DEVICES AND METHODS FOR SOIL SANITATION.

专利摘要:
The present invention describes devices or systems and a soil remediation method comprising contaminants, comprising the steps of: introducing into said soil at least one perforated column for extracting contaminants from a contaminated region of said ground; in close proximity to said at least one perforated column, introduced at least one non-perforated column to provide heat to said contaminated region of said soil; supplying heat to said at least one non-perforated column; extracting said contaminant vapor containing said soil contaminants from said contaminated region of said soil into said at least one perforated column; removing said contaminant vapor from said at least one perforated column, thereby providing a sanitized soil; wherein said at least one perforated column and said at least one non-perforated column can be connected to at least one surface device comprising a combustion, heating and control unit for heating and thus cleaning said floor.
公开号:BE1019865A3
申请号:E2011/0622
申请日:2011-10-24
公开日:2013-01-08
发明作者:Jan Haemers
申请人:Tps Technologies；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

DEVICES AND METHODS FOR SOIL SANITATION TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to the field of solid waste treatment and recycling, in particular soil remediation. The invention relates to methods and devices for cleaning soils containing contaminants, more particularly to methods and devices for volatilizing contaminants in the soil by thermal conduction and effectively using the devices. The methods and devices are particularly characterized in that the recycling is targeted, particularly in the field of construction, particularly in the field of geothermal energy.
CONTEXT
Contamination of surface and near-surface soils has become a subject of great concern in many places. Soil can become contaminated with chemicals, biologicals and / or radioactive contaminants. Material spills, storage tank leaks, and landfill seeps from poorly disposed materials are just a few examples of the many ways in which soil can become contaminated. If left in place, a number of these contaminants will end up in the aquifers, the air or the food chain, and could become public health hazards.
Many processes have been proposed for the removal of surface contaminants, such as excavation followed by incineration, in situ vitrification, biological treatment, chemical additives for deactivation, radiofrequency heating, etc. Although they offer good results in some applications, these processes can be very expensive and are not practical if several tons of soil must be treated.
One method that can be used to remove contaminants from the subsurface soil is a method of extracting soil vapor. In such a process, a vacuum is applied to the ground to draw air and vapor through the subsurface soil. The vacuum may be applied at a soil / air interface, or the vacuum may be applied by vacuum wells placed in the soil. Air and steam can entrain and transport volatile contaminants to the vacuum source. The gaseous effluent removed from the soil by the vacuum, which contains contaminants that were in the soil, is then transported to a treatment facility where it is treated to remove or reduce the contaminants to acceptable levels. The disadvantage of this process is that it is limited to the extraction of contaminants present as vapor.
In situ thermal desorption can be used to increase the efficiency of a soil vapor extraction process, vaporization of soil contaminants can be carried out by thermal desorption. In situ thermal desorption involves in-situ soil heating to raise soil temperature while simultaneously removing gaseous effluents from the soil. The heat added to contaminated soil can increase the soil temperature above the vaporization temperatures of contaminants in the soil and cause the contaminants to vaporize. A vacuum applied to the ground allows the vaporized contaminants to be sucked up from the ground.
A method of heating a soil comprising contaminants comprising injecting a heated fluid into the soil is described, for example, in EP 1604749. The method described herein is to introduce a system of perforated columns into the soil. . A stream of hot air is sent through the columns. Hot air is injected into the soil through perforations in the columns at the pipe perforations. A contaminant vapor is formed in the soil, which can be extracted from the soil through the perforations in the columns and disposed of in a flue gas treatment unit.
A major disadvantage of this process is that large amounts of energy are required for the heating process, much of which is lost during transport to or from the ground. The vaporized contaminants travel long distances through uninsulated heat-conducting material before reaching a treatment facility. The fuel needed for the heating process is expensive. From an energy point of view, this process is expensive and is not ecological. In addition, the perforated columns are expensive. Most of the cost is due to the perforation of the columns. Although columns can be reused a limited number of times in the same application, their recycling is limited to the same type of soil and / or contamination. Storing these columns before re-employability is expensive.
As a result, there remains a need in the art to further reduce the cost of the process and reduce its carbon footprint. The present invention aims to provide a solution to at least one of the above-mentioned problems by providing methods and devices for cleaning a soil comprising contaminants, which allow for energy savings, which is less expensive, easy to install, easy to use and suitable for use in next generation applications. In particular, the present invention aims to provide processes and soil remediation systems in which heat losses are reduced, while the transport of heated fluids is kept to a minimum. Furthermore, the present invention aims to provide a method and a soil remediation system in which the perforated columns which have been sunk into the ground for cleaning need not be removed after the soil has been cleaned up. but can be reused for other purposes.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method and a device for cleaning a soil comprising contaminants. The methods and systems described herein are intended to rid the soil of both volatile and semi-volatile contaminants. The methods and systems of the invention are applied to the cleaning of contaminated soil, in situ or after excavation of the contaminated soil. The invention is characterized in that the lumen of the columns of the contaminated soil cleaning system can be used for recycling the device, in particular geothermal pile and / or gravity pile.
In a first aspect, the invention provides a method for remedying a soil comprising contaminants, comprising the steps of: - introducing into said soil at least one perforated column for extracting contaminants from a contaminated region of said soil, - in the immediate vicinity of said at least one perforated column, introducing at least one non-perforated column to supply heat to said contaminated region of said soil, - supplying heat to said at least one non-perforated column (18), thereby heating said contaminated region of said soil to a temperature sufficient to cause vaporization of said soil contaminants and obtaining a contaminant vapor; - extracting said contaminant vapor containing said soil contaminants from said contaminated region of said soil in said at least one perforated column removing said contaminant vapor from said at least one perforated column, thereby providing a sanitized soil, wherein at least one perforated column and said at least one non-perforated column can be connected to at least one surface device comprising a combustion, heating and control unit for heating and thus cleaning said floor.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of remedying a soil comprising contaminants, comprising the steps of: - introducing and / or creating in said soil at least one vapor passage for the extraction of contaminants of a contaminated region of said soil, - in close proximity or in said at least one vapor passage, introducing at least one non-perforated column to supply heat to said contaminated region of said soil, - supplying heat to said at least one minus one unperforated column, thereby heating said contaminated region of said soil to a temperature sufficient to cause vaporization of said soil contaminants and obtaining a contaminant vapor; - extracting said contaminant vapor containing said soil contaminants from said contaminated region of said soil in said at least one vapor passage; - removing said contaminant vapor from said at least one vapor passage, provided thereby sanitized soil, wherein said at least one vapor passage and said at least one non-perforated column can be connected to at least one surface device comprising a combustion, heating and control unit for heating and thus cleaning said floor.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a method further comprising the steps of: providing said non-perforated column with fluid guiding means over at least a substantial portion of its length, and coupling said guiding means fluid to a network of conduits connected to said device located on the surface.
In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides a soil remediation method, wherein negative pressure is provided for extracting said contaminant vapor from said contaminated region of said soil.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a method wherein heat is supplied to said non-perforated column at a regular intermittent rate.
In another aspect, the invention provides a soil remediation device or system comprising contaminants, said device comprising at least one perforated column and at least one non-perforated column, wherein the at least one perforated column can be connected to a vacuum supply means for extracting a contaminant vapor from said soil, and wherein the non-perforated column has a pipe made from a heat conductive material, the pipe has a lumen extending in an axial direction at one end, the lumen is permanently closed, at the opposite end the lumen can be connected to a heat source for vaporization of said soil contaminants.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides a soil remediation device or system comprising contaminants, said device comprising at least one vapor passage and at least one non-perforated column, wherein the at least one vapor passage may be connected to a vacuum supply means for extracting a contaminant vapor from said soil, and wherein the non-perforated column has a pipe made from a heat-conducting material, the pipe has a lumen extending in an axial direction, at one end, the lumen is permanent, at the opposite end, the lumen can be connected to a heat source for the vaporization of said soil contaminants.
In a preferred embodiment, the vapor passage of the device or system according to the present invention is an excavated soil section.
In a further preferred embodiment, the excavated soil section of the device or system according to the present invention is provided with a vapor permeable material.
In another additional preferred embodiment, the average particle size of the vapor permeable material is between 2 and 8 mm, preferably between 3 and 7 mm, more preferably between 4 and 6 mm.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a device, wherein said lumen is provided over a substantial portion of the length of the at least one non-perforated column. The presence of the lumen will guide the flow of fluid. This is advantageous for improved heat supply.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a device, wherein a section of the lumen is provided with a heat retention material.
In a further preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a device, in which the heat retention material is removable.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a device, wherein said heat conductive material is steel, preferably stainless steel.
In another aspect, the invention relates to the use of a device according to one embodiment of the invention, for the remediation of a contaminated soil and to supply geothermal energy to a construction, said construction being preferably a building. A soil remediation device according to one embodiment of the invention can be advantageously recycled and used as a geothermal device.
In another aspect, the invention relates to the use of a device according to one embodiment of the invention, for the remediation of contaminated soil and to provide a caisson foundation for a construction. A soil remediation device according to one embodiment of the invention can be advantageously recycled and used in a stabilization means for a construction erected above the ground which is provided with the stabilization means, or in the immediate vicinity of that -this.
