• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
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    • 专利摘要:
    A magnetohydrodynamic simulator that includes a plasma container. The magnetohydrodynamic simulator also includes an first ionizable gas substantially contained within the plasma container. In addition, the magnetohydrodynamic simulator also includes a first loop positioned adjacent to the plasma container, wherein the first loop includes a gap, a first electrical connection on a first side of the gap, a second electrical connection of a second side of the gap, and a first material having at least one of low magnetic susceptibility and high conductivity. The first loop can be made up from an assembly of one or a plethora or wire loop coils. In such cases, electrical connection is made through the ends of the coil wires. The magnetohydrodynamic simulator further includes an electrically conductive first coil wound about the plasma container and through the first loop.
    公开号:AU2013205858A1
    申请号:U2013205858
    申请日:2013-05-15
    公开日:2013-05-30
    发明作者:Nassim Haramein
    申请人:Torus Tech LLC；
    IPC主号:G06G7-48
    专利说明:
    WO 2009/054976 PCT/US2008/012025 DEVICE AN) METHOD FOR SIMULATION OF MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS FIELD OF THE INVENTION [00011 The present invention relates generally to devices and methods useful in replicating the magnetohydrodynamics occurring in a variety of astrophysical objects. More particularly, the present invention relates to devices and methods useful in performing such replication in a low-energy, controlled laboratory environment. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0002] Approximately ninety-six percent of the observable universe is made up of matter that is in a plasma state. As such, in an effort to better understand the universe, the scientific community has dedicated a significant amount of time, energy, and resources to the generation and study of plasmas. The results of some of these efforts are discussed below. [00031 Scientific studies have indicated that plasmas of widely different geometric scales experience similar phenomena. For example, similar types of plasma phenomena are observed in galactic clusters, galactic formations, galactic halos, black hole ergospheres, other stellar objects, and planetary atmospheres. In order to take advantage of this apparent geometric-scale-independence of plasmas, scientific devices have been manufactured that attempt to replicate the motion ofthe ions in large-scale plasmas (e.g., plasmas of galactic formations) on geometric scales that are containable in an earthly laboratory setting.. [0004 To date, these devices have utilized liquids (i.e., liquid sodium) or charged liquids (i.e., charged liquid sodium) to model large astrophysical 1 WO 2009/054976 PCT/US2008/012025 plasmas. These devices have also relied upon the use of strong magnetic fields to guide ions in the liquids or charged liquids along paths that ions in a plasma would follow. [00051 The above notwithstanding, by definition, actual plasmas are gaseous. In other words, actual plasmas do not contain matter in a liquid or charged liquid state and using ions in liquids or charged liquids to replicate the behavior of ions in a plasma may have shortcomings. Accordingly, it would be desirable to provide novel devices capable of simulating the magnetohydrodynamics of large-scale plasmas in a non-liquid medium. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [00061 The foregoing needs are met, to a great extent, by certain embodiments of the present invention. For example, according to one embodiment of the present invention, a magnetohydrodynamic simulator is provided. The magnetohydrodynamic simulator includes a plasma container. The magnetohydrodynamic simulator also includes an first ionizable gas substantially contained within the plasma container. In addition, the magnetohydrodynamic simulator also includes a first loop positioned adjacent to the plasma container, wherein the first loop includes a gap, a first electrical connection on a first side of the gap, a second electrical connection of a second side of the gap, and a first material having at least one of low magnetic susceptibility and high conductivity. The magnetohydrodynamic simulator further includes an electrically conductive first coil wound about the plasma container and through the first loop. [0001 There has thus been outlined, rather broadly, an embodiment of the invention in order that the detailed description thereof herein may be better 2 WO 2009/054976 PCT/US2008/012025 understood, and in order that the present contribution to the art may be better appreciated. There are, of course, additional embodiments of the invention that will be described below and which will form the subject matter of the claims appended hereto. [00081 In this respect, before explaining at least one embodiment of the invention in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and to the arrangements of the components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. The invention is capable of embodiments in addition to those described and of being practiced and carried out in various ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology employed herein, as well as the abstract, are for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting. 100091 As such, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the conception upon which this disclosure is based may readily be utilized as a basis for the designing of other structures, methods and systems for carrying out the several purposes of the present invention. It is important, therefore, that the claims be regarded as including such equivalent constructions insofar as they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [00101 FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of aplurality of ribs included in a magnetohydrodynamic (MILD) simulator according to an embodiment of the present invention. [00111 FIG. 2 illustrates a cross-sectional view of ribs and other components included in an MHD simulator according to another embodiment of the present invention. 