• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a method for producing a plain bearing bush (4), in which a planar supporting metal layer (8) is provided on which a sliding layer (9) is arranged for producing a planar composite material, and then the composite material is shaped into the shape of the plain bearing bush (4 ) is rolled so that in the plain bearing bush (4), the support metal layer (8) is located radially within the sliding layer (9). The two abutting end faces of the rolled plain bearing bush (4) are welded together in the axial direction to form a weld (16). An oil groove (17) is formed at a distance from the weld (16) which is between 0.5% and 10% of the outer circumference of the running surface of the sliding layer (9). In the oil groove (17) opens a lubricant supply line, for which purpose in the support metal layer (8) and optionally in the sliding layer (9) has a corresponding bore (19) is formed. Furthermore, the invention relates to a plain bearing bush (4) produced by this method.
    公开号:AT519938A1
    申请号:T50341/2017
    申请日:2017-04-26
    公开日:2018-11-15
    发明作者:Ing Dr Johannes Sebastian Hölzl Dipl
    申请人:Miba Gleitlager Austria Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Summary
    The invention relates to a method for producing a plain bearing bush (4) according to which a flat supporting metal layer (8) is provided, a sliding layer (9) is arranged on this supporting metal layer (8) to produce a flat composite material, and then the flat composite material is placed in the mold the plain bearing bush (4) is rolled in such a way that the supporting metal layer (8) is arranged radially below the sliding layer (9) in the plain bearing bush (4). The invention further relates to a plain bearing bush (4) produced by this method.
    Fig. 3/21
    N2017 / 01500 AT-00
    The invention relates to a method for producing a plain bearing bush according to which a flat supporting metal layer is provided, a sliding layer is arranged on this supporting metal layer for producing a flat composite material, and then the flat composite material is rolled into the shape of the plain bearing bush.
    The invention further relates to a rolled plain bearing bush made of a composite material comprising a supporting metal layer and a sliding layer.
    The invention also relates to an axle, in particular a planet gear journal for a wind turbine gearbox, with a plain bearing bush.
    In addition, the invention relates to a wind turbine gearbox with at least one gear, which is mounted on an axis, wherein a bearing point with a plain bearing bush is arranged between the gear and the axis.
    Plain bearing bushes are generally designed in such a way that the bearing material is attached to the inside of the bush. This means that the sleeve is never shrunk onto the shaft, but is pressed into the bearing holder.
    In the wind energy sector, however, it is also known from EP 2 383 480 A1 that a plain bearing bush is non-rotatably connected to an axis. In this publication, a planetary gear for a wind turbine with at least one sun gear, a ring gear and a planet carrier, in which a plurality of planet gears are mounted, is described. There are several radial plain bearings for supporting the planet gears, each with a sleeve from a plain bearing mechanism / 21
    N2017 / 01500-AT-00 include material that is attached as an inner ring on the planet gear axis, an associated bearing outer ring is formed by the bore of the planet gear. Copper-zinc alloys, copper-tin alloys and aluminum-tin alloys are described as plain bearing materials. It is further described that an economical plain bearing realization results if the plain bearing material is roll-plated onto a steel support body. However, this publication contains no indication of the radial sequence in which the individual layers are arranged. In particular, the drawings do not result in a multilayer structure for the plain bearing bushes for the person skilled in the art, but only a single-layer material. It is therefore clear to the person skilled in the art that in view of the general specialist knowledge outlined above, the multilayer design variant of the plain bearing bushing forms the radially inner layer of the plain bearing material.
    From AT 513 743 A4 a wind turbine gearbox with at least one gear wheel, which is mounted on an axis, wherein a bearing point with a plain bearing is arranged between the gear wheel and the axis. The plain bearing is designed in particular as a plain bearing bush and can be connected to the axle or the gear in a rotationally fixed manner. The plain bearing bush is also designed as a multi-layer plain bearing.
    The present invention is based on the object of reducing or avoiding creep phenomena in a plain bearing bush which is arranged in a rotationally fixed manner on an axis, in particular when it is used in a wind turbine transmission.
    The object of the invention is achieved with the slide bearing bush mentioned at the outset, in which the supporting metal layer is arranged in the radial direction below the sliding layer.
    Furthermore, the object of the invention is achieved with the above-mentioned axis, in which the plain bearing bush is designed according to the invention.
    / 21
    N2017 / 01500 AT-00
    The object of the invention is also achieved with the wind turbine gearbox mentioned in the introduction, in which the axis is designed according to the invention.
    In addition, the object of the invention is achieved with the above-mentioned method, according to which the flat composite material is rolled in such a way that the supporting metal layer is arranged radially below the sliding layer in the slide bearing bush.
