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    • 专利摘要:
    There is provided a fuel additive composition, a fuel comprising such an additive, and methods for its use. The fuel additive composition comprises a synergistic combination of (a) a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimide dispersant and (b) a compound of the following formula: as well as its tautomeric and enantiomeric forms, in which formula R³ represents a hydrocarbyl group having a number average molecular weight of from about 10 to about 5000, the weight ratio of (a) to (b) ranging from about 5: 1 to about 1: 5. The fuel additive composition is present in a fuel in an amount sufficient to improve the conductivity properties of the fuel.
    公开号:BE1019145A5
    申请号:E2009/0682
    申请日:2009-11-04
    公开日:2012-04-03
    发明作者:J Joshua Bennet；John Donner
    申请人:Afton Chemical Corp；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates generally to fuel additive compositions. More specifically, the invention relates to fuel additive compositions that are effective for improving the conductivity properties of a fuel, as well as methods for their use.
    Background of the invention
    It is well known that electrostatic charges can be transferred by friction between two different non-conductive materials. When this occurs, the electrostatic charge thus created appears at the surfaces of the materials in contact. The magnitude of the charge generated depends on the nature and, more particularly, the respective conductivity of each material. For example, the appearance of electrostatic charges occurs when water is deposited in a hydrocarbon solution. This case is of great interest to the petroleum industry because, when such charges accumulate in or around flammable liquids, their final discharge may lead to the formation of incendiary sparks, and possibly to a fire or serious explosion. .
    Although the formation of incendiary sparks is a problem in the petroleum industry, the potential for fire and explosion is probably greatest during product handling, transfer and transportation. For example, it is known that static charges accumulate in solvents and. fuels when they flow through a pipeline, especially when these liquids flow through large-area filters or "fine" filters and other devices, as is common during the filling of tank trucks . Countermeasures designed to prevent the accumulation of electrostatic charges on a container during its filling and to prevent sparks by connecting the container to earth may be used, examples of ways of connecting the container to earth ( that is, to "ground") and a link. However, it has been recognized that these measures are inadequate to control all the electrostatic risks presented by hydrocarbon fuels.
    The only measures of grounding and bonding are not sufficient to prevent the accumulation of electrostatic charges in low-conductivity volatile organic liquids such as distillate fuels, for example diesel fuel, gasoline, jet fuel, turbine fuels and kerosene. Similarly, grounding and bonding do not prevent the build-up of static charges in relatively pure (i.e., contaminant free) light hydrocarbon oils such as organic solvents and fluids. cleaning. This is because the conductivity of such organic fluids is so low that a static charge migrates very slowly through these liquids and can take considerable time to reach the surface of a grounded conductive container. Before this happens, a high potential of surface tension can be reached, which can create an incendiary spark, thus causing an ignition or explosion.
    It is possible to directly address the high-risk source of these low-conductivity organic liquids by increasing the conductivity of the liquid with additives. The increased conductivity of the liquid substantially reduces the time required for existing charges in the liquid to be discharged through the grounded inner surface of the container. Various compositions are known for use as additives for increasing the electrical conductivity of these liquids.
    For example, in the past, halogenated additives introduced into fuels have played a significant role in improving the conductivity properties of fuels. Although these halogenated additives are effective as conductivity agents, in some cases some halogenated hydrocarbon compounds have been linked to risks to human and animal health, and also to environmental degradation. Legislation, including the 1990 amendment to The Clean Air Act in the United States of America, indicates a tendency to restrict the continued permissible use of halogenated compounds in various media. Even when the use of halogenated additives is still permitted, stringent regulations often govern the use, storage and, in particular, the release and / or treatment of residue streams containing such compositions. As a result, there is a need to find fuel additives that improve fuel conductivity without causing risks of negative effects for humans, animals and animals. 1'environnement.
    SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
    In accordance with the present specification, there is provided a fuel additive composition comprising a synergistic combination (a) of a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimide dispersant and (b) a compound of formula (III):
    and its tautomeric and enantiomeric forms, wherein R3 is a hydrocarbyl group having a number average molecular weight of from about 100 to about 5000, the weight ratio of (a) to (b) being from about 1: 5 to about 5: 1.
    In another aspect of the specification, there is provided a fuel composition comprising a major amount of a fuel, and a minor amount of a synergistic additive composition comprising (a) a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimide dispersant and (b) ) a compound of formula (III)
    and its tautomeric and enantiomeric forms, wherein R3 is a hydrocarbyl group having a number average molecular weight of from about 100 to about 5000, the weight ratio of (a) to (b) being from about 1: 5 to about 5: 1.
