• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The development of wind turbines in recent decades has shown that a higher wind yield or energy yield is accompanied by greater hub heights and/or rotor blade diameters. As a consequence, it was necessary for wind turbines to be dimensioned for the higher hub heights or greater rotor blade diameters, which resulted in higher loads and greater expense in relation to materials, such as foundations or support elements. The rule that applied hitherto was "higher yield equals proportionate or disproportionate dimensioning of the turbine in relation to expected (extreme) loads." The invention relates to a rotor blade having a first rotor blade section and a second rotor blade section, wherein the first rotor blade section and the second rotor blade section are designed to be movable relative to one another by means of an actuating device, such that in particular a telescopic rotor blade is formed, and a minimum position, an intermediate position or a maximum position can be formed by the rotor blade, wherein the rotor blade has a resetting device that is configured in such a way that, in the event of a functional limitation of the actuating device, the rotor blades take the minimum position. Henceforth, the rule that applies is thus "breaking the link between the yield and the dimensioning of the turbine in relation to expected (extreme) loads". Specific wind turbines can thus be produced economically for the first time.
    公开号:AU2012361331A1
    申请号:U2012361331
    申请日:2012-12-28
    公开日:2014-07-17
    发明作者:Rolf Rohden
    申请人:Rolf Rohden；
    IPC主号:F03D7-02
    专利说明:
    Telescopic rotor blade and telescopic tower, wind turbine and wind farm [01] A rotor blade with a first rotor blade section 5 and a second rotor blade section, wherein the first rotor blade section and the second rotor blade section are designed to be movable relative to each other by means of a control device, so that more specifically a telescopic rotor blade is formed and the rotor blade 10 sections can adopt a minimum position, an intermediate position or a maximum position when displaced, and a tower, more specifically a wind turbine tower with a first tower section and a second tower section, wherein the first tower section and the second tower section 15 are designed to be movable relative to each other, so that more specifically a telescopic tower is formed and that the tower sections can adopt a minimum position, an intermediate position or a maximum position when displaced, a wind turbine and a wind farm. 20 [02] At present, the prior art for offshore areas are wind turbines with a hub height of 100 m. In order to achieve a higher energy yield, the rotor area and/or the hub height would have to be increased. Modifying the hub height is more specifically advantageous 25 because the wind acting on the rotor blades is distributed in a more homogenous (laminar) manner. [03] The current limit to the hub height of today's wind energy turbines is substantially determined by crane technology and crane length. 30 [04] In addition, rotor blades with a changeable rotor blade length are known from the prior art. These rotor 1 blades are generally referred to as telescopic rotor blades. More specifically, the modifiable length of the rotor blades allows adapting the energy yield in a controllable and/or adjustable manner. 5 [05] The development of wind turbines over the last decades has shown that a higher wind yield or energy yield comes along with higher hub heights and/or rotor blade diameters. This meant that wind turbines had to be dimensioned for respectively higher hub heights or 10 greater rotor blade diameters. This resulted in higher costs and greater expenses with regard to materials such as foundations or supporting elements. To date, the rule was "higher yield equals proportional or over proportional dimensions of the turbine with regard to 15 the expected (extreme) loads". [06] In order to obtain the certification for a wind turbine, it must be able to resist extreme loads, for example a so-called 50-year wind event. As a consequence, wind turbines with telescopic rotor blades 20 and fixed length rotor blades must be designed with regard to safety requirements in such a manner that a 50-year wind event will not cause damage to the wind turbine. This implies enormous material-related and safety-related expenses, which increase the costs for 25 such a wind turbine. [07] The problem underlying the invention is to improve the prior art. [08] The problem is solved by a rotor blade with a first rotor blade section and a second rotor blade 30 section, wherein the first rotor blade section and the second rotor blade section are designed to be movable relative to each other by means of a control device, so 2 that in particular a telescopic rotor blade is formed and the rotor blade sections can adopt a minimum position, an intermediate position or a maximum position when displaced, wherein the rotor blade has a 5 reset device, which is setup in such a manner that in case of functional limitation of the control device, the rotor blade sections take up the minimum position. [09] A rotor blade can thus be provided, which in an emergency case always remains or is brought into a 10 minimum position. Thus the safety requirements can be adapted to the minimum length instead of the maximum length. [010] Thereby, the