The method, device and uses provided by the invention are advantageous in that a multi-purpose system that incorporates different features is provided, thereby reducing construction time and allowing materials to be reused. The method provided by the invention reduces waste, saves energy because heat loss is reduced, reduces costs, and is easy to modify and easy to use.
DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Figure 1 is a diagram showing a top view of a heat conducting column (B) provided with a concentric pipe (A) for conveying a heated fluid in said column. In the immediate vicinity of the heat conductive column, a perforated column (C) is provided.
Figure 2 is an illustration of an embodiment of a soil remediation system according to the present invention. A perforated column is provided as a facing around the heat conductive column.
Figure 3 is an illustration of another embodiment of a soil remediation system according to the present invention. A perforated column is provided in close proximity to a heat conductive column.
Figure 4 shows a three-dimensional view of a heating module.
Fig. 5 is a diagram of the heating module shown in Fig. 4. A side view (Fig. 5A), a top view (Fig. 5b), and a front view (Fig. 5c) are shown respectively.
Figure 6 is an illustration of another embodiment of a soil remediation system according to the present invention. An excavated soil section is provided in close proximity to a heat conducting column.
Figure 7 is an illustration of another embodiment of a soil remediation system according to the present invention. A heat conducting column is placed in the excavated soil section.
Figure 8 is a diagram showing a soil remediation system comprising a pile of soil enclosed in three walls of stackable concrete sections and provided with a wall of soil remediation devices according to one embodiment of the invention .
Figure 9 is a schematic three-dimensional representation of an embodiment of a soil remediation device according to the present invention.
Figures 10a and 10b are an illustration of the regular intermittent operating rhythm with heat supply interval cycles followed by heat supply interrupt intervals according to one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 11 is a graph showing the temperature cycles of the heat retention material during the heat supply intervals and the heat supply interruption intervals of the regular intermittent operating rhythm according to one embodiment of the invention. . The y-axis represents the temperature in ° C of the heat-retention material and the x-axis represents the time in minutes.
Figure 12 is a graph showing another embodiment of a device adapted for use in soil remediation according to a method of the invention.
Although the invention is subject to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof are shown by way of example in the drawings and will be described in detail herein. The drawings may not be scaled. It should be understood, however, that the drawing and its detailed description are not intended to limit the invention to the particular form described, but, on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents and alternatives within the scope of the invention. spirit and scope of the present invention, as defined by the appended claims.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Unless otherwise indicated, all terms used in the disclosure of the invention, including technical and scientific terms, have the meaning commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this invention belongs. For the sake of precision, the definitions of terms are provided to better appreciate the teaching of the present invention.
As used herein, the following terms have the following meanings: "One," "an," and "the," and "the," as used herein, refer to both singular and plural referents, except if the context clearly indicates the opposite. For example, a "compartment" refers to one or more compartments.
"Approximate" as used herein, referring to a measurable value such as a parameter, a quantity, a time duration, and so on, is intended to encompass variations of +/- 20% or less, of preferably +/- 10% or less, more preferably +/- 5% or less, still more preferably +/- 1% or less, and still more preferably +/- 0.1% or less of the specified value and relative to to this, insofar as such variations can be applied to the described invention. However, it is understood that the value to which the "about" modifier refers is itself also specifically disclosed.
The terms "understand", "include", and "understands" and "dialing (s) of" as used herein are synonymous with "include", "comprising", "includes" or "containing", "containing" , "Contains" and are inclusive or open terms that specify the presence of the following, for example components, and do not exclude or exclude the presence of components, features, elements, additional steps not mentioned, known in the art or disclosed in this regard.
The designation of digital ranges by endpoints includes all numbers and fractions subsumed within this range, as well as the specified endpoints.
In particular, the present invention provides a device for the remediation of contaminated soil, also called "soil remediation device".
The present invention provides a method for sanitizing a soil comprising contaminants.
By "sanitize" or "sanitize" as used herein is meant a process for reducing the contaminant load. The term "cleaning" can be considered a synonym.
In the context of this description, the term "soil" includes, but is not limited to, sand, silt, clay, peat, organic matter and mixtures thereof.
The terms "contaminated soils" and "contaminated soils" are used here as synonyms and should be understood to include all types of soils that may be contaminated with chemical, biological and / or radioactive contaminants, including but not limited to frozen soils, very wet soils, soils with high clay content, soils containing coal residues, sediments, sludge, deposits, contaminated waste, cakes or other.
The term "contaminants" includes but is not limited to organic compounds, particularly hydrocarbons, including PAH-abbreviated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, BTEX and other aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons in the C10-C70 range, chlorinated solvents, abbreviated polychlorinated biphenyls PCBs, pesticides, MTBE and other organic products found in soil and groundwater, as well as inorganic compounds such as cyanides, mercury or other semi-volatile compounds.
The term "BTEX" as used herein should be understood to mean benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene. These are volatile monocyclic aromatic compounds found in coal tar and petroleum products. BTEX is the most soluble of the main gasoline compounds and can be a sign of contamination with gasoline.
The term "MTBE" as used herein should be understood to mean methyl tert-butyl ether, also called methyl tert-butyl ether, abbreviated as MTBE. MTBE is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C5H12O. MTBE is a volatile, flammable and colorless liquid. MTBE is a gasoline additive.
In particular, the present invention provides a method for sanitizing a soil comprising contaminants, comprising the step of: introducing a heat exchange device into said soil.
By the term "heat exchange device" used herein is meant a device capable of exchanging heat. The heat exchange device of the present invention preferably comprises one, more preferably at least two or more columns.
The at least two columns comprise a perforated column and an unperforated column. Both columns are provided with a lumen extending in the axial direction. By the term "lumen" used here, it is meant that the columns are hollow. Or in other words, an enclosed vertical space is provided. At one end, the lumen can be connected to a heat source; at the opposite end, the lumen is closed. The lumen may be provided at the closed end with a cone-shaped tip. This is advantageous for the insertion of the column into the soil.
The terms "columns", "pipes" and "tubes" are used herein as synonyms and should be understood to include heat conductive materials that can provide a columnar structure comprising a lumen. By the term "heat conducting materials" as used herein is meant materials capable of conducting heat, such as, but not limited to steel, stainless steel, metal or ceramic.
The unperforated column has a pipe made from a heat conductive material. In a preferred embodiment, said column is made of steel, preferably stainless steel.
The perforated column has a stainless steel or carbon steel pipe.
For the sake of clarity, the following description will relate to a system comprising at least two columns, in particular an assembly consisting of a perforated column and a non-perforated column, in which the non-perforated column is intended for heating the contaminated soil, and the perforated column is intended for extracting the vapors of contaminants from the heated soil in the immediate vicinity of the perforated column. It will be clear to those skilled in the art that the number of columns will vary depending on their size and the amount and condition of the soil to be cleaned of contaminants.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a device that can be used for in situ remediation of contaminated soil or for remediation of excavated soil. As synonymous with the word "device", the word "system" can be used.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a device comprising at least one non-perforated column 18 and a vapor passage 16, 19, 35, 38. In another preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a device for soil remediation comprising an assembly consisting of a non-perforated column 18 and a steam passage 16, 19, 35, 38. The non-perforated column 18 is used to heat the contaminated soil. The vapor passage may be a perforated column 16, 19 or an excavated soil section 35, 38. The vapor passage is used to extract the contaminant vapors from the heated soil near the vapor passage. It will be clear to those skilled in the art that the number of columns and steam passages will vary depending on their size and the amount and condition of soil to be cleaned of contaminants.
Columns suitable for use in the invention include a lumen. By the term "lumen" used herein is meant that the columns are hollow. Or in other words, an enclosed space is provided. The provision of a lumen provides space for the insertion of a tube, for example, inside the column. In a preferred embodiment, the non-perforated column 18 comprises a concentric fluid introduction pipe 17.
The columns can have any desired cross-sectional shape including, but not limited to, triangular, rectangular, square, hexagonal, ellipsoidal, round, or oval. Preferably, the pipes have a substantially ellipsoidal, round, or oval cross-sectional shape. In a preferred embodiment, the columns have a substantially round cross-sectional shape.
In a preferred embodiment, the columns are not threaded. Preferably, said soil remediation device comprises one or more non-threaded heat conducting columns. More preferably, the soil remediation device comprises one, preferably at least two or more, non-threaded and non-perforated heat conducting columns.
Soil remediation in situ
Figure 1 illustrates a top view of an embodiment of the soil remediation device, wherein a non-perforated column (B) is provided with a concentric pipe (A) for conveying a heated fluid in said column. In the immediate vicinity of the heat conductive column a perforated column (C) is provided.
The introduction of this soil remediation device is preferably carried out by inserting said columns in said soil by pressure. Pushing the columns into the soil by pressure is advantageous because it makes it possible to optimize the contact between the columns and the ground. This stabilizes the soil surrounding said device.
One or more of said steam passages are introduced and / or created in said soil. Figure 2 and Figure 3 illustrate an embodiment of the soil remediation device where one or more of said perforated columns 16, 19, used as steam passages, are introduced substantially vertically into said contaminated soil. Said perforated columns 16, 19 are positioned at an orientation of between 80 ° (substantially vertically) and 90 ° (vertically) relative to the ground surface. The columns are preferably placed in the ground in the upright position.
