• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
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  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Abstract The invention relates to a pyrotechnic active composition comprising a combustion fuel, an oxidant for the combustion fuel, a combustion accelerant and optionally a binder, wherein the combustion accelerant is present in the form of particles which are distributed in the active composition, wherein the combustion accelerant is a solid which is expandable at least by a factor of 2 by input of heat.
    公开号:AU2013206582A1
    申请号:U2013206582
    申请日:2013-06-28
    公开日:2014-02-27
    发明作者:Arno Hahma
    申请人:Diehl BGT Defence GmbH and Co KG；
    IPC主号:C06B45-00
    专利说明:
    Pyrotechnic active composition with a combustion accelerant The invention relates to a pyrotechnic active 5 composition comprising a combustion fuel, an oxidant for the combustion fuel, a combustion accelerant and optionally a binder. Ferrocene is known in the prior art as a catalyst in rocket propellants. However, ferrocene only accelerates combustion of the rocket 10 propellant by at most approx. 20%. Kinematic pyrotechnic decoys are conventionally constructed such that combustion proceeds in the interior of the active composition. A combustion 15 channel is conventionally arranged for this purpose in the middle of the active composition. The combustion channel reduces the quantity of active composition which can be provided in a specific volume. A more advantageous structure for a kinematic pyrotechnic 20 decoy is one in which the active composition burns from an end face, because such a structure is simpler and, thanks to the omission of the combustion channel, more active composition can be accommodated per unit volume. Such an "end-burner" functions more reliably and may be 25 ignited more readily and rapidly than an active composition configured as an internal burner. However, an active composition which combusts rapidly enough in such a structure to function as a decoy has not hitherto been available. 30 A decoy is conventionally approx. 150 mm long and is intended to burn for at most 5 seconds. When the decoy is designed as an end-burner, the combustion rate would therefore have to be at least 30 mm/s in order to 35 comply with the desired combustion time. Conventional active compositions for decoys, however, burn at a rate of at most 12 mm/s. "Combustion catalysts" may be used to accelerate combustion. The known combustion catalyst - 2 ferrocene, however, only accelerates combustion by approx. 20%. The object of the present invention is accordingly to provide a pyrotechnic active composition with a combustion accelerant which enables faster 5 combustion of the active composition than does the known ferrocene. Said object is achieved by the features of Claim 1. Convenient developments are revealed by the features of 10 Claims 2 to 13. The present invention provides a pyrotechnic active composition comprising a combustion fuel, an oxidant for the combustion fuel, a combustion accelerant and 15 optionally a binder. A binder may be omitted if another component of the active composition acts as a binder. The combustion accelerant is here present in the form of particles which are distributed in the active composition, wherein the combustion accelerant is a 20 solid which is expandable at least by a factor of 2 by input of heat. Expansion of the solid does not modify the chemical reaction of the active composition on combustion thereof, but instead purely physically modifies the structure of the active composition on 25 combustion thereof. Expansion of the solid with input of heat causes the active composition to crumble at the burning surface, such that the burning area is enlarged. The larger the burning area, the higher is the mass flow rate of burning active composition. Using 30 the combustion accelerant, it is possible to achieve combustion rates which are considerably higher than those of known chemical combustion catalysts. No chemical modifications to the active composition are required in order to introduce the purely physically 35 active combustion accelerant. The combustion accelerant may consequently be combined with all known active compositions. The active composition according to the - 3 invention may be an active composition for a decoy or a propellant. The combustion accelerant may also be used in 5 combination with chemical or any other catalysts. Still higher combustion rates may be achieved in this manner. A further advantage of the active composition according to the invention is that the combustion accelerant contained therein does not react with conventional 10 combustion fuels, oxidants and binders at conventional storage temperatures and thus does not impair the storage life of the active composition. Using the active composition according to the invention, black body decoys can be designed as end-burners. The entire 15 available volume of a decoy may thus be utilized because no recess is required in the active composition for combustion of the active composition as an internal burner and for ignition. An ignition paste, as required in previous decoy active compositions, is not required 20 in the active composition according to the invention. In this way, the safety of a decoy equipped with the active composition according to the invention is increased and production of a decoy containing the active composition is simplified. Moreover, the 25 ignition delay conventional in previous decoy active compositions is considerably shortened, because only a small area need be ignited. Furthermore, expandable solids are generally inexpensive and readily commercially obtainable. 30 In one development of the active composition according to the invention, the particles are uniformly distributed in the active composition. In this way, rapid combustion which is uniform and predictable is 35 achieved.