rule according to which "higher yield equals proportional or over-proportional 15 dimensions of the turbine with regard to the expected (extreme) loads" can be broken, resulting in a "decoupling of the yield from the dimensions of the turbine with regard to the expected (extreme) loads". Only then can certain wind turbines be produced 20 economically. [011] The following terms must be explained: [012] A "rotor blade section" is a (component) part of the rotor blade. The rotor blade sections are disposed so as to be "displaceable" relative to each 25 other, so that a telescopic rotor blade is provided, whose contact surface with the wind can be modified in an adjustable manner. More specifically, a rotor blade section is partially immersible in the other rotor blade section, so that a sufficiently stable connection 30 can be provided. 3 [013] The displacement of the rotor blade sections relative to each other is carried out by means of a "control device". This control device applies a rotational or translational movement to one of the 5 rotor blade sections. In a simple embodiment, this is carried out by means of a pinion that engages with a rack. The control device can also be implemented by a roller drive, such as those used in an elevator. However, technologies such as those used in a magnetic 10 levitation method can also be used. [014] When displacing the rotor blade sections, substantially three conditions, or respectively three positions of the rotor blade sections relative to each other can be set. 15 [015] In a "minimum position", the rotor blade is at its minimum length. A further reduction of the length of the rotor blade is not realizable. [016] In a "maximum position", the rotor blade is at its maximum length. A further displacement for 20 lengthening the rotor blade cannot be implemented without destroying it. [017] In the present, "intermediate position" refers to all positions between the minimum position and the maximum position. 25 [018] The term "functional limitation of the control device" refers all malfunctions and limitations of the control device. This can include the complete breakdown of the control device as well as a merely reduced output of the (control) motor. 30 [019] The "reset device" builds up a force between the individual rotor blade settings, which ensures from 4 a technical standpoint that the rotor blade sections will move into the minimum position. In one embodiment, the device is a tension spring, which is fastened at each respective spring end to both rotor blade 5 sections. Other alternatives, such as associated electromagnets for example can also form the reset device. [020] In another embodiment, the reset device has a spring element with a spring force. 10 [021] By means of this mechanical reset device a return to a minimum position can be ensured independently from a possible power supply. [022] In order to ensure that the reset device will securely displace the rotor blades into the minimum 15 position independently from the rotational speed of the rotor blades, the spring force can be greater than a (maximum) centrifugal force of an outer blade section and/or a force of the control device. [023] In another embodiment, the control device 20 includes a safety device. [024] Thus, the rotor blade sections can be locked relative to each other in the minimum position, in the intermediate position and in the maximum position. [025] The "locking device" can have electrical and 25 mechanical locking elements. An electrical locking element comprises an actuatable electromagnet and a mechanical locking element comprises a bolt for example, which can be slid into a bolt opening. It is particularly advantageous that the locking elements 30 themselves can also be controlled in a fail-safe manner, so that in case of a power breakdown the 5 locking device is automatically released. This can in turn be implemented by means of a reset device that is assigned to the locking device. [026] In order to ensure that the reset device moves 5 the rotor blade into a minimum position, the control device can have a safety device, which releases a rotor blade section or several rotor blade sections in case it must be secured. [027] "Release" more specifically means that the 10 reset device can move the rotor blade sections in such a manner that the rotor blade sections take up the minimum position. In a simple embodiment, the locking devices are released or a motor, which drives the pinion, is switched into a free-running mode or 15 mechanically folded away - for example as a result of magnets - so that the motor does not apply a force to the reset device. [028] In another embodiment the rotor blade has other rotor blade sections and/or other control devices 20 and/or other reset devices. [029] Thus a rotor blade can be provided, which is multiply extendable with respectively separate control devices and reset devices. [030] In another aspect of the invention, the 25 problem is solved by a tower, more specifically a wind turbine tower, with a first tower section and second tower section, wherein the first tower section and the second tower section are configured to be displaceable relative to each other by means of a control device, so 30 that more specifically a telescopic tower is formed and that the tower sections can adopt a minimum position, 6 an intermediate position or a maximum position