    In a further aspect of the specification, there is provided a method for improving the conductivity of a fuel, comprising combining a dominant amount of a fuel and a small amount of a synergistic additive composition comprising a) a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimide dispersant and (b) a compound of formula (III):
    and its tautomeric and enantiomeric forms, wherein R3 is a hydrocarbyl group having a number average molecular weight of from about 100 to about 5000, the weight ratio of (a) to (b) being from about 1: 5 to about 5: 1.
    Additional embodiments and advantages of the invention will become apparent in part from the following detailed description and / or may be made by practicing the invention. It should be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are only illustrative and explanatory and do not limit the invention as claimed.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    The present invention relates to a fuel additive composition comprising (a) a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimide dispersant and (b) a compound of formula (III):
    and its tautomeric and enantiomeric forms, wherein R3 is a hydrocarbyl group having a number average molecular weight of from about 100 to about 5000, the weight ratio of (a) to (b) being from about 1: 5 at about 5: 1.
    As used herein, it is understood that the term "average distillate fuel" refers to one or more fuels selected from the group consisting of diesel fuels, biodiesel, a biodiesel derived fuel, a synthetic diesel fuel, jet fuel, kerosene, a diesel fuel treated with oxygenates to limit particulates, mixtures thereof, and other products meeting the definitions of ASTM D975. As used herein, it is understood that the term "biodiesel" refers to a diesel fuel comprising a fuel derived from biological sources. In one aspect, the average distillate fuel may contain up to 30%, for example about 0.05% to about 30%, for example about 10% to about 20%, of a fuel derived from biological sources.
    The average distillate fuel can be derived from biological sources such as oilseeds, eg rapeseed, sunflower, soybean, and similar oilseeds. The seeds may be subjected to grinding and / or solvent extraction treatments (e.g. with n-hexane) to extract the oil, which comprises saturated C16-C22 fatty acid triglycerides and unsaturated (mono- and polyunsaturated, mixed with each other, in proportions depending on the selected oilseeds). The oil can be subjected to a filtration and refining process, in order to eliminate all the free fats and possible phospholipids present, and can be subjected to a transesterification reaction with methanol in order to prepare the fatty acid methyl esters ( methyl esters of fatty acids, also known as "FAME" and commonly referred to as biodiesel).
    As used herein, the term "hydrocarbyl group" or the term "hydrocarbyl" is used in its usual sense, which is well known to those skilled in the art. More specifically, it denotes a group having a carbon atom attached directly to the rest of a molecule and having a predominantly hydrocarbon character. Examples of hydrocarbyl groups include: (1) hydrocarbon substituents, i.e., aliphatic substituents (e.g., alkyl or alkenyl), alicyclic substituents (e.g. cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl), and aromatic-substituted aromatic substituents aliphatic and alicyclic radicals, as well as cyclic substituents in which the nucleus is supplemented by another part of the molecule (for example two substituents together form an alicyclic radical); (2) substituted hydrocarbon substituents, i.e., substituents containing non-hydrocarbon groups which, in the context of the present description, do not modify the predominantly hydrocarbon substituent (e.g. halo (especially chloro and fluoro), hydroxy, alkoxy, mercapto, alkylmercapto, nitro, nitroso and sulfoxy); (3) hetero-substituents, i.e., substituents which, although having a predominantly hydrocarbon character, in the context of this specification, contain atoms other than carbon atoms in a ring or chain made up of carbon atoms. The heteroatoms include sulfur, oxygen and nitrogen atoms and include substituents such as pyridyl, furyl, thienyl and imidazolyl substituents. In general, not more than two or, as a further example, no more than one non-hydrocarbon substituent (s) will be present for each amount of 10 carbon atoms in the group hydrocarbyl; in some embodiments, there will be no non-hydrocarbon substituent in the hydrocarbyl group.