3 WO 2009/054976 PCT/US2008/012025 [00121 FIG. 3 illustrates a side view of the ribs illustrated in FIG. 1, along with other components included in the MHD simulator that includes these ribs. [0013] FIG. 4 illustrates a side view of a rib according to certain embodiments of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION [0014] The invention will now be described with reference to the drawing figures, in which like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout. FIG. I illustrates a perspective view of a plurality of ribs 10 included in a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulator 12 according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 illustrates a cross-sectional view of ribs 10 and other components included in an MILD simulator 12 according to another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 illustrates a side view of the ribs 10 illustrated in FIG. 1, along with other components included in the MHD simulator 12 that includes the ribs 10. [00151 As illustrated in FIGS. 1-3, the MHD simulator 12 includes a plasma container 14 positioned substantially at the center thereof. The plasma container 14 maybe of any geometry. However, a substantially spherical plasma container 14 is illustrated in FIGS. 1-3. Also, although the plasma container 14 may be supported within the MHD simulator 12 in any manner that will become apparent to one of skill in the art upon practicing one or more embodiments ofthe present invention, the plasma container 14 illustrated in FIGS. 1-3 is connected to some of the ribs 10 via a plurality of supports 16. [00161 The plasma container 14 illustrated in FIGS. 1-3 has a hollow interior and a solid exterior made of drawn crystal. However, other materials may also be used to form the exterior according to certain embodiments of the present invention. 4 WO 2009/054976 PCT/US2008/012025 [0017] Contained within the plasma container 14 are one or more ionizable gases. For example, argon, nitrogen, helium, xenon, neon, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and/or krypton may be contained within the plasma container 14, as may a variety of other gases. Typically, before one or more gases are added to the plasma container 14, the interior of the plasma container 14 is evacuated to a vacuum. {0018] As illustrated in FIG. 2, the MED device 12 includes an ionization source 18 that is focused on the plasma container 14. More specifically, the ionization source 18 is focused on a substantially central portion of the plasma container 14. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the ionization source 18 is situated such that an energy beam emitted therefrom (e.g., a laser beam illustrated as the dashed line in FIG. 2) strikes the plasma container 14 without contacting any of the ribs 10 included in the MHD simulator 12. (0019] Although the ionization source 18 illustrated in FIG. 2 is a laser, other sources of ionization energy may be used to ionize the one or more gases in the plasma container 14. For example, a radio frequency (RF) ionization source may be used. Also, according to certain embodiments of the present invention, one or more lasers may be used, as may one or more mirrors to direct the laser beam(s) to the plasma container 14, typically through one of the poles (N, S) of the MHD simulator 12 illustrated in FIG. 1. Lasers that may be used include phase conjugate laser, continuous lasers, and pulsed lasers. [0020] FIG. 4 illustrates a side view of a rib 10 according to certain embodiments of the present invention. As illustrated in FIG. 4 the rib 10 is a loop that, as illustrated in FIG. 2, is positioned adjacent to the plasma container 14. However, rather than being closed, the loop includes a gap 20. On either side
    S
    WO 2009/054976 PCT/US2008/012025 of the gap 20 are electrical connections 22 (i.e., electrical contact points) to which electrical wires (not illustrated) may be connected. [00211 According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the ribs 10 are constructed to include loops of conductive material wrapped around a solid rib 10. In addition, according to certain embodiments of the present invention, the ribs 10 are formed from loops of conductive material to form coil structures with a plurality of layers. Some of these layers, according to certain embodiments of the present invention, are used to monitor the coil's field interactions by inductive processes. [00221 Also, according to certain embodiments of the present invention, another independent winding is added to the coil inside the ribs 10. According to such embodiments, the coil is typically toroidal and