比利时专利BE1019082A5 PANEL MOUNTING SYSTEM.

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专利摘要:
A panel mounting system (1) to be placed on a surface (13), comprising elongated profiles (3) to which brackets (5) and wind plates (4) are attached by means of screwless cooperating connecting elements. The system further comprises panels (6) attached to the wind plates (4) by mounting profiles (7), and coupled to the brackets (5). The wind plates (4) prevent the wind from blowing under the panels (6), and have a flap-and-opening that aids natural convection in warm weather and creates downward pressure in strong winds. The mounting profiles (7) and the panel edge can create turbulence to reduce the lifting force in windy conditions.
公开号:BE1019082A5
申请号:E2011/0118
申请日:2011-02-21
公开日:2012-02-07
发明作者:Marc Bienstman
申请人:B & L；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

PANEL MOUNTING SYSTEM
TECHNICAL DOMAIN
The invention relates to a panel mounting system for mounting a plurality of panels on a substantially flat surface and at a predetermined angle therewith, which comprises the technical features of the preamble of the first claim.
STATE OF THE ART
Various panel mounting systems for mounting a plurality of panels on a flat surface, in particular solar panels mounted on a flat roof of a building, are known in the art. In recent years there has been a huge demand for panel mounting systems, in particular for mounting solar panels on the roofs of industrial buildings. The high demand has led many companies to develop, produce and install such panel mounting systems. It is a challenge to provide panel mounting systems at a reasonable cost, and to be able to supply and install the panels in large quantities, without reducing the rigidity of the panel mounting system. The latter is especially important as · such panel mounting systems are sometimes exposed to strong winds. The system should be constructed in such a way that the panels are not released, but also that the entire structure is prevented from being shifted or lifted, not only because the panels are very expensive, but also because panels or even the entire structure are those of a roof falling would cause serious damage or injury.
Some panel mounting systems described in the prior art are attached to the roof, e.g., by drilling through the roof surface. A disadvantage of such a system is that the roof is damaged, and drilling and fixing increases installation time and efforts.
Other panel mounting systems approach the problem of sliding by deliberately providing heavy systems. A disadvantage of such a system is that the extra weight is placed on the roof surface, for which the roof may not have been designed, that it increases the material cost and requires more installation time because heavy parts are not so easy to transport and manipulate.
EP1914490 describes an assembly with solar panels provided to be placed on a flat roof. The assembly includes a support frame for inclined placement of solar panels, with two upper sides and a base. A connection is made between the lower sides of the sloping solar panels and the roof covering. The second side of the assembly is made of metal plate. It is opposite the solar panels and tilts down in the opposite direction. A disadvantage of such a construction (which is typically screwed or welded, though not specified) is that its assembly takes a lot of time, even if the ypo.raf; is assembled in the factory, and it takes extra time for the panels to be attached to it, which is typically performed on site.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide a panel mounting system for mounting a plurality of panels on a substantially flat surface and at a predetermined angle therewith that can be produced and installed more quickly without reducing its rigidity.
This is achieved according to the present invention with the panel mounting system of the first claim. To this end, the panel mounting system according to the present invention comprises: a plurality of elongated profiles positioned parallel to and at a predetermined distance from each other on the substantially flat surface; - a plurality of wind plates mounted on the elongated profiles, each wind plate being adapted to support a first side of the panel to prevent sagging thereof; - a plurality of panels mounted on the wind plates at the first side, and on the elongated profiles at a second side of the panels, opposite the first side; wherein: - the panel mounting system further comprises a plurality of brackets, each bracket being provided to be coupled to one elongated profile via first screwless cooperating connecting means, and comprising a U-shape for holding an edge of at least one panel; - wherein each wind plate is oriented in a plane transverse to the elongated profiles, and is connected to two parallel elongated profiles via second screwless cooperating connecting means; and wherein the panel mounting system further comprises a plurality of mounting profiles mounted to the wind plates for anchoring the panels to the wind plates, and thereby immobilizing the parts of the panel mounting system.
By providing brackets, wind plates and elongated profiles with first resp. second screwless cooperating connecting means, such as, for example, a pin inserted into an opening or other pin-and-hole connections, the brackets and wind plates can be quickly mounted on the elongated profiles. By providing U-shaped brackets, an edge of the panels can easily be slid into the brackets for holding the panels on one side (e.g. the bottom), and at the same time fix the position of the bracket in the elongated profile to anchor. The panels can rest on a different side (e.g. the top) on the wind plates and can be attached to them by means of a mounting profile mounted against the wind plate, for example with the help of only two screws per panel. This entire assembly can be carried out much faster than with traditional panel mounting systems, which usually have elements that are welded together in multiple places, or connected by tightening a large number of screws. And this can be achieved without the use of complex mounting tools.
Instead of using a three-dimensional frame to which the panel is attached, according to the invention the panel itself is used as part of the mounting system, more specifically by sliding the panel into the brackets and by placing it on the wind plate, whereby the position of the brackets and the wind plate are anchored. This saves material costs and weight, and also time to produce, transport and install the mounting system. With the panel mounting system of the present invention, the panel is mounted at the same time as building up its supporting structure.
In addition to supporting one side of the panels to prevent sagging, the wind plates also serve to prevent wind that blows in a direction towards the wind plates and over the panels (in the case of solar panels that means wind coming from the north ) blows under the panels, which could exert a force with an upward component on the panels. By preventing this lifting force, the wind plates allow the weight of the structure to be reduced, without increasing the risk of lifting the panels or the entire structure. The use of light elements is cheaper (material costs) and faster (labor costs) during installation, because they are easier to transport and to manipulate.