    As used herein, it is understood that the term "dominant amount" refers to an amount greater than or equal to 50% by weight, for example from about 80% to about 98% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition. In addition, as used herein, it is understood that the term "small amount" means less than 50% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
    The compositions of the present invention may comprise a compound of formula (III) comprising the reaction product of an amine or a salt thereof and a hydrocarbyl-functional carbonyl compound. Amines suitable for use herein may be amines or their salts of formula (I):
    wherein R is selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and a hydrocarbyl group containing from about 1 to about 15 carbon atoms, and R1 is selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and a hydrocarbyl group containing about 1 about 20 carbon atoms. These amines can be chosen between guanines and aminoguanidines or their salts, where R and R1 are as defined above. Accordingly, the amine can be selected from inorganic salts of amino guanidines and guanidines, such as the halides, carbonates, bicarbonates, nitrates, phosphates and orthophosphates of aminoguanidines and guanidines. As used herein, it is understood that the term "guanidine" refers to guanidine and guanidine derivatives, such as amino guanidine. In one embodiment, the amine used for the preparation of the additive may be aminoguanidine bicarbonate. Aminoguanidine bicarbonates can be readily obtained from commercial sources or can be prepared in a known manner.
    Carbonyl functional hydrocarbyl compounds suitable for use herein may be any suitable compound having a hydrocarbyl group and a carbonyl group capable of bonding to the amine to form the additives of the invention. Non-limiting examples of suitable hydrocarbyl functional carbonyl compounds include, but are not limited to, hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acids or anhydrides, such as hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic anhydrides, hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acids, and succinic acid esters. with hydrocarbyl substituent.
    In some aspects, the hydrocarbyl-functional carbonyl compound may be a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic anhydride of formula (II):
    wherein R2 is a hydrocarbyl group having a number average molecular weight ranging from about 100 to about 5000, for example from about 200 to about 3000, as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Unless otherwise indicated, the molecular weights herein are number average molecular weights.
    In some aspects, the R2 group of the hydrocarbyl-functional carbonyl compound may comprise one or more polymeric units selected from linear or branched alkenyl units. For example, the alkenyl units may comprise from about 2 to about 10 carbon atoms. In embodiments, the group R 2 may comprise one or more linear or branched polymeric units selected from ethylene radicals, propylene radicals, butylene radicals, pentene radicals, hexene radicals, octene radicals and decene radicals. In some aspects, the R2 group may be in the form of, for example, a homopolymer, copolymer or terpolymer. In one embodiment, the group R2 may be isobutylene.
    2
    Accordingly, in one embodiment, the R group may be a polyisobutylene homopolymer comprising from about 10 to about 60 isobutylene groups, for example, about 20 to about 30 isobutylene groups. The compounds used to form the hydrocarbyl groups R 2 can be formed by any suitable methods, for example by conventional catalytic oligomerization of alkenes. A non-limiting example of the group R 2 may be a polyalkenyl radical, such as a polyisobutylene radical, having a number average molecular weight of from about 100 to about 5000, for example from about 200 to about 3000, as measured. by CPG.
    In some aspects, the R2 group of the hydrocarbyl-functional carbonyl compound can be formed from highly reactive polyisobutylenes (HR-PIBs) having a relatively high terminal vinylidene content. As used herein, it is understood that the term "terminal vinylidene content" refers to the terminal olefinic double bond content. In one embodiment, the R2 group may be formed from an HR-PIB having a terminal vinylidene content of at least about 60% -s, for example from about 70% to about 90% or more. There is a general trend in the industry for conversion to HR-PIB, and well-known HR-PIBs are described, for example, in U.S. No. 4,152,499, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
    The hydrocarbyl-functional carbonyl compounds can be prepared using any suitable method. Methods for forming hydrocarbyl functional carbonyl compounds are well known in the art. An example of a known method for forming a hydrocarbyl-functional carbonyl compound comprises mixing a polyolefin and an anhydride, such as maleic anhydride. The polyolefin and reactant anhydride may be heated at temperatures, for example, from about 150 ° C to about 250 ° C, optionally using a catalyst, such as chlorine or peroxide. Another example of a process for preparing hydrocarbyl-functional carbonyl compounds is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,234,435, which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.
    In some aspects, approximately one mole of maleic anhydride may be reacted per mole of polyolefin, such that the resulting hydrocarbyl substituted succinic anhydride comprises from about 0.8 to about 1 succinic anhydride group per hydrocarbyl group. In other aspects, the weight ratio of succinic anhydride groups to hydrocarbyl groups may range from about 0.5 to about 3.5, for example from about 1 to about 1.1.