Figure 6 and Figure 7 illustrate an embodiment of the present invention wherein excavated soil sections 35, 38, used as steam passages, are created substantially vertically in said contaminated soil. Said excavated soil sections are positioned at an orientation of between 80 ° (substantially vertically) and 90 ° (vertically) relative to the ground surface. The excavated soil sections are preferably created in the ground in an upright position.
The perforated column has a stainless steel or carbon steel pipe.
The excavated soil section may be filled with a vapor permeable material such as, but not limited to, gravel or sand; preferably coarse sand. The average particle size of the vapor permeable material is between 2 and 8 mm, preferably between 3 and 7 mm, more preferably between 4 and 6 mm.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a method comprising heating said sol by thermal conduction at a temperature sufficient to cause vaporization of said soil contaminants. Preferably, the soil is heated by thermal conduction by circulating a heated fluid through said soil. In addition to allowing greater removal of contaminants from the soil, increased soil heat can result in the destruction of contaminants in situ, for example, contaminants such as hydrocarbon contaminants and / or chlorinated hydrocarbon contaminants.
Conductive heating occurs when two material media or two objects are in direct contact, and the temperature of one is greater than the temperature of the other. Thermal conduction consists of a transfer of kinetic energy from the hottest medium to the coldest medium. The term "conduction" as used herein is therefore intended to refer to all types of heat transfer in which heat is moved from one (hottest) object to another (colder) object through direct contact. . It should be understood that in the present invention, when reference is made to heat transfer by conduction, a very small amount of heat is generally also transferred to the ground by radiation.
The temperature required to vaporize soil contaminants is provided by said heat exchange device. Floor heating can be achieved by means of ducts which are made of a heat conducting material and which are in communication with a heat source. The heat source can provide a heated fluid to flow in the pipes. Controlling the temperature of the heat source to a desired temperature then results in an increase in temperature in the pipes and heat is conducted from the pipes into the soil in which they are driven. The elevation of soil temperature surrounding the columns to a temperature sufficient to cause vaporization of soil contaminants provides vaporized soil contaminants.
The lines are heated by sending and circulating a heated fluid, such as air and / or high temperature gas through the lines. Preferably, the air / gas at high temperature is heated to a temperature between 300 ° C and 850 ° C, more preferably between 300 ° C and 800 ° C, more preferably between 500 ° C and 750 ° C, and ideally between 550 ° C and 750 ° C. An extremely high temperature can also be used essentially depending on the temperature limitations of the perforated columns. Thus, in cases where the perforated columns used can withstand extremely high temperatures, namely 1000 to 1500 ° C, a correspondingly high temperature / air supply can be employed. The heat is transferred to the ground by thermal conduction and gradually raises the temperature of the soil. A small amount of heat will also be transferred to the ground by radiation. The high temperature of the soil causes contaminants in the contaminated soil to volatilize, producing a contaminated vapor.
According to the present invention, the floor is heated by conductive heating, which is particularly advantageous since the temperatures obtainable by this heating are not limited by the amount of water present in the soil and are almost not influenced. by the heterogeneity of the soil. Soil temperatures well above the boiling point of water can be obtained by using heat conduction heating. Soil temperatures of at least about 100 ° C, 125 ° C, 150 ° C, 200 ° C, 350 ° C, 400 ° C, 500 ° C, 600 ° C, 700 ° C, 800 ° C or higher can be obtained using heat conduction heating.
The contaminant vapor is removed from the soil by extracting the contaminant vapor from said soil through one or more steam passages.
In a preferred embodiment, the contaminant vapor is removed from the soil by extracting contaminant vapor from said soil in said heat exchange device. This can be achieved by providing the columns of the heat exchange device with perforations. In a preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a method, wherein said one or more vertical perforated columns are perforated. The columns can be perforated by digging, punching or piercing perforations in the longitudinal walls of the columns.
Perforations in the perforated columns may be, but are not limited to, holes and / or slots. Preferably, between 5% and 50% of the surface of a column is provided with holes and / or slots. It is particularly preferred that a large amount of small perforations be provided on the column. The columns may have multiple perforated areas at different positions along a length of the pipe. When the columns are inserted into the ground, the perforated areas may be located adjacent to layers of contaminated soil. Alternatively, the perforations may be provided along the entire length of the columns. In a preferred embodiment, the perforation zone corresponds to the upper half of the length of the pipe.
Preferably, said heat exchange device comprises one or more perforated and unthreaded heat conducting columns.
Preferably, said heat exchange device comprises at least two perforated and unthreaded heat conducting columns.
In a preferred embodiment, the columns have a diameter that is between 5 and 40 cm, preferably between 8 and 25 cm, more preferably between 10 and 20 cm. In a preferred embodiment, the columns have a substantially round cross-sectional shape. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the columns have a substantially round transverse shape and have a diameter that is between 5 and 40 cm, preferably between 8 and 25 cm, more preferably between 10 and 20 cm.
The columns have a length preferably between 1 and 50 m, more preferably between 4 and 30 m, ideally between 6 and 20 m.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the contaminant vapor is removed from the soil by extracting the contaminant vapor from said soil through one or more steam passages. This can be achieved by creating an excavated soil section in close proximity to the non-perforated heat conducting column (Fig. 6). The depth of the excavated soil section corresponds to at least the upper half of the length of the non-perforated heat conductive column. The excavated soil section may be filled with a vapor permeable material such as, but not limited to, gravel or sand; preferably coarse sand. This is advantageous since the gravel can be left in the steam passage created for later use of the sanitized soil, thus reducing the workload.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the contaminant vapor is removed from the soil by extracting the contaminant vapor from said soil through one or more steam passages. This can be achieved by creating an excavated soil section 38 in which the non-perforated heat conductive column will be emplaced (Fig. 7). The depth of the excavated soil section is equal to the length of the conductive column of the non-perforated heat. The excavated soil section may be filled with a vapor permeable material such as, but not limited to, gravel or sand; preferably coarse sand.
The contaminant vapor is sucked into the perforated columns. The entrainment of soil vaporized soil contaminants into the perforated columns can be achieved by imposing a negative pressure on the perforated columns, for example by connecting the columns to a vacuum system. The vacuum system may be able to produce a vacuum in the range of 50 Pa to 5000 Pa. The vacuum system may also be able to produce a vacuum in the range of 100 Pa to 1500 Pa. vacuum could be a fan or a hydraulic seal pump.
The contaminant vapor is drawn into the excavated soil sections. The entrainment of soil vaporized soil contaminants into the excavated soil sections can be achieved by imposing a negative pressure on the excavated soil sections, for example by connecting the excavated soil section to a vacuum system. The vacuum system may be able to produce a vacuum in the range of 50 Pa to 5000 Pa. The vacuum system may also be able to produce a vacuum in the range of 100 Pa to 1500 Pa. could be a fan or a hydraulic seal pump.
Soil contaminants removed from the soil are transported away, leaving behind a soil in which contaminants have been removed. The soil is substantially free of said contaminants. The described cleaning process provides a sanitized soil.
Sprayed soil contaminants can be removed from the soil for further processing. It is advantageous that almost all the vapor of the volatilized contaminants is prevented from escaping into the environment. Preferably, a nearly closed-loop system is used. Preferably, the contaminant vapor is treated in a waste gas treatment unit, which is preferably a catalytic or thermal oxidation unit. Contaminants are catalytically oxidized. The contaminant vapor is thus substantially converted to a liquid comprising carbon dioxide and water. Catalytic oxidation generates carbon dioxide and water vapor without the emission of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides (NO and / or NO 2) and unburned hydrocarbons.
In a state of the art process, the columns would be removed from the soil at the end of the soil cleaning process. Although these columns can be reused for the same application a number of times, they are eventually discarded.
The inventor realized that the lumen of the columns provides a space that could be adapted for other purposes. In particular, a method is provided whereby said lumen of this heat exchange device is converted to a geothermal device or a stability supply means.
A method is provided comprising the step of: converting the unperforated column into a stability providing means for said sanitized soil and / or erectable structure on said sanitized soil. The conversion comprises the following steps: - selecting unperforated columns of length, diameter and thickness to ensure the stability of said soil and / or a structure to be built on said soil, - introducing one or more unperforated columns into the contaminated soil, thereby providing stabilized contaminated soil, - removing perforated columns from said previously contaminated soil area after cleaning, and - connecting said one or more non-perforated columns to a structure, providing thus a stabilized structure.
By the term "geothermal device" as used herein is meant an energy conservation device that uses energy from a natural source of heat or cold within the earth. A geothermal device can be used to heat or cool a structure, to provide heated water for use in the structure, or to generate electricity for use in the structure.
During the day, the surface of the Earth heats up in the sun and cools again at night. The duration during which this happens also depends on the season. These temperature changes resulting from the alternation of day and night and the influence of the seasons have an effect on the soil to a specific depth. From a certain depth, calculated approximately from 2 meters deep, the soil temperature is more or less constant. By placing below this depth a heat exchanger in the form of a geothermal pile, it is possible, depending on the soil temperature at the surface, to achieve heating or cooling.
