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    公开号:AU2007222754A1
    申请号:U2007222754
    申请日:2007-02-21
    公开日:2007-09-13
    发明作者:Thomas Jaetsch；Johannes Kaulen；Peter Spetmann；Hermann Uhr
    申请人:Lanxess Deutschland GmbH；
    IPC主号:A01N47-12
    专利说明:
    CERTIFICATE OF VERIFICATION I, Charles Edward SITCH BA, Managing Director of RWS Group Ltd UK Translation Division, of Europa House, Marsham Way, Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire, England state that the attached document is a true and complete translation to the best of my knowledge and belief of International Patent Application No. PCT/EP2007/001480. Dated this 17th day of September 2008 (Signature) For and on behalf or RWS Group Ltd.
    WO 2007/101549 PCT/EP2007/001480 -1 Stabilization of iodine-containing biocides by means of special azole compounds The invention relates to the use of specific known azole compounds as stabilizers of iodine containing biocides, and also to active compound formulations, concentrates and industrial products comprising iodine-containing biocide and specific azole compounds. 5 Iodine-containing biocides are generally employed in order to protect industrial materials from decomposition/destruction and visual alteration by fungi, bacteria and algae, preferably by fungi. Also used here besides iodoalkynyl compounds are active compounds in which one or more iodine atoms are attached at double bond systems, but also to singly bonded carbon atoms. Features common to all iodine-containing biocides are firstly that on exposure to light they lead to 10 a yellowing accompanied by loss of active compound and activity and secondly that in many application forms, but especially in solvent-based formulations, paints, stains or varnishes, even without exposure to light, they are chemically unstable, which is manifested in a degradation of the active compound, with the result of reduced biological activity. The chemical degradation is particularly severe in the presence of transition metal compounds, 15 which are used preferentially as dryers (siccatives) in paints containing alkyd resin. Particularly noteworthy here are cobalt-containing dryers, although the alternatively and in some cases additionally used lead, manganese and vanadium dryers also lead to severe active compound degradation. As well as the dryers, there are a series of further constituents leading, in varying intensities, to 20 degradation of iodine-containing biocides in paints, varnishes, primers, impregnating systems, stains and active compound formulations. While the destabilizing effect is still relatively weak in the case of the solvents typically used, the other typical components of a paint formulation, such as in-process additives, plasticizers, colour pigments, anti-settling agents, thixotropic agents, corrosion inhibitors, anti-skinning agents and binders, for example, show more or less strongly 25 pronounced destabilizing effects. Surprisingly it has now been found that through the use of particular azole compounds, in particular from the group of imidazoles, triazoles and tetrazoles, it is possible to stabilize iodine containing biocides both from chemical and light-induced degradation, thereby making it possible to prevent the above-described drawbacks such as colour changes and chemical degradation. 30 The azoles for use in accordance with the invention, in particular from the group of imidazoles, triazoles and tetrazoles, are known; however, their use for stabilizing iodine-containing biocides has not previously been described.
    WO 2007/101549 PCT/EP2007/001480 -2 There are already known methods of preventing the degradation of halopropargyl compounds in transition metal-containing alkyd resin paints. WO 98/22543, for example, describes the use of chelating reagents. Also known are transition metal-containing alkyd resin paints in which halopropargyl compounds 5 are stabilized by means of organic epoxides (cf. WO 00/16628). There have also already been descriptions of processes for suppressing the light-induced degradation of active antifungal compounds, such as iodopropargyl butylcarbamate among others, by addition of tetraalkylpiperidine compounds and/or UV absorbers (cf. EP-A 0 083 308). The addition of epoxy compounds is intended to reduce the discoloration of iodoalkyne 10 compounds, such as IPBC (cf. US-A 4,276,211 and US-A 4,297,258). Also described, furthermore, have been synergistic mixtures of epoxides with UV absorbers (cf. WO 99/29176) and with benzylidenecamphor derivatives (cf. US-A 6,472,424) which likewise exhibit reduced yellowing. The stabilizing activity of the aforementioned stabilizers, however, is not always sufficient, and is 15 hampered by performance drawbacks. Thus it is observed in particular that the drying times of the paints are significantly prolonged, which in many cases is unacceptable to the user. Moreover, the inhibition of the coloration is not always satisfactory. The present invention accordingly provides active compound mixtures comprising at least one iodine-containing biocide and at least one azole compound of the general formula (I) or tautomer 20 thereof, X-Y R N( H in which
    R
    ' is hydrogen, hydroxyl, mercapto or optionally substituted amino and 25 X, Y and Z independently of one another are N or C-R 2 in which WO 2007/101549 PCT/EP2007/001480 -3
    R
    2 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, mercapto or optionally substituted amino. Preference is given to mixtures comprising at least one iodine-containing biocide and at least one azole compound of the formula (I) or tautomer thereof in which 5 R' is hydrogen, hydroxyl, mercapto, amino, C 1
    -C
    3 -alkylamino or di-C 1
    -C
    3 -alkylamino and X, Y and Z independently of one another are N or C-R 2 and
    R
    2 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, mercapto, amino, C-C 3 -alkylamino or di-C 1
    -C
    3 -alkylamino. 10 The radicals indicated in the respective definitions and preferred and particularly preferred definitions may, independently of the particular combination indicated, be replaced in any desired way, including replacement by radical definitions of other combinations. Moreover, radical definitions from each preference range may also be omitted. Particular preference is given to mixtures of the invention which comprise at least one of the 15 following imidazoles, triazoles or tetrazoles: 2-aminoimidazole, 4-aminoimidazole, 2-hydroxyimidazole, 4-hydroxyimidazole, 20 2-mercaptoimidazole, 4-mercaptoimidazole, 2-imnidazolin-4-one, 4-amino-2-hydroxyimidazole, 4-amino-2-mercaptoimidazole, 25 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, 3-hydroxy-1,2,4-triazole, WO 2007/101549 PCT/EP2007/001480 -4 3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole, 3-amino-5-hydroxy-1,2,4-triazole, 3-amino-5-mercapto- 1,2,4-triazole, 3,5-diamino- 1,2,4-triazole, 5 3-hydroxy-5-mercapto- 1,2,4-triazole, 3,5-dihydroxy- 1,2,4-triazole, 3,5-dimercapto-1,2,4-triazole, 5-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrazole, 5-hydroxy- 1,2,3,4-tetrazole, 10 5-mercapto- 1,2,3,4-tetrazole. The iodine-containing biocides present in the mixtures of the invention are preferably iodoalkynyl compounds or compounds in which one or more iodine atoms are attached to double bond systems, or compounds in which one or more iodine atoms are attached to singly bonded carbon atoms. With particular preference the iodine-containing active compounds are the following compounds: 15 3-iodo-2-propynylpropyl carbamate, 3-iodo-2-propynylbutyl carbamate (IPBC), 3-iodo-2-propynyl m-chlorophenyl carbamate, 3-iodo-2-propynylphenyl carbamate, 3-iodo-2-propynyl 2,4,5-trichloro phenyl ether, 3-iodo-2-propynyl 4-chlorophenyl formal (IPCF), di(3-iodo-2-propynyl)hexyl dicarbamate, 3-iodo-2-propynyloxyethanol ethylcarbamate, 3-iodo-2-propynyloxyethanol phenyl carbamate, 3-iodo-2-propynylthioxothioethyl carbamate, 3-iodo-2-propynylcarbamic ester (IPC), 20 N-iodpropargyloxycarbonylalanine, N-iodopropargyloxycarbonylalanine ethyl ester, 3-(3-iodo propargyl)benzoxazol-2-one, 3-(3-iodopropargyl)-6-chlorobenzoxazol-2-one, diiodomethyl p-tolyl sulphone, diiodomethyl p-chlorophenyl sulphone, 3-iodo-2-propynyl alcohol, 4-chlorophenyl 3-iodopropargyl formal, 3-bromo-2,3-diiodo-2-propenyl ethylcarbamate, 2,3,3-triiodoallyl alcohol, 3-bromo-2,3-diiodo-2-propenyl alcohol, 3-iodo-2-propynyl n-hexylcarbamate, 3-iodo-2-propynyl 25 cyclohexylcarbamate. The mixtures of the invention in general contain 0.01% - 70% by weight of at least one iodine containing biocide and 0.001% - 50% by weight of at least one azole compound of the formula (I), preferably 0.05% - 60% by weight of at least one iodine-containing biocide and 0.005% - 40% by weight of at least one azole compound of the formula (I), and with particular preference 30 0.1% - 50% by weight of at least one iodine-containing biocide and 0.01% - 30% by weight of at least one azole compound of the formula (I).