The inventor has surprisingly determined that it is not necessary to support two opposite sides of the panels over their full length, but that it is sufficient to support one full length and two corners of the opposite side. By using brackets to support these panel corners, additional elongated profiles extending over the entire second panel side can be omitted. This in turn saves material costs and time and effort for producing, transporting, installing and fixing them.
The components of the panel mounting system of the present invention, including the elongated profiles, the wind plates, the brackets and the mounting profiles, can be produced simply and quickly using standard, highly automated machines.
Preferably, the first screwless cooperating connecting means comprise a protrusion of the bracket provided to fit into a first opening of the elongated profile, so that the bracket can be attached to the elongated profile by inserting the protrusion into the opening without fixing any screws .
An additional advantage is that no fastening tools are required for this fastening, thereby saving time for collecting, transporting, packing, unpacking and using such tools.
Another additional advantage is that such tools are often lost or simply forgotten, especially when working outside the factory, as a result of which a worker cannot continue with his normal work, and the installation team loses time.
Preferably, the protrusion of the bracket has a special shape, so that the bracket must be tilted or rotated when the protrusion is inserted into the first opening of the elongated profile, and is prevented from tilting or turning after it is coupled to the panel ,. In this way, the brackets can be mounted and anchored to the elongated profiles in a quick and easy way, and without having to use additional tools or fasteners (such as screws).
The protrusion of the bracket preferably has a curved or curved shape. In addition, by choosing a correct shape and dimensions, the bracket in its coupled position will be oriented at the predetermined angle relative to the substantially flat surface. This leads to a mounting system with a higher stability and that exhibits fewer vibrations under windy conditions. Disturbing noise and metal fatigue are also avoided in this way, because the bracket can rest on the elongated profile.
Preferably, the second screwless cooperating connecting means comprise a protrusion of the wind plate provided to fit into a second opening of the elongated profile. In this way the wind plates can be mounted on the elongated profiles in a quick and easy way, and without having to use additional tools or fasteners (such as screws). After the panel has been mounted against the wind plate and the mounting profile has been attached to it, the position of the wind plate relative to the elongated profiles is anchored.
In one embodiment, each elongated profile comprises a rubber mat (or underlay) for simple placement of the elongated profiles on top of the substantially flat surface, and for preventing its sliding over the substantially flat surface under windy conditions, for example by gluing a rubber strip on the elongated profile. In this way, the elongated profiles simply have to be laid on the flat surface, without aligning a mat underneath, which saves time. Another advantage of such a rubber mat or strip is that it helps prevent damage to the material of the surface, as might otherwise be caused by sharp edges of the elongated profiles.
In another embodiment: the panel mounting system of the present invention further comprises a plurality of mounting feet to be placed on the substantially flat surface, each mounting foot being provided to support an elongated profile in such a way that water is present on the substantially flat surface can flow under the elongated profiles. The inventor has found that a small elevation (such as, for example, 6-8 mm) offers the advantage that rainwater (or water from melting snow or the like) can flow under the elongated profiles instead of remaining between the elongated profiles (e.g. on a roof ), and found that this increase has a negligible influence on the streamlines of the wind, and thus on the forces exerted on the panel mounting system.
Preferably, each mounting foot has a form for holding additional ballast (a weighting mass) placed on top of the elongated profiles to prevent the wind from lifting the panel mounting system. By adding ballast, the risk of a strong wind lifting the panel mounting system is reduced. This ballast can be easily and elegantly placed on the mounting feet.
Preferably, each mounting foot has a protrusion provided for coupling into an elongated slot of the elongated profile to allow expansion or contraction of the elongated profile in the longitudinal direction at varying temperatures. By allowing the elongated profiles to expand or shrink on the mounting feet, damage to the surface material caused by this thermal expansion and shrinkage can be prevented because the mounting feet remain in their fixed position relative to the flat surface. An additional advantage of these protrusions and slots is that they can help speed up the assembly process, by avoiding the need to measure the intended distance between the mounting feet, which distance can be easily deduced from the position of the slots, saving time during the installation.
Preferably, the mounting profiles have an angular or curved surface with an angle λ of 158 ° - 168 ° with respect to the wind plates when they are attached thereto, to increase turbulence when the wind blows; in the direction of the wind plates and over the panels, for reducing an upward force acting on the panels caused by the wind. By consciously choosing a mounting profile with a shape that causes or increases turbulence when the wind blows over the top of the wind plate to the panel, (in the case of solar panels facing south, this means a wind coming from the north), a laminar flow over the panels that would cause an underpressure is intentionally disrupted in such a way that the underpressure above the panel is reduced. In other words, the upward-directed force component that works on the panels is reduced. In fact, the turbulence is generated advantageously over the entire panel side, not only at the location of the fixing profile, since the panel edge has substantially the same angle with the wind plate. This allows a reduction in the weight of the panel mounting system, thereby reducing material costs and easing the mechanical strength requirements of the surface such as, for example, a roof. This also allows a faster and easier installation of the mounting system, since lighter parts are easier to manipulate. Or in other words, for a given weight, the panel mounting system of the present invention can withstand a higher wind speed