After cleaning, a part of the device, in particular the surface portions for heating are replaced.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a method comprising the step of replacing a fluid introduction conduit disposed within said non-perforated conduit with a liquid transport tube.
The columns in the soil are disconnected from the combustion, heating and control unit on the surface. Instead, the columns are connected to a network of surface pipes, preferably plastic pipes, more preferably pipes of high density polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride, themselves connected to a heat pump.
At the end of the remediation phase in which the soil is cleaned, the stainless steel inner pipe is preferably replaced by a plastic, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or high-density polyethylene (HDPE) inner pipe. example. A stainless steel inner pipe is used during the sanitation phase.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a method comprising the step of connecting said lumen to a pipe network connected to a heat pump.
Activation of the geothermal function can be performed at any desired time; more particularly, both after the completion of all cleaning activities and after a structure, such as a house, has been used for a shorter or longer period.
By circulating a fluid through the lumen of these columns by means of a heat pump installation, the columns act as a heat exchanger between the fluid and the soil surrounding the columns introduced into the cleaned soil.
In a preferred embodiment of the method of the invention, said columns are closed using a connecting piece with a lateral termination connection base. By using said connecting piece, the connection between the outer columns and a heat pump can be established at any desired time. Until then, the columns can be closed so as not to disturb the activities before and after the erection of a structure, such as a house, on the cleaned floor. This is advantageous because it means that the installation of the system can be put into service at any desired time, and thus also long after all the construction activities have been completed. This possibility is particularly attractive from an economic point of view, since the columns can, subsequently and at no additional cost, be made suitable for use as a geothermal energy system. Given the ever-increasing costs of energy and increasing awareness of the environment, this can be a very useful option. In addition, remaining accessible during post-installation use has benefits, including inspection, repair, maintenance and replacement.
It may be advantageous, in addition to reusing the non-perforated columns, to also reuse the perforated columns. Preferably, the perforated columns are first converted to non-perforated columns. The perforations may for example be closed by installing a tube or lining inside the perforated columns, thus obtaining a non-perforated lumen. The perforated column provided with a tube or an inner lining can then be equipped in its lumen, for example, with a U-tube for the transport of liquid. The liquid can be transported down into the U-tube and then back up again. During transport, the liquid can absorb heat from the ground or transmit heat to the ground. The coated column provided with a liquid transport means can thus be used as part of a geothermal energy supply system. In a preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a method comprising the step of closing said perforations, thereby providing liquid-tight columns.
A technique suitable for closing said perforations is provided by the polymerized on-site piping (CPPI) technology. A target column is inspected and, if necessary, cleaned. A flexible tube impregnated with a resin is installed inside said target column. The tube can be installed by inversion. Once the resin has hardened, an inner tube is formed. It can be used as a lining for the conductive conduct of heat. The liner preferably covers at least the regions of the column with perforations. The use of on-site polymerization technology to close said perforations is advantageous because it avoids the necessity of using a prefabricated tube. The required space is reduced. The flexible tube is adjustable to meet the different requirements of length, diameter and pressure. This makes this technology versatile to use.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a method comprising the step of inverting and polymerizing a resin-impregnated flexible tube within said one or more perforated vertical columns.
The flexible tube may be adhered to the inner wall of the one or more perforated vertical columns. This is advantageous because the rattling of a tube inside a column can thus be avoided. Noise levels are reduced. The new lumen thus formed may have a larger diameter compared to a tube that is not adhered.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a method comprising the step of adhering said tube to said one or more perforated vertical columns.
The invention further provides a heat exchange device comprising one or more perforated heat conducting columns integrable into the ground. Said heat exchange system is suitable for use in a method according to an embodiment of the invention. In particular, the invention proposes a thermal heat exchange device for remediation of a soil comprising contaminants, comprising one or more columns designed in perforated pipe form, made from a heat-conducting material, provided with an axially extending lumen, permanently closed at one end by a cone shaped tip for introducing said one or more columns into said contaminated soil, and having at the opposite end the lumen-closing connecting means, which connecting means for connecting a fluid introduction conduit which is in communication with a heat source for volatilization of contaminants in said soil, characterized in that said lumen is adapted for create a circulation of fluid in the lumen through separation means, such as pipes or pipes, which must be provided on at least one p part of the length and which can be coupled to a fluid circulation circuit located outside the column, thus constituting a geothermal device.
The separating means may be composed of a pipe which is inserted, via a connection base, into the column to a point near the lower end of the lumen. The separation means may also be formed by a rigid pipe rather than a flexible pipe.
The fluid flow circuit may include a piping system fed with a fluid from a boiler or similar facility, such as a heat pump, to influence the temperature of the fluid.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a device, in which one or more of said perforated heat-conducting columns are provided along their axis with a zone of perforations, so that when said device is positioned in said soil for cleaning, said perforation zone corresponds to a layer of said soil comprising contaminants.
V
The perforations are designed to allow continuous airflow for the extraction of soil at any depth. Therefore, the size and diameter / shape of the perforations are essential for a smooth extraction of the vapors, combined with a precise control of the airflow through the valve (item 10 - Fig. 2). In a preferred embodiment, the columns have perforations of round, oval, square or longitudinal shape, which occupy between 1 and 20% of the total surface area, preferably between 2 and 25%, more preferably between 3 and 10%.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a device, wherein said length, said diameter and said thickness are selected such that said one or more heat-conducting perforated columns are means for supplying geothermal energy. This has the effect that the columns serve as geothermal piles.
The length of the pipe depends on the parameters required for use as a means of thermal heat exchange and supply of geothermal energy. The length of the column preferably corresponds to the depth of the contamination in the soil to be treated. On the other hand, the more energy savings of the geothermal system are expected, the longer the columns must be.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a device, wherein said one or more columns have a length of at least 10 meters, preferably at least 15 meters, generally around 20 meters. Preferably, the outer pipe has a length of between 1 and 100 meters, more preferably between 10 and 80 meters, even more preferably between 15 and 50 meters, ideally about 20 meters. Preferably, the inner pipe has a length equal to the length of the outer pipe minus 50 cm.
In a preferred embodiment, the inner pipe has a length equal to the length of the outer pipe minus 10 to 50 cm depending on the length of the outer pipe. For smaller exterior pipes, the sedan will be shorter by 10 cm. For longer outer pipes, the length of the inner pipe is up to 50 cm shorter than the length of the outer pipe.
The diameter of the column depends on its length. If a sedan is used, this also determines the diameter to be selected for the column. The deeper the column and the inner pipe, the larger the diameter of the column.
Preferably, the diameter of the inner pipe is between 75 and 85% of the diameter of the outer column. More preferably, the diameter of the inner pipe is about 80% of the diameter of the outer column. The exact diameter is to be determined by an ad hoc calculation based on the air flow and the mass balance needed to heat the pipe and the soil around it. It also depends on the distance between the columns and the initial concentration and the type of contaminants in the soil.
In a preferred embodiment of a device according to the invention and as shown in Figures 6 and 7, a heat retention material 36 is provided on a substantial part of the space created between the outer pipe and the 17. Said heat retention material 36 is removable. This is advantageous in that the supply of heat to the heat exchange device can be interrupted when the heat retention material 36 reaches a certain temperature of at least 750 ° C. During the heat interruption time, heat will be transferred from the heat retention material 36 to the column pipe and the surrounding soil. Heat will again be provided to the heat exchange columns as the temperature of the heat retention material 36 drops to a temperature of about 550 ° C. Thus, a regular intermittent operating rhythm, with cycles of heat supply intervals followed by heat supply interrupt intervals, which allows considerable energy savings, can be used. The heat supply and heat supply interruption time intervals depend on the nature and particle size of the heat-retention material used, as well as the dimensions of the space filled with said heat-retention material. the heat. A heat-retaining material such as, but not limited to, alumina ceramic beads can be used, since it is characterized by good thermal conductivity, excellent insulating properties, high mechanical strength and low cost. The retention medium could also be a thick metal or other material with high thermal resistance. The thickness of the metal is between 5 and 15 mm, and more preferably, the thickness of the metal is between 7 and 10 mm.
Figure 10a is an illustration of the regular intermittent operating rhythm during the heat supply intervals according to one embodiment of the invention. Heat 60 is supplied to the inner tube 17, which results in heating of the heat retention material (represented by the checkered zone) and the non-perforated column 18.
Figure 10b is an illustration of the regular intermittent operating rhythm during the heat supply interruption intervals according to one embodiment of the invention. Heat 60 retained by the heat retention material (represented by the checkered zone) is transferred through the non-perforated column 18 to the surrounding soil.
Figure 11 is a graph showing the temperature cycles of the heat retention material according to one embodiment of the soil remediation device. During the initial heating phase 61, where heat is supplied to the inner tube 17 for the first time, the temperature of the heat retention material increases rapidly and reaches 750 ° C in about 10 minutes. At this point, the heat supply interruption interval begins. The heat is no longer delivered to the inner tube 17 and heat is transferred from the heat retention material to the surrounding soil as shown in Figure 10b. The temperature of the heat-retention material will gradually decrease, corresponding to a cooling phase 63. When the temperature of the heat-retention material reaches about 550 ° C (about 20 minutes later), the following interval of supply of heat heat 62 begins. It is clear from this figure that the heat supply interval is shorter than the heat supply interruption interval, about 10 minutes and 20 minutes respectively. This is advantageous because it will result in substantial energy savings.