    It is advantageous here that the material combination of steel and hard backing metal layer, in particular steel, is obtained relatively inexpensively by the inverse rolling of the flat composite material to the slide bearing bush on the axis. Creeping or relaxation phenomena in the area of the rotationally fixed connection of the plain bearing bush to the axle can thus be prevented or reduced more easily. In addition, the advantage is achieved that the flat composite material is rolled over the hardest material of the composite material, as a result of which reworking of the plain bearing bush can be reduced. This also makes it easier to carry out repair work on the slide bearing bush in the wind turbine gearbox, since the axis of the gearbox is easier to access (compared to removing the gearwheels of the gearbox). This makes it possible to more easily correct or correct any creep that may occur in the softer layer (s) of the slide bearing bush.
    The plain bearing bush can have a weld seam in an axial direction. The dimensional stability of the plain bearing bush can be improved by the integral connection of the two open ends of the rolled-in composite material. Compared to latched versions, the integral connection can provide a more homogeneous sliding surface for the plain bearing bush.
    According to an embodiment variant, it can be provided that the slide bearing bush has an oil groove running in the axial direction in addition to the weld seam. Although it would be obvious in itself to form the oil groove at least partially in the weld seam, since this would result in material changes due to the welding
    N2017 / 01500-AT-00 Changes to the surface of the sliding layer can be removed and the post-processing of the weld seam itself can be done in one operation, the arrangement of the oil groove next to the weld seam offers the advantage that the entire sliding layer and, if necessary, a for the production of the weld seam Part of the support metal layer to form a groove in which is welded, can be removed more easily. The oil groove itself can be designed as a "closed groove", i.e. that it does not extend over the entire width in the axial direction of the plain bearing bush, that is, not to the lateral end faces. It is therefore better to avoid oil loss due to side leakage.
    For the reasons mentioned above, the plain bearing bush is non-rotatably connected to the axis, in particular shrunk onto it.
    It can further be provided that a lubricant supply line is formed in the axis and that a bore is formed in the supporting metal layer of the slide bearing bushing which opens into an oil groove in the axial direction in the sliding layer. The lubricant supply system for the bearing points can be simplified by the lubricant supply via the axis, as a result of which the wind turbine gearbox can be made more compact.
    For a better understanding of the invention, this will be explained in more detail with reference to the following figures.
    Each show in a highly simplified, schematic representation:
    1 shows a cross section through a section of a wind turbine gearbox.
    2 shows an axis in an oblique view;
    Fig. 3 shows a section through a plain bearing bush.
    In the introduction, it should be noted that in the differently described embodiments, the same parts are provided with the same reference symbols or the same component designations, the disclosures contained in the entire description correspondingly referring to the same parts with the same reference symbols / 21
    N2017 / 01500-AT-00 or the same component names can be transferred. The location information selected in the description, e.g. above, below, to the side, etc., referring to the figure described and illustrated immediately, and if the position is changed, these are to be applied accordingly to the new position.
    1 shows a cross section through a section of a wind turbine transmission 1. The wind turbine transmission 1 is in particular in the form of a (simple) planetary gear.
    As is known, wind turbines comprise a tower at the upper end of which a nacelle is arranged, in which the rotor with the rotor blades is mounted. This rotor is functionally connected via a gearbox to a generator, which is also located in the nacelle, the low speed of the rotor being translated into a higher speed of the generator rotor via the gearbox. Since such designs of wind power plants belong to the prior art, reference is made to the relevant literature in this regard.
    The wind turbine transmission 1 has at least one gear 2. This gearwheel 2 is arranged in meshing engagement between a second and a third gearwheel (both not shown) in the wind turbine transmission 1. For this purpose, the at least one gear wheel 2 has an external spur toothing 3.
    In the embodiment of the wind turbine gearbox 1 as a planetary gear, in particular as the main gear of a wind turbine, the second gear is designed as a sun gear with spur gear teeth, which is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to a shaft that leads to the generator rotor. The sun gear is usually surrounded by a plurality of gear wheels 2, the planet wheels, for example two, preferably three or four.
    The third gearwheel is designed as a ring gear that surrounds the at least one gearwheel 2 or the gearwheels 2 in the radial direction and also has at least partially a toothing on an inner surface, which meshes with the outer end toothing 3 of the gearwheel 2 or the Gears 2/21
    N2017 / 01500-AT-00 stands. The ring gear is non-rotatably connected to a rotor shaft of the rotor of the wind turbine or non-rotatably connected to the housing of the wind turbine transmission 1.
    The toothing of the gearwheels in the wind turbine gearbox 1 can be designed as a straight toothing or helical toothing.
    The at least one gearwheel 2 (only one gearwheel 2 will be described in the following, whereby these designs can also be transferred to all or several gearwheels 2) is via several slide bearing bushes 4 on an axis 5, for example a planet pin (the so-called planetary axis ) stored. This axis 5, which can be seen better in FIG. 2, can be held in bores of a gear carrier 6.