Preferably, the panels are organized into one or more panel rows, each panel row comprising at least one panel and furthermore two side panels of a substantially triangular shape, each side panel being located on one end of the panel row, and mounted on a corresponding elongate profile using third screwless cooperating connecting means, and on a wind plate; each wind plate has at least one elongated flap and aperture oriented substantially parallel to the substantially flat surface, to create a negative pressure at the bottom of the panel due to the venturi effect when the wind blows over the panel and the mounting profile, and over the flap and opening. When the wind blows in the direction of the wind plate, (in the case of solar panels facing south this means a wind coming from the south), the air flowing over the top of the mounting profile will not be the panel of the next panel row " touch "on its second side, but slightly further, so that an upwardly directed force is exerted on the panels, which upwardly directed force is reduced by the underpressure created under the panel by the venturi effect when the wind blows over the opening . By substantially closing the row of panels at its opposite ends, the underpressure will create a desired suction force that is exerted on the wind plates and on the panel.
The side panels are preferably attached to the elongated profiles by means of third screwless cooperating connecting means, such as for example a protrusion of the side panel provided to fit into a third opening of the elongated profile, which allows a very quick and simple assembly. Optionally, the protrusion has a curved shape or a curved edge, so as to provide an anchoring means, to improve stability, and to reduce vibrations.
Preferably the panels are rectangular panels with two long sides and two short sides, and are directed in such a way that the long sides of the panels are substantially parallel to the substantially flat surface. As used herein, the terms "long" and "short" should not be interpreted in absolute terms, but are only used to describe which of the sides are longer than the others. Theoretically, the net total panel area exposed in a particular direction is the same for panels oriented with their long side parallel to the surface, or their short side, when taking into account the shadow area of the adjacent panel rows. However, the inventor has found that by placing the panels with their long side parallel to the surface, the forces exerted on the panels are smaller than in the case where the short sides are parallel to the surface. This allows the panel-supporting structure to be made from a lighter material, which is cheaper (material. Costs), but also easier to transport, manipulate and assemble (labor costs). Another advantage is that the panels are supported on their long side, thereby reducing the stress exerted on the panel, and thus also the risk of bending or breaking, which should not be neglected since such panels are exposed to external weather conditions for many years .
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of a panel mounting system according to the present invention, for holding twenty panels organized in four rows of five panels each, ashei. Figures 2A-2E show different views of one panel element of the panel mounting system of Figure 1, wherein elongated profiles are placed on mounting feet.
. Figures 3A-3E show different views of a variant of the panel element of Figure 2, wherein the elongated profiles are directly on one. flat surface without the use of mounting feet.
FIG. 4 shows an exploded view of the panel element of FIG. 2A.
FIG. 5A shows a preferred embodiment of a bracket used in the panel mounting system of the present invention in perspective view.
Figures 5B-5D show successive steps for mounting the bracket of Fig 5A in the elongated profile, in perspective view (bottom) and side view (center).
Fig. 5E shows an alternative embodiment of a bracket that can be used in the panel mounting system of the present invention.
Figures 6A-6D show a sequence of steps for interconnecting two elongated profiles, using an interconnection profile.
FIG. 7 shows a preferred embodiment of a mounting foot of FIG. 2 in more detail.
Figures 8A-8C show (from left to right) a sequence of steps for mounting the elongated profile in the mounting base of Figure 7, in a front view (top), top view (center) and perspective view (bottom).
Figures 9 and 10 show a detailed view of a preferred mounting of the elongated profiles and mounting base of Figures 8C, in front view and top view, respectively.
Figures 11A and 11B show the wind plate used in Figure 2 in perspective view in more detail.
Figures 11C-11E show a sequence of steps for mounting the wind plate of Figure 2 to the elongated profile.
FIG. 12A shows in more detail how the mounting profile of Fig. 2 can be mounted on the wind plate.
Figures 12B-12E show how the mounting profile of Fig. 12A is mounted to the wind plate and holds the panel in perspective view, top view, side view, and enlarged side view, respectively.
Figures 13A-13C show a sequence of steps for mounting a side panel of the panel mounting element of Figure 2, in perspective view (left) and in front view (right).
Fig. 14A and Fig. 14B show a preferred embodiment of a means for holding and guiding cables at the bottom of the panel.
Fig. 14C show an alternative embodiment of a wind plate with a cable groove.
Figures 15A-15D show the air flow from a wind coming from the south, which blows over the panel mounting system of Figure 1.
Fig. 15A shows the air flow over two consecutive panel rows.
Fig. 15B shows the forces exerted on the panel mounting system according to the air flow of Fig. 15A.
Fig. 15C and 15D show the venturi effect of the flap and opening of the wind plate in more detail.
Figures 16A-16D show the air flow from a wind coming from the north, which blows over the panel mounting system of Figure 1.
Fig. 16A shows the air flow over two consecutive panel rows.
Fig. 16B shows the forces exerted on the panel mounting system according to the air flow of Fig. 16A.
Figs. 16C and 16D show the turbulences caused by the flap and opening and by the fixing profile in more detail.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
REFERENCES: 1 panel mounting system 11 panel row 12 screw 13 flat / flat surface 14 ballast (weight) 2 mounting base 21 support surface (for ballast) 22 support surface (for elongated profile) 23 protrusion (cam, pin) 24 rubber mat 25 height 26 groove 3 elongated profile 31 first opening (for the bracket) 32 second opening (for the wind plate) 33 third opening (for the side panel) 34 rubber mat 35 elongated slot (for the foot) 36 interconnection profile 37 height 4 wind plate 41 protrusion (cam, pin) 42 flap and opening 43 first mounting hole (for mounting profile) 44 second mounting hole (for side panel) 46 plastic mounting strip 47 cable groove 48 third opening 491 main section 492 upper section 493 lateral section 494 rear section 5 bracket 51 protrusion 52 surface 6 panel 61 first edge 62 second edge 63 first side 64 second side 65 short side 7 mounting profile 71 curved or curved edge 72 mounting holes 73 screw 701 first segment 702 second segment 703 third segment 8 side panel 81 protrusion (cam, pin) 82 opening