The thickness of the column is preferably at least 3 mm. In a preferred embodiment of a device according to the invention, the column has a wall thickness of at least 3 mm, more preferably at least 5 mm, ideally at least 10 mm. This thickness is advantageous for pushing the column into the ground instead of turning it in the ground. By pushing the column into the soil rather than rotating it, optimal contact is achieved between the outer tube and the surrounding soil. This has the effect that the column serves as a means of reinforcing stability for the surrounding soil. The improved contact with the soil improves the heat transfer in the geothermal operation of the device.
In a preferred embodiment of a device according to the invention, the device comprises a two-pipe column comprising an outer column provided with an inner column. In a preferred embodiment of a device according to the invention, the non-perforated column has two pipes, comprising an outer column provided with an inner column. In a more preferred embodiment, said outer column is provided over a substantial portion of its length with a liquid introduction line. Preferably, said outer column is made of steel, more preferably stainless steel. Said inner column is replaceable. Preferably, for the purification phase, the inner column, adapted as a fluid introduction pipe, is also made of stainless steel. Preferably, for the phase in which the column is used for the supply of geothermal energy, the inner column is polyvinyl chloride, abbreviated by PVC or high density polyethylene, abbreviated HDPE. Preferably, the thickness of the inner pipe is at least 1.5 mm, more preferably at least 2 mm, ideally at least 3 mm.
Preferably, the length of the inner pipe is defined by the depth of the contamination in the soil to be treated and by the depth of the soil which is sufficient to cool / heat the liquid transported in the lumen of said device to a desired temperature.
The outer surface of the pipe is formed in a manner that improves the coefficient of friction of the pipe itself to the surrounding ground and therefore increases the structural lift coefficient of the pipe.
By the term "structural lift coefficient" used herein is meant the ability of the pipe to support a certain amount of weight, based on the frictional force exerted by said pipe with the surrounding ground. This friction force is the lift coefficient that allows a structural weight to be placed on it (like a building).
A lift coefficient of a conduit adapted for use in the present invention depends on the weight of the building it is supposed to support. Once the weights are known, an on-site test should be performed to determine the depth to which the pipe is to be placed in order to provide a sufficient lift coefficient for the proposed construction. Such a test is well known to one skilled in the art.
The columns of the sanitizer of the invention have a length which makes them suitable for geothermal and / or stability purposes. At the same time, thanks to the improved friction, the length needed to reach the lift coefficient required for driving is reduced.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a device wherein said pipe has a smooth surface and is not provided with structures such as threads.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, said two-pipe stainless steel columns are connected to an oxidation unit comprising a heat exchanger and an oxidation device.
The heat exchanger can be used as a heating means to provide a heated fluid, preferably a flow of air, to said two-pipe stainless steel columns so that the outside pipe is heated, and heat is exchanged with the ground. surrounding, thus volatilizing the contaminants present in said soil.
In a preferred embodiment, said heat exchanger is provided with a conduit for transferring heat.
The oxidation device may have different designs, depending on availability and limitations on the site. Suitable designs for an embodiment of a device according to the invention may be as follows.
In a preferred embodiment, said oxidation device comprises an electric preheating means, such as an electrical resistor. In a preferred embodiment, said preheating means is an electrical resistor. An air / fuel mixture can be introduced into said preheating device and heated to a temperature of at least 350 ° C. The heated mixture can be transferred to a catalytic oxidation device where the heated air / fuel mixture is further heated to temperatures of between 650 and 750 ° C. The hot air mixture with a temperature between 650 and 750 ° C is used as the main heat source for the sanitation process.
In another preferred embodiment, said oxidation device comprises an electric heating means, such as an electrical resistance. In a preferred embodiment, said heating means is an electrical resistor. An air / fuel mixture may be heated to a minimum of 650 ° C, preferably at least 750 ° C. This temperature is necessary for a complete and efficient oxidation of the air / fuel mixture and a sufficient energy transfer in the hot air flow. Said flow of hot air can serve as a main heat source for the sanitation process.
In another preferred embodiment, said oxidation device comprises a conventional flame combustion unit. In said unit, an air / fuel mixture is oxidized at a temperature of at least 750 ° C. This temperature is necessary for complete and efficient oxidation of the air / fuel mixture. This allows sufficient energy to be transferred into the hot air stream so that it can serve as the main heat source for the sanitation process.
In a preferred embodiment of a device according to the invention, said device comprises at least one or more two-pipe stainless steel columns (Unit D) driven into the contaminated soil, connected to a surface device comprising a unit combustion, heating and control (Unit E) for heating and thus cleaning said floor.
In a preferred embodiment of a device according to the invention, said device comprises at least one or more two-pipe stainless steel columns (Unit D) driven into the contaminated soil, connected to a surface device containing a unit combustion, heating and control (Unit E) for heating and thus cleaning said floor. After cleaning said floor, unit E is preferably disconnected from unit D and removed. The inner tube is preferably removed, together with unit E, from unit D, comprising said two-pipe stainless steel columns. The remaining outer column of unit D improves soil stability and provides great stability during and after cleaning. The at least one or more outer columns are used as a substitute for piles or pillars.
In a preferred embodiment, said unit E further comprises a recirculation fan. This recirculation fan is used to regulate air flows. The use of a recirculation fan is advantageous for providing a proper heat transfer in the soil. The recirculation fan may also serve as an extraction device for removing contaminant vapor from said two-pipe stainless steel columns.
In a preferred embodiment, said unit F further comprises a fuel injection means. By the term "fuel" is meant here a liquid or a gas. The fuel injection device can be used to inject a quantity of fuel into a cold air flow. The airflow comprising the fuel is conducted in the oxidation unit for oxidation. Preferably, the oxidation takes place as close as possible to the stoichiometry. When the chemical equilibrium of the combustion reaction is stoichiometric, no surplus fuel is present. Therefore, no unburned fuel, which would constitute a loss, is present. This is advantageous since the fuel consumption is reduced.
In a preferred embodiment, said unit E further comprises a control and regulation means. Preferably, said control and regulating means comprises a vapor extraction flow control valve, a fresh air inlet valve and a thermocouple.
Said vapor extraction flow control valve can be used for the regulation of the negative pressure applied to said soil in order to extract the vapors generated in the soil by heating. Said valve is advantageous for optimizing the heating process. Preferably, the valve is closed at the beginning of the heating process. It is opened as the soil warms up and vapors begin to be generated.
Said fresh air inlet valve can be used for regulating the amount of fresh air / oxygen placed in the unit E. This amount is preferably equilibrated with the amount of oxygen necessary for complete combustion. contaminants removed from said soil. Preferably, the amount also remains balanced with the energy released by the system, for example by releasing energy at an exhaust point.
The thermocouple serves to regulate fuel injection as well as airflow valves, and as a primary measure for complete combustion.
In a preferred embodiment, said components of the unit E are located in a containment box, more preferably in a containment box in which all the voids are isolated, ideally in an insulated containment box, used as a storage device of fuel. Preferably, said fuel storage device stores a total of at least three days of combustion fuel. The use of a fuel storage device is advantageous because it allows the sanitation system (unit D in combination with unit E) to operate without the need for a fixed fuel supply system. This improves the flexibility and applicability of the process in on-site locations. This improves the speed of implementation and startup.
In another aspect, the invention relates to the use of a device according to one embodiment of the invention as a geothermal device. In a preferred embodiment of a use according to the present invention, said geothermal device serves to heat / cool a structure.
The term "structure" as used herein refers to surface structures, including buildings, roads, aerodromes, runways, rail beds, fences, swimming pools, parking areas, etc. In a preferred embodiment, said structure is a building, more preferably a house.
The invention provides a multi-purpose plumbing system incorporating a lumen designed for multiple features such as a lumen of a soil remediation device and geothermal heating / cooling. Since the outer columns can remain in the soil after the remediation process, part of the geothermal heating / cooling device is already in place, and as a result, it reduces the construction time. The reuse of materials also reduces waste. It is an environmentally friendly construction process. The total cost for remediation followed by the installation of a geothermal system can be reduced. The supplied system is easily modifiable and easy to use.
Remediation of excavated soil
In another aspect, the invention relates to the use of a device according to one embodiment of the invention for the remediation of excavated soil. A thermal heat exchange device according to one embodiment of the invention is characterized by the presence of a panel which is directly connectable to at least two perforated and non-perforated columns. The panel is used for the generation of a heated fluid and for the reduction of soil contaminants.
The thickness of the column is preferably at least 1 mm. In a preferred embodiment of a device according to the invention, the column has a wall thickness of at least 1 mm, more preferably at least 2 mm, ideally at least 3 mm. This thickness is advantageous for pushing the column into the ground instead of turning it in the ground. By pushing the column into the ground instead of turning it, optimal contact is obtained between the outer pipe and the surrounding ground. This causes the column to act as a means of enhancing stability for the surrounding soil. Improved soil contact improves heat transfer during remediation.
