• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:

    公开号:BE1020666A3
    申请号:E201000409
    申请日:2010-07-08
    公开日:2014-03-04
    发明作者:Henry R Cammann
    申请人:Cammann Inc；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to improvements, machines and methods for metal disintegration.
    "" Background of; The invention
    Metal disintegrators have been used for decades to cut metal components that are typically too hard, inaccessible or otherwise impractical for more conventional cutting techniques, such as drilling, milling, burring, abrasion or torch cutting with oxygen and acetylene. The metal disintegrators cause a graphite electrode to vibrate by bringing it into contact and out of contact with a metal piece to be cut. Electrical current supplied to the cutting end of the electrode melts local areas of the workpiece and water or other liquid coolants solidify and fracture the melted local areas into small particles. free when the electrode diverges cyclically from the workpiece. The operation is repeated several times per second, for example at a frequency of 60 or 50 Hz, until a cut is completed at the desired depth.
    When it is necessary to separate parts of a large cross section from a body which surrounds them, such as a pin locked in a hole, it is known to use a tubular electrode having an outer diameter slightly smaller than the tenon . The electrode is used to burn the operating length of the post leaving a disemboweled core. This technique greatly reduces the total energy required to burn the post by releasing it from the solid part around it, compared to what would be required if an electrode was used. full or without kernel. In practice, tubular electrodes of the prior art result in dimensional limitations or included cross sections and length or depth of a section. Beyond certain combinations of length dimension and included electrode cross sections, the cutting action is slowed down and even stopped and accuracy is compromised or lost.
    ....... Summary jde. The invention improves the technique of contact arc thermal shock metal cutting machines, usually referred to as metal disintegrators, by providing tubular electrodes having a purge path for the coolant. for the inside of the electrode. It has been found that a continuous purge action of the cooling fluid from the interior of the tubular electrode through its support end greatly improves the cutting performance. The purge path allows the interior of the electrode to be continually driven away by liquid coolant to carry away metal particles that would otherwise re-arc at random sites by accelerating electrode wear. and losing precision in the cut. In addition, the purge according to the invention prevents an excessive counterpressure of the liquid coolant which would otherwise manifest itself and eventually stop the vibration - necessary of the electrode, induced by the head of the machine to come into contact and out of contact with the piece to disintegrate.
    The invention thus relates to a method of disintegrating a metal body, using a tubular column-walled graphite electrode, having an inside and an outside and a cutting end for cutting a closed-limit channel in a body. of metal, characterized in that the electrode is vibrated in a direction parallel to its column direction while applying a tension to spring and break an arc between the cutting end and the body to make areas of the As the arc body becomes molten, coolant is caused to cool by the wall of the electrode from an opposite end remote from the cutting end to produce an electrode. thermal shock and break melted surface areas of the body heated by current applied by the electrode coming into contact with these surface areas in solidified particles, the electrode coming into contact with the body in its position before the a vibration cycle and supplying cooling fluid to the body when the electrode is in its rear position of the vibration cycle and allowing coolant to drive off the solid particles. at . both along the outside and inside of the electrode.
    Preferably: a path is restricted on the cooling fluid carrying solidified particles of the cutting end of the electrode in the interior of the electrode to limit its volume unless the volume of the cooling fluid comprising particles solidified from the cutting end on the outside of the electrode.
    the volume of the cooling fluid which comprises -solids-parts separated from the cutting end in the interior of the electrode is limited by the dimension of an open zone in a wall closing the opposite end of the electrode.
    The invention also relates to a graphite electrode for a metal disintegrator, characterized in that it comprises a columnar hollow body, the body having a skirted wall open at one end and at least partially open at an opposite end. at one end, the skirt wall having a plurality of holes, extending between said one end and the opposite end, adapted to conduct liquid cooling fluid from the opposite end to the open end, the end An open portion having a purge zone "designed to p.ur.ge.r a portion of the volume of the cooling fluid passing through the holes of the skirt wall.
    Preferably, the purge area is from about 50 to 150 percent of the total cross-sectional area of the holes in the skirt wall.
