice of the invention.
    Furthermore, the terms first, second, third and the like are used in the description and in the claims to distinguish between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a sequence, either temporally, spatially, sequentially or in any other way . It will be understood that the terms thus used are interchangeable under suitable conditions and that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operating in sequences other than those described or clarified herein.
    The present invention provides a pluggable high energy system that is suitable for most environments. The system is also reliable and safe because it meets safety requirements. Such a system may find application in, for example, the automotive industry to provide a watertight, reinforced and vibration resistant system. The ability to release a lot of energy in a short period of time has an impact on safety. Further additions to the system include safety regulations against insulation errors and protection against short-circuiting the current.
    A waterproof, reinforced and vibration resistant system in accordance with embodiments of the present invention can include an assembly of different ultracapacitor modules 2 as part of a coupling system to interconnect the modules. A module can be protected to a degree of impermeability according to IP65, IP66, IP68 and IPX9-k, in accordance with DIN EN 60529 and DIN 40 050 Teil 9. Such an ultra-capacitor module 2 comprises a number of ultra-capacitors. Embodiments of the present invention include both capacitors with connections to the electrodes of the screw type and / or the welded type. These capacitors can be connected in series, in parallel or in a combination of series and parallel. The configuration depends on the required voltage and capacity and can be adjusted to any level.
    In order to save space, the ultra-capacitors 15 in one embodiment can be arranged in a densely stacked triangular shape (e.g. Figure 5), but a square shape (matrix) can also be used.
    The interconnection of a number of at least one of the electrodes of the ultra-capacitors 15 is done by means of terminal strips 14. The material of the terminal strips must be capable of good thermal conduction of heat (heat-conducting) as well as being electrically conductive, for example copper or aluminum or one of their alloys. The shape of the connection strips 14 can be an ellipse or a rectangle whose corners are cut off. This shape allows a large surface area of the portion of the terminal strips 14, without allowing two terminal strips to come too close together. A hole with a depth smaller than the height of the connection strip can be provided on the connection strip 14 to connect a wire. If fast connections are desired, then a rivet can be used. Because of this hole, the upper surface of the connection strip 14 remains flat. The thread can also be screwed to it. The purpose of this wire is to separate the voltages of each ultra-capacitor 15 to an electronic unit such as a printed circuit. Some of the functions that this electronics can have are: balancing, over voltage protection, and a safety discharge until the capacitor is empty.
    To hold the ultra-capacitors 15 together, one or more plastic plates, preferably insulating plates with holes therein, may be used. An example of such a plastic material is polyacetal (POM), but other mechanically strong and temperature-resistant materials are also possible. In this way the combination of ultra-capacitors 15, terminal strips 14 and plastic plate forms a rigid unit.
    The capacitors are located in a housing, for example in the form of a box. The connection strips 14 are arranged in such a way that they preferably come into thermal (but not electrical) contact, in particular conductive thermal contact with the external structure of the box, as shown for example in Figure 6. This conductive thermal contact will conduct the enable developed heat from the ultra-capacitors directly to the outside of the module 2 with better cooling as a result. To electrically insulate the module, an electrical insulation and thermally conductive (heat-conducting) material 16 are preferably used between the connecting strips 14 and the external material 8 of the modules.
    The outside of the housing of an ultra-capacitor module of Figure 4 is, for example, a rectangular box comprising plates 9 which can be folded, welded together, screwed together or a combination thereof. There are heat sinks on the plates or forming a whole with them, for example heat sinks with fins. The plates 9 can generally be rectangular and it is preferable if the upper and lower surfaces are larger than the side surfaces or end surfaces. This provides better heat conduction away from the capacitors in each module. The housing is watertight, for example by welding or by the use of sealing means. The material is preferably a metal such as aluminum or other lightweight material. The plates 9 which are in thermal contact with the connection strips 14 can, in an alternative embodiment, be replaced by heat dissipation 8 to enable better heat conduction to the environment.