the independent winding is used for monitor purposes through induction processes. For example, using such induction processes, pulse rate, amperage, voltage levels, etc. may be monitored. [00231 Typically, the above-discussed ribs 10 are made from materials having low magnetic susceptibility and/or high conductivity. For example, according to certain embodiments of the present invention, the ribs 10 include aluminum. Also, the cross-section ofthe rib 10 illustrated in FIG. 4, according to certain embodiments of the present invention, is substantially square. However, other geometries are also within the scope of the present invention. [00241 As illustrated in FIG. 4, the rib 10 includes a proximate arcuate portion 24 and a distal arcuate portion 26 (relative to the plasma container 14 when the MHD simulator 12 is in operation). The rib 10 illustrated in FIG. 4 also includes a pair of substantially linear portions 28, 30, each connected to both the proximate arcuate portion 24 and the distal arcuate portions 26. 6 WO 2009/054976 PCT/US2008/012025 100251 As illustrated in FIG: 4, the proximate arcuate portion 24 and the distal arcuate portion 26 lie substantially along portions of the circumferences of two substantially concentric circles of different sizes (not illustrated). According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the proximate arcuate portion 24 and the distal arcuate portion 26 each extend across approximately 70.52 angular degrees. However, according to other embodiments of the present invention, the arcuate portions 24, 26 may extend across additional or fewer angular degrees. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 2, the ribs 10 illustrated at the top and bottom of the MHD simulator 12 extend across approximately 51.26 angular degrees while the ribs 10 illustrated in the middle of the MHD simulator 12 extend across approximately 19.47 angular degrees. 100261 As illustrated in FIG. 1, there are twelve duos 32 ofribs 10 that are substantially atop each other. Each rib 10 included in each duo 32 is substantially coplanar with the other rib 10 in the duo 32. As also illustrated in FIG. 1, if a plasma container 14 were included in the portion of the MHD simulator 12 illustrated therein, each duo 32 of ribs 10 would be positioned adjacent to the plasma container 14. Also, the twelve duos 32 would be positioned at substantially equal intervals about the plasma container 14. It should be noted that, according to alternate embodiments of the present invention, more or less than twelve duos 32 are included. These duos 32 are typically also placed at substantially equal intervals about the plasma container 14. 100271 FIG. 2 illustrates two quartets 34 of ribs 10. Like the ribs 10 in the duos 32 discussed above, each rib 10 in each quartet 34 is substantially coplanar with the other ribs 10 in the quartet 34. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, twelve quartets 34 are positioned about a plasma container 14 at substantially equal intervals. However, the inclusion of additional or fewer 7 WO 2009/054976 PCT/US2008/012025 than twelve quartets 34 is also within the scope of certain embodiments of the present invention. - [0028] In addition to the components discussed above, the MHD simulator 12 illustrated in FIG. 2 includes a top interior coil 36, an upper middle interior coil 38, a lower middle interior coil 40, and a bottom interior coil 42. Each of these coils 36, 38, 40, 42 is wound about the plasma container 14 and traverses through at least one of the ribs 10. [0029] Also illustrated in FIG. 2 is an exterior coil 44 that is wound about the plasma container 14 and that does not traverse through any of the ribs 10, Rather the exterior coil 44 also winds about the ribs 10. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, instead of a single exterior coil 44 being utilized, each of the inner coils 36, 38, 40, 42 has an associated exterior coil (not illustrated) that is wound about the set of ribs through which the inner coil in question 36, 38, 40, 42 traverses. (0030] Each of these coils 36, 38, 40, 42, 44 typically includes one or more conductive materials. For example, copper is used according to certain embodiments of the present invention. [0031] As discussed above, each rib 10 includes a pair of electrical connections 22. These electrical connections 22 maybe connected to one or more wires and/or electrical devices. Also, it should be noted that each of the above discussed coils 36, 38, 40, 42, 44 may be connected to one or more wires, electrical circuits, and/or electronic devices. [00321 Certain circuits and/or devices according to embodiments of the present invention are used to switch various current and/or voltage levels to individual orpluralities of ribs 10, inner coils 36, 38,40,42, and/or outer coils 44 discussed above. This switching, according to certain embodiments ofthe present 8 WO 2009/054976 PCT/US2008/012025 invention, produces one or more electromagnetic fields, some of which may be orthogonal to other fields and/or which may be rotating. [0033] In effect, in the embodiments of the present invention discussed above, each rib 10 may effectively become a one-loop or a multiple-loop electromagnet that is pulsed in sequence to produce a rotating magnetic field that would be vertically oriented in the embodiment of the present invention illustrated in FIG. 1. Also, the inner