    - 4 The particles may have an average grain size in the range from 0.01 mm to 6 mm, in particular 0.1 mm to 5 mm. The combustion accelerant may be a solid which is expandable at least by a factor of 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 5 200 or 500 by input of heat. The active composition may contain the combustion accelerant in a proportion of 0.1 to 10 wt.%, in particular of 1 to 5 wt.%. The combustion accelerant may be an intumescent 10 graphite or a sodium silicate. In addition to its expanding action, as yet unexpanded intumescent graphite, in particular if it is coarse-grained intumescent graphite, has a thermally conductive action. It is capable of conducting heat from the flame 15 into the as yet uncombusted active composition and so further accelerating combustion. A further action of the intumescent graphite is that expanded intumescent graphite forms a thermally insulating layer on the surface of the active composition. This layer retains 20 the heat at the surface and simultaneously glows in a flame which burns above the surface. Both effects and the thermal conduction of the as yet unexpanded intumescent graphite direct heat from the flame back onto the surface of the active composition. In this 25 way, combustion of the active composition is further accelerated. The active composition may also contain a porous and/or thermally conductive additive. Thermally conductive 30 additives accelerate combustion by conducting heat from the flame into the active composition. The additive may comprise carbon fibres, in particular bundled carbon fibres, charcoal and/or activated carbon. Carbon fibres in each case conduct heat into the active composition 35 with the first end thereof, while the second end thereof is located in the flame. At the same time, a pore is in each case formed in the active composition - 5 in the region of the first ends of the carbon fibres, since the active composition surrounding the respective carbon fibres is gasified by the introduced heat. The pores formed in the active composition enlarge the 5 surface area thereof and consequently accelerate the combustion thereof. In the case of bundled carbon fibres, pore-like cavities are present as a result of the bundling, since the fibres in each case have a round cross-section and are so incapable of lying 10 completely flush against one another. The porosity of the additive further accelerates combustion. Combustion of the active composition according to the invention may be accelerated by the following 4 15 effects: 1. mechanical comminution of the burning surface, 2. thermal insulation of the surface and thus higher 20 surface temperature on the combusting active composition, 3. greater reflection onto the surface of the active composition from glowing combustion accelerant and 25 4. thermal conduction from the flame into the active composition. The combustion fuel may be a metal, a semimetal or a 30 mixture or alloy of metals and/or semimetals or a mixture or alloy of at least one metal and at least one semimetal. The combustion fuel may comprise aluminium, magnesium, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, calcium, lithium, niobium, tungsten, manganese, iron, nickel, 35 cobalt, zinc, tin, lead, bismuth, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, boron, silicon, an alloy or mixture of at least two of these metals or semimetals, a zirconium- - 6 nickel alloy or mixture, an aluminium-magnesium alloy or mixture, a lithium-aluminium alloy or mixture, a calcium-aluminium alloy or mixture, an iron-titanium alloy or mixture, a zirconium-titanium alloy or 5 mixture, or a lithium-silicon alloy or mixture. Titanium, zirconium, hafnium, niobium, tantalum, molybdenum and vanadium can form carbides with the carbon particles or soot particles arising therefrom. 10 The carbon here acts as oxidant or further oxidant for the stated metals. The resultant carbides assume solid form at the temperatures arising on combustion of the active composition and emit radiation as carbide particles. 15 The binder may comprise a fluoroelastomer, in particular a fluororubber, such as for example Viton@ from "DuPont Performance Elastomers". The oxidant may be a halogen-containing polymer, in particular 20 polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or polychloroprene. The active composition may furthermore contain a combustion catalyst, in particular ferrocene, iron acetylacetonate or copper phthalocyanine, for accelerating combustion. 