Fig. 1 shows an example of a panel mounting system 1 according to the present invention in perspective view. The panel mounting system 1 of this example holds twenty panels 6 organized in a contiguous four-row matrix with five panels 6 each, but the present invention also works for a different number of panels 6 per row, such as, for example, any number in the range of 1-20, ie 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, but more than 20 also possible, e.g. 22, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, but more than 100 is also possible; and any number of rows 11, such as, for example, any number in the range of 1-20, ie 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, but more than 20 is also possible, e.g. 22, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, but more than 100 rows are also possible . A panel row 11 of only one panel 6 can occur, for example, when building around a chimney. The panels 6 are preferably placed in a row 11 in a substantially side-to-side relationship, with a typical distance of 2 mm between them. The panels 6 can be, for example, solar panels for converting light energy into electrical energy, or thermal panels for heating water. The panel mounting system 1 is typically placed on top of a flat roof of a building, e.g., an industrial building, but the invention is not limited thereto, and the panel mounting system 1 of the present invention can, for example, also be placed on other substantially flat surfaces such as for example on the ground.
Figures 2A-2E show different views of one element of the panel mounting system 1 of Fig. 1, wherein the elongated profiles 3 are placed on mounting feet 2 which are placed on a flat surface 13, e.g. a flat roof. Each mounting foot 2 can optionally have an additional ballast (weight), preferably placed on top of the mounting foot 2. The rectangular panel 6 is mounted at a predetermined angle α relative to the roof surface 13, e.g. at an angle of 15 ° -25 °. The angle β between the wind plate 4 and the roof surface 13 is typically an angle of 50 ° -56 °, preferably 53 °. The angle φ between the panel 6 and the wind plate 4 is preferably an angle of 102 ° -112 °, but the invention is not limited thereto, and other angles can also be used. The panel 6 is preferably oriented such that its long sides 63, 64 are parallel to the roof surface 13. This reduces the overall height H (see Fig 2E) of the panel mounting system 1, and limits the forces acting on the panel 6 under windy conditions, as will be further discussed in Figures 15 and 16. Preferably, each mounting foot 2 comprises an anti-slip (high friction) material, e.g. a rubber mat or strip 24 (Fig. 8A), to prevent it from sliding over the roof surface 13 under windy conditions. An advantage of mounting feet 2 with anti-slip material 24 attached thereto, compared to placing loose protective mats at the bottom, is that it requires less installation time by eliminating unrolling of the mat, orienting, aligning and cutting it. The element of Fig. 2A shows a side panel 8, but this is for illustrative purposes only, since the elements that are not on the outside of a panel row 11 do not require a side panel 8, so material cost, weight and effort can be saved by omitting the side panels 8 for all panels 6 in a panel row 11 except two (at the ends of the panel row 11). Note that the side panels 8 may have an opening 82 for passage of electrical cables, or wires of the panels 6, e.g. of solar panels or photovoltaic (RV) panels.
Figures 3A-3E show different views of one element of a variant of the panel mounting system 1 of Fig. 1, wherein the elongated profiles 3 are placed on a flat surface 13 without using mounting feet 2. In this case, preferably, rubber mats or strips 34 connected at the bottom of the elongated profiles 3 to prevent them from sliding over the flat roof surface 13 under windy conditions. The rubber strip 34 may, for example, be as wide as the elongated profile 3, e.g. Preferably, they are located under the wind plates 4. An advantage of elongated profiles 3 with anti-slip material 34 attached thereto, compared to placing loose protective mats under elongated profiles 3, is that it requires less installation time by eliminating the time for unrolling the mat, orienting it, and aligning it with the elongated profiles 3. The rubber mats or strips 34 attached to the elongated profiles 3 can also help to prevent damage to the roof material or help with chemical or contact reactions to be avoided between the material of the elongated profiles 3 and the roof material.
The remainder of the description will further describe the other components of Fig. 2, but everything said for Fig. 2 also applies to Fig. 3, except for the mounting feet 2 and the optional rubber mats or strips 34 under the elongated profiles 3, unless explicitly stated otherwise mention.
Fig. 4 shows an exploded view of the element of Fig. 2. This figure will be used to explain how the panel mounting system 1 according to the present invention is assembled. First, a plurality of mounting feet 2a, 2b, etc. are aligned and placed at a predetermined distance d1 from each other, taking into account the number of panel rows 11 to be mounted. Then a first elongated profile becomes. 3a placed in the grooves 26a of the. mounting feet 2a, 2b, etc., as shown. Then, a second amount of mounting feet 2c, 2d, etc. are aligned and placed at a predetermined distance d1 from each other, and at a predetermined distance d2 from the first elongated profile 3a. Next, a second elongated profile 3b is placed in the grooves 26b of the second series of mounting feet 2c, 2d, etc., parallel to the first elongated profile 3a. Next, two brackets 5a and 5b are respectively mounted on the elongated profiles 3a and 3b, e.g. by inserting a protrusion (e.g. cam, pin) 51 of the brackets 5a, 5b into a corresponding first opening 31 in the elongated profiles 3a , 3b. This will be described in more detail in Figures 5A-5D. Simultaneously or afterwards, the wind plates 4a can be mounted on the elongated profiles 3a, 3b by inserting the protrusions 41 of the wind plate 4a into the corresponding second openings in the elongated profiles 3a, 3b. This will be described in detail in Figures 11A-11E. Then the edges 61, 62 of a panel 6a, e.g. a solar panel, are coupled to the brackets 5a, 5b, and the first (top) side 63 of the panel 6a is placed on the top of the wind plate 4a. Subsequently, the panel 6a is attached to the wind plate 4a by mounting a mounting profile 7a to the wind plate 4a, for example by tightening two screws 73. This will be described in detail in Figs. 12A-12E. In this way the first panel 6a is mounted at a predetermined angle α relative to the roof surface 13.
For mounting a next panel 6b (not shown) next to the first panel 6a in the same panel row 11, similar steps are followed. First, a plurality of additional mounting feet 2e, 2f, etc (not shown) are placed on the roof surface 13, at a distance d2 from the elongated profile 3b, then an additional elongated profile 3c (not shown) is applied to the mounting feet 2e, 2f , etc. A bracket 5c (not shown) is placed on the elongated profile 3c. A wind plate 4b (not shown) is mounted on the elongated profiles 3b and 3c. The panel 6b (not shown) is attached via its first edge 61b in bracket 5b, and via its second edge 62b in bracket 5c. Next, the second panel 6b is attached to the second wind plate 4b using a second mounting profile 7b (not shown). Note that the bracket 5a holds only one panel 6a at the end of the panel row 11, while the bracket 5b holds two panels 6a, 6b. The latter is true for all brackets 5 in the panel row 11, except for the brackets 5 at the outer positions of the panel row 11.