and/or outer coils 36, 38, 40, 42,44, either individually, in pairs, etc., may be used to create one or more substantially horizontal magnetic fields in FIG. 1. [00341 In order to generate the above-mentioned fields, the ribs 10 and coils 36,38,40,42,44, may be operably connected to, for example, off-the-shelf current-limited power supplies. Depending on the embodiment of the present invention, single or multiple ribs 10 may be powered with either a single or multiple power supplies. [0035] Computers and electronic switches are also used according to certain embodiments of the present invention to control various combinations of power supply, coil, and/or rib 10 connections. For example, a rapid MOSFET switching circuit may be used to control the flow of current to one or more of the above-discussed coils 36, 38, 40, 42, 44. Also, a digital interface to a control computer may be provided to give a scientist a graphical interface to simplify operation of the MHD simulator 12. [0036] In addition to the above-listed components, sensors and/or other devices may be included in the MIID simulator 12 in order to quantify what is happening in the plasma container 14 and to monitor and control the MHD simulator 12 itself. For example, Langmuir probes may be included to measure electron temperature, electron density, and/or plasma potential. Also, 9 WO 2009/054976 PCT/US2008/012025 electrometers may be included to measure electrostatic fields, current and/or voltage may be monitored and/or recorded through outputs on the power supplies, and Hall Effect sensors and/or the above-mentioned monitoring coils maybe used to measure magnetic fields. In addition, temperatures within the MHlD simulator 12 may be measured using thermocouple probes and/or "Heat Spy" devices. Also, UV, IR, and visible light bands may be recorded using appropriate CCD cameras and/or photomultiplier tubes. Such UV, visible, and/or IR imaging sensors may be configured with telescopes, endoscopes and/or fiber-optic bundle systems to relay the images to cameras or other detectors. In addition, two or more rod lens endoscopes may be arranged so that images can be taken as stereo pairs, thus allowing for detailed photogrammetry of plasma shapes and the like within the plasma container 14. Typically, the telescope would be arranged so that its optical path is at right angles to the laser optical path. When observations are needed, a scientist may move a right prism on a swing arm into the laser optical path. [00371 Other sensors may also be included to conduct certain experiments. These sensors may be sensors capable of sensing X-ray flux, gamma ray flux, neutron flux, proton flux, alpha particle flux (e.g., using Geiger counters), a scintillation counter, and/or various other particle counters. [0038] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, providing current to the ribs 10 and/or the inner and outer coils 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, in a properly timed sequence and in specific directions generates rotating double toroidal flow patterns in the highly ionized plasma contained in the plasma container 14. (00391 More specifically, in operation, one or more ionizable gases are placed in the plasma container 14. The plasma container 14 is then placed in the 10 WO 2009/054976 PCT/US2008/012025 center cavity of the substantially spherical structure formed by the ribs 10 and inner and outer coils 36, 38, 40, 42,44, discussed above. The ionization source 18 is then energized and used to ionize the gases in the plasma container 14. Pulsing of the inner and outer coils is then initiated at the same time as the rib pulsing. 10040] One representative reason for generating the above-mentioned rotating double-toroidal flow patterns in the highly ionized plasma contained in the plasma container 14 is the result of evidence that this pattern is found in the universe at multiple scales. For example, there is evidence that the circulation of matter around galaxies, including black holes' ergospheres, is closely modeled to such a double torus pattern, which is predicted by the Haramein-Rauscher solution to Einstein's field equation. Furthermore, examples of that pattern are found in quasars, pulsars and the Coriolis forces of the plasma dynamics surrounding our sun and planets such as Saturn and Jupiter, Devices according to certain embodiments of the present invention, allow for such patterns to be generated in a low-energy lab environment. [00411 The many features and advantages of the invention are apparent from the detailed specification, and thus, it is intended by the appended claims to cover all such features and advantages of the invention which fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention. Further, since numerous modifications and variations will readily occur to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limit the invention to the exact construction and operation illustrated and described, and accordingly, all suitable modifications and equivalents may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the invention. 11
    权利要求:
    Claims (16)
    [1] 1. A plasma flow simulator, the simulator comprising: a plasma vessel containing a plasma; and conducting loops disposed around the vessel and configured to magnetically generate a first and a second plasma flow in the vessel where the flows form an at least double torus pattern.