when displaced, a reset device being provided which is setup in such a manner that in case of a function limitation of the control device, the tower sections take up the 5 minimum position. [031] Thus a tower can be provided that can be securely moved into a minimum position even during an extreme event, such as a 50-year wind event for example. By taking up this minimum position, the energy 10 capture of a wind turbine can be reduced. [032] Here too, the previously established rule "higher yield equals proportional or over-proportional dimensions of the turbine with regard to the expected (extreme) loads" can thus be broken resulting in a 15 "decoupling of the yield from the dimensions of the turbine with regard to the expected (extreme) loads". Only then can certain wind turbines be produced economically. [033] In addition, this tower allows providing wind 20 turbines, more specifically for offshore areas, with a significantly increased hub height. Currently, hub heights according to the prior art are limited to a height of ca. 100 m. However, with the present technology, an effective hub height of e.g. 300 m can 25 be implemented. Ergo, considerably more efficient (offshore) wind turbines can be provided by means of current assembly technologies. [034] Regarding the definitions, the previously given definitions are referred to, which also apply to 30 the tower in an adapted form. 7 [035] However, it must be taken into account here that the reset device more specifically uses gravity so that spring elements, for example, which would pull the individual tower sections together, can be dispensed 5 with. [036] In a related embodiment, the tower can have a brake device, which slows down and/or cushions a tower section on its way to the minimum position. Thus it can be prevented that an upper tower section moves 10 unchecked into a lower tower section. [037] The "brake device" can be configured for example as a gas pressure spring or an oil pressure spring with an end position damping arrangement. [038] In order to reduce the energy expense for a 15 displacement of the tower sections relative to each other and to implement a braking effect, the braking device can have a counterweight or a damping element. [039] In order to lock the tower sections relative to each other, the control device can have a "locking 20 device". [040] Regarding the locking device, reference is made to the above explanations, which also apply to the tower in an adapted form. [041] In the present, in order to ensure that the 25 tower sections can be moved to the minimum position at any time, the control device can have a safety device, which releases a tower section or several tower sections in case they need to be secured. 8 [042] Here too, reference is made to the previously given definitions regarding the safety device, which also apply to the tower in an adapted form. [043] In another embodiment, the tower has other 5 tower sections and/or other control devices and/or other reset devices. [044] Thus a wind turbine tower can be provided, which is extendable by more than twice its basic length and where a return to the respective minimum positions 10 is ensured in an emergency case. [045] In another aspect of the invention, the problem is solved by a wind turbine, more specifically an offshore wind turbine, which has a previously described tower and/or a previously described rotor 15 blade. [046] Thus a wind turbine can be provided more specifically in offshore areas, whose hub height is much higher than 100 m and which can adjustably absorb a corresponding energy yield from the wind acting on 20 it. In addition, the wind turbine can control and/or regulate the energy capture of the generator by determining the height of the tower or the longitudinal extension of the rotor blades. [047] In another aspect of the invention, the 25 problem can be solved by a wind farm, more specifically an offshore wind farm, which has a previously described wind turbine. [048] More specifically, effects appearing in wind farms can thus be minimized. For example, wind turbines 30 standing in a row in the direction of the wind can be moved in such a manner that the first wind turbine in 9 the direction of the wind is operated at a minimum height and a wind turbine standing behind it is operated at a maximum height, so that possible turbulences caused by the first wind turbine do not 5 impact or only slightly impact the wind turbine standing behind it. [049] Nevertheless both wind turbines can produce substantially the same energy yield, since the first wind turbine in the direction of the wind for example 10 is operated with rotor blades extended to a maximum position and the wind turbine standing behind it is operated with rotor blades extended to a minimum position. [050] In the following, the invention is described 15 in more detail based on exemplary embodiments. In the drawings: Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a section of a telescopic rotor blade, Figure 2 shows a schematic lateral representation of a 20 wind turbine with a hub height of 190 m and Figure 3 shows a schematic lateral view of a wind turbine with a hub height of 100 m. [051] A telescopic rotor blade 101 has a first rotor blade section 103 and a second rotor blade section 105. 