    One end of the box is equipped with a connecter 11. This connecter can comprise pins 2 for power connections and for control signals such as temperature, voltage and control signals. A current loop may also be included. The system uses a connecter 11 which can adjust its position itself when it is connected to its counterpart. The "Combitac" from the company Multi contact is such a connecter. At the opposite end of the box are handles 10. The reason for mounting the connecter and handles on different sides of the module is because of the distance between the place where a person touches the module (the handles) and the energy connection (the connecter ). It creates a safer way of operating a loaded module. A water-resistant seal around the connecter 12 and between the various parts of the outer case ensures a watertight unit. A pressure compensation element 13 provides an even pressure inside and outside the module. This serves to compensate for the pressure increase caused by temperature changes (rise / fall) of the working ultra capacitor system. Pressure compensation elements serve for the aeration and venting of components, in particular casings. This prevents damage to built-in components caused by condensation that occurs due to variations in temperature / pressure peaks. Such a pressure compensation element can enable a high air flow rate combined with a large capacity for retaining water. The internal pressure of the closed housing is adjusted to the ambient pressure, while water penetration is prevented. A membrane can be integrated into the pressure compensation element, which is permeable to air on both sides and permeable to water only from the side to the interior of the housing. This means that air is free to flow from inside the module or from outside to inside. Water can only flow from the inside to the outside. In this way, water in the module can be automatically removed. Thus, the housing may have a pressure compensation element which is arranged in the module for equalizing the pressure inside and outside while water is drained outside.
    In a less preferred embodiment, there may be an air cushion in each watertight module that helps to equalize the pressure.
    A water-tight, reinforced, and vibration-resistant system in accordance with embodiments of the present invention, as shown, for example, in Figure 1 and Figure 2, comprises an assembly of a plurality of ultra-capacitor modules 2 in a coupling system that includes a connection module 7 to connect the different ultra-condenser modules and a frame 4 to hold the modules together mechanically. The frame 4 is adapted to hold and attach ultra-capacitor modules 2 and at least one connection module 7. The use of a number of ultra-capacitor modules 2 has the advantage that the weight of one module is still permissible to be carried by a single individual. The fact that the total voltage of the entire system is distributed over a certain number, depending on the number of modules, means that one module has a lower and therefore safer voltage level.
    Preferred embodiments of the present invention include a plug-in system of these ultra-capacitor modules 2, for example slidable in the frame 4 and plug-in into one or more connector modules 7. The fact that the modules 2 are plug-in has several advantages. One is easy installation and replacement of the modules. A second advantage is that the removal of one ultra-capacitor module from its frame will bring the total voltage to a lower level, so that working on a charged system will be safer. It also has the advantage that the high power loop is interrupted. An open loop is again a safer situation.
    Two or more ultra-capacitor modules 2 can be slid into a frame 4. This in combination with the connection modules makes the system pluggable. The number of ultra-capacitor modules 2 can be selected as desired and depends on the level of voltage and capacitance required. Figure 1 and Figure 2 give an example.
    In the illustrations, the end of each module 2 with the connecter 11 is first inserted and the end with the handles 10 is the outside. Means for mounting the modules 2 in guides such as rails on the frame 4 are provided, for example, one or more protrusions can be formed on the ultra-capacitor modules 2 which engage and run in guides such as rails on the frame. In this way, the mounting means, such as the protrusions, slide into a guide, for example, a rail on frame 4. Other means for sliding include providing frame 4 with mounting means, such as protrusions, and carrying the ultra-capacitor modules 2. the guide or rail. As examples, either or both of the protrusions and guides can be made of aluminum, Teflon (PTFE), erthalon or another easily slidable material (of low friction).
    A mechanical construction of guides is also possible, for example a rail system.
    The frame 4 is preferably made of a metal such as aluminum or another mechanically strong material. It can include different profiles. The profiles are attached to each other by means of a first fixing system, for example a screw combined with corner connections or they are welded. Reinforcement profiles 5 are attached to these profiles. These give the frame 4 its rigid construction.
    The ultra capacitor module 2 is connected to the frame with a second mounting system such as screws or a quick coupling system such as clamps. The aim is that it takes less effort for an individual to install the ultracapacitor modules 2 in the frame.
    When the ultra-capacitor modules 2 are fitted, the connector 11 of these modules slides into its counterpart. All these counterparts are located on the connection module 7. The primary purpose of connection module 7 is to connect power and signals between the different ultra-capacitor modules. These connections can be made with cables or with connection strips. The signal connections may include a current loop to detect unconnected boxes, signals from the temperature elements and voltages. The power connections can be selected such that they connect the ultra-capacitor modules in series, in parallel or in a combination of both. The connection module 7 is used as a reinforcement of the structure of frame 4.