    WO 2007/101549 PCT/EP2007/001480 -5 The mixtures of the invention can be prepared by mixing together the individual components as a function of their respective physical and/or chemical properties, without additives, or converting them into the typical formulations, such as solutions, emulsions, suspensions, powders, foams, pastes, granules, aerosols and ultra-fine encapsulations in polymeric substances. 5 The mixtures of the invention are suitable for protecting industrial materials. Industrial materials in the present context are non-living materials which have been prepared for use in industry. The industrial materials are, for example, adhesives, sizes, paper and cardboard, textiles, leather, wood, wood-based materials, coating materials and plastics articles, cooling lubricants and other materials which may be infested or decomposed by microorganisms. 10 Additionally provided is the use of the mixtures of the invention for protecting industrial materials against infestation and/or destruction by microorganisms. Examples of microorganisms which may bring about degradation or alteration of the industrial materials include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, algae and slime organisms. The active compounds of the invention act preferably against fungi, more particularly moulds, wood-discolouring and wood 15 destroying fungi (Basidiomycetes) and also against slime organisms and bacteria. Microorganisms of the following genera may be mentioned by way of example: Alternaria, such as Alternaria tenuis, Aspergillus, such as Aspergillus niger, Chaetomium, such as Chaetomium globosum, 20 Coniophora, such as Coniophora puetana, Lentinus, such as Lentinus tigrinus, Penicillium, such as Penicillium glaucum, Polyporus, such as Polyporus versicolor, Aureobasidium, such as Aureobasidium pullulans, 25 Sclerophoma, such as Sclerophoma pityophila, Trichoderma, such as Trichoderma viride, Escherichia, such as Escherichia coli, WO 2007/101549 PCT/EP2007/001480 -6 Pseudomonas, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus, such as Staphylococcus aureus. Depending on their respective physical and/or chemical properties, the mixtures of the invention can furthermore be converted into the typical formulations, such as solutions, emulsions, 5 suspensions, powders, foams, pastes, granules, aerosols and ultrafine encapsulations in polymeric substances. These formulations can be prepared in a known manner, for example by mixing the active compounds with extenders, that is, liquid solvents, liquefied gases under pressure, and/or solid carriers, if appropriate with the use of surfactants, that is emulsifiers and/or dispersants and/or foam 10 formers. If the extender used is water, it is also possible to use for example organic solvents as auxiliary solvents. Essentially, suitable liquid solvents are: aromatics, such as xylene, toluene or alkylnaphthalenes, chlorinated aromatics or chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylene or methylene chloride, aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as cyclohexane or paraffins, for example mineral oil fractions, alcohols, such as butanol or glycol and their ethers and 15 esters, ketones, such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone, strongly polar solvents, such as dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulphoxide, and water. By liquefied gaseous extenders or carriers are meant liquids which are gaseous at ambient temperature and under atmospheric pressure, for example aerosol propellants, such as halogenated hydrocarbons and butane, propane, nitrogen and carbon dioxide. Suitable solid carriers are: for example ground natural 20 minerals, such as kaolins, clays, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite or diatomaceous earth, and ground synthetic minerals, such as finely divided silica, alumina and silicates. Suitable solid carriers for granules are: for example crushed and fractionated natural rocks such as calcite, marble, pumice, sepiolite and dolomite, and synthetic granules of organic and inorganic meals, and granules of organic material such as sawdust, coconut shells, maize cobs and tobacco stalks. Suitable 25 emulsifiers and/or foam-formers are: for example nonionic and anionic emulsifiers, such as polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethers, for example alkylaryl polyglycol ethers, alkylsulphonates, alkyl sulphates, arylsulphonates and protein hydrolysates. Suitable dispersants are: for example lignosulphite waste liquors and methylcellulose. Tackifiers such as carboxymethylcellulose and natural and synthetic polymers in the form of 30 powders, granules or latices, such as gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate, and natural phospholipids, such as cephalins and lecithins, and synthetic phospholipids, can be used in the formulations. Other possible additives are mineral and vegetable oils. It is possible to use colourants such as inorganic pigments, for example iron oxide, titanium oxide and WO 2007/101549 PCT/EP2007/001480 -7 Prussian blue, and organic dyes, such as alizarin dyes, azo dyes and metal phthalocyanine dyes, and trace nutrients such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc. The formulations generally comprise between 0.1 and 95 per cent by weight of active compound, preferably between 2 and 75 per cent by weight. 5 The present invention further provides microbicidal compositions based on the mixtures of the invention and comprising at least one solvent or diluent and also, if appropriate, processing auxiliaries and, if appropriate, further antimicrobially active compounds. In this case, the active compounds may be present herein either in dissolved form or as suspensions or emulsions. The solvents or diluents are either water or all customary organic solvents. 10 The efficacy and the activity spectrum of the mixtures of the invention and of the compositions preparable therefrom can be increased by adding, if appropriate, further antimicrobial compounds, fungicides, bactericides, herbicides, insecticides or other active compounds, so as to widen the spectrum of activity or to obtain particular effects. These mixtures may have an even wider activity spectrum. 15 In many cases, synergistic effects are obtained, i.e. the activity of the mixture is greater than the activity of the individual components. The following compounds, for example, are found to be particularly favorable co-components: triazoles such as: azaconazole, azocyclotin, bitertanol, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, diclobutrazole, 20 difenoconazole, diniconazole, epoxyconazole, etaconazole, fenbuconazole, fenchlorazole, fenethanil, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, furconazole, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, ipconazole, isozofos, myclobutanil, metconazole, paclobutrazole, penconazole, propioconazole, prothioconazole, simeconazole, (+)-cis-l-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)cycloheptanol, 2-(1 -tert-butyl)- 1 -(2-chlorophenyl)-3-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, 25 triadimefon, triadimenol, triapenthenol, triflumizole, triticonazole, uniconazole and their metal salts and acid adducts; imidazoles such as: clotrimazole, bifonazole, climbazole, econazole, fenapamil, imazalil, isoconazole, ketoconazole, lombazole, miconazole, pefurazoate, prochloraz, triflumizole, thiazolcar, 1-imidazolyl-1-(4'-chloro 30 phenoxy)-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one, and their metal salts and acid adducts; WO 2007/101549 PCT/EP2007/001480 -8 pyridines and pyrimidines such as: ancymidol, buthiobate, fenarimol, mepanipyrin, nuarimol, pyvoxyfur, triamirol; succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors such as: benodanil, carboxim, carboxim sulphoxide, cyclafluramid, fenfuram, flutanil, furcarbanil, 5 furmecyclox, mebenil, mepronil, methfuroxam, metsulfovax, nicobifen, pyracarbolid, oxycarboxin, Shirlan, Seedvax; naphthalene derivatives such as: terbinafine, naftifine, butenafine, 3-chloro-7-(2-aza-2,7,7-trimethyloct-3-en-5-yne); sulphenamides such as: 10 dichlofluanid, tolylfluanid, folpet, fluorofolpet, captan, captofol; benzimidazoles such as: carbendazim, benomyl, fuberidazole, thiabendazole or their salts; morpholine derivatives such as: aldimorph, dimethomorph, dodemorph, falimorph, fenpropidin, fenpropimorph, tridemorph, 15 trimorphamid and their arylsulphonate salts such as, for