    Examples of hydrocarbyl-functional carbonyl compounds useful herein include, but are not limited to, compounds such as dodecenylsuccinic anhydrides, C18-C18 alkenylsuccinic anhydride, and polyisobutenylsuccinic anhydride (PIBSA). In some embodiments, the PIBSA may comprise a polyisobutylene substituent having a terminal vinylidene content of from about 4% to at least about 60%, for example from about 70% to about 90% or more. In some embodiments, the ratio of the number of carbonyl groups to the number of hydrocarbyl groups in the hydrocarbyl-functional carbonyl compound may range from about 1: 1 to about 6: 1.
    The hydrocarbyl-functional carbonyl compound and amine described above may be mixed with each other under any suitable conditions to provide the desired reaction products herein. In one aspect, the reactants can be mixed with each other in a molar ratio of the hydrocarbyl-functional carbonyl compound to the amine of from about 2: 1 to about 1: 2.5. For example, the molar ratio of reactants may range from about 1: 1 to about 1: 2.2. Suitable reaction temperatures can range from about 155 ° C to about 200 ° C at atmospheric pressure. For example, the reaction temperatures can range from about 160 ° C to about 190 ° C. Any suitable reaction pressures, such as subatmospheric pressures or superatmospheric pressures, may be used. However, the temperature range may be different from those listed when the reaction is conducted at a pressure other than atmospheric pressure.
    The reaction may be conducted for a period of time in the range of about 1 hour to about 8 hours, preferably in the range of about 2 hours to about 6 hours.
    Without wishing to be limited by theoretical considerations, it is believed that the reaction product of the amine and the hydrocarbyl-functional carbonyl compound is an aminotriazole-type compound, such as a bis-amino-triazole of formula (III) _______________________
    and its tautomeric and enantiomeric forms, wherein R3 has a number average molecular weight of from about 100 to about 500, and comprises from about 40 to about 80 carbon atoms. In one embodiment, R3 represents a polyisobutenyl substituent, for example a polyisobutenyl substituent formed from an HR-PIB having a terminal vinylidene content of at least about 60%, for example from about 70% to about 90%. % and more. The reaction product may contain at least one aminotriazole group. It is considered that the pentagonal nucleus of triazole is aromatic. Aminotriazoles can be relatively stable to oxidizing agents and can be extremely resistant to hydrolysis.
    It is believed, although not certain, that the reaction product is polyalkenyl-bis-3-amino-1,2,4-triazole. Such a product has a relatively high nitrogen content, ranging from about 1.8 wt% to about 2.9 wt% nitrogen.
    In certain aspects of this specification, the described fuel compositions may comprise a dispersant, such as an amine-containing dispersant. Suitable dispersants containing an amine may include hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimide dispersants.
    The hydrocarbyl substituent of the dispersant may have a number average molecular weight ranging from about 100 to about 5000, for example from about 500 to about 5000, as determined by GPC.
    As used herein, the term "succinimide" is intended to mean the completed reaction product obtained by reaction between an amine and a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic anhydride or succinic acid-succinic acylating agent. and is intended to include compounds in which the product may comprise amide and / or salt bonds in addition to the imide bond of the type resulting from the reaction or contact with an amine and a group. anhydride.
    Suitable hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic anhydrides can be formed by first reacting an olefinically unsaturated hydrocarbon having a desired molecular weight with maleic anhydride. Reaction temperatures of about 100 ° C to about 250 ° C may be used. With higher boiling olefinically unsaturated hydrocarbons, good results are obtained at temperatures from about 200 ° C to about 250 ° C. This reaction can be activated by the addition of chlorine.
    Typical olefins include, but are not limited to, waxy olefins for cracking, linear alpha-olefins, branched chain alpha-olefins, and lower olefin polymers and copolymers. The olefins may be selected from ethylene, propylene, butylene, such as isobutylene, 1-octane, 1-hexene, 1-decene and similar olefins. Useful polymers and / or copolymers include, but are not limited to, polypropylene, polybutenes, polyisobutene, ethylene-propylene copolymers, ethylene-isobutylene copolymers, propylene-isobutylene copolymers, ethylene-1-decene copolymers, and similar polymers.
    In one aspect, the hydrocarbyl substituents of the hydrocarbyl substituted succinic anhydrides may be derived from butene polymers, for example, isobutylene polymers. Polyisobutenes suitable for use herein include those formed from an HR-PIB having a terminal vinylidene content of at least about 60%, for example from about 70% to about 90% or more. Suitable polyisobutenes can include those prepared using BF3 catalysts. The number average molecular weight of the hydrocarbyl substituent may vary over a wide range, for example from about 100 to about 5000, for example from about 500 to about 5000, as determined by GPC.