25 The first rotor blade section 103 is flangeable to a hub (not shown) of a wind turbine by means of a rotor blade flange 111. The second rotor blade section 105 has a pin 107, which is guided in the first rotor blade section 103. 10 [052] A spring 115 has a first spring attachment 117, which is connected to the first rotor blade section 103 and a second spring attachment 119, which is connected to the pin 107 and thus to the second 5 rotor blade section 105. In addition, a rack 109 is mounted on the pin 107. A pinion 113 engages with the rack 109. [053] The pinion 113 is firmly connected to the first rotor blade section 103 via a pinion spring 121. 10 In addition, a control motor (not shown) is disposed on the rotational axis (not shown) of the pinion 113. [054] In addition, the pin 107 has several electromagnets 127 disposed next to each other. A permanently magnetic bolt 123, which is firmly 15 connected to the first rotor blade section 103 via a bolt spring 125, is assigned to these electromagnets. [055] In general, the second rotor blade section 115 is moved into an operating position by the control motor and the pinion 113 and the assigned rack 109 20 against the spring force of the rotor blade spring 115. [056] In order to move the second rotor blade section 105 into the minimum position of the telescopic rotor blade 101, the pin 107 is completely admitted into the first rotor blade section 103. 25 [057] Ensuring that the minimum position is taken up can be achieved cumulatively or alternately as follows: [058] The control motor (not shown) connected to the pinion is switched into an idle position. Thereby the rotor blade spring 115 pulls the second rotor blade 30 section 105 and thus the spring 107 completely into the first rotor blade section 103. 11 [059] In addition, by switching off an electro magnet, the pinion 113 can be "folded away" by the spring 121 under the action of the pinion spring 121, so that the pinion 113 has no active contact with the 5 rack 109. In this case also, the rotor blade spring 115 pulls the second rotor blade section 105 together with the pin 107 entirely into the first rotor blade section 103. [060] By means of the bolt 123 the pin 107 can be 10 fastened to the first rotor blade section 103. To this end, one of the electromagnets 127 is actuated in such a manner that the bolt 123 is pulled into a locking seat (not shown). [061] In case the telescopic rotor blade 101 must be 15 moved into the minimum position, the power supply of the electromagnets is interrupted and the bolt spring 125 pulls the bolt 123 out of the locking seat so that the second rotor blade section 105 with its assigned pin 107 is free and the second rotor blade section 105 20 is entirely admitted in the first rotor blade section 103. [062] The operation of a telescopic tower is explained in more detail based on a wind turbine 201. [063] A wind turbine 201 has a telescopic tower 240 25 with a nacelle 230 disposed at the top and rotor blades 101 flange-mounted onto a hub. [064] The telescopic tower 240 includes a lower tower section 241 and an assigned upper tower section 243, wherein the upper tower section 243 is at least 30 partially retractable inside the lower tower section 241. The lower tower section 241 and the upper tower 12 section 243 are displaceable relative to each other by way of a tower drive 251, which is configured like an elevator drive. In addition, a counterweight 255 attached to a retaining cable 253 is provided. 5 [065] The counterweight 255 has a somewhat lesser mass than the upper tower section 243 including the nacelle 231 and the telescopic rotor blades 101, so that a slow displacement of the upper tower section 243 with its superstructures is implementable. 10 [066] As a rule, in order to optimize the energy yield, the wind turbine is operated with an extended upper tower section 243. A substantial adjustment is carried out by way of the telescopic rotor blades 101. [067] In case the wind turbine must be moved into a 15 minimum position, the tower drive 251 is switched into an idle position. In this case, the counterweight 255 is lifted and the upper tower section 243 is lowered into the lower tower section 241. In the present, the safety mechanisms of the telescopic rotor blade can 20 also be used in an analogous manner for the two tower sections 243, 241. 13 List of reference numbers : 101 telescopic rotor blade 103 first rotor blade section 5 105 second rotor blade section 107 pin 109 rack 111 rotor blade flange 113 pinion 10 115 rotor blade spring 117 first spring connection 119 second spring connection 121 pinion spring 123 bolt 15 125 spring 127 electromagnet 201 wind turbine 231 nacelle 240 tower 20 241 lower tower section 243 upper tower section 251 tower drive 253 retaining cable 250 counterweight 25 14
    权利要求:
    Claims (14)
    [1] 1. A rotor blade (101) with a first rotor blade section (103) and a second rotor blade section 5 (105), wherein the first rotor blade section and the second rotor blade section are designed to be displaceable relative to each other by means of a control device (109, 113), so that more specifically a telescopic rotor blade is formed 10 and the rotor blade sections can adopt a minimum position, an intermediate position or a maximum position when displaced, characterized by a reset device (115), which is setup in such a manner that in case of a functional limitation of the control 15 device, the rotor blade sections take up the minimum position.