example, p-toluenesulphonic acid and p-dodecylphenylsulphonic acid; benzothiazoles such as: 2-mercaptobenzothiazole; benzothiophene dioxides such as: 20 N-cyclohexyl-benzo[b]thiophenecarboxamide S,S-dioxide; benzamides such as: 2,6-dichloro-N-(4-trifluoromethylbenzyl)benzamide, tecloftalam; boron compounds such as: boric acid, boric esters, borax; WO 2007/101549 PCT/EP2007/001480 -9 formaldehyde and formaldehyde-releasing compounds such as: benzyl alcohol mono(poly)hemiformal, 1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine 2,4-dione (DMDMH), bisoxazolidine, n-butanol hemiformal, cis- 1 -(3-chloroallyl)-3,5,7-triaza 1 -azoniaadamantane chloride, 1-[1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl-2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-4-yl]-1,3-bis 5 (hydroxymethyl)urea, dazomet, dimethylolurea, 4,4-dimethyloxazolidine, ethylene glycol hemiformal, 7-ethylbicyclooxazolidine, hexahydro-S-triazine, hexamethylenetetramine, N-hydroxymethyl-N'-methylthiourea, methylenebismorpholine, sodium N-(hydroxymethyl)gly cinate, N-methylolchloroacetamide, oxazolidine, paraformaldehyde, taurolin, tetrahydro 1,3-oxazine, N-(2-hydroxypropyl)aminemethanol, tetramethylolacetylenediurea (TMAD); 10 isothiazolinones such as: N-methylisothiazolin-3-one, 5-chloro-N-methylisothiazolin-3-one, 4,5-dichloro-N-octyliso thiazolin-3-one, 5-chloro-N-octylisothiazolinone, N-octylisothiazolin-3-one, 4,5-trimethyleneiso thiazolinone, 4,5-benzoisothiazolinone; aldehydes such as: 15 cinnamaldehyde, formaldehyde, glutardialdehyde, 1-bromocinnamaldehyde, o-phthaldialdehyde; thiocyanates such as: thiocyanatomethylthiobenzothiazole, methylenebisthiocyanate; quaternary ammonium compounds and guanidines such as: benzalkonium chloride, benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium chloride, benzyldimethyl 20 dodecylamrnmonium chloride, dichlorobenzyldimethylalkylammonium chloride, didecyldimethyl ammonium chloride, dioctyldimethylammonium chloride, N-hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, I -hexadecylpyridinium chloride, iminoctadine tris(albesilate); iodine derivatives such as: diiodomethyl p-tolyl sulphone, 3-iodo-2-propynyl alcohol, 4-chlorophenyl-3-iodopropargylformal, 25 3-bromo-2,3-diiodo-2-propenyl ethylcarbamate, 2,3,3-triiodoallyl alcohol, 3-bromo-2,3-diiodo 2-propenyl alcohol, 3-iodo-2-propynyl n-butylcarbamate, 3-iodo-2-propynyl n-hexylcarbamate, 3-iodo-2-propynyl cyclohexylcarbamate, 3-iodo-2-propynyl phenylcarbamate; phenols such as: WO 2007/101549 PCT/EP2007/001480 - 10 tribromophenol, tetrachlorophenol, 3-methyl-4-chlorophenol, 3,5-dimethyl-4-chlorophenol, dichlorophene, 2-benzyl-4-chlorophenol, triclosan, diclosan, hexachlorophene, methyl p-hydroxy benzoate, ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate, propyl p-hydroxybenzoate, butyl p-hydroxybenzoate, octyl p-hydroxybenzoate, o-phenylphenol, m-phenylphenol, p-phenylphenol, 4-(2-tert-butyl 5 4-methylphenoxy)phenol, 4-(2-isopropyl-4-methylphenoxy)phenol, 4-(2,4-dimethylphenoxy) phenol and their alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts; microbicides with an activated halogen group such as: bronopol, bronidox, 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, 2-bromo-4'-hydroxyacetophenone, 1-bromo 3-chloro-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-imidazolidinone, B-bromo-8-nitrostyrene, chloracetamide, 10 chloramine T, 1,3-dibromo-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-imidazolidinone, dichloramine T, 3,4-dichloro (3H)- 1,2-dithiol-3-one, 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilepropionamide, 1,2-dibromo-2,4-dicyanobutane, halane, halazone, mucochloric acid, phenyl (2-chlorocyanovinyl) sulphone, phenyl (1,2-dichloro 2-cyanovinyl) sulphone, trichloroisocyanuric acid; pyridines such as: 15 1-hydroxy-2-pyridinethione (and their Cu, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn salts), tetrachloro-4-methyl sulphonylpyridine, pyrimethanol, mepanipyrim, dipyrithion, 1-hydroxy-4-methyl-6-(2,4,4 trimethylpentyl)-2(l1H)-pyridine; methoxyacrylates or similar such as: azoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, metominostrobin, orysastrobin, 20 picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin, 2,4-dihydro-5-methoxy-2-methyl-4-[2-[[[[1-[3 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene]amino]oxy]methyl]phenyl]-3H- 1,2,4-triazol-3-one (CAS No. 185336-79-2); metal soaps such as: salts of the metals tin, copper and zinc with higher fatty acids, resin acids, naphthenoic acids and 25 phosphoric acid, such as, for example, tin naphthenate, tin octoate, tin 2-ethylhexanoate, tin oleate, tin phosphate, tin benzoate, copper naphthenate, copper octoate, copper 2-ethylhexanoate, copper oleate, copper phosphate, copper benzoate, zinc naphthenate, zinc octoate, zinc 2-ethylhexanoate, zinc oleate, zinc phosphate, zinc benzoate; metal salts such as: 30 salts of the metals tin, copper, zinc, and also chromates and dichromates, such as, for example, WO 2007/101549 PCT/EP2007/001480 -11 copper hydroxycarbonate, sodium dichromate, potassium dichromate, potassium chromate, copper sulphate, copper chloride, copper borate, zinc fluorosilicate, copper fluorosilicate; oxides such as: oxides of the metals tin, copper and zinc, such as, for example, tributyltin oxide, Cu 2 0, CuO, ZnO; 5 oxidizing agents such as: hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, potassium persulphate; dithiocarbamates such as: cufraneb, ferban, potassium N-hydroxymethyl-N'-methyldithiocarbamate, sodium dimethyl dithiocarbamate, potassium dimethyldithiocarbamate, mancozeb, maneb, metam, metiram, thiram, 10 zineb, ziram; nitriles such as: 2,4,5,6-tetrachloroisophthalonitrile, disodium cyanodithioimidocarbamate; quinolines such as: 8-hydroxyquinoline and their copper salts; 15 other fungicides and bactericides such as: bethoxazin, 5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone, 4,5-benzodithiazolinone, 4,5-trimethylenedithiazolinone, N-(2-p-chlorobenzoylethyl)hexaminium chloride, 2-oxo-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetohydroxy cinnamoyl chloride, tris-N-(cyclohexyldiazeniumdioxy)-aluminium, N-(cyclohexyldiazenium dioxy)-tributyltin or its potassium salts, bis-N-(cyclohexyldiazeniumdioxy)-copper; iprovalicarb, 20 fenhexamide, spiroxamine, carpropamid, diflumetorin, quinoxyfen, famoxadone, polyoxorim, acibenzolar S-methyl, furametpyr, thifluzamide, methalaxy-M, benthiavalicarb, metrafenon, cyflufenamid, tiadinil, tea tree oil, phenoxyethanol, Ag, Zn or Cu-containing zeolites alone or incorporated into polymeric materials. Very especially preferred are mixtures with 25 azaconazole, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, dichlobutrazol, diniconazole, diuron, hexaconazole, metaconazole, penconazole, propiconazole, tebuconazole, dichlofluanid, tolylfluanid, fluorfolpet, methfuroxam, carboxin, N-cyclohexyl-benzo[b]thiophenecarboxamide S,S-dioxide, fenpiclonil, WO 2007/101549 PCT[EP2007/001480 -12 4-(2,2-difluoro-1,3-benzodioxol-4-yl)-IH-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile, butenafine, imazalil, N-methyl isothiazolin-3-one, 5-chloro-N-methylisothiazolin-3-one, N-octylisothiazolin-3-one, dichloro N-octylisothiazolinone, mercaptobenzothiazole, thiocyanatomethylthiobenzothiazole, thiabendazole,, benzoisothiazolinone, N-(2-hydroxypropyl)anminomethanol, benzyl alcohol 5 (hemi)formal, N-methylolchloroacetamide, N-(2-hydroxypropyl)aminemethanol, glutaraldehyde, omadine, Zn-omadine, dimethyl dicarbonate, 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, 3-iodo-2-propynyl n-butylcarbamate, bethoxazin, o-phthaldialdehyde, 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrile-propionamide, 1,2-dibromo-2,4-dicyanobutane, 1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione (DMDMH), tetramethylolacetylenediurea (TMAD), ethyleneglycolhemiformal, p-hydroxybenzoic 10 acid, carbendazim, chlorophen, 3-methyl-4-chlorophenol, o-phenylphenol. Apart from with the abovementioned fungicides and bactericides, mixtures with a good efficacy are, moreover, also prepared with other active compounds: insecticides / acaricides / nematicides: abamectin, acephate, acetamiprid, acetoprole, acrinathrin, alanycarb, aldicarb, aldoxycarb, aldrin, 15 allethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, amidoflumet, amitraz, avermectin, azadirachtin, azinphos A, azinphos M, azocyclotin, Bacillus thuringiensis, barthrin, 