    It is possible to use carboxylic reactants other than maleic anhydride, such as maleic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, itaconic acid, itaconic anhydride citraconic acid, citraconic anhydride, mesaconic acid, ethylmaleic anhydride, dimethylmaleic anhydride, ethylmaleic acid, dimethylmaleic acid, hexylmaleic acid, and similar reactants, including acid halides and the corresponding lower aliphatic esters.
    The mole ratio of maleic anhydride to olefin can vary widely. It can vary from about 5: 1 to about 1: 5, for example from about 3: 1 to about 1: 3, and by way of further example, maleic anhydride can be used in a stoichiometric excess to drive the reaction to an end. Unreacted maleic anhydride can be removed by vacuum distillation.
    Any of many polyamines can be used in the preparation of the hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimide dispersant. Non-limiting examples of polyamines may include aminoguanidine bicarbonate (AGBC), diethylenetriamine (DETA), triethylenetetramine (TETA), tetraethylenepentamine (ΤΕΡΑ), pentaethylenehexamine (PEHA), and heavy polyamines. A heavy polyamine may comprise a mixture of polyalkylene polyamines comprising small amounts of lower polyamine oligomers such as ΤΕΡΑ and PEHA, but primarily oligomers having 7 or more nitrogen atoms and 2 or more primary amines per molecule, and branching more extensive than in the case of conventional polyamine mixtures. Additional non-limiting examples of. Polyamines which can be used in the preparation of the hydrocarbyl substituted succinimide dispersant are described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,548,459, the specification of which is hereby incorporated in its entirety by way of reference. In one embodiment, the polyamine may include tetraethylenepentamine (ΤΕΡΑ).
    In one embodiment, the dispersant may comprise compounds of formula (IV):
    wherein n is 0 or an integer of 1 to 5, and R2 is a hydrocarbyl substituent as defined above. In one embodiment, n is 3 and R2 is a polyisobutenyl substituent, such as that derived from polyisobutylenes having a terminal vinylidene content of at least about 60%, for example from about 70% to about 90%. and more. The compounds of formula IV may be the reaction product of a hydrocarbyl substituted succinic anhydride, such as polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride (PIBS) and a polyamine, for example tetraethylenepentamine (ΤΕΡΑ).
    The dispersants described herein can be used in an amount of from about 1% by weight to about 70% by weight, for example from about 5% by weight to about 50% by weight, for example about 10% by weight. at about 30% by weight, based on the total weight of the additive composition. In one aspect, the disclosed aminotriazole and the dispersant may be present in a fuel composition in a weight ratio of from about 1: 5 to about 5: 1, for example from about 2: 1 to about 1: 1 .
    In one aspect, the aminotriazoles described herein may be used in an amount of from about 1% by weight to about 70% by weight, for example from about 5% by weight to about 50% by weight, for example about 10% by weight. % by weight to about 30% by weight, based on the total weight of the additive composition.
    In other aspects of this specification, the disclosed compositions may comprise a fuel-soluble carrier. Such vehicles may be of various types, such as liquids or solids, for example waxes. Examples of liquid vehicles include, but are not limited to, mineral oil and oxygenates, such as liquid polyalkoxylated ethers (also known as polyalkylene glycols or polyalkylene ethers), liquid polyalkoxylated phenols, liquid polyalkoxylated esters, liquid polyalkoxylated amines and mixtures thereof. Examples of oxygenated vehicles can be found in the U.S. Patent. No. 5,752,989, the description of these vehicles being incorporated herein in its entirety by reference. Additional examples of oxygenated vehicles include alkyl-substituted arylalkylalkylates disclosed in U.S. Patent publication. No. 2003/0131527 published July 17, 2003 in the name of Colucci et al., the description of which is incorporated herein in its entirety by way of reference.
    In other aspects, the compositions of this application may be devoid of vehicle. For example, certain compositions of the present application may be free of mineral oil or oxygenates, such as the oxygenates described above.