In a preferred embodiment, the columns have a substantially round cross-sectional shape. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the columns have a substantially round transverse shape and have a diameter which is between 1 and 10 cm, preferably between 2 and 8 cm, more preferably between 3 and 7 cm. The diameter of the perforated columns may remain relatively small since their sole purpose is to extract the gases that are generated by the increase in temperature (volatilization). Therefore, this only requires a very limited pressure drop as well as a low flow rate. The diameter of the perforated columns is between 1 and 15 cm, preferably between 2 and 10 cm, more preferably between 2.5 and 3.5 cm. When gravel is used as a permeable medium, the length of the columns can be further reduced.
Preferably, the diameter of the inner pipe is between 30% and 75% of the diameter of the outer column. Preferably, the diameter of the inner pipe is about 70% of the diameter of the outer column. The exact diameter is to be determined by an ad hoc calculation based on the air flow and mass balance required for heating the pipe and the soil around it. It also depends on the distance between the columns and the initial concentration and the type of contaminants in the soil.
The length of the pipe depends on the parameters required for use as a means of thermal heat exchange and supply of geothermal energy. The length of the column is preferably adjusted to the amount of soil to be treated. The columns have a length preferably between 3 and 100 meters, more preferably between 5 and 75 m, ideally between 10 and 50 m.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the distance between the individual columns is between 0.5 m and 2 m, preferably between 0.8 and 1.8 m, more preferably between 1 and 1.6 m, and ideally around 1.5 m.
The panel is equipped with a heat source. Preferably, the heat source provided in said panel comprises a heat exchanger and an oxidation device. The heat exchanger serves as a preheating device for fresh and cold air required for combustion. The heat exchanger uses the combustion exhaust gas, after passing through the columns, as a hot source in the exchange. The combustion takes place after the heat exchanger and is based on the heat exchanger heating the air preheated to a higher temperature, suitable for reaching treatment temperatures in the columns and therefore by conduction in the soil .
The heat source can be activated by means of gas, propane, liquid fossil fuels, other liquid or gaseous fuels as well as electricity. For this purpose, the panel is provided with means for supplying a fuel and means for supplying electricity to said panel.
In a preferred embodiment, said heat source is a catalytic heater. The heating device comprises a heating plate of heat-resistant material, preferably a ceramic. Near or over the surface of the plate, a mesh of oxidation catalyst, preferably a metal, more preferably a platinum-based oxidation catalyst is provided. Near the oxidation catalyst mesh, a thermocouple 13 is provided. The heater is further provided with a fuel supply means, such as a fuel inlet. The fuel inlet is positioned near the surface of the oxidation catalyst. The heating device is also provided with a means for supplying electricity. The electricity supply means, such as an electrical element, is positioned outside the panel.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the catalytic heater is housed in a box-shaped metal body. The plate of a heat-resistant material forms a wall in the box-shaped metal body. Preferably, said heating plate is a perforated plate. Preferably, the heating plate is made of a heat resistant material. More preferably, the heating plate is made of a ceramic material.
The horizontal surface of the plate is positioned perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the non-perforated and perforated tubes. The surface of the oxidation catalysts provided on the top of the plate is turned inward towards the open end of the unperforated and perforated columns. Thus, the heat resistant plate is directed outward. This configuration is advantageous because the heat resistant material serves to isolate the heat source from the outside environment. A wall of panels of this configuration is advantageous. The treated contaminated soil is thermally insulated. Thermal losses are reduced.
Providing the panel with a heat source is advantageous because it generates heat in the immediate vicinity of the perforated columns which are adapted to transport heat to the interior of the contaminated soil. Heat losses can be reduced. The heat losses are further reduced by also connecting the perforated columns to the heat source. Contaminant vapors extracted from the soil can thus be transported with a minimum amount of heat loss to the heat source where they can be destroyed. The use of flexible tubes is avoided.
In a preferred embodiment, the infrared catalytic panel is a ventilated infrared catalytic panel.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a thermal heat exchange device wherein the at least one perforated column is connected to a vacuum means for extracting contaminant vapor from said soil. By means of vacuum means here a device capable of providing a pressure deviating from the atmospheric pressure.
In a more preferred embodiment, the heating plate is made of a heat resistant material having a plurality of microperforations orthogonal to the flat surface of the plate. This is advantageous because the volume provided by the microperforations can be used to connect the inside of the metal body, where the heating takes place and the oxygen is needed to ensure the process, to the external environment. The space provided by the microperforations provides ducts to conduct the air inside the box. When leaving the heat resistant plate, the air meets the gas, resulting in an air / gas mixture for combustion.
The catalytic panel operates on the basis of catalytic combustion. By the term "catalytic combustion" is meant here a chemical oxidation reaction activated by means of a catalyst.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a thermal heat exchange device in which the at least one perforated column is provided in a material that is capable of withstanding the temperatures of the non-perforated column when heated, and the at least one perforated column is provided over a substantial portion of the length of the at least one non-perforated column.
The heating source, preferably a catalytic oxidation device or a conventional burner, is located in the middle of the triangle formed by the columns. It is placed parallel to the columns themselves and the air leaving the oxidation device is sent through a stainless steel pipe and well insulated inside the panel towards the open end of the pipe of the pipe. perforated. Thus, the heat is immediately transferred into said inner pipe, then to the closed end of the pipe where it returns to the panel by the space left between the two non-perforated columns. It leaves these columns to be sent into a heat exchanger where the air is cooled to a lower temperature before being released into the atmosphere. Cooling in the heat exchanger heats the outside air before it enters the combustor, preferably a conventional catalytic oxidation or burning device.
In another aspect, the invention provides a method of remedying a soil comprising contaminants, comprising the steps of: - excavating a soil comprising contaminants, - introducing into said soil at least two perforated columns for the extraction contaminants of said soil, - in the immediate vicinity of said at least two perforated columns, introducing at least two non-perforated columns to provide heat to said ground, - connecting the at least two perforated and non-perforated columns to a single panel provided with means of heating and extraction means, - sending an electrical current to said panel so as to preheat said panel, - mixing air and gas to provide an air / gas mixture, - burning said air / gas mixture on said preheated panel in order to obtain a heated fluid, - transporting said heated fluid to said at least two non-perforated columns so as to heat said soil at a time. sufficient to cause vaporization of said soil contaminants and to obtain a contaminant vapor, - extracting said soil contaminant vapor in said at least two perforated columns, - removing said contaminant vapor from said at least two perforated columns, thereby providing a sanitized soil; - conducting said contaminant vapor through said preheated panel, thereby substantially destroying the contaminants contained in said contaminant vapor.
The method of one embodiment of the present invention is characterized in that the means for heating, circulating, extracting and removing contaminants are provided in a panel. For the sanitation process, the panel is connected to at least two unperforated and perforated columns.
The process of the invention is characterized in that the treatment of gaseous effluents takes place in the panel. The vapor of contaminants leaving the perforated tubes and arriving in the panel, comes into contact with the oxidation catalyst. Contaminants are catalytically oxidized. The contaminant vapor is thus substantially converted to a liquid comprising carbon dioxide and water. Catalytic oxidation generates carbon dioxide and water vapor without the emission of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides (NO and / or NO 2) and unburned hydrocarbons.
The starting phase of the catalytic panel is obtained with an electric element, which is heated for a very short preheating time, generally limited to a few minutes. The preheating phase can be controlled by means of a thermocouple placed inside the catalytic panel. The thermocouple sends a signal to the control panel after reaching the temperature conditions necessary to start catalytic combustion. As soon as the appropriate temperature is reached, a gas supply is started to activate the catalytic combustion. The gas (fuel) flows inside the heater and reacts with the oxygen in the surrounding atmosphere. The contact of the distributed fuel with the oxygen, through the duly preheated catalytic panel, generates an oxidation of the gas with the production of thermal energy. Suitable fuels for use in this invention are propane and natural gas.
The electric heating element used for preheating the heater is turned off. The fact that the power supply can be switched off after a limited period of time is advantageous because the energy costs can thus be reduced.
Air is provided on the surface of the catalytic heater to provide efficient combustion. In a preferred embodiment of the method of the invention, the method comprises the step of introducing outside air into the panel through ducts positioned on the rear of the heating means. In a preferred embodiment, the infrared catalytic panel is provided with an integrated ventilation system or a forced air system through ducts positioned on the back of the heating plate, for the ventilation of the infrared catalytic panel. .
The reaction is exothermic and generates heat by infrared radiation. Different temperatures can be obtained by modifying the gas pressure and, consequently, the gas flow rate. In a preferred embodiment, the surface temperature of the heating plate and therefore the wavelength of the emitted infrared rays can be modulated at a temperature between 180 ° C and 650 ° C. In a preferred embodiment, the heating plate can provide a heating power of between 6 kW and 25 kW. This is advantageous in that a maximum application flexibility is achieved.
Combustion is achieved in the absence of a flame, since the catalytic reaction is at a temperature below the ignition temperature of the gas. As a result, the catalytic panel can be used in potentially explosive atmospheres.