4-bromo-2(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(ethoxymethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl) 1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, bensultap, betacyfluthrin, bifenthrin, bioresmethrin, bioallethrin, bistrilfluron, bromophos A, bromophos M, bufencarb, buprofezin, 20 butathiophos, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, cadusafos, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbophenothion, carbosulfan, cartap, quinomethionate, cloethocarb, 4-chloro-2-(2-chloro-2-methylpropyl)-5-[(6-iodo-3-pyridinyl)methoxy]-3(2H) pyridazinone (CAS RN: 120955-77-3), chlordane, chlorethoxyfos, chlorfenapyr, chlorfenvinphos, chlorfluazuron, chlormephos, N-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-N'-cyano-N-methylethane 25 imidamide, chlorpicrin, chlorpyrifos A, chlorpyrifos M, cis-resmethrin, clocythrin, clothiazoben, cypophenothrin, clofentezin, coumaphos, cyanophos, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, cyhexatin, cypermethrin, cyromazin, decamethrin, deltamethrin, demeton M, demeton S, demeton-S-methyl, diafenthiuron, dialiphos, diazinon, 1,2-dibenzoyl-l(1,1-dimethyl)hydrazine, DNOC, dichlofenthion, dichlorvos, dicliphos, 30 dicrotophos, difethialone, diflubenzuron, dimethoate, 3,5-dimethylphenyl methylcarbamate, dimethyl(phenyl)silylmethyl-3-phenoxybenzyl ether, dimethyl(4-ethoxyphenyl)silylmethyl-3 phenoxybenzyl ether, dimethylvinphos, dioxathion, disulfoton, WO 2007/101549 PCT/EP2007/001480 -13 eflusilanate, emamectin, empenthrin, endosulfan, EPN, esfenvalerate, ethiofencarb, ethion, ethofenprox, etrimphos, etoxazole, etobenzanid, fenamiphos, fenazaquin, fenbutatin oxide, fenfluthrin, fenitrothion, fenobucarb, fenothiocarb, fenoxycarb, fenpropathrin, fenpyrad, fenpyroximate, fensulfothion, fenthion, fenvalerate, fipronil, 5 flonicamid, fluacrypyrim, fluazuron, flucycloxuron, flucythrinate, flufenerim, flufenoxuron, flupyrazofos, flufenzine, flumethrin, flufenprox, fluvalinate, fonophos, formethanate, formothion, fosmethilan, fosthiazate, fubfenprox, furathiocarb, halofenozide, HCH, (CAS RN: 58-89-9), heptenophos, hexaflumuron, hexythiazox, hydramethylnon, hydroprene, 10 imidacloprid, imiprothrin, indoxycarb, iodfenfos, iprinomectin, iprobenfos, isazophos, isoamidophos, isofenphos, isoprocarb, isoprothiolane, isoxathion, ivermectin, kadedrin lambda-cyhalothrin, lufenuron, malathion, mecarbam, mervinphos, mesulfenphos, metaldehyde, methacrifos, methamidophos, 15 methidathion, methiocarb, methomyl, metolcarb, milbemectin, monocrotophos, moxiectin, naled, NI 125, nicotine, nitenpyram, noviflumuron, omethoate, oxamyl, oxydemethon M, oxydeprofos, parathion A, parathion M, penfluron, permethrin, 2-(4-phenoxyphenoxy)ethyl ethylcarbamate, phenthoate, phorate, phosalon, phosmet, phosphamidon, phoxim, pirimicarb, pirimiphos M, 20 pirimiphos A, prallethrin, profenophos, promecarb, propaphos, propoxur, prothiophos, prothoate, pymetrozin, pyrachlophos, pyridaphenthion, pyresmethrin, pyrethrum, pyridaben, pyridalyl, pyrimidifen, pyriproxifen, pyrithiobac-sodium, quinalphos, resmethrin, rotenone, 25 salithion, sebufos, silafluofen, spinosad, spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, sulfotep, sulprofos, tau-fluvalinate, taroils, tebufenozide, tebufenpyrad, tebupirimphos, teflubenzuron, tefluthrin, temephos, terbam, terbufos, tetrachlorvinphos, tetramethrin, tetramethacarb, thiacloprid, thiafenox, thiamethoxam, thiapronil, thiodicarb, thiofanox, thiazophos, thiocyclam, thiomethon, thionazin, WO 2007/101549 PCT/EP2007/001480 -14 thuringiensin, tralomethrin, transfluthrin, triarathen, triazophos, triazamate, triazuron, trichlorfon, triflumuron, trimethacarb, vamidothion, xylylcarb, zetamethrin; molluscicides: 5 fentin acetate, metaldehyde, methiocarb, niclosamide; herbicides and algicides: acetochlor, acifluorfen, aclonifen, acrolein, alachlor, alloxydim, ametryn, amidosulfuron, amitrole, ammonium sulfamate, anilofos, asulam, atrazine, azafenidin, aziptrotryne, azimsulfuron, benazolin, benfluralin, benfuresate, bensulfuron, bensulfide, bentazone, benzofencap, 10 benzthiazuron, bifenox, bispyribac, bispyribac-sodium, borax, bromacil, bromobutide, bromofenoxim, bromoxynil, butachlor, butamifos, butralin, butylate, bialaphos, benzoyl-prop, bromobutide, butroxydim, carbetamide, carfentrazone-ethyl, carfenstrole, chlomethoxyfen, chloramben, chlorbromuron, chlorflurenol, chloridazon, chlorimuron, chlornitrofen, chloroacetic acid, chloransulam-methyl, 15 cinidon-ethyl, chlorotoluron, chloroxuron, chlorpropham, chlorsulfuron, chlorthal, chlorthiamid, cinmethylin, cinosulfuron, clefoxydim, clethodim, clomazone, chlomeprop, clopyralid, cyanamide, cyanazine, cycloate, cycloxydim, chloroxynil, clodinafop-propargyl, cumyluron, clometoxyfen, cyhalofop, cyhalofop-butyl, clopyrasuluron, cyclosulfamuron, diclosulam, dichlorprop, dichlorprop-P, diclofop, diethatyl, difenoxuron, difenzoquat, diflufenican, 20 diflufenzopyr, dimefuron, dimepiperate, dimethachlor, dimethipin, dinitramine, dinoseb, dinoseb acetate, dinoterb, diphenamid, dipropetryn, diquat, dithiopyr, diduron, DNOC, DSMA, 2,4-D, daimuron, dalapon, dazomet, 2,4-DB, desmedipham, desmetryn, dicamba, dichlobenil, dimethamid, dithiopyr, dimethametryn, eglinazine, endothal, EPTC, esprocarb, ethalfluralin, ethidimuron, ethofumesate, ethobenzanid, 25 ethoxyfen, ethametsulfuron, ethoxysulfuron, fenoxaprop, fenoxaprop-P, fenuron, flamprop, flamprop-M, flazasulfuron, fluazifop, fluazifop-P, fuenachlor, fluchloralin, flufenacet, flumeturon, fluorocglycofen, fluoronitrofen, flupropanate, flurenol, fluridone, flurochloridone, fluroxypyr, fomesafen, fosamine, fosametine, flamprop isopropyl, flamprop-isopropyl-L, flufenpyr, flumiclorac-pentyl, flumipropyn, flumioxzim, 30 flurtamone, flumioxzim, flupyrsulfuron-methyl, fluthiacet-methyl, WO 2007/101549 PCT/EP2007/001480 -15 glyphosate, glufosinate-ammonium haloxyfop, hexazinone, imazamethabenz, isoproturon, isoxaben, isoxapyrifop, imazapyr, imazaquin, imazethapyr, ioxynil, isopropalin, imazosulfuron, imazomox, isoxaflutole, imazapic, 5 ketospiradox, lactofen, lenacil, linuron, MCPA, MCPA-hydrazide, MCPA-thioethyl, MCPB, mecoprop, mecoprop-P, mefenacet, mefluidide, mesosulfuron, metam, metamifop, metamitron, metazachlor, methabenzthiazuron, methazole, methoroptryne, methyldymron, methyl isothiocyanate, metobromuron, metoxuron, 10 metribuzin, metsulfuron, molinate, manolide, monolinuron, MSMA, metolachlor, metosulam, metobenzuron, naproanilide, napropamide, naptalam, neburon, nicosulfuron, norflurazon, sodium chlorate, oxadiazon, oxyfluorfen, oxysulfuron, orbencarb, oryzalin, oxadiargyl, propyzamide, prosulfocarb, pyrazolate, pyrazosulfuron, pyrazoxyfen, pyribenzoxim, pyributicarb, 15 pyridate, paraquat, pebulate, pendimethalin, pentachlorophenol, pentoxazone, pentanochlor, petroleum oils, phenmedipham, picloram, piperophos, pretilachlor, primisulfuron, prodiamine, profoxydim, prometryn, propachlor, propanil, propaquizafob, propazine, propham, propisochlor, pyriminobac-methyl, pelargonic acid, pyrithiobac, pyraflufen-ethyl, quinmerac, quinocloamine, quizalofop, quizalofop-P, quinchlorac, 20 rimsulfuron sethoxydim, sifuron, simazine, simetryn, sulfosulfuron, sulfometuron, sulfentrazone, sulcotrione, sulfosate, tar oils, TCA, TCA-sodium, tebutam, tebuthiuron, terbacil, terbumeton, terbuthylazine, terbutryn, thiazafluoron, thifensulfuron, thiobencarb, thiocarbazil, tralkoxydim, triallate, triasulfuron, 25 tribenuron, triclopyr, tridiphane, trietazine, trifluoralin, tycor, thdiazimin, thiazopyr, triflusulfuron, vernolates. The present invention further provides the use of azole compounds of the formula (I) for WO 2007/101549 PCT/EP2007/001480 -16 stabilizing iodine-containing biocides against chemical degradation reactions. The materials to be protected from degradation may in principle be any iodine-containing active compounds. Preference is given to the inventive use for stabilizing the iodine-containing biocides set out above as being preferred and particularly preferred. 5 The present invention further provides the use of azole compounds of the formula (I) as stabilizers in formulations comprising iodine-containing biocides and in technical products to counter chemical degradation reactions and colour changes. The azole compounds of the formula (I) can be used in particular for suppressing or at least retarding the chemical degradation of iodine-containing biocides in active compound formulations, 10 more particularly coating materials such as paints, varnishes, primers, impregnating systems, stains and other industrial materials. The azole compounds of the formula (I) which can be used in accordance with the invention for stabilizing iodine-containing biocides have a good stabilizing activity especially in alkyd resin-based systems such as coating materials which comprise transition metal dryers. 