    [2] 2. The plasma flow simulator of claim 1, wherein the plasma vessel comprises a sphere.
    [3] 3. The plasma flow simulator of claim 1, wherein the plasma vessel comprises a drawn crystal sphere.
    [4] 4. The plasma flow simulator of claim 1, further comprising a gas ionization source.
    [5] 5. The plasma flow simulator of claim 1, further comprising at least one sensor.
    [6] 6. The plasma flow simulator of claim 5, wherein the sensor comprises a probe configured to measure at least one of an electron temperature, an electron density, and a plasma potential.
    [7] 7. The plasma flow simulator of claim 1, wherein the conducting loops include circumferential coils disposed about the vessel.
    [8] 8. The plasma flow simulator of claim 7, wherein the conducting loops comprises a rib substantially orthogonal to the circumferential coils.
    [9] 9. The plasma flow simulator of claim 1, further comprising at least one loop control circuit configured to adjust a current in at least one of the conducting loops.
    [10] 10. The plasma flow simulator of claim 9, wherein the current comprises a pulsed current.
    [11] 11. The plasma flow simulator of claim 1, wherein at least one of the conducting loops includes a gap. 12
    [12] 12. The plasma flow simulator of claim 11, further comprising a first electrical connection at a first side of the gap, and a second electrical connection at a second side of the gap, and wherein the first and second electrical connections are configured to connect to an electrical wire.
    [13] 13. The plasma flow simulator of claim 1, further comprising a meter configured to measure at least one of an electrostatic field, a current, and a voltage.
    [14] 14. The plasma flow simulator of claim 1, wherein the conductive loops comprise a plurality of quartets.
    [15] 15. The plasma flow simulator of claim 14, wherein at least three of the plurality of quartets are positioned about the plasma vessel at substantially equal intervals.
    [16] 16. The plasma flow simulator of claim 1, wherein at least one of the conductive loops comprises a monitoring coil layer configured to monitor field interactions of the at least one conductive loop. 13
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    AU2013205858B2|2016-12-15|
    AU2017200227A1|2017-02-02|
    AU2017200227B2|2019-01-24|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US4274919A|1977-11-14|1981-06-23|General Atomic Company|Systems for merging of toroidal plasmas|
    US4314879A|1979-03-22|1982-02-09|The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy|Production of field-reversed mirror plasma with a coaxial plasma gun|
    法律状态:
    2016-01-07| PC1| Assignment before grant (sect. 113)|Owner name: TORUS TECH LLC Free format text: FORMER APPLICANT(S): HARAMEIN, NASSIM |
    2017-04-13| FGA| Letters patent sealed or granted (standard patent)|
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US11/976,364||2007-10-24||
    AU2012202779A|AU2012202779B2|2007-10-24|2012-05-11|Device and method for simulation of magnetohydrodynamics|
    AU2013205858A|AU2013205858B2|2007-10-24|2013-05-15|Device and Method for Simulation of Magnetohydrodynamics|AU2013205858A| AU2013205858B2|2007-10-24|2013-05-15|Device and Method for Simulation of Magnetohydrodynamics|
    AU2017200227A| AU2017200227B2|2007-10-24|2017-01-13|Device and method for simulation of magnetohydrodynamics|
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