    The invention finally relates, in combination, to a graphite electrode and an electrode support for use in a metal disintegrator, characterized in that the electrode has a columnar hollow body having a skirt wall opening. at one end, the skirt wall having a plurality of holes extending between the one end and an opposite end, the holes being adapted to conduct liquid cooling fluid from the opposite end to the open end, the carrier being proportioned to cooperate with and support the electrode at its opposite end- "when the electrode is mounted on a metal disintegrator, the electrode and the support being constructed and designed to purge a portion of the volume of the coolant liquid in a space between a disintegrated piece and an inner surface of the skirt wall.
    Preferably: the support is designed to conduct an electric decay current with the electrode.
    one or both of the support and the electrode have purge zones, which limit a volume of the cooling fluid passing through said space.
    a cross-section of the limited area of the support and / or electrode represents about 50 to 150% of the total cross-sectional area of the holes in the skirt.
    Brief description of the drawings
    Figure 1 is a somewhat schematic illustration of a metal disintegrator machine comprising a vertical sectional view of an electrode holder and an electrode taken from the plates indicated by. 1-1 in Figure 2;
    FIG. 2 is an axial view of the electrode support of the electrode along the plane 2-2 of FIG. 1.
    Description of the prezere embodiment
    Referring now to the drawing, a metal disintegrator machine 10 comprises a horizontally adjustable head 12 that is adjustable on an arm 13. The arm 13 is in turn vertically adjustable on a vertical pole 14. Mounting the head 12 on the arm and mounting the arm on the post 14 provide angular adjustments around horizontal and vertical axes. Those skilled in the art understand that the head 12 may be supported in other orientations than those shown and may be mounted on special equipment or a console to perform a particular job. The head 12 can slide vertically on a vertical guide 16 and the majority of the weight of the head, including the coil inducing vibrations contained in the head, an electrode support 17 and an electrode 18, is counterbalanced by an air cylinder 19 vertically aligned with the guide 18 and supplied by a regulated source of compressed air at a pressure above atmospheric pressure.
    A power supply 21 provides alternating current at a relatively low voltage of, for example, 32 volts and a relatively high current, for example, of 300+ amperes at a head 42 by a cable 22 and a cable 23 serving to the earth a body 21 in which the piece to be disintegrated is placed. A source 24 of cooling fluid, usually water, may be a pump or connected to a conduit having suitable pressure settings.
    The illustrated electrode support 17 comprises a generally flat circular plate 28 having a central upright 29 integral with its upper face. The support is preferably made of aluminum so that it is very conducive to electricity. The pin 29 is received in a sleeve on an armature of the vibration coil placed in the head 12, as is known in FIG. .technical ..... The post 2.9 can. be provided with a shirt 31 of bronze to be taken in the sleeve. The power supply is connected by the cable 22 to the socket of the coil to conduct electrical current., .. a.u ... support ..., 17 ..
    A lower face 32 of the support 17 is machined or shaped in another way so as to have a circular pocket 33 for receiving a mounting end 34 of the electrode 18. An annular groove 36 is formed in the vicinity of the periphery of the pocket 33 and communicates with two orifices 37 passing through an upper face 38 of the plate forming the support connected to the source 24 of coolant · cooling by conduits 39 of alimerttation.
    In its illustrated form, the electrode 18 is a unitary, circular, tubular body, which comprises a thin-walled cylindrical tube 41 and an end wall 42, which is part of the end. 34 electrode mounting. The outer diameter of the electrode 18 is adapted in the pocket on the lower face of the plate forming the support so that the outer face of the wall The end 42 abuts a base 43 of the pocket 33. A bolt 44 passing through a central hole 46 '' - end paxole 42 is bolted into a central blind hole 47 of the support 17. The bolt 44 compresses an elastic washer 48 to retain the end wall 42 of the electrode in the pocket 33 of the support 17.