The same procedure is followed for each additional panel 6 that is added to the panel row 11. When all panels of a row 11 are mounted, the opposite sides of the panel row 11 are preferably closed by mounting two triangular side panels 8, as will be explained in detail in Figures 13A-13C.
When a second row 11 (not shown) is started, the mounting feet 2 and elongated profiles 3 no longer have to be placed, since they are already placed. For each panel 6 of the second panel row 11, one bracket 5 is mounted on the elongated profiles 3, except for the first panel 6 for which two brackets 5 are mounted, one in the elongated profile 3a, the other in the elongated profile 3b. Subsequently, the wind plate 4 is mounted on the elongated profiles, a panel 6 is coupled in the brackets 5 and fixed to the wind plate 4 using a mounting profile 7, which is fixed to the wind plate 4, e.g. using two screws or rivets or other fasteners known to those skilled in the art. And so on for the following rows 11.
If desired, additional ballast 14 can be placed in the mounting feet 2 on top of the elongated profiles 3, to reduce the risk of the panel mounting system 1 shifting or being lifted in strong winds.
Fig. 5A shows a preferred embodiment of a bracket 5 according to the invention, in perspective view. Preferably, the bracket 5 has a protrusion 51 and is curved. The bracket 5 is preferably made of stainless steel because of its rigidity, but other materials known to those skilled in the art can also be used. Figures 5B-5D show a sequence of steps for attaching the bracket 5 of Fig. 5A to the elongated profile 3, in perspective view (below), and side view (center). In Fig. 5B, the bracket 5 is placed on top of the elongated profile 3 and the protrusion 51 of the bracket 5 is inserted into the first opening 31 of the elongated profile 3. In Figures 5C and 5D, the bracket is then rotated to fit the bracket 5. locking in the elongated profile 3. The dimensions and shape of the protrusion 51 of the shown bracket 5 is chosen such that when the bracket 5 is fully rotated (see Fig. 5D) and rests on the elongated profile 3, and a panel 6 is inserted in the U-shape of the bracket 5, an angle α is formed between the panel 6 and the elongated profile 3, the angle α preferably being an angle in the range of 15 ° -25 °.
Fig. 5E shows an alternative embodiment of the bracket 5, which also has a U-shape for holding the panel edge 61, 62 and also a protrusion 51 (e.g. a pin or cam or the like) to be inserted into a corresponding first opening or slot 31 of the elongated profile 3, which slot 31 (not shown) can, for example, have a T-shape (in top view). After the protrusion 51 of this bracket 5 has been inserted into the slot of the elongated profile 3, the bracket 5 is rotated about the Z-axis or can be shifted into the slot 31 for anchoring its position in the elongated profile 3. A The advantage of the bracket 5 shown in Figures 5A-5D is that it is easier to produce, and during use its position is more stable than the bracket shown in Figure 5E.
Figures 6A-6D show a sequence of steps for interconnecting two elongated profiles 3 using an interconnection profile 36 and a screw 12. This is typically employed when the length of the elongated profiles 3 (typically 6.0 m maximum) is insufficient is for supporting all panel rows 11. It offers the advantage of interconnecting all panel rows 11, so that shear forces can be distributed. This can also be applied, for example, when building the panel mounting system 1 around obstacles on the surface 13, such as, for example, a chimney or a skylight, whereby elongated profiles 3 of, for example, 1.5 m or 3.0 m can be used. In this case, each partial row is preferably closed at the sides via side panels 8. As shown in Fig. 6A, the elongated profiles 3 are preferably hollow rectangular tubes with rounded edges, but the invention will also work with other profiles, such as e.g. C-profile or a square tube. The profile 3 can for instance be 100 mm wide to obtain a stable positioning on the roof surface 13. Preferably, the interconnection profile 36 or the elongated profile 3 has a hole with an internal thread corresponding to that of the screw 12, but a self-tapping screw or a rivet or other known fasteners can also be used. In Fig. 6B, the interconnection profile 36 is inserted into the hollow elongated profile 3a, and is attached thereto by means of the screw 12 in Fig. 6C. In Fig. 6D, the second elongated profile 3b is slid over the interconnection profile 36 but not attached thereto to allow for thermal expansion or contraction.
Fig. 7 shows the mounting foot 2 of Fig. 1 in more detail. In a preferred embodiment, the mounting foot 2 has four first support surfaces 21 for supporting optional ballast 14, but a different number of first support surfaces 21 can also be used, e.g. two or more than four. Placing ballast 14 on top of the mounting base 2 is a very practical and aesthetic solution for placing the weight of the weight 14 on the panel mounting system 1. The ballast 14 can for instance be one or more concrete tiles. The mounting foot 2 of Fig. 7 also has three second support surfaces 22 for supporting an elongated profile 3 (not shown in Fig. 7), but a different number of second support surfaces 22 can also be used, such as e.g. one or two or more than three. Preferably, one or more of these second support surfaces 22 has an optional bulge or protrusion 23 for helping to determine the distance d1 between the mounting feet 2, without using a meter (or measuring rod). The idea is to provide elongated profiles 3 with an elongated slot 35 at predetermined distances d1 from each other, and to position or slide the elongated profile 3 over the mounting foot 2 such that the protrusion 23 fits into the elongated slot 35, as further will be explained in Fig. 8C and Fig. 10. By avoiding measuring, time can be gained in assembling the panel mounting system 1. The mounting foot 2 is preferably made of a plastic material, such as, for example, polypropylene, because it is chemically compatible with most roof materials such as bitumen or asphalt, and it can withstand a wide temperature range (such as -40 ° C to + 70 ° C). Such plastic mounting foot 2 is also inexpensive and lightweight, and can be easily transported and placed on a roof surface 13. The moritating feet 2 are typically 5 cm high and 30 cm x 30 cm in size, but other dimensions will also work. The shape shown in Fig. 7. also allows simple and compact stacking.
i. Figures 8A-8C show (from left to right) a sequence of steps for mounting an elongated profile 3 in the groove 26 of the mounting foot 2 of Fig. 7, in a front view (top), a top view (center) and perspective view (below). The mounting foot 2 preferably has a rubber mat or strip 24 at the bottom to prevent the mounting foot 2 from sliding over the roof surface 13. First, the mounting foot 2 is placed on a substantially flat surface 13, then an elongated profile 3 is placed in the group 26 of the mounting foot 2, in this case it will; rest on the second support surfaces 22 thereof, then a weighting weight (optionally) is placed on the elongated profile 3 (Fig. 8G). Note that a mounting base 2 as described above, with or without protrusion 23, and with or without rubber mat 24 can also be fitted for other panel mounting systems other than the panel mounting system 1 according to the present invention.