    [2] 2. The rotor blade according to claim 1, characterized in that the reset device has a 20 spring element with a spring force.
    [3] 3. The rotor blade according to claim 2, characterized in that the spring force is greater than a centrifugal force of an outer rotor blade 25 section and/or the force of the control device.
    [4] 4. The rotor blade according to one of the afore mentioned claims, characterized in that the control device comprises a locking device (123). 30
    [5] 5. The rotor blade according to one of the afore mentioned claims, characterized in that the control device has a safety device (123, 125, 127), which releases a rotor blade section or 15 several rotor blade sections in case they need to be secured.
    [6] 6. The rotor blade according to one of the afore 5 mentioned claims, characterized by other rotor blade sections and/or other control devices and/or other reset devices.
    [7] 7. A tower (240), more specifically a wind turbine 10 tower with a first tower section (241) and a second tower section (243), wherein the first tower section and the second tower section are designed to be movable relative to each other by means of a control device (251), so that more 15 specifically a telescopic tower is formed and that the tower sections can adopt a minimum position, an intermediate position or a maximum position when displaced, characterized by a reset device, which is configured in such a manner that in case 20 of a functional limitation of the control device, the tower sections take up the minimum position.
    [8] 8. The tower according to claim 7, characterized by a braking device, which slows down and/or cushions a 25 tower section on its way to the minimum position.
    [9] 9. The tower according to one of the claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the braking device has a counterweight (255) and/or a damping element. 30
    [10] 10. The tower according to one of the claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the control device has a locking device. 16
    [11] 11. The tower according to one of the claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the control device has a safety device, which releases a tower section or several tower sections in case they need to be 5 secured.
    [12] 12. The tower according to one of the claims 7 to 11, characterized by other tower sections and/or other control devices and/or other reset devices. 10
    [13] 13. A wind turbine (201), more specifically an offshore wind turbine having a tower according to one of the claims 7 to 12 and/or a rotor blade according to one of the claims 1 to 6. 15
    [14] 14. A wind farm, more specifically an offshore wind farm having a wind turbine according to claim 13. 17
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    DE112012005552A5|2014-09-11|
    WO2013097847A2|2013-07-04|
    EP2798202A2|2014-11-05|
    NZ626572A|2015-05-29|
    US20150016996A1|2015-01-15|
    CA2893005A1|2013-07-04|
    WO2013097847A3|2013-11-21|
    EP2798202B1|2016-03-16|
    AU2012361331B2|2016-05-05|
    ZA201405126B|2015-11-25|
    DE102011122504A1|2013-03-28|
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    法律状态:
    2016-09-01| FGA| Letters patent sealed or granted (standard patent)|
    2019-07-25| MK14| Patent ceased section 143(a) (annual fees not paid) or expired|
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102011122504.1||2011-12-29||
    DE102011122504A|DE102011122504A1|2011-12-29|2011-12-29|Wind turbine|
    PCT/DE2012/100402|WO2013097847A2|2011-12-29|2012-12-28|Telescopic rotor blade and telescopic tower, wind turbine, and wind farm|
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