15 The present invention further provides the use of azole compounds of the formula (I) for stabilizing iodine-containing biocides in alkyd resin-based coating materials which comprise transition metal dryers. The coating materials used in accordance with the invention are especially paints, varnishes, primers, impregnating systems and stains which comprise binders based on alkyd resins. 20 The alkyd resins present in the coating materials are generally polycondensation resins formed from polyols, polybasic carboxylic acids and/or their anhydrides and fatty oils, or free natural and/or synthetic fatty acids. The alkyd resins may optionally have been chemically modified as well. The stated polyols are preferably glycerol, pentaerythritol, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane 25 and various diols such as ethane-/propanediol, diethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol. The stated polybasic carboxylic acids and/or their anhydrides are preferably phthalic acid, phthalic anhydride, maleic anhydride, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, trimellitic anhydride, adipic acid, azelaic acid or sebacic acid. The stated oils or fatty acids are generally linseed oil, oiticica oil, tung oil, soya oil, sunflower oil, 30 safflower oil, ricinene oil, tall oil, castor oil, coconut oil, peanut oil, their fatty acids, and also synthetic monocarboxylic acids.
    WO 2007/101549 PCT/EP2007/001480 -17 The alkyd resins can optionally also be modified with natural resins, phenolic resins, acrylic resins, styrene, epoxy resins, silicone resins, isocyanates, polyamides or aluminium alkoxides. The alkyd resins generally have a molar mass of 500 to 100 000. The molar mass is preferably 1000 to 50 000 and more preferably 1500 to 20 000. 5 The alkyd resins are generally present at 1 % to 80%, preferably at 2% to 70% and with particular preference at 3% to 60% by weight in the coating materials, preferably paints, varnishes, primers, impregnating systems or stains. The transition metal dryers are used in order to accelerate the drying and the curing of oxidatively drying alkyd resin paints. Used here in accordance with the invention preferably are the salts of 10 transition metals of groups Vb, VIb, VI/b, VIII and Ib of the chemical periodic system. Preferably they are the salts of cobalt, manganese, vanadium, nickel, copper and iron, more particularly cobalt, manganese, iron and vanadium. In this context they are not necessarily used only alone, but in some cases also in combination with non-transition metal salts, such as lead, calcimn or zirconium, for example. 15 The transition metal salts are generally composed of the salts of the stated transition metals that are soluble in organic solvents. In principle they may be the salts of all carboxylic acids that have good compatability with the alkyd resin binders and that ensure sufficient solubility of the metal salt. Preference is given to using the transition metal salts of fatty acids, such as oleates or linoleates, of resin acids, such as resinates, or salts of 2-ethylhexanoic acid (octoates). Preferred transition metal 20 dryers are cobalt octoate and cobalt naphthenate. The amounts of dryers in the coating materials based on alkyd resins can be varied within a wide range and are guided, for example, by the nature and concentration of the alkyd resin binder and the other paint constituents and also the desired drying characteristics of the paint. The amount of dryers required can be determined by means of routine experiments. Generally speaking, 0.001% 25 to 1%, preferably 0.005% to 0.5% and very preferably 0.01% to 0.1% by weight of dryer is used, based in each case on the amount of binder. In the context of the inventive use, generally 1% to 150% by weight of at least one compound of the formula (I), preferably 2% to 100% by weight, more particularly 5% to 80% by weight, based on the iodine-containing biocide, is added. 30 The iodine-containing biocides for stabilization in the context of the inventive use are the compounds set out specifically and generally above. The inventive use of azole compounds of the formula (I) is used in particular to stabilize IPBC in alleyd resin-based coating materials which WO 2007/101549 PCT/EP2007/001480 -18 comprise transition metal dryers. In the context of the inventive use it is preferred to employ coating materials with the following composition: Colour pigments: generally 0% to 50%, preferably 0% to 45%, with particular preference 0% to 5 40% by weight. Alkyd resin binder: generally 1% to 80%, preferably 2% to 70%, with particular preference 3% to 60% by weight. Iodine-containing biocide: generally 0.01% to 5%, preferably 0.05% to 3%, with particular preference 0.1% to 2% by weight, 10 Compound of formula (I): generally 0.001% to 5%, preferably 0.05% to 3%, with particular preference 0.01% to 2% by weight. The coating materials may further comprise fillers, anti-skinning agents, rheological additives such as anti-settling agents and thixotropic agents, for example, further biocides such as fungicides, bactericides, anti-fouling agents and algicides, solvents, in-process additives, plasticizers, UV 15 stabilizers and heat stabilizers, and corrosion inhibitors, in typical amounts known to the person skilled in the art. Iodine-containing biocides are degraded in particular in the presence of the dryers described in more detail above. Although the strongest effects are observed in the presence of these dryers, a series of other paint components also have a destabilizing effect on iodine-containing biocides. 20 These include organic and inorganic pigments, fillers, anti-skinning agents, rheological additives such as anti-settling agents and thixotropic agents, for example, further biocides such as fungicides, bactericides, anti-fouling agents and algicides, solvents, in-process additives, plasticizers, UV stabilizers and heat stabilizers, corrosion inhibitors, etc. Here as well the imidazoles, triazoles or tetrazoles of the formula (I) display a strongly stabilizing effect. 25 The stabilizing effect in accordance with the invention of azole compounds of the formula (I) is, however, not restricted solely to active compound formulations, paints, varnishes and stains, but also includes the stabilization of iodine-containing biocides in other media, such as, for example, plastics, sealants, adhesives, sizes, cooling lubricants, active compound concentrates and formulations. 30 The stabilizing effect of the azole compounds of the formula (I) is independent of the way in which WO 2007/101549 PCT/EP2007/001480 -19 they are added. For example, the stabilizer can be added directly or as a solution, suspension or emulsion to the medium containing the iodine-containing biocide. Alternatively the stabilizer can be added to the biocide formulation or to the biocide concentrate, which additionally has the advantage that the iodine-containing biocide is protected against degradation not only in the 5 eventual medium but also in the active compound formulation itself. In addition it is also possible, in the use of the invention, to add further stabilizers as well, such as, for example, the chelating reagents specified in WO 98/22543 or the organic epoxides specified in WO 00/16628. In this case, synergistic effects are often observed. An additional possibility, in the use of the invention, is also to add one or more stabilizers from the 10 group of antioxidants, free-radical scavengers and UV absorbers, which in some cases exhibit synergistic activities. Examples of other stabilizers include the following: sterically hindered phenols, such as 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2-tert-butyl-4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-di-cyclopentyl-4-methyl 15 phenol, 2-(a-methylcyclobexyl)-4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-di-octadecyl-4-methylphenol or 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxymethylphenol, diethyl (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)phosphonate, 2,4-dimethyl-6-(1 -methylpentadecyl)phenol, 