Fig. 9 shows a detail view of a portion of the upper figure of Fig. 8C. It shows that preferably the height 25, being the sum of the heights of the first supporting surface 22 for supporting the elongated profile 3 and the height 37 of the elongated profile 3 is a little larger than the height 26 of the supporting surfaces 21 for bearing the ballast weight 14, typically 0.1 - 0.3 mm larger. In this way the ballast weight 14 rests initially on the elongated profile 3, and thereby prevents vibrations from the elongated profile 3, and from the rest of the panel mounting system 1.
Fig. 10 shows another detailed view of a portion of Fig. 8C. It shows that a protrusion 23 of the mounting foot 2 is coupled into an elongated slot 35 of the elongated profile 3. This permits thermal expansion or contraction of the elongated profile 3 under varying temperature conditions.
Figures 11A and 11B show a preferred embodiment of the wind plate 4 as used in Figure 4, in perspective view and viewed from the outside of the panel mounting system 1 (Figure 11A) and from an inside of. the panel mounting system 1 (Fig 11B). The wind plate 4 is preferably made from a metal plate that is cut and pleated to form a three-dimensional structure as shown in the figures. The wind plate 4 shown has a main portion 491, two lateral portions 49ß, and an upper portion 492. The angle between the main portion 491 and the lateral portions 493 is substantially 90 °, while the angle φ between the main portion 491 and the upper portion 492 is preferably an angle between 1.02 DEG-112 DEG. As will be further explained in Fig. 14, the wind plate 4 preferably has. also a rear portion 494. An advantage of this three-dimensional structure is that it increases the structural strength of the wind plate 4, compared to a simple flat wind plate used in the prior art. This allows the wind plate 4 to be manufactured from aluminum with a thickness of, for example, only 1.0 mm, but the invention is not limited thereto, and other thicknesses, such as e.g. 1.5 mm and / or other materials, such as e.g. stainless steel can also be used. The shown wind plate 4 has three flap pins 42 for creating turbulence by disturbing the air flow, and for creating an underpressure by using the venturi effect, depending on the direction of the wind 17, as will be further explained in Figures 15 and 16. The wind plate 4 has protrusions 41 for quick and easy mounting (eg by means of insertion techniques) in the elongated profiles 3, it has first mounting holes 43, e.g. holes with internal thread, for mounting of the mounting profile 7, and second mounting holes 44 for mounting the side panels 8, if necessary. The latter is only applicable to the wind plates 4 located at the ends of a panel row 11, but for quick and simple assembly, the second mounting holes 44 are preferably provided in all wind plates 4, even if they are not used.
Figures 11C-11E show a sequence of steps for mounting the wind plate 4 of Figure 2 to the (hollow) elongated profile 3. Figure 11C shows how the protrusions 41 are aligned above the second openings 32 of the elongated profile 3, and therein be inserted (Fig 11D). In Fig. 11E, the wind plate 4 is slid in the longitudinal direction of the elongated profile 3 to anchor its position in the elongated profile. Its position is immobilized when the mounting profile 7 is attached to the wind plate 4. Note that the protrusions 41 are directed away from the brackets 5, and that the wind plate 4 is slid in a direction away from the brackets 5 for anchoring its position in the elongated profiles 3. This provides a more robust panel mounting system 1.
Fig. 12A shows in more detail how the fixing profile 7 of Fig. 2 can be attached to the wind plate 4. This can be done, for example, by inserting a screw 73 through mounting holes 72 of the fixing profile 7 into corresponding first mounting holes 43 of the wind plate. 4. The mounting holes 43 may, for example, have internal threads, or the screw may be a self-tapping screw, but other connecting means may also be used, such as, for example, a rivet. Apart from the screws for mounting the side panels 8 in openings 44, as will be further explained in Fig. 13, only two screws 73 need to be fastened per panel 6 for assembling the panel mounting system 1 of the present invention. As explained above, the other connections, e.g. the bracket 5 on the elongated profile 3, the wind plate 4 on the elongated profile 3, the side panel 8 on the elongated profile 3, etc. are realized by screwless connections, saving much time during the assembly. If used, two additional screws are needed per panel row 11 for attaching the side panels 8 to the wind plates 4. Figures 12B-12E show how the fixing profile 7 of Fig. 12A is mounted on the wind plate 4, respectively in perspective view, top view, side view and enlarged side view. In an alternative embodiment, the fixing profile 7 does not have to be placed in the middle of the wind plate 4, but can for instance be placed such that it overlaps two wind plates 4. The length of the mounting profile 7 shown in Fig. 12 is approximately 1/3 of the size of the panel 6, but other dimensions would also work. By choosing a smaller size, material costs and weight are saved.
Fig. 12E shows in detail a preferred embodiment of the mounting profile 7 that can be used in the panel mounting system 1 of the present invention. It has a curved shape with three segments, a first segment 701 provided for mounting against the wind plate 4, a second segment 702 connected to the first segment 701 under a hpekA of 158 ° -168 ° therewith for creating turbulence (as further will be explained in Fig. 16D), and a third segment 703 connected to the second segment 702 at an angle ω preferably of 88 ° for anchoring the side 6.63 of the panel 6. In this way the parts of the panel mounting system 1 are immobilized by the mounting profile 7, in particular the brackets 3, the wind plate 4 and the panel 6.
By placing the flap and opening 42 near an upper side of the wind panel 4, natural convection can take place under warm weather conditions, such as in the summer. This helps to reduce the temperature under the panel mounting system 1, which is good for the efficiency of solar panels, but this is also good for limiting the temperature of the roof material under the panels 6.
". . . Figures 13A-13C show a sequence of steps for mounting a side panel 8 of the panel mounting element of Figure 4, in perspective view (left) and in front view (right). As shown, the projection 81 of the side panel 8 is first inserted into one or more third openings 33 of the elongated profile 3. The third opening (s) 33 are typically located between the second openings 32 for receiving the projections 4,1i of the windpanelep 4 and the first openings 31 for receiving the protrusions 51 of the brackets 5 (see Fig. 4). Subsequently (Fig. 13B and Fig. 13C) the side panel 8 is tilted in the direction of the wind plate 4, and attached thereto by conventional fastening means such as e.g. screws or rivets or the like (not shown). One screw or rivet (or the like) per side panel 8 is sufficient to anchor its position, but two or more screws or rivets or the like can also be used, e.g. for aesthetic reasons. The side panels 8 are preferably made from an aluminum plate of, for example, 1.0 mm thickness.