25 The invention is illustrated in greater detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments. The compositions of Examples 1 to 10 stated below were produced as follows: 30 The dry components and 5 conductive rubber cubes were mixed for one hour at 120 revolutions/minute by means of a mixer in a 250 ml mixing container. The resultant mixture was transferred into a stainless steel bowl, 35 the rubber cubes removed and 3M Fluorel FC-2175 fluororubber as a 10% solution in acetone was added as binder. The composition was stirred to form a homogeneous dough and mixed until the acetone had evaporated to such an extent that the composition became granular. The resultant granules were dried at 500C. 5 10 g portions of the granules were pressed to form tablets. The pressing tool had an internal diameter of 16.8 mm. The pressing pressure was 1500 bar. The densities of the tablets were between 85 and 95% of the 10 theoretical maximum density (TMD). All the tablets were coated on their cylindrical faces with polychloroprene (Macroplast) and adhesively bonded with polychloroprene to 80x80x5 mm steel plates in order to limit combustion thereof to one free end face. The tablets were left to 15 dry overnight at room temperature. Examples 11 and 12 relate to cast active compositions and were produced as follows: 20 All components, amounting in total to 50 g, were processed in a stainless steel bowl with addition of 10 g of dichloromethane to form a uniform dough and then scattered on a PTFE film and dried for one hour at 50 0 C in order to remove the dichloromethane. The resultant 25 granules were manually compressed in the pressing tool with an internal diameter of 16.8 mm and ejected. A cylindrical body approx. 35 mm in length was produced in this way. Said body was cured for 48 hours at 600C and then coated on its cylindrical face with 30 polychloroprene in order to inhibit ignition on this face. The body was then adhesively bonded to a 80x80x5 mm steel plate so that the cylinder cannot move while the combustion time is being measured. The steel plates with the tablets and the cylindrical bodies were 35 in each case fastened to a stand and ignited on the respective end faces. Combustion was recorded with a video camera. Combustion times were determined from the - 8 video recordings. Combustion rates were then calculated from the length of the tablet or cylinder and the combustion time. 5 Example 1: Standard prior art MTV (magnesium-Teflon@-Viton) active composition: Substance Grade wt.% Misc. Magnesium LNR61 60.0 Teflon powder Dyneon TF 9205 35.0 Viton 3M Fluorel FC-2175 5.0 TMD = 1881 10 Combustion rate 3.0 mm/s at normal pressure. Example 2: 15 Standard MTV active composition with graphite powder: Substance Grade wt.% Misc. Magnesium Ecka Non-ferrum LNR 60.0 61 Teflon powder Dyneon TF 9205 30.0 Viton 3M Fluorel FC-2175 5.0 TMD = 1852 Graphite powder Merck 1.04206.2500 5.0 Combustion rate 3.0 mm/s at normal pressure. The graphite has no influence on the combustion rate. 20 -9 Example 3: Standard MTV active composition with copper phthalocyanine as combustion catalyst: 5 Substance Grade wt.% -Misc. Magnesium Ecka Non-ferrum LNR 60.0 61 Teflon powder Dyneon TF 9205 34.0 Viton 3M Fluorel FC-2175 5.0 TMD = 1861 Copper BASF Vossenblau 1.0 phthalocyanine Combustion rate 3.2 mm/s at normal pressure. Example 4: 10 Standard MTV active composition with ferrocene as combustion catalyst: Substance Grade wt.% Misc. Magnesium Ecka Non-ferrum LNR 60.0 61 Teflon powder Dyneon TF 9205 34.0 Viton 3M Fluorel FC-2175 5.0 TMD 1859 Ferrocene Arapahoe Chemicals 1.0 15 Combustion rate 3.5 mm/s at normal pressure.
    - 10 Example 5: MTV active composition according to the invention with intumescent graphite as combustion accelerant: 5 Substance Grade wt.% Misc. Magnesium Ecka Non-ferrum LNR 60.0 61 Teflon powder Dyneon TF 9205 30.0 Viton 3M Fluorel FC-2175 5.0 TMD = 1852 Intumescent NGS ExEF-80 5.0 graphite Combustion rate 8.0 mm/s at normal pressure. Example 6: 10 MTV active composition according to the invention with intumescent graphite as combustion accelerant and ferrocene as combustion catalyst: Substance Grade wt.% Misc. Magnesium Ecka Non-ferrum LNR 60.0 61 Teflon powder Dyneon TF 9205 30.0 Viton 3M Fluorel FC-2175 5.0 TMD = 1850 Intumescent NGS ExEF-80 4.0 graphite Ferrocene Arapahoe Chemicals 1.0 15 Combustion rate 10.0 mm/s at normal pressure.