2-methyl-4,6-bis[(octylthio)methyl]phenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol, 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, 2,5-di-tert-amylhydroquinone, 2,6-diphenyl-4-octadecyloxyphenol, 2,2'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-thio 20 bis(4-octylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-3-methylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-2-methyl phenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-cyclohexyl phenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-ethylidenebis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 4,4'-methylenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 4,4'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol), 1,1-bis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy2-methylphenyl)butane, 1,1,3-tris(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methyl 25 phenyl)butane, 1,3,5-tri(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene, isooctyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylmercaptoacetate, 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) isocyanurate, 1,3,5-tris(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl) isocyanurate, 1,3,5-tris[(3,5-di tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionyloxyethyl] isocyanurate, dioctadecyl 3,5-di-tert butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate, calcium monoethyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl 30 phosphonate, N,N'-di-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hexamethylenediamine, N,N'-di-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)trimethylenediamine, N,N'-di-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hydrazine, 3,9-bis[ 1,1 -dimethyl-2-[(3-tert butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propionyloxy]ethyl]-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane, WO 2007/101549 PCT/EP2007/001480 - 20 bis[3,3-bis(4'-hydroxy-3'-tert-butylphenyl)butanoic acid]ethylene glycol ester, 2,6-bis[[3-(1,1 dimethylethyl)-2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl]octahydro-4,7-methano-1 H-indenyl]-4-methylphenol (= Wingstay 1), 2,4-bis(n-octylthio)-6-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylamino)-s-triazine, N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)octadecaneamide, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl 3',5'-di-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxy 5 benzoate, (benzoic acid, 3,5-bis(1,1 -dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxy-, hexadecyl ester), 3-hydroxyphenyl benzoate, 2,2'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol) monoacrylate, 2-(1,1-dimethylethyl) 6-[ 1 -[3-(1,1 -dimethylethyl)-5-( 1,1 -dimethylpropyl)-2-hydroxyphenyl]ethyl]-4-( 1,1 -dimethyl propyl)phenyl ester, Esters of 8-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid with monohydric or polyhydric 10 alcohols such as, for example, with methanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, trishydroxyethyl isocyanurate or dihydroxyethyloxalamide, Esters of 1-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)propionic acid with monohydric or polyhydric alcohols such as, for example, with methanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, 15 thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, trishydroxyethyl isocyanurate or dihydroxyethyloxalamide. Hindered amines, such as bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl) 2-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2-butylmalonate, bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)decanedioate, dimethyl succinate- 1 -(2-hydroxyethyl) 20 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine copolymer, poly[[6-[(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)amino] 1,3 ,5-triazine-2,4-diyl][(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)imino]hexamethylene[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl 4-piperidyl)imino]] (CAS No. 71878-19-8), 1,5,8,12-tetrakis[4,6-bis(n-butyl-n-1,2,2,6,6-penta methyl-4-piperidylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]-1,5,8,12-tetraazadodecane (CAS No. 106990-43-6), bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)decanedioate, bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl) 25 2-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2-butylmalonate, decanedioic acid, bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl 4-piperidinyl) ester, reaction products with tert-butyl hydroperoxide and octane (CAS No. 129757 67-1), Chimasorb 2020 (CAS No. 192268-64-7), poly[[6-morpholino-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl] [(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)imino]-1 ,6-hexanediyl[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl) imino]], poly[[6-(4-morpholinyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl][(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidinyl) 30 imino]-1,6-hexanediyl[(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidinyl)imino]] (9CI), 3-dodecyl-l1-(2,2,6,6 tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione, 3-dodecyl- 1 -(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl) pyrrolidine-2,5-dione, 4-octadecanoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, poly[[6-(cyclohexyl amino)- 1,3,5 -triazine-2,4-diyl][(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)imino]- 16-hexanediyl[(2,2,6,6- WO 2007/101549 PCT/EP2007/001480 -21 tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)imino]], 1H,4H,5H,8H-2,3a,4a,6,7a,8a-hexaazacyclopenta[def]fluorene 4,8-dione, hexahydro-2,6-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)- (CAS No. 109423-00-9), N,N'-bis(formyl)-N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-1,6-hexanediamine, N-(tetramethyl 4-piperidinyl)maleimide-C20-24-a-olefin copolymer (CAS No. 199237-39-3), tetrakis(1,2,2,6,6 5 pentamethyl-4-piperidyl) 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylate, tetrakis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylate, 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidinyl tridecyl 1,2,3,4-butane tetracarboxylate, (1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl tridecyl ester), (2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane-3,9-diethanol, P,P,P',P'-tetramethyl-, polymer with 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid) (CAS No. 115055-30-6), 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-21-oxo-7-oxa 10 3,20-diazadispiro[5.1.11.2]heneicosane, (7-oxa-3,20-diazadispiro[5.1.11.2]heneicosane 20-propanoic acid, 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-21-oxo-, tetradecyl ester), (7-oxa-3,20-diazadispiro [5.1.11.2]heneicosan-21 -one, 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-20-(oxiranylmethyl)-), (propanamide, N-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)-3-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)amino]-), (1,3-propane diamine, N,N"'-1,2-ethanediylbis-, polymer with 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine, reaction products 15 with N-butyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinamine) (CAS No. 136504-96-6), 1,1 '-ethylene bis(3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-2-piperazinone), (piperazinone, 1,1',1 "-[1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyltris [(cyclohexylimino)-2,1 -ethanediyl]]tris[3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-), (7-oxa-3,20-diazadispiro[5.1.11.2] heneicosane-20-propanoic acid, 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-21-oxo-, dodecyl ester), 1,1 -bis(1,2,2,6,6 pentamethyl-4-piperidyloxycarbonyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethene, (2-propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 20 methyl ester, polymer with 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl 2-propenoate) (CAS No. 154636-12 1), (propanamide, 2-methyl-N-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)-2-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4 piperidinyl)amino]-), (D-glucitol, 1,3:2,4-bis-O-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinylidene)-) (CAS No. 99473-08-2), N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)isophthalamide, 4-hydroxy 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 1 -allyl-4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 25 1 -benzyl-4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 1-(4-tert-butyl-2-butenyl) 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 