    A plurality of angularly spaced, preferably evenly spaced, coolant passages 51 are drilled or otherwise formed through the tubular wall 41 of the electrode from an end 52 -inferior. ..cutting of the wall of the. tube to the outer face of the end wall 42, that is to say up to the end 34 of mounting to the electrode. The passages or holes 51 at the end of the support are located below the annular groove or channel 36 and communicate directly with it, allowing the channel to serve as a connector for the holes. A set of aligned and angularly spaced holes 56, 57 and 58 is provided in the spring washer 48, in the end wall 42 of the electrode and in the support plate 28 respectively.
    In operation of the cooling fluid, such as simply water, from the source 24 is directed through the supply conduits 39 to the orifices 37 and into the annular groove or channel 36. The channel 36 distributes the cooling fluid to the passages 51 for the cooling fluid formed in the wall 41 of the electrode tube. The coil in the head 12 causes the electrode support 17 and the electrode 18 to vibrate alternately in contact with and move away from a part 61. Figure 1 illustrates the electrode 18 after it has partially burned in the piece 61 shown as a threaded metal pin received in a tapping of a large body 62. Either the body '62 if it is electrically conductive, or the piece 61 is grounded relative to the current supply 11. The coil vibrates at the frequency of the current applied to it, that is to say at 60 or 50 Hz for example. typically a dimension such that its outside diameter is slightly smaller than the diameter of the thread core of the bolt or part 61.
    When the cutting end comes into contact with a workpiece 61, it melts local areas of the workpiece by resistance heating which results from the application of the intense electric current. When 1 '. As the cutting edge 55 moves away from the workpiece 61, an electric arc is extinguished and coolant passes through the holes 51 to cool the molten metal abruptly causing it to break into small solidified particles. The electrode 18 thus forms by combustion a path in the part 61 slightly larger than the cross section of the electrode itself. That is, the large diameter and the small diameter of a groove cut in the workpiece 61 are respectively larger and smaller than the corresponding outer and inner surfaces of the electrode 18. The clearance created between the surfaces The wall wall 18 of the electrode 18 and the wall surfaces burned in the room 61 provide annular channels through which the cooling fluid can escape and carry with it the metal particles created in a flushing effect.
    The size and the number of passages or holes 51 for cooling fluid will depend on the size of the electrode 18. The holes 56, 57 and 58 aligned in the elastic washer 48, in the end wall 42 of the electrode and in the plate 2'8 "forming the support have the sole function of purging the interior of the electrode 18 by allowing the flow of cooling fluid along the path indicated generally by the arrows 66. bleeding of the interior of the electrode provided by the bleed holes 56, 57 and 58 at the end 34 of the electrode holder has been found to produce a large increase in the performance of a disintegrator.
    It has been found that by purging the interior of the electrode 18 up to the end 34 of the electrode being held, the electrodes have a diameter and / or a length. this. that we used. ... so far are not only practical, but work remarkably well in terms of speed and quality of cut. It has been found, moreover, that the results are improved when the total bleed or the open surface given by the holes 56, 57 and 58 in the washer 48, the end wall 42 and the plate 28 forming the support are in relation with the total cross-sectional area of the passages or holes 51 for the cooling fluid.
    Depending on the size and configuration of the electrode this relationship can be between about 50% and 150%. In most cases, it is desirable to adjust or restrict the open bleed surface for the interior of the tubular electrode so that more than half of the coolant stream has a hunting effect. ~ on the outer wall of the electrode.
    The passages 51 for the coolant may have a diameter of about 2.4 to about 3.2 mm. Holes or holes of this size will not leave a core or a minimum core while the electrode 18 cuts through a room. If a core can be left by coolant passages, either because they are too large in size or for other reasons, these cores can be removed by simply rotating the electrode a few degrees around its longitudinal axis.
    He goes from. self, that. the columnar tubular electrode may have other cross-sectional shapes such as a square, rectangular or hexagonal cross-section. It is furthermore envisaged that the electrode may be closed without a wall of ...
    the end at its end opposite to the cutting end. In this case, it is possible to use a support or its equivalent to restrict and thus limit the flow of coolant returning through the interior of the electrode.
    The electrode 18 will cut material in about 0.8 mm from its inner and outer wall surfaces. By the present invention, a much improved uniformity of electrode cut and life is achieved due to the flushing effect on the inside and the outside of the electrode and the fact that that it is therefore avoided that the particles are subjected again to the arc, particles which otherwise could be trapped between the outer and inner walls of the electrode and the walls adjacent to the piece which is cut.