Figures 14A-14C show a preferred embodiment of a means for holding electrical cables at the bottom of the solar panel 6, by means of a plastic fastening strip 46 (also called a cable tie or cable clamp) that is inserted into a third opening 48 at the rear 494 of the wind plate 4, and that around the electrical cables can be tied in known ways. Fig. 14C shows an alternative embodiment of the wind plate 4 with a cable duct 47 (also called "cable conductor"). An advantage of the wind plate of Fig. 14A with the plastic fastening strip 46 over the wind plate of Fig. 14C is that it requires less metal, so that material costs and weight are saved.
Fig. 15A shows the air flow over two consecutive panel rows 11 when wind blows in the direction of the panels 6 over the fixing profile 7 and over the wind plate 4, i.e. in the positive X direction. For a laminar flow, the pressure is high where the density of the streamlines is high, and the pressure is low where the density of the streamlines is low. Looking at the streamlines of Fig. 15A, this means that there is an overpressure at the top of the panels 6 which presses the panel 6 towards the roof surface 13, except near the mounting feet 2, where there is a slight underpressure above the panel 6. Fig. 15B shows the forces exerted on the panels 6 and on the wind plates 4. To reduce these forces, the sides of the panel rows 11 are preferably closed with side panels 8, as shown in Fig. 1, and the wind plates 4 have elongated flaps openings 42 (see Fig. 12A), so that a high wind speed (such as, for example, more than 80 km / h) over the opening 42 will create a reduced pressure below the panel 6 due to the venturi effect. This underpressure will pull the panel 6 towards the roof surface 13, and will partially counteract the force exerted on the wind plate 4. 15C and 15D show the streamlines and the venturi openings 42 of the wind plate 4 in more detail.
Fig. 16A shows the air flow over two consecutive panel rows 11 when wind blows in the direction of the wind plate 4 over the mounting profile 7 and over the panel 6, ie in the negative X direction, in the case of solar panels facing South this means a wind coming from the north. In this case, the elongated flap and aperture 42 of the wind plate 4 and the shape of the mounting profile 7 mainly create turbulences of the air flow such that the wind curls over the mounting profile 7, causing a large underpressure above the panel 6 is avoided. Figures 16C and 16D show the turbulences caused by the flap and opening 42 and by the mounting profile 7 in more detail. Tests with three flaps 42 of 25 mm x 400 mm per wind plate 4 and oriented at an angle ε with respect to the wind plate 4 of approximately 30 ° have shown good results. But a different number of flaps 42 can also be used, and the flaps 42 can also have a different width, such as, for example, 15 - 60 mm, preferably 20 - 40 mm, more preferably 25 - 30 mm; and a different length, such as, for example, 150 mm, -750 mm, preferably 200 - 600 mm, more preferably 250 - 500 mm, even more preferably 300 - 400 mm; and another angle ε relative to the wind plate 4 can also be used, such as e.g. 25 ° -35 °, preferably 27 ° -33 °, more preferably about 30 °.
Figures 15A-15D and Figures 16A-16D show the beneficial effects of the elongated flap and apertures 42 of the wind plate 4, and of the angular or curved shape of the mounting profile 7, which allow the weight of the panel mounting system 1 of the present invention further reduce, so that material and transport costs can be saved and the assembly time can be further reduced. Wind tunnel tests have shown that the panel mounting system 1 of the present invention can withstand additional wind speeds of 90-210 km / h, depending on the wind direction, and can withstand wind speeds of more than 150 o km / h when a ballast of 20 kg / m is used. Note that the "closure" of the side panels 8 need not be a hermetic closure to obtain the advantage of the venturi effect.
Wind tunnel tests have shown that between the first panel row 11 (as seen through the wind) and the following panel rows 11 there is hardly any wind between the bottom of the wind plate 4 and close to the roof. In Fig. 15A this is near the location of the ballast 14b, 14c, etc. When the wind blows over the panels at a high speed (e.g.> 60 km / h), it will not bend down directly after the mounting profile 7. This is why there is no risk that the wind will dive under the panel 6 of the second and subsequent panel rows. Instead, the wind bends down only slowly, as shown in Fig. 15A. For this reason, the bottom openings between the wind plate 4 and the roof surface 13, more particularly between the second side 64 of the panel 6 and the roof surface 13, have virtually no effect on the lifting force exerted by the wind on the panel mounting system 1.
Referring to Figures 16A and 16D, when the wind blows from the North (to the wind plate 4, in the negative X direction), the air flow is intentionally disrupted by the flap and opening 42 of the wind plate 4, zodatede, wind; bends down on the panel 6 shortly behind the top of the fastening profile 7. In this way the lifting effect that would arise in <dien-d, e: Λ / find ,, becomes more aerodynamic over the panel 6 (ie more according to, a laminar flow, counteracted by the flap 42. Preferably, the elongated profiles 3 are made of a lightweight metal, such as, for example, aluminum or an aluminum alloy, around the weight of the panel mounting system. 1, and therefore also the demands made on the roof strength, and to reduce the installation time. But profiles made; stainless steel would also work. An advantage of aluminum or an aluminum alloy is that it is lighter and cheaper than stainless steel, and it is easier and faster to process, for example when holes or slots are made. Cutting the aluminum elongated profiles to the desired length, or providing holes or slots in them can be done, for example, by laser cutting ("laser cutting"). Typical dimensions of the elongated profiles 3 in cross-section are, for example, 25 mm. ^ 100 mm and 2 mm thickness, but elongated profiles 3 with other dimensions can also be used. The wind plates 4 are preferably made of aluminum plates of 1.0 mm thickness for the same reasons, but a wind plate 4 of a different thickness or made of stainless steel would also work. The total weight of the panel mounting system 1 of the present invention (without panels 6 and without ballast 14) is approximately 2.42 kg / m2 roof area.
The typical time required for assembling the panel mounting system 1 of the present invention is on average less than four "4" minutes per panel 6, compared to more than double this time with conventional panel mounting systems 1. The wind plates 4, the side panels 8 and the brackets 5 can be easily produced by cutting and crimping metal plates.
EXAMPLES OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
In a first example according to the invention the following angles are used: α = 15 °, β = 53 °, φ = 112 °, λ = 158 °, ε = 27 °, ω = 89 °.
In a second example according to the invention the following angles are used: a = 25 °, β = 53 °, φ = 102 °, λ = 168 °, ε = 30 °, ω = 88 °.
In a third example according to the invention the following angles are used: a = 20 °, β = 53 °, φ = 107 °, λ = 163 °, ε = 33 °, ω = 87 °.