4-stearoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 1-ethyl 4-salicyloyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 4-methacryloyloxy-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidine, 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl -(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, 1-benzyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl maleate, (di-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) adipate, 30 (di-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate, (di-1,2,3,3,6-tetramethyl-2,6-diethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate, (di-1 -allyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) phthalate, 1-propargyl-4-03-cyanoethyl oxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 1-acetyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl acetate, trimellitic acid tri(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) ester, 1-acryloyl-4-benzyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidine, dibutyl-malonic acid di(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl) ester, 35 butyl(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)malonic acid di(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl) ester, dibenzylmalonic acid di(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl) ester, dibenzylmalonic acid WO 2007/101549 PCT/EP2007/001480 -22 di(1,2,3,6-tetramethyl-2,6-diethylpiperidin-4-yl) ester, hexane-1 ',6'-bis- (4-carbamoyl oxy-I -n-butyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine), toluene-2',4'-bis(4-carbamoyloxy-1-n-propyl 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine), dimethyl-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-oxy)silane, phenyl-tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-oxy)silane, tris(1-propyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl 5 piperidin-4-yl) phosphite, tris(l -propyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) phosphate, phenyl[bis(1,2,2,6,6- pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl)phosphonate, di(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin 4-yl) sebacate, N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)hexamethylene-1,6-diamnine, N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)hexamethylene-1,6-diacetamide, 1-acetyl-4-(N-cyclohexylacetamido)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 4-benzylamino-2,2,6,6-tetra 10 methylpiperidine, N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N,N'-dibutyladipamide, N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N,N'-dicyclohexyl(2-hydroxypropylene), N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-p-xylylenediamine, 4-(bis-2-hydroxy ethyl)amino-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidine, 4-(3-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-tert-butyl-benzoic acidamido)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 4-methacrylamino-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidine, 15 9-aza-8,8,10,10-tetramethyl-1,5-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane, 9-aza-8,8,10,10-tetramethyl-3-ethyl 1,5-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane, 8-aza-2,7,7,8,9,9-hexamethyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decane, 9-aza-3-hydroxymethyl-3-ethyl-8,8,9,10,10-pentamethyl-1-5-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane, 9-aza-3-ethyl-3-acetoxymethyl-9-acetyl-8,8,10,10-tetramethyl-1,5-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-spiro-2'-( ',3'-dioxane)-5'-spiro-5"-(1 ",3"-dioxane)-2"-spiro 20 4"-(2"',2"',6"',6"'-tetramethylpiperidine)-3-benzyl-1,3,8-triaza-7,7,9,9-tetra methyl-spiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione, 3-n-octyl- 1,3,8-triaza-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-spiro [4.5]decane-2,4-dione, 3-allyl-1,3,8-triaza- 1,7,7,9,9-pentamethyl-spiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione, 3-glycidyl-1,3,8-triaza-7,7,8,9,9- pentamethyl-spiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione, 2-isopropyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl- 1 -oxa-3,8-diaza-4-oxyspiro[4.5]decane, 25 2-butyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1 -oxa-3,8-diaza-4-oxyspiro[4.5]decane, 2-isopropyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl- 1 -oxa-4,8-diaza-oxyspiro[4.5]decane, 2-butyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1 -oxa-4,8-diaza-3-oxyspiro[4.5]decane, bis[-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidino)ethyl] sebacate, a-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidino)acetic acid n-octyl ester, 1,4-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidino)-2-butene, N-hydroxymethyl-N'-2,2,6,6-tetra 30 methylpiperidin-4-ylurea, N-methoxymethyl-N'-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-ylurea, N-methoxymethyl-N'-n-dodecyl- N'-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-ylurea, O-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidin-4-yl)-N-methoxymethylurethane, phosphites and phosphonates, such as tris(nonylphenyl) phosphite, tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, bis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) 35 pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, WO 2007/101549 PCT/EP2007/001480 -23 2,2'-methylenebis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenyl) octyl phosphite, tetrakis(2,4-di-tert butylphenyl)[l 1 '-biphenyl]-4,4'-diylbisphosphonite, 2,2'-ethylidenebis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenyl) fluorophosphite, dioctadecyl pentaerythritol diphosphonite, 2-[[2,4,8,10-tetrakis(1,1-dimethyl ethyl)dibenzo[d,f] [1,3,2]dioxaphosphin-6-yl]oxy]-N,N-bis[2-[[2,4,8,10-tetrakis( 1,1 -dimethyl 5 ethyl)dibenzo[d,fJ [1,3,2]dioxaphosphin-6-yl]oxy]ethyl]ethanamine (CAS No. 80410-33-9), bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl) ethyl phosphite, 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenyl- 2-butyl-2-ethyl 1,3-propanediol phosphite, bis(2,4-dicumylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite, hydroxylamines, such as amines, bis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl), oxidized, 10 secondary arylamines, such as N-(2-naphthyl)-N-phenylamine, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline polymer (CAS No. 26780 96-1), N-2-propyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-(1-naphthyl)-N-phenylamine, (benzenamine, N-phenyl-, reaction products with 2,4,4-trimethylpentene) (CAS No. 68411-46-1), 4-(1-methyl 1 -phenylethyl)-N-[4-(1-methyl-I -phenylethyl)phenyl]aniline. 15 Lactones and benzofuranones, such as Irganox liP 136 (CAS No. 181314-48-7) thioethers and thioesters, such as distearyl 3,3-thiodipropionate, dilauryl 3,3'-thiodipropionate, ditetradecyl thiodipropionate, di-n-octadecyl disulphide. 20 UV absorbers, such as (methanone, [methylenebis(hydroxymethoxyphenylene)]bis[henyl-), (methanone, [1,6-hexane diylbis[oxy(2-hydroxy-4,1-phenylene)]]bis[henyl-), 2-benzoyl-5-methoxyphenol, 2,4-dihydroxy benzophenone, 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-octyloxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-dodecyloxybenzophenone, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-hexyloxyphenyl)-4,6-diphenyl 25 1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-6-(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-ethoxy-2'-ethyloxalic acid bisanilide, N-(5-tert-butyl-2-ethoxyphenyl)-N'-(2-ethylphenyl) oxamide, dimethyl (p-methoxybenzylidene)malonate, 2,2'-(1,4-phenylene)bis[3,1-benzoxazin 4-one], N'-(4-ethoxycarbonylphenyl)-N-methyl-N-phenylformamidine, 4-methoxycinnamic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester, 4-methoxycinnamic acid isoamyl ester, 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulphonic 30 acid, 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester, 2-ethylhexyl salicylate, 3-(4-methyl- WO 2007/101549 PCT/EP2007/001480 - 24 benzylidene)bornan-2-one, complexing agents, such as ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA), ethylenediamine, acetylacetone, nitrotriacetic acid, ethylene glycol bis(3-aminoethyl ether)-N,N-tetraacetic acid, 2,2'-bipyridine, 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine, 5 2,2',6',2"-terpyridine, 4,4'-diphenyl-2,2'-bipyridine, 2,2'-bipyridine-3,3'-diol, 1,10-phenanthroline, 4-methyl- 1,10-phenanthroline, 5-methyl- 1,10-phenanthroline, 4,7-dimethyl- 1,10-phenanthroline, 5,6-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, 4,7-diphenyl 1,10-phenanthroline, 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylene diamine, 2-hydroxyquinoline, 8-hydroxyquinoline, 2-hydroxy-4-methylquinaldine, 5-chloro 10 8-hydroxyquinoline, 5,7-dichloro-8-hydroxyquinoline, 2,4-quinolinediol, 2-quinalonethiol, 8-quinolinethiol, 8-aminoquinoline, 2,2'-biquinoline, 2-quinoxalinol, 3-methyl-2-quinoxalinol, 2,3-dihydroxyquinoxaline, 2-mercaptopyridine, 2-dimethylaminopyridine, 1,2-bis(dimethyl phosphino)ethane, 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane, 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane, polyaspartic acid, iminodisuccinate, 15 or else further imidazoles, triazoles or tetrazoles of the formula (I). The azole compounds of the formula (1), where appropriate in a mixture with one or more of the stabilizers mentioned above, protect the iodine-containing biocides from decomposition not only in the liquid paint, but also, additionally, have a stabilizing activity on the iodine-containing biocides in the dry paint film and an activity against decomposing effects induced by light. 