    - 11 Example 7: Quick-burning standard black body set with ferrocene as combustion catalyst: 5 Substance Grade wt.% Misc. Magnesium SFM MGP-325 55.0 Teflon Fluon G163 18.0 TMD = 1844 Boron 1 pm 8.0 Titanium Chemetall grade E pm 6.0 Ferrocene Arapahoe Chemicals 1.0 Viton 3M Fluorel FC-2175 12.0 Combustion rate 11.0 mm/s at normal pressure. Example 8: 10 Quick-burning black body set according to the invention with intumescent graphite as combustion accelerant and ferrocene as combustion catalyst: Substance Grade wt.% Misc. Magnesium SFM MGP-325 50.0 Intumescent NGS ExEF-150 5.0 graphite Teflon Fluon G163 18.0 TMD = 1867 Boron 1 pm 8.0 Titanium Chemetall grade E 6.0 Ferrocene Arapahoe Chemicals 1.0 Viton 3M Fluorel FC-2175 12.0 15 Combustion rate 24 mm/s at normal pressure.
    - 12 Example 9: Quick-burning black body set with ferrocene as combustion catalyst and carbon fibres as thermally 5 conductive additive: Substance Grade wt.% Misc. Magnesium SFM MGP-325 53.0 Graphite Edelgraphit GmbH 22.0 TMD = 1963 fluoride white CFi.1 Boron 1 pm 4.0 Titanium Svenska kemi 7.0 0-100 pm Chopped carbon Furthfil 150 3 mm 8.0 fibre Ferrocene Arapahoe Chemicals 1.0 IViton 3M Fluorel FC-2175 5.0 Combustion rate 16.0 mm/s at normal pressure.
    - 13 Example 10: Quick-burning black body set according to the invention with intumescent graphite as combustion accelerant, 5 carbon fibres as thermally conductive additive and ferrocene as combustion catalyst: Substance Grade wt.% Misc. Magnesium SFM MGP-325 48.0 Intumescent NGS ExEF-80 5.0 graphite Graphite Edelgraphit GmbH 22.0 TMD = 1970 fluoride white CF 1 .1 Boron 1 pm 4.0 Titanium Svenska kemi 7.0 0-100 pm Chopped carbon Furthfil 150 3 mm 8.0 fibre Ferrocene Arapahoe Chemicals 1.0 Viton 3M Fluorel FC-2175 5.0 Combustion rate 100 mm/s at normal pressure. 10 Example 11: Conventional rocket propellant with iron acetylacetonate as combustion catalyst: 15 Substance Grade wt.% Misc. Ammonium 100 pm 85.50 perchlorate HTPB R45HT-M M = 2800 13.47 IPDI 1.01 TMD = 1678 Iron 0.02 acetylacetonate HTPB = hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene - 14 IPDI = isophorone diisocyanate Combustion rate 1.6 mm/s at normal pressure. 5 Example 12: Rocket propellant according to the invention with iron acetylacetonate as combustion catalyst and intumescent graphite as combustion accelerant: 10 Substance Grade wt.% Misc. Ammonium 100 pm 84.50 perchlorate HTPB R45HT-M M = 2800 11.63 IPDI 0.87 TMD = 1711 Intumescent NGS Ex 150 SC 3.0 graphite Iron 0.02 acetylacetonate Combustion rate 4.5 mm/s at normal pressure.
    权利要求:
    Claims (13)
    [1] 1. Pyrotechnic active composition comprising a combustion fuel, an oxidant for the combustion 5 fuel, a combustion accelerant and optionally a binder, wherein the combustion accelerant is present in the form of particles which are distributed in the active composition, wherein the combustion accelerant is a solid which is 10 expandable at least by a factor of 2 by input of heat.