    One or more additional optional additives may be present in the compositions described herein. For example, the compositions may contain antifoam agents, dispersants, detergents, antioxidants, heat stabilizers, vehicle fluids, metal deactivators, dyes, labels, corrosion inhibitors, biocides, antistatic additives, friction reducing agents, friction modifiers, demulsifiers, emulsifiers, antifoggants, anti-icing additives, anti-knock additives, surfactants, cetane improvers, corrosion inhibitors, low temperature flow improvers, pour point depressants, solvents, demulsifiers, lubricity additives, extreme pressure agents, viscosity index improvers, blowing agents, gaskets, amine stabilizers, combustion improvers, dispersants, agen conductivity enhancers, metal deactivators, marker dyes, organic nitrate-type ignition accelerators, tricarbonyl manganese compounds, and mixtures thereof. In some aspects, the fuel additive compositions described herein may contain about 10% by weight or less or in other aspects about 5% by weight or less, based on the total weight of the additive or fuel composition, of one or more of the aforementioned additives. Similarly, the fuel compositions may contain suitable amounts of fuel blend components, such as methanol, ethanol, dialkyl ethers, and the like.
    In formulating the compositions described herein, the described additives can be used in amounts sufficient to improve the conductivity properties of a fuel, such as an average distillate fuel, for example a diesel fuel. In some aspects, the fuels may contain a dominant amount of a fuel and a small amount of the fuel additive composition described above. In one aspect, the fuels of this specification may comprise, based on the active ingredients, an aminotriazole as described herein, in an amount of from about 1 ppm to about 200 ppm, for example from about 5 ppm to about 50 ppm. ppm.
    In another aspect, the fuel compositions described herein may comprise, based on the active ingredients, a dispersant described herein in an amount of from about 5 to about 500 ppm, for example from about 20 ppm to about 200 ppm. .
    In aspects in which a vehicle is used, the fuel compositions may contain, based on the active ingredients, an amount of the vehicle ranging from about 1 mg to about 100 mg of vehicle per kg of fuel, e.g. 5 mg to about 50 mg of vehicle per kg of fuel. Expressing the amounts on the basis of the active ingredients, this excludes the weight of (i) unreacted components associated with, and remaining in, the described additives as they are produced and used, and (ii) from or solvents, if any, used in the production of additives described during or after their formation but before addition of a vehicle, if a vehicle is used.
    The fuel additives herein may be blended with a base fuel individually or in various sub-combinations. In certain embodiments, the additive components of this specification may be blended with a fuel together using an additive concentrate, as this will take advantage of the mutual compatibility and convenience afforded by the combination of blends. ingredients when these are in the form of an additive concentrate. In addition, the use of a concentrate can reduce the mixing time and reduce the possibility of mixing errors.
    The fuel compositions herein may be intended for operation of stationary diesel engines (e.g. engines used in power generation plants), pump stations, etc.) and mobile diesel engines (e.g. engines used as main drive systems in automobiles, trucks, road construction vehicles, military vehicles, etc.).
    In one aspect, there is provided a method for improving the conductivity of a fuel, comprising: providing a major amount of a fuel, and a minor amount of an additive composition comprising: (a) a dispersant of the hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimide type and (b) a compound of formula (II):
    as well as its tautomeric and enantiomeric forms, wherein R3 is a hydrocarbyl group having a number average molecular weight of from about 100 to about 5000, the ratio of (a) to (b) being from about 1: 2 at about 2: 1. In one aspect, the fuel may include an average distillate fuel, such as diesel fuel.
    EXAMPLES
    The following examples illustrate examples of embodiments of the invention. In these examples and also anywhere in this application, all parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise indicated. It is believed that these examples are presented for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention described herein.
    EXAMPLE 1
    A polybutenyl succinic anhydride having a number average molecular weight of 950 was heated to 95 ° C. A suspension of aminoguanidine bicarbonate (AGBC) in an oil was added over a period of 45 minutes. The mixture was heated under vacuum at 160 ° C and held at this temperature for about 6 hours, which caused the removal of water and carbon dioxide. The resulting mixture was filtered. It is believed, without being limited by theory, that the resulting mixture comprises an aminotriazole as described herein.
    In the following examples, various basic diesel fuels were each combined with a dispersant and aminotriazole as described in Table 1 to produce fuel formulations that were evaluated for fuel conductivity, as described below. . The dispersant used was a succinimide formed by reacting PIBSA with ΤΕΡΑ in a molar ratio of 1: 1. The aminotriazole used was the aminotriazole mixture described above.