Preferably, at least two walls are constructed to contain the excavated soil comprising contaminants. Preferably, the at least two walls comprise stackable concrete profiles. The at least two walls are arranged parallel, which allows to build a panel wall between them. If necessary, at least two corner posts can be inserted to hold the panels. Preferably, the concrete profiles are stacked to provide a wall of up to three height profiles and up to four width profiles. Preferably, the excavated soil and the panel are contained between stackable concrete profiles forming at least two walls.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the stackable concrete profiles are provided in the form of Lego blocks or Lego bricks, which are rectangular in shape with lugs on the top and corresponding holes on the bottom of the form. rectangular. This has the advantage of conferring additional resistance to the wall when using this type of stackable profiles. The profiles are easy to stack and they are more resistant to the pressure exerted on the wall by the ground that bears on it.
A device according to one embodiment of the invention is particularly suitable for use in the remediation of contaminated soil. The heating source is arranged closer to the columns than current devices. The use of tubes, particularly uninsulated flexible tubes, is substantially reduced. Heat losses are significantly reduced. Energy savings allow for a less expensive and environmentally friendly process.
The invention is further described by the following non-limiting examples which further illustrate the invention, but are not intended to limit its scope, nor should they be interpreted as limiting it.
For example, it should be clear that the principles of the present invention can also be applied to other solids that can be heat treated by analogy with the contaminated soil. Solid waste contaminated with volatile contaminants, such as scrap contaminated with oil for example, can also be cleaned using a device according to one embodiment of the invention. Accordingly, the invention is useful in the field of sanitation and recycling of materials.
The invention is further described by the following non-limiting examples which further illustrate the invention, but are not intended to limit its scope, nor should they be interpreted as limiting it.
The general principle of a soil remediation device according to an embodiment of the invention is described in Figure 1. Figure 1 provides a top view of a heat conductive column B with a pipe concentric A. A fluid can be introduced into the top of the pipe A, down to the bottom of the column B, leave the end of the pipe A and go up again, heating the pipe of the pipe A. Conduct A is made of a heat conducting material. Letuyau gives off heat in the soil that surrounds it. In the immediate vicinity of line A, a column C is provided. The pipe of column C is perforated. Soil contaminants in heated soil are evaporated to provide contaminant vapor. The steam is sucked into the column C by a negative pressure applied to the column C. The steam enters the column C through the perforations that are provided for this purpose. Alternatively, in the immediate vicinity of the pipe A, an excavated soil section is created (not shown). Said section can be filled with a vapor permeable material. The steam will be sucked into said excavated soil section by a negative pressure applied to said section.
Figure 2 shows an embodiment of an in situ contaminated soil remediation system according to the present invention. In this embodiment, the system comprises a unit, D, E, F and G.
Unit D includes an outer pipe which has been depressed substantially vertically into the ground. Its length is chosen to penetrate both a soil region comprising contaminants 22 and a region substantially free of contaminants 23.
An imperforate pipe 18 is provided with a perforated pipe 16 around a portion of its pipe. The length of the perforated pipe 16 is chosen to correspond to the depth of the soil which requires cleaning. The zone 19 of the perforated pipe provided with perforations corresponds to the contaminated soil layer 22.
The pipe is unthreaded, which facilitates the introduction of the pipe into the ground by pressure. The non-perforated pipe 18 is closed at its lower side by a substantially cone-shaped body 20. This body or this end 20 may be attached to the pipe by welding, brazing or threading. The imperforate pipe 18 extends deeper into the soil than the contaminated soil layer 22. It also penetrates into a second layer of soil, particularly uncontaminated soil 23.
The unit E shown in Figure 2 comprises an inner tube 17 which is positioned within the outer conduit 18. Together, they form a two-pipe piping system. The inner tube is connected to the outlet of an oxidation unit 5 and serves as a guide means for the fluid 8 leaving the oxidation unit. The oxidation device is preceded by an element of (pre) electric heating 7. The heating element 7 is in turn connected to a heat exchanger 6. The latter has two inputs and outputs. On the top, the heat exchanger 6 is connected to a recirculation fan 21. The recirculation fan 21 is connected to a duct provided with a fresh air valve 11 for the entry of air from the environment . The spacing between the inner tube and the outer tube is connected to a conduit 2 which is connected to an inlet of the heat exchanger 6. At the opposite end, the heat exchanger 6 is connected to a conduit 12 for carry a cooled airflow outside the system. A second duct 14 connects the perforated zone 19 of the perforated duct 16 to the inlet of the vacuum system 21. The second duct 14 is provided with a steam extraction flow control valve 10. The inlet of the tube interior 17 is provided with a thermocouple 13 for measuring the temperature of the air flow entering the pipe with two pipes 18, 17. The thermocouple 13 is connected to a fuel injection device 9 to regulate the injection A fuel suitable for use in the invention is, for example, propane.
Unit F is a connection means for connecting unit E to unit D. By unit F, unit D can be separated from unit E. The combination of unit D and Unit E is a soil remediation device 1. After the remediation process, simply leave unit D in the soil and remove and remove unit E. Unit D is then coupled to the unit G. In the case where the perforated conduits 16 would be provided as separate conduits, as shown in Figure 3, they too can be removed.
The unit G is a network of tubes for transporting hot / cold fluid (not shown). Preferably, said fluid is water. To be able to transport said fluid in said network of tubes, a heat pump (not shown) is connected to the network. The connection of the unit D to the unit E can be carried out by a connecting means such as the unit F.
The soil remediation is carried out as follows, with reference to FIG. 2. A flow of air is allowed to enter the almost closed loop system 1 by the fresh air inlet valve 11. flows to the heat exchanger 6. Before the inlet of the heat exchanger 6, fuel is mixed with the cold air stream 3, using the fuel injection valve 9, and an air / fuel mixture. fuel is obtained. The air / fuel mixture is fed to the (pre) electric heating device 7. The air mixture can be preheated to a temperature of at least 350 ° C or can be heated to a temperature of at least 650 ° C. The heated air / fuel mixture 4 leaving the heat exchanger 6 is further heated by the catalytic oxidation device 5 to a temperature required to volatilize the contaminants in the contaminated soil layer 22. The hot air flow is sent into the column with two pipes 17, 18. It flows down towards the cone 20, then goes upwards. The heated air rises again and is discharged through the conduits 2, 12. The heated air heats the outer tube 18 and the surrounding soil 22. Contaminants in the heated soil 22 volatilize, thereby providing a contaminant vapor. The vacuum system may comprise a vacuum pump, for example a fan 21, which is placed at the outer end of the collection pipe 12. This fan makes it possible to impose a negative pressure on the perforated pipe 19 in such a way that vaporized contaminants which have been formed in the soil can be sucked from the soil 22 into the perforated pipe 19 and conveyed to an oxidation unit comprising an (electric) preheating device 7 and an oxidation device 5. The contaminant vapor is carried through the conduit 14 through the fan 21 to the inlet of the heat exchanger 6. The remaining heat is at least partly reused to heat a flow of air necessary to volatilize more than soil contaminants. The process continues until the contaminated soil layer 22 is substantially free of contaminants.
After the cleaning process, the soil remediation system 1 is stopped. The unit E, comprising the inner tube 17, is dissociated from the unit D, removed and dismounted. The unperforated column 18 and the perforated column 16 remain in the ground 22, 23.
To transform the remaining portions of the soil remediation device into a geothermal device, their lumen 31 is used as a housing for a geothermal device.
The inner columns of stainless steel are replaced by inner columns, preferably plastic, more preferably polyethylene, ideally high density polyethylene. Alternatively, polyvinyl chloride columns are used to replace the inner columns.
The plastic columns are connected to a network of tubes (not shown) located above the sanitized soil surface. The tubes are adapted to the conduction of hot / cold fluid, preferably water. Preferably, the grating is placed horizontally with respect to the surface of the cleaned floor. To allow circulation, the network of pipes for containing the fluid is provided with a heat pump (not shown). The connection to a heat pump can allow the flow of fluid within the pipe network, including the columns in the treated soil, thus providing a geothermal device.
Figure 3 is an illustration of another embodiment of a soil remediation system according to the present invention. The perforated column 16, used as a vapor passage, is disposed in the immediate vicinity of the heat conducting column 18.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the part of the soil remediation system 1 which, during the installation of the device in contaminated soil, must remain above the surface of the ground, is provided in a box 30. The box 30 contains the heating module of the sanitation device.
Referring to FIGS. 2, 3, 6 and 7, the heating module is a metal box 30 comprising an oxidation unit 5 connectable to an inner tube 17. The oxidation device 5 is provided with an element The heating element 7 is in turn connected to a heat exchanger 6. The latter has two inputs and outputs. On the top of the box 30, the heat exchanger 6 is connected to a recirculation fan 21. The recirculation fan is connected to a duct provided with a fresh air valve 11. The heat exchanger 6 can be connected to a conduit 2 for transporting heated fluid from the heated inner and outer tubes. At the opposite end, the heat exchanger 6 is provided with a conduit 12 for conveying a cooled air flow to the outside of the box 30. A second conduit 14 may be connected to a perforated column. The connection is made at the inlet of the vacuum system 21. The vacuum system 21 is provided with a steam extraction flow control valve 10. The inlet of the inner tube 17 is provided with a thermocouple 13 for measuring the temperature of the air flow entering the pipe with two pipes. The thermocouple 13 is connected to a fuel injection device 9 for regulating the injection of fuel into the duct connecting the fan 21 to the heat exchanger 6.