    [2] 2. Active composition according to Claim 1, wherein the particles are uniformly distributed in 15 the active composition.
    [3] 3. Active composition according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the particles have an average grain size 20 in the range from 0.01 mm to 6 mm, in particular from 0.1 mm to 5 mm.
    [4] 4. Active composition according to one of the preceding claims, 25 wherein the combustion accelerant is a solid expandable at least by a factor of 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 or 500 by input of heat.
    [5] 5. Active composition according to one of the 30 preceding claims, wherein the combustion accelerant is present in the active composition in a proportion of 0.1 to 10 wt.%, in particular of 1 to 5 wt.%. 35
    [6] 6. Active composition according to one of the preceding claims, - 16 wherein the combustion accelerant is an intumescent graphite or a sodium silicate.
    [7] 7. Active composition according to one of the 5 preceding claims, wherein the active composition contains a porous and/or thermally conductive additive.
    [8] 8. Active composition according to Claim 7, 10 wherein the additive comprises carbon fibres, in particular bundled carbon fibres, charcoal and/or activated carbon.
    [9] 9. Active composition according to one of the 15 preceding claims, wherein the combustion fuel comprises a metal, a semimetal, or a mixture or alloy of metals and/or semimetals or a mixture or alloy of at least one metal and at least one semimetal. 20
    [10] 10. Active composition according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the combustion fuel comprises aluminium, magnesium, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, calcium, 25 lithium, niobium, tungsten, manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt, zinc, tin, lead, bismuth, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, boron, silicon, an alloy or mixture of at least two of these metals or semimetals, a zirconium-nickel alloy or 30 mixture, an aluminium-magnesium alloy or mixture, a lithium-aluminium alloy or mixture, a calcium aluminium alloy or mixture, an iron-titanium alloy or mixture, a zirconium-titanium alloy or mixture, or a lithium-silicon alloy or mixture. 35
    [11] 11. Active composition according to one of the preceding claims, - 17 wherein the binder is a fluoroelastomer, in particular a fluororubber.
    [12] 12. Active composition according to one of the 5 preceding claims, wherein the oxidant is a halogen-containing polymer, in particular polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or polychloroprene. 10
    [13] 13. Active composition according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a combustion catalyst, in particular ferrocene, iron acetylacetonate or copper phthalocyanine, is furthermore present therein.
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    同族专利:
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    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    GB9120803D0|1991-10-01|1995-03-08|Secr Defence|Pyrotechnic decoy flare|
    DE4337071C1|1993-10-29|1995-03-02|Nico Pyrotechnik|Pyrotechnic smoke charge for camouflage purposes and its use in a smoke body|
    US6635130B2|1999-10-09|2003-10-21|Diehl Munitionssysteme Gmbh & Co. Kg|Pyrotechnic composition for producing IR-radiation|
    DE102010053813A1|2010-12-08|2012-06-14|Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg|High-performance active mass for pyrotechnic infrared light targets|
    DE102010053812A1|2010-12-08|2012-06-14|Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg|Pyrotechnic mock target active mass useful for infrared mock target, comprises a first particle comprising a first fuel, a second particle comprising the first or a second fuel, an oxidant for the first fuel and a binder|
    DE102010053783A1|2010-12-08|2012-06-14|Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg|High-performance active mass, useful for pyrotechnic infrared decoys, comprises a first fuel, a second fuel, an oxidizing agent and a binder, where oxidizing agent is capable of oxidizing first fuel after ignition in an exothermic reaction|DE102019111722B3|2019-05-06|2020-09-17|Ernst-Christian Koch|Pyrotechnic active mass for infrared targets|
    法律状态:
    2017-04-13| HB| Alteration of name in register|Owner name: DIEHL DEFENCE GMBH & CO. KG Free format text: FORMER NAME(S): DIEHL BGT DEFENCE GMBH & CO. KG |
    2018-07-05| FGA| Letters patent sealed or granted (standard patent)|
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102012015757.6A|DE102012015757B4|2012-08-09|2012-08-09|Method for burnup acceleration of a pyrotechnic active mass|
    DE102012015757.6||2012-08-09||
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