    Table 1
    The conductivities of the test fuels were evaluated according to ASTM 2624 using an EMCEE (Model 1152) conductivity meter having a range of about 1 to about 2000 picosiemens m (pS / m). All conductivity values were measured over a temperature range of about 20 ° C to about 25 ° C. All conductivity measurements are indicated in picosiemens rrf (pS / m), also known as CU or Unit Conductivity.
    It was observed that fuel A (not including any additives) had poor conductivity (2 μS / m). Fuel B (comprising 60 ppm aminotriazole) had a conductivity of 328 μS / m, and fuel F (comprising 60 ppm dispersant) had a conductivity of 121 μS / m.
    However, fuels C to E (comprising a combination of the dispersant and aminotriazole) have given unexpected results for the fuels which contain the additive composition, illustrating the synergistic effect of the aminotriazole and dispersant used. together. In fact, fuel C showed an improvement greater than 90% and a better than 70% improvement of the conductivity values respectively with respect to fuels F and B. It is considered that the results for fuels C to E are unexpected because, for example, each compound used alone had less benefit than the combination. In other words, as the results show, fuels C to E (each comprising a combination of aminotriazole and dispersant) have unexpectedly exhibited conductivity values well above those of fuels B and F, each comprising: Aminotriazole and dispersant alone, respectively. Accordingly, it is believed that the additive composition described herein can be effective in improving the conductivity properties of fuels.
    It will be appreciated that, as used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a", "a", "the", "the" include references to the plural, unless otherwise expressly and unequivocally indicated. Thus, for example, the reference to "a dispersant" includes the reference to two or more different dispersants. As used herein, the term "includes" and its grammatical variants are intended to be nonlimiting, so that the elements listed in a list are not made excluding other similar elements. which can be used in place of or added to the items listed.
    For purposes of this description and the appended claims, unless otherwise indicated, all numerical values expressing quantities, percentages or proportions and other numerical values used in the description and claims are to be modified in all cases. case by the term "about". Accordingly, unless otherwise indicated, the numerical parameters indicated in the following description and the appended claims are approximations which may vary depending on the desired properties sought by the present invention. In any case, and not in an attempt to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of the claims, each numerical parameter must be considered at least in the light of the number of significant digits indicated and by applying the usual techniques of borough.
    Although particular embodiments have been described, substantial variations, modifications, variations, improvements, and equivalents that are or may be currently not intended may be apparent to the Applicants or any other skilled in the art. Accordingly, the appended claims, as filed, and as may be amended, are intended to include all such variations, modifications, variations, and improvements and all such substantial equivalents.
    权利要求:
    Claims (32)
    [1]
    A fuel additive composition comprising a synergistic combination of: (a) a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimide dispersant, and (b) a compound of formula (III)

    [2]
    The fuel additive composition of claim 1, wherein the compound of formula (III) comprises the reaction product (i) of a hydrocarbyl-functional carbonyl compound; and (ii) an amine or a salt thereof, of formula (I)

    [3]
    The fuel additive composition of claim 2, wherein the hydrocarbyl-functional carbonyl compound comprises a hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid or anhydride.
    [4]
    The fuel additive composition of claim 3, wherein the hydrocarbyl substituent of the compound comprises a hydrocarbyl group having a number average molecular weight of from about 100 to about 5000.
    [5]
    The fuel additive composition according to claim 3, wherein the hydrocarbyl substituent comprises a polyisobutylene group derived from high reactivity polyisobutenes comprising at least 60% or more terminal olefinic double bonds.
    [6]
    The fuel additive composition of claim 2, wherein (ii) comprises an amino guanidine salt.
    [7]
    The fuel additive composition of claim 2, wherein (ii) comprises a guanidine salt.
    [8]
    The fuel additive composition of claim 2, wherein (ii) comprises aminoguanidine bicarbonate.
    [9]
    The fuel additive composition according to claim 1, wherein (a) is present in an amount of from about 1% by weight to about 70% by weight based on the total weight of the additive composition.
    [10]
    The fuel additive composition of claim 1, wherein (b) is present in an amount of from about 1 wt.% To about 70 wt.% Based on the total weight of the additive composition.
    [11]
    A fuel composition comprising: a dominant amount of a fuel; and a minor amount of a synergistic additive composition comprising: (a) a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimide dispersant, and (b) a compound of formula (III):

    [12]
    The fuel composition according to claim 11, wherein the compound of formula (III) comprises the reaction product (i) of a hydrocarbyl-functional carbonyl compound; and (ii) an amine or a salt thereof, of formula (I)

    [13]
    The fuel composition of claim 12, wherein the hydrocarbyl-functional carbonyl compound comprises a hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid or anhydride.