    When in operation, the ultracapacitor modules 2 can produce heat. Passive cooling of the modules 2 is only acceptable with low power applications. When larger flows are required, for example hybrid vehicles, active cooling is preferred. Active cooling can be carried out by means of fans and / or water cooling. The exemplary systems of Figure 1 and Figure 2 use air cooling such as by means of fans 1. The fans are mounted on frame 4 or directly on the ultracapacitor module 2. Preferably, the fans are located at the end of each module 2 that has the handles 10, that is, the remote end of the connection module 7. Preferably, the modules 2 are provided with heat dissipation such as heat dissipation with fins on the top and / or bottom surfaces of each module 2. These fans 1 blow an air flow over the heat dissipation 8 of the ultracapacitor modules 2. Above and / or below the module, air-conducting plates 6 are preferably present. These plates 6 can be slid into the frame 4 or can be mounted on the ultra-capacitor module 2. They keep the air flow close to the heat dissipation 8, for example substantially between and around the fins of the heat dissipation. Due to the limited space between the heat sink 8 and the plates 6, the air is forced to flow between the fins of heat sink 8. In the exemplary system of Figure 1 and Figure 2, the fans 1 draw air from the outside of the frame 4. The outflow is located at the connection modules 7.
    An electronic control is provided to control and monitor the operation of the ultra capacitor system. Relays or other switches can be used to switch the power connections on or off, both on the positive and the negative cable. In addition, a pre-charge relay and pre-charge resistors may be provided. An electronic isolation detection system can be used to monitor the system for isolation errors. Temperature sensors can be provided to monitor the temperature at different locations in the ultra-condenser modules 2. A fuse can be used to protect against large currents. A current sensor may be provided for measuring the current flowing into the system. The voltage of the system can be measured with the help of sensors in one or more places. One place is before the fuse and the second after. This means that the operation of the fuse can be measured by comparing the two voltages. Elardware is provided to control the speed of the fans 1. All electronics can be mounted in a different module 3 which slides into the frame as an ultra-capacitor module. Another possibility is to install the electronics in the connection module 7.
    The system is designed to act as a stand-alone system, that is, independently of an external system. However, the possibility is provided that it can be controlled by an external system. The control messages can, for example, be sent via a CAN bus.
    Power connections from an external system can be made with cable lugs. The signal connections can be made with suitable connectors. The place where these connections enter the ultra-capacitor system can be either the electronic module 3 or the connection module 7.
    A waterproof, reinforced, and vibration-resistant system in accordance with embodiments of the present invention can be mounted on a vehicle such as an aircraft, a boat, a car, a bus, a truck, a milk-drip wagon, or any other electric vehicle for an electrical power supply to provide. For example, it can be an emergency energy supply or it can be a primary energy supply for the vehicle. Alternatively, a waterproof, reinforced and vibration resistant system in accordance with embodiments of the present invention can be mounted on a stationary electrically driven device.
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [1]
    A coupling system for a number of ultra-capacitor modules (2), comprising: a number of ultra-capacitor modules (2), wherein each module (2) comprises a number of ultra-capacitors (15) in a housing, a connection module (7) for mutually connecting the number of ultra-capacitor modules (2) and a frame (4) for mechanically holding the ultra-capacitor modules (2) and the connection module (7) together, the ultra-capacitor modules (2) being arranged for pluggable connection to the connection module (7) and for slidable insertion into the frame (4), wherein the ultra-capacitor module (2) comprises a connector (11) that slides into a counter-connector located on the connection module (7) for connecting power and signals between the ultra-capacitor modules (2).
    [2]
    Coupling system according to claim 1, wherein the connection module (7) comprises electronics required for the connection of power and signals between the ultracapacitor modules (2).
    [3]
    Coupling system according to claim 1 and claim 2 comprising a heat sink (8) on the housing with means for flowing air over the heat sink (8).
    [4]
    Coupling system according to claim 3, wherein an air-conducting plate (6) is provided on the side of the heat sink (8) remote from the housing.
    [5]
    Coupling system according to claim 4, wherein the air-conducting plate (6) is adapted to slide into the frame (4) or is mounted on an ultra-capacitor module (2).
    [6]
    Coupling system according to one of the preceding claims, in which the ultra-capacitors (15) are connected in series in an ultra-capacitor module (2).
    [7]
    7. Coupling system according to claim 6, wherein the ultra capacitors (15) are connected in an ultra capacitor module by means of connecting strips (14).
    [8]
    Coupling system according to claim 7, wherein the connecting strips (14) are in conductive thermal contact with external material (9) of the housing in which the ultra-capacitors (15) are located.
    [9]
    9. Coupling system as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, further comprising a control, wherein the control is adapted to monitor the voltage and / or detection of insulation errors.
    [10]
    10. Coupling system according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising a pressure compensation element (13) integrated in the housing for providing an even pressure inside and outside each of the ultracapacitor modules (2).
    [11]
    Vehicle with an energy storage system comprising a coupling system for the number of ultra-capacitor modules (2) according to one of the preceding claims.
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
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    DE202010010231|2010-07-14|
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