20 The amount of azole compounds of the formula (I) needed in order to stabilize the iodine containing biocide in a technical medium can be determined by means of routine experiments and is guided both by the nature and concentration of the iodine-containing biocide and by the nature and amount of additives in the technical medium, such as the paint or formulation. In the case of alkyd resin-based systems such as coating materials, the amount of azole compounds 25 of the formula (I) which must be used in order to stabilize is dependent on the nature and amount of the dryer employed, of the alkyd resins, and of further constituents in the paint formulation. In the case of alkyd resin paints the amount must be set such that, while the iodine-containing biocides do not undergo degradation, the actual effect of the dryer is not suppressed either. In other media, the application amount must be set so that, although stabilization is observed, the properties 30 of the medium are not altered. In the industrial media the azole compounds of the formula (I) are used generally in concentrations WO 2007/101549 PCT/EP2007/001480 - 25 of 0.001% by weight to 5% by weight, based on the total amount of the paint. Preferably the imidazoles, triazoles or tetrazoles of the formula (I) are used in concentrations of 0.005% to 3% and with particular preference between 0.01% and 2% by weight. In active compound formulations and concentrates, the azole compounds of the formula (I) are 5 used in larger amounts. Use is made in general of 0.5% to 50%, preferably 1% to 40% and with particular preference 2% to 30% by weight of azole compounds of the formula (I), based on the amount of formulation or amount of concentrate. Example A: A solution was prepared in Dowanol TPM (tripropylene glycol methyl ether), containing 10% by 10 weight of iodopropargyl butylcarbamate, 5% by weight of Octasoligen-Cobalt 8 (Borchers, Langenfeld, Germany) and 5% by weight of the azole compounds of the formula (I) specified as a stabilizer in Table 1. The mixture was stored at 40'C. The amount of IPBC was determined by means of IHPLC at the beginning and after two weeks. Example Stabilizer Amount of Amount of Remark No. IPBC (start) IPBC (2 weeks, 40 0 C) none 10.3 % 2.2 % comparison without stabilizer 1 N-N 10.2% 9.0% N SH H 2 N-N 9.9% 8.9% HS -,N OH H 3 N-N 9.7% 9.5% N -NH2 H 4 N-N 9.7% 9.7%
    H
    2 N'-N >NH 2 H 15 Example B Incorporated by vigorous stirring (using, for example, a dissolver) into a woodstain whose composition was as specified below was 1% of IPBC and the amount specified in the table of azole WO 2007/101549 PCT/EP2007/001480 - 26 compound of the formula (I) as a stabilizer. The composition was stored at 40 0 C. The amount of IPBC was determined by means of HPLC at the beginning and after one month. Example Stabilizer Amount of Amount Amount Remark No. stabilizer of IPBC of IPBC (start) (2 weeks, 40 0 C) none 0.98 % 0.25 % comparison without stabilizer 5 N-N 0.2% 0.99% 0.90% N SH H 6 N-N 0.5 % 1.01 % 0.81 % HS N OH H 7 N-N 0.05% 1.05% 0.98% N NH 2 H 8 N-N 0.1% 1.02% 0.80%
    H
    2 N N INH 2 H Composition of the preservative woodstain used: 5 Alkydal F 681, 75% strength in white spirit 28% 2-Phenoxyethanol 3% Dowanol DPM 3% Solvesso 150 10% BHT, 1% in Kristalloel K 60 2% 10 Octa Soligen Co 8% 0.19% Octa Soligen Zr 18% 1.4% Kristalloel 60 52.41%
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1] 1. Active compound mixtures comprising at least one iodine-containing biocide and at least one azole compound of the formula (I) or tautomer thereof, X-Y // \ (I) R N H 5 in which Ri is hydrogen, hydroxyl, mercapto or optionally substituted amino and X, Y and Z independently of one another are N or C-R 2 in which 10 R 2 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, mercapto or optionally substituted amino.
    [2] 2. Mixture according to Claim 1, characterized in that it comprises at least one compound of the formula (I) or tautomer thereof, in which R' is hydrogen, hydroxyl, mercapto, amino, C 1 -C 3 -alkylamino or di 15 Cl-C 3 -alkylamino, and X, Y and Z independently of one another are N or C-R 2 in which R 2 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, mercapto, amino, CI-C 3 -alkylamino or di 20 C 1 -C 3 -alkylamino.
    [3] 3. Mixture according to at least one of Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that as iodine containing biocide it comprises at least one iodoalkynyl compound or compounds in which one or more iodine atoms are attached to double bond systems, or a compound in which one or more iodine atoms are attached to a singly bonded carbon atom. WO 2007/101549 PCT/EP2007/001480 -28
    [4] 4. Mixture according to at least one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it contains 0.01%-70% by weight of at least one iodine-containing biocide and 0.001%-50% by weight of at least one azole compound of the general formula (I).
    [5] 5. Microbicidal composition comprising an active compound mixture according to at least 5 one of Claims 1 to 4 and at least one solvent or diluent and also, optionally, processing assistants and, optionally, further antimicrobial compounds.
    [6] 6. Use of a mixture according to Claim I or of a composition according to Claim 5 for protecting industrial materials from infestation and/or destruction by microorganisms.
    [7] 7. Use of azole compounds of the formula (I) or tautomers thereof, X-Y R ....- N ,,eZ 10 H in which R' is hydrogen, hydroxyl, mercapto or optionally substituted amino and X, Y and Z independently of one another are N or C-R , 15 in which R 2 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, mercapto or optionally substituted amino. for stabilizing iodine-containing biocides against chemical degradation reactions.
    [8] 8. Use according to Claim 7, characterized in that the iodine-containing biocides are stabilized in industrial materials. 20
    [9] 9. Use according to Claim 7, characterized in that the iodine-containing biocides are stabilized in paints based on alkyd resin binders which comprise transition metal dryers.
    [10] 10. Industrial materials comprising at least one iodine-containing biocide and also at least one azole compound of the formula (I) or tautomer thereof, WO 2007/101549 PCT/EP2007/001480 - 29 X-Y \ (I) H in which R ' is hydrogen, hydroxyl, mercapto or optionally substituted amino and 5 X, Y and Z independently of one another are N or C-R 2 in which R 2 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, mercapto or optionally substituted amino.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    JP4943459B2|2012-05-30|
    US7943644B2|2011-05-17|
    WO2007101549A1|2007-09-13|
    MX2008011374A|2008-09-22|
    JP2009529013A|2009-08-13|
    US20090192219A1|2009-07-30|
    DE102006010199A1|2007-09-13|
    EP1993362A1|2008-11-26|
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    法律状态:
    2013-09-19| MK4| Application lapsed section 142(2)(d) - no continuation fee paid for the application|
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102006010199.5||2006-03-06||
    DE200610010199|DE102006010199A1|2006-03-06|2006-03-06|Stabilization of iodine-containing biocides by special azole compounds|
    PCT/EP2007/001480|WO2007101549A1|2006-03-06|2007-02-21|Stabilization of iodine-containing biocides by means of special azole compounds|
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