    [14]
    The fuel composition of claim 13, wherein the hydrocarbyl substituent comprises a hydrocarbyl group having a number average molecular weight of from about 100 to about 5000.
    [15]
    The fuel composition of claim 13, wherein the hydrocarbyl substituent comprises a polyisobutylene group derived from high reactivity polyisobutenes comprising at least 60% or more terminal olefinic double bonds.
    [16]
    The fuel composition of claim 12, wherein (ii) comprises an aminoguanidine salt.
    [17]
    The fuel composition of claim 12, wherein (ii) comprises a guanidine salt.
    [18]
    The fuel composition of claim 12, wherein (ii) comprises amino guanidine bicarbonate.
    [19]
    The fuel composition of claim 11, wherein (a) is present in an amount of from about 5 ppm to about 500 ppm.
    [20]
    20. The fuel composition of claim 11, wherein (b) is present in an amount of from about 1 ppm to about 200 ppm.
    [21]
    The fuel composition according to claim 11, further comprising at least one additive selected from the group consisting of antifoams, dispersants, detergents, antioxidants, heat stabilizers, vehicle fluids, metal deactivators , dyes, labels, corrosion inhibitors, biocides, antistatic additives, friction reducing agents, friction modifiers, demulsifiers, emulsifiers, antifoggants, anti-icing additives, antiknock additives, agents surfactants, cetane improvers, corrosion inhibitors, low temperature flow improvers, pour point depressants, solvents, demulsifiers, lubricity additives, extreme agents pressure, viscosity index improvers, seal swelling agents, amine stabilizers, combustion improvers, dispersants, conductivity improvers, metal deactivators, marker dyes, organic nitrate-type ignition accelerators, tricarbonyl manganese compounds, and mixtures thereof .
    [22]
    A process for improving the conductivity of a fuel, comprising: combining a dominant amount of a fuel, and a small amount of a synergistic additive composition comprising: (a) a dispersant of the type hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimide, and (b) a compound of formula (III)

    [23]
    23. Use as a fuel additive of a composition comprising a synergistic combination of: (a) a hydrocarbyl substituted succinimide dispersant, and (b) a compound of formula (III)

    [24]
    24. Use of a composition according to claim 23, wherein the compound of formula (III) comprises the reaction product (i) of a carbonyl compound having hydrocarbyl function; and (ii) an amine or a salt thereof, of formula (I)

    [25]
    25. Use of a composition according to claim 23, wherein the hydrocarbyl-functional carbonyl compound comprises a hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid or anhydride.
    [26]
    The use of a composition according to claim 25, wherein the hydrocarbyl substituent of the compound comprises a hydrocarbyl group having a number average molecular weight ranging from about 100 to about 5000.
    [27]
    Use of a composition according to claim 25, wherein the hydrocarbyl substituent comprises a polyisobutylene group derived from high reactivity polyisobutenes comprising at least 60% or more terminal olefinic double bonds.
    [28]
    28. Use of a composition according to claim 24, wherein (ii) comprises an amino-guanidine salt.
    [29]
    29. Use of a composition according to claim 24, wherein (ii) comprises a guanidine salt.
    [30]
    30. Use of a composition according to claim 24, wherein (ii) comprises aminoguanidine bicarbonate.
    [31]
    31. Use of a composition according to claim 23, wherein (a) is present in an amount of from about 1% by weight to about 70% by weight based on the total weight of the additive composition.
    [32]
    Use of a composition according to claim 23, wherein (b) is present in an amount of from about 1% by weight to about 70% by weight based on the total weight of the additive composition.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    SG161173A1|2010-05-27|
    CN101735867A|2010-06-16|
    US9574150B2|2017-02-21|
    GB2465056B|2012-01-18|
    CN101735867B|2014-03-05|
    GB2465056A|2010-05-12|
    US20100107482A1|2010-05-06|
    GB0918576D0|2009-12-09|
    US20130133244A1|2013-05-30|
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    法律状态:
    2018-08-31| MM| Lapsed because of non-payment of the annual fee|Effective date: 20171130 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US12/266,395|US20100107482A1|2008-11-06|2008-11-06|Conductivity-improving additives for fuel|
    US26639508|2008-11-06|
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