    It goes without saying that this description has been given only as an example and that many modifications can be made by adding, modifying or eliminating details without departing from the scope of the teaching contained in this memoir. The invention is therefore not limited to particular details of this memory except that its scope is necessarily limited by the appended claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (9)
    [1]
    A method of disintegrating a metal body, using a tubular column-walled graphite electrode, having an inside and an outside and a cutting end for cutting a closed-limit channel in a metal body, characterized in that that one makes vibrate ....... the él.e.ctrode in .une. direction parallel to: its .. column direction while applying a voltage to make spring and break an arc between the cutting end and the body to make areas of the arc body become melted, it sends fluid of cooling by the wall of the electrode from an opposite end remote from the cutting end to produce a thermal shock and break melted surface areas of the heated body by the applied current ..... by the electrode coming in contact with these surface areas in solidified particles, the electrode coming into contact with the body in its position before a vibration cycle and supplying cooling fluid to the body when the electrode is in its rear position of the cycle and allowing coolant to drive the solidified particles both along the outside and inside of the electrode.
    [2]
    2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that a path on the. cooling fluid carrying particles solidified from the cutting end of the electrode into the interior of the electrode to limit its volume unless the volume of the cooling fluid has particles solidified from the cutting end on the outside the electrode.
    [3]
    3. A process according to claim 2, characterized in that the cooling fluid having solidified portions from the cutting end in the cooling medium is provided. the interior of the electrode by the dimension of an open area in a wall closing 1'extrémité-opposite-the electrode. ..... · · ·
    [4]
    4. Electrode (18) graphite for a metal disintegrator (10), characterized in that it comprises a columnar hollow body, the body having a skirt wall open to. one end and at least partially open at an end opposite to one end, the skirt wall having a plurality of holes (51) extending between said one end and the opposite end, adapted to drive the liquid cooling from the opposite end to the open end, the end. . open vessel having a purge zone configured to purge a portion of the volume of cooling fluid passing through the holes of the skirting wall.
    [5]
    The graphite electrode (18) according to claim 4, characterized in that the purge zone is from about 50 to 150% of the total cross-sectional area of the holes (51) of the skirt wall.
    [6]
    6. In combination, a graphite electrode (18) and a support (17) of the electrode (18) for use in a metal disintegrator (10), characterized in that the electrode (17) has a hollow body in a column having a skirt wall opening at one end, the skirt wall having a plurality of holes (51) extending between the one end and an opposite end, the holes (51) being adapted to conduct fluid from liquid cooling of the opposite end to the open end, which is increased in order to cooperate with the electrode and support it at its opposite end when the electrode (18) is mounted on a metal disintegrator (10), the electrode (18). and the support (17) is configured to purge a portion of the volume of the liquid coolant in a space between a workpiece that is disintegrated and an interior surface of the workpiece. skirt wall.
    [7]
    Combination according to Claim 6, characterized in that the support (17) is designed to conduct an electric decay current with the electrode (18).
    [8]
    '8. Combination according to claim 7, characterized in that one or both of the support (17) and the electrode (18) have purge zones which limit a volume. coolant passing through the said. space.
    [9]
    Combination according to Claim 8, characterized in that a cross-section of the limited area of the support (17) and / or the electrode (18) represents approximately 50 to 150% of the total cross-sectional area of the holes. in the skirt.
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    同族专利:
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    引用文献:
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    EP0154228A2|1984-02-28|1985-09-11|Westinghouse Electric Corporation|Electrode for disintegrating metallic material|
    US4743731A|1987-07-30|1988-05-10|Seuring Gene E|Disintegrating electrodes|
    JPH08118150A|1994-10-18|1996-05-14|Honda Motor Co Ltd|Electric discharge machining method|
    US5614108A|1995-12-07|1997-03-25|Ford Motor Company|Method and apparatus for fast hole electrical discharge machining|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US44921709A| true| 2009-07-08|2009-07-08|
    US44921709|2009-07-08|
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