权利要求:
Claims (15)
[1]
A panel mounting system (1) for mounting a plurality of panels (6) on a substantially flat surface (13) and at a predetermined angle (a) therewith, comprising: - a plurality of elongated profiles (3) arranged in parallel at and at a predetermined distance (d2) from each other on the surface (13); - a plurality of wind plates (4) mounted against the elongated profiles (3), each wind plate being provided for supporting a first side (63) of the panel (6), to prevent bending thereof; - a plurality of panels (6) mounted against the wind plates (4) on the first side (63), and against the elongated profiles (3) on a second side (64) of the panels (6), opposite the first side ( 63); - a plurality of brackets (5), wherein each bracket (5a, 5b) is provided to be coupled to one elongated profile (3a, 3b) via first screwless cooperating connecting means (31, 51), and comprises a U-shape for holding an edge (61, 62) of at least one panel (6); - wherein each wind plate (4) is oriented in a plane transverse to the elongated profiles (3); characterized in that each wind plate (4) is coupled to two parallel elongated profiles (3a, 3b) via second screwless cooperating connecting means (32, 41); and in that the panel mounting system (1) further comprises a plurality of mounting profiles (7) mounted against the wind plates (4) for anchoring the panels (6) to the wind plates (4), and thereby the parts (4, 5, 6) of the panel mounting system.
[2]
The panel mounting system (1) according to claim 1, wherein the first screwless cooperating connecting means (31, 51) comprise a protrusion (51) of the bracket (5) provided to fit into a first opening (31) of the elongated profile ( 3).
[3]
The panel mounting system (1) according to claim 2, wherein the protrusion (51) of the bracket (5) has a specific shape so that the bracket (5) must be tilted or rotated when the protrusion (51) is inserted into the first opening (31) of the elongated profile (3), and is prevented from tilting or turning after it has been coupled to the panel (6).
[4]
The panel mounting system (1) according to claim 3, wherein the protrusion (51) of the bracket (5) has a curved or curved shape.
[5]
The panel mounting system (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the second screwless cooperating connecting means (32, 41) comprise a protrusion (41) of the wind plate (4) provided to fit into a second opening (32) of the elongate profile (3).
[6]
The panel mounting system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each elongated profile (3) comprises a rubber mat (34) for easy placement of the elongated profiles on the surface (13), and for preventing it from sliding over the surface (13) under windy conditions,
[7]
The panel mounting system (1) according to any of claims 1-5, further comprising a plurality of mounting feet (2) provided to be placed on the surface (13), each mounting foot (2) being provided to support an elongated profile (3) such that water present on the surface (13) can flow under the elongated profiles (3).
[8]
The panel mounting system (1) according to claim 7, wherein each mounting foot (2) comprises a rubber mat (24) to prevent its sliding over the surface (13), in windy conditions.
[9]
The panel mounting system (1) according to claim 7 or 8, wherein each mounting foot (2) has a shape for holding ballast (14) placed on the elongated profiles (3) to prevent wind (17) from the panel mounting system (1) and wherein the mounting foot (2) has a protrusion (23) provided for coupling into an elongated slot (35) of the elongated profile (3) to allow the elongated profile to expand or contract in the longitudinal direction (X) under varying temperature conditions.
[10]
The panel mounting system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the mounting profiles (7) have an angular or curved surface which has an angle λ of 158 ° - 168 ° with respect to the wind plates (4) when they are mounted against it, for the purpose of increasing turbulence when the wind (17) blows in the direction of the wind plates (4) and over the panels (6), to reduce a lifting force acting on the panels (6) caused by the wind (17).
[11]
The panel mounting system (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein - the panels (6) are organized in one or more panel rows (11), wherein each panel row comprises at least one panel (6) and furthermore two side panels (8a, 8b ) has a substantially triangular shape, wherein each side panel (8a, 8b) is located on one end of the panel row (11) and is mounted on a corresponding elongated profile (3a, 3b) using third screwless cooperating connecting means ( 33.81), and on a wind plate (4); - each wind plate (4) has at least one elongated flap and opening (42), oriented substantially parallel to the surface (13), to create an underpressure under the panel (6) due to the venturi effect, when the wind (17) blows over the panel (6), over the fixing profile (7), and over the flap and opening (42).
[12]
The panel mounting system (1) according to claim 11, wherein the third screwless cooperating connecting means (33, 81) comprises a protrusion (81) of the side panel (8a) provided to fit into a third opening (33) of the elongated profile (3).
[13]
The panel mounting system (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the panels (6) are solar panels or thermal panels.
[14]
The panel mounting system (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the panels (6) are rectangular panels with two long sides (63, 64) and two short sides (65), and those with their long sides (63, 64) oriented substantially parallel to the substantially flat surface (13).
[15]
The panel mounting system (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the substantially flat surface (13) is a flat roof of a building.

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同族专利:

公开号 | 公开日

EP2362161B1|2012-11-07|

EP2362161A1|2011-08-31|

DK2362161T3|2013-02-25|

WO2011101470A2|2011-08-25|

WO2011101470A3|2011-12-01|

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法律状态:
2018-11-29| MM| Lapsed because of non-payment of the annual fee|Effective date: 20180228 |

优先权:

申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

BE201000110|2010-02-22|

EP10169137A|EP2362161B1|2010-02-22|2010-07-09|Panel mounting system|

EP10169137|2010-07-09|

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