A three-dimensional representation of an embodiment of the box 30 is provided in Figure 4. Further details are provided in the diagrams of Figure 5. Referring to Figures 4 and 5, the box 30 includes a wall provided with a fuel injection device 9, a pure air outlet 39, a fan 32, a control unit 33, and four hooks 34, 34 ', 34 ", 34 ".
Figure 6 is an illustration of another embodiment of a soil remediation system according to the present invention. The vapor passage is an excavated soil section 35 and is provided in close proximity to the heat conductive column 18. The excavated soil section 35 is sealed at the top and is connected to the soil remediation device 1 by a connector 37. The excavated soil section 35 may be filled with a vapor permeable material (not shown). According to one embodiment of the invention, part of the space between the outer pipe 18 and the inner pipe 17 may be filled with a heat-retention material 36.
Figure 7 is an illustration of another embodiment of a soil remediation system according to the present invention. The vapor passage is an excavated soil section 38 in which the heat conducting column 18 is introduced. The excavated soil section 38 is sealed at the top and is connected to the soil remediation device 1 by a connector 37. The excavated soil section 38 may be filled with a vapor permeable material (not shown). According to one embodiment of the invention, part of the space between the outer pipe 18 and the inner pipe 17 may be filled with a heat-retention material 36.
Figure 9 is a drawing schematically showing a soil remediation device according to one embodiment of the invention. Referring to Figure 9, a soil remediation device is shown comprising a panel 42 connected to three unperforated columns 43, 43 ', 43 "and three perforated columns 44, 44', 44". The non-perforated columns 43, 43 ', 43 "comprise an outer tube whose lumen 45, 45', 45" is provided with a concentric fluid introduction duct 46, 46 ', 46 ". The ducts are connected to a heating chamber 47 in the panel 42. The heating chamber 47 is provided with a heating plate (not shown) On the opposite side of the side connected to the columns is a fan 48. The panel is provided with means for the gas supply to the panel 49. The panel is further provided with means for the supply of electricity to the panel 50.
Figure 8 is a diagram showing a soil remediation system using a device according to an embodiment of the invention. Referring to Figure 8, a pile of excavated soil 51 is shown enclosed within three walls 52, 52 ', 52 "of stackable concrete sections 53. The soil 51 piled within the walls 52, 52 ', 52 "is provided with non-perforated columns and columns perforated at regular intervals, generally the distance between individual columns is 1.5 meters. The pile of soil is closed at the front by a wall of panels 55. Each panel 42 is connected to three sets of unperforated columns 43, 43 ', 43 "and perforated columns 44, 44', 44". Each panel is provided with means for supplying gas 49 and for supplying electricity 50. The panel wall is connected to a gas supply 56 and to an electricity supply 57.
Referring to Figures 8 and 9, a method according to one embodiment of the invention is as follows: non-perforated and perforated conduits are inserted into excavated soil comprising contaminants. Preferably, a first layer of soil is spread over a treatment site, a first layer of pipes is placed over it, the pipes are covered with a second layer of soil, a second layer of pipes is placed on top, And so on. Concrete profiles are placed around the contaminated soil pile as the height of the pile increases. The concrete profiles are preferably placed in U shape, thus forming a box-like trapping. Panels are placed in front of box-shaped trapping to close box-shaped trapping. Each of the panels is connected to at least two, preferably three, as shown, non-perforated pipes for heating and two perforated pipes for collecting contaminant vapors. Each panel is connected through the gas supply means 49 and electricity 50 to a gas supply 56 and to a power supply 57.
Figure 12 is a diagram of a device adapted for use in a soil remediation method according to one embodiment of the invention.
The primary air is drawn through the tube 74. It is mixed in the tube 73 with a gaseous fuel (propane or natural gas) coming from the injector 72. The flame produced at the end of the tube 73 and in the combustion chamber (chamber formed by the refractory cement) 77. At the outlet of the combustion chamber, the gases (combustion products) are mixed with the secondary air of the tube 75. The adjustment of the secondary air flow is This adjustment makes it possible to cool the walls of the tubes 76 and 78 and to lower the temperature of the gas at the inlet of the inner tube 81 between 750 and 850 ° C. The valve 85 allows the adjustment of the primary air flow necessary for the combustion of propane (or natural gas). The adjustment is carried out so as to have a large amount of CO at the outlet 82 of the heating pipe 83. The flange 80 makes it possible to connect the device to the heating pipe 83. The burner unit 71 has all the elements of control, safety and regulation of the flow of propane or natural gas (electric heating). The vapors of the soil 84 are transported to the flame through the tube 79.

权利要求:
Claims (15)
[1]
A method of remedying a soil comprising contaminants, comprising the steps of: introducing into said soil (22, 23) at least one perforated column (16, 19) for extracting contaminants from a region contaminated (22) of said soil (22,23), - in the immediate vicinity of said at least one perforated column (16, 19), introducing at least one non-perforated column (18) to supply heat to said contaminated region (22). ) of said soil (22, 23), - providing heat to said at least one non-perforated column (18), thereby heating said contaminated region (22) of said soil (22, 23) to a temperature sufficient to cause vaporization of said soil contaminants and obtaining a contaminant vapor, - extracting said contaminant vapor containing said soil contaminants from said contaminated region (22) of said soil (22, 23) in said at least one perforated column (16, 19), - withdrawing said contaminant vapor of said self ns a perforated column (16, 19), thereby providing a sanitized soil, wherein at least one perforated column (16, 19) and said at least one non-perforated column (18) can be connected to at least one device located on the surface comprising a combustion, heating and control unit for heating and thus cleaning said floor (22, 23).
[2]
A method of remedying a soil comprising contaminants, comprising the steps of: - introducing and / or creating in said soil (22, 23) at least one vapor passage (35, 38) for the extraction of contaminants of a contaminated region of said soil (22,23), - in close proximity or in said at least one vapor passage (35,38), introducing at least one non-perforated column (18) to supply heat to said contaminated region (22) of said soil (22, 23), - providing heat to said at least one imperforate column (18), thereby heating said contaminated region (22) of said soil (22, 23) to a temperature sufficient to causing vaporization of said soil contaminants and obtaining a contaminant vapor; - extracting said contaminant vapor containing said soil contaminants from said contaminated region (22) from said soil (22,23) into said at least one vapor passage (35, 38), - removing said contaminant vapor from said at least one vapor passage (35, 38), thereby providing a sanitized soil, wherein said at least one vapor passage (35, 38) and said at least one non-perforated column (18) can be connected to at least one device surface-mounted unit comprising a combustion, heating and control unit for heating and thus cleaning said floor (22, 23).
[3]
The method of claim 1 or 2, including the steps of: providing said non-perforated column (18) with fluid guiding means (17) over at least a substantial portion of its length, and coupling said means of fluid guide (17) to a network of conduits connected to said surface device.
[4]
The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a negative pressure is provided for extracting said contaminant vapor from said contaminated region (22) of said soil (22, 23).
[5]
The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein heat is supplied to said non-perforated column (18) at a regular intermittent rate.
[6]
Apparatus or system for soil remediation (22, 23) comprising contaminants, said device comprising at least one perforated column (16, 19) and at least one non-perforated column (18), wherein at least one perforated column (16,19) can be connected to a suction supply means (21) for extracting a contaminant vapor from said soil (22,23), and wherein the non-perforated column (18) ) has a pipe made from a heat-conducting material, the pipe has a lumen (31) extending in an axial direction, at one end the lumen (31) is permanently closed and at the opposite end, the lumen can be connected to a heat source (30) for vaporizing said soil contaminants.
[7]
7. Device or system for remedying a soil (22, 23) comprising contaminants, said device comprising at least one vapor passage (35, 38) and at least one non-perforated column (18), wherein at least one vapor passage (35, 38) can be connected to a suction supply means (21) for extracting a contaminant vapor from said soil (22, 23), and wherein the non-perforated column ( 18) has a pipe made from a heat-conducting material, the pipe is provided with a lumen (31) extending in the axial direction, at one end the lumen (31) is permanently closed and at the opposite end, the lumen can be connected to a heat source (30) for vaporizing said soil contaminants.
[8]
The device or system of claim 7, wherein the passage of the vapor (35,38) is an excavated soil section.
[9]
The device or system of claim 7 or 8, wherein the excavated soil section is provided with a vapor permeable material.
[10]
10. Device or system according to claim 9, wherein the average particle size of the vapor permeable material is between 2 and 8 mm, preferably between 3 and 7 mm, more preferably between 4 and 6 mm.
[11]
The device or system of any one of claims 6 to 10, wherein said lumen (31) is provided over a substantial portion of the length of the at least one non-perforated column.
[12]
The device or system of any one of claims 6 to 11, wherein a section of the lumen (31) is provided with a heat-retention material (36).
[13]
The device or system of claim 12, wherein the heat retention material (36) is removable.
[14]
The device or system of any one of claims 6 to 13, wherein said heat conductive material is steel, preferably stainless steel.
[15]
15. Use of a device according to claims 6 to 14 for the remediation of contaminated soil and / or for providing geothermal energy for a construction and / or for providing a foundation for a construction, said construction being of preferably a building.

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法律状态:

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EP10447027|2010-10-25|

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