    It should be pointed out that not only single-stage designs of such wind turbine gearboxes 1 are possible within the scope of the invention, but also multi-stage, for example two- or three-stage, for which purpose additional spur gear stages can be integrated in at least one gearwheel 2, in particular a planet. In addition, parallel gears can also be represented within the scope of the invention. which to this extent belongs to the objective description. Accordingly, the wind turbine transmission 1 can have a simple planetary gear and a parallel two- or multi-stage planetary gear or generally several planetary gears.
    Furthermore, it should be noted that, although preferred, the invention is not only used in planetary gearboxes of wind power plants, but can generally be used in gearboxes for wind power plants, in particular for translating the slow speed of the rotor of a wind power plant into a higher speed. Other applications of the plain bearing bush 4 described in more detail below are also possible within the scope of the invention.
    The plain bearing bushes 4 are spaced apart from one another in the axial direction, forming an intermediate space 7.
    The plain bearing bushes 4 are rotatably connected to the axis 5. For the rotationally fixed connection, the plain bearing bushes 4 are in particular placed on the axis 5
    N2017 / 01500-AT-00 shrinks (press fit). However, other methods for producing the non-rotatable connection are also possible. For example, the plain bearing bushes 4 can be welded to the axis 4 or connected via pins. The plain bearing bushes 4 can thus be positively and / or non-positively and / or non-positively connected to the axis 4.
    The plain bearing bushes 4 are designed as multi-layer plain bearings, as can be seen in particular from FIG. 3.
    The slide bearing bushes 4 consist of a support metal layer 8 and a slide layer 9, which is applied to the support layer 8. The sliding layer 9 forms a running surface for the gear 2 or the component to be stored. In contrast to conventional plain bearing bushes, the supporting metal layer 8 is located in the radial direction below the sliding layer 9, so that it is in direct contact with the surface of the axis 4 against which it lies or with which it is connected in a rotationally fixed manner. The sliding layer 9 is therefore the radially outermost layer.
    In addition to this two-layer design of the sliding bearing bushes 4, there is also the possibility that intermediate layers are arranged between the sliding layer 9 and the supporting metal layer 8, for example a bearing metal layer 10, as is indicated by the broken line in FIG. 3. Furthermore, at least one binding layer and / or at least one diffusion barrier layer can be arranged between the supporting metal layer 8 and the sliding layer 9 and / or between the bearing metal layer 10 and the sliding layer 9 and / or between the supporting metal layer 8 and the bearing metal layer 10. There is also the possibility that a wear layer or a running-in layer is arranged on the sliding layer 9, which in this case forms the radially outermost layer.
    The respective layers can be connected directly to one another, so that for example the support metal layer 8 is connected directly to the sliding layer 9 or the bearing metal layer 10 or a binding layer or a diffusion barrier layer. The same applies correspondingly to another layer sequence in the context of the layers of the slide bearing bushes 4 mentioned above.
    / 21
    N2017 / 01500 AT-00
    The support metal layer 2 consists in particular of a steel back. However, it can also consist of another material which gives the slide bearing bushes 4 the required dimensional stability.
    The bearing metal layer 10 which may be present can consist, for example, of a (lead-free) copper or aluminum alloy or tin alloy. Examples of this are AlSn6CuNi, AlSn20Cu, AlSi4Cd, AlCd3CuNi, AlSi11 Cu, AlSn6Cu, AlSn40, AlSn25CuMn, AlSi11CuMgNi, CuSn10, CuAl10Fe5Ni5, CuZn31Si8S6Bb4S2S8S2Bb4S2S3S2B2B3S2S2S2B2B3S2S2S2B3S2B3S2B2S4B2B3S2B3S2B2B3S2B2S4B2S4.
    The sliding layer 9 can, for example, be made of a copper-lead alloy, for example CuPb22Sn2.5, or a copper-tin alloy, for example CuSn5Zn, or an aluminum-based alloy, for example AlSn20Cu, AlSn25Cu1.5Mn0.6, or from a sliding coating, for example based on polyamideimide with MoS2 and / or graphite.
    The wear layer 5 can consist, for example, of tin, lead, bismuth or a bismuth alloy, or a lubricating varnish, for example based on polyamideimide with MoS2 and / or graphite.
    The diffusion barrier layer and / or the binding layer can e.g. consist of Al, Mn, Ni, Fe, Cr, Co, Cu, Ag, Mo, Pd and NiSn or CuSn alloys.
    For the sake of completeness, it should be noted that the individual layers are composed differently, at least quantitatively, in particular also qualitatively,
    A thrust washer 11 can be provided between the slide bearing bushes 4 or the gearwheel 2 and the gearwheel carrier 6 in the axial course in each case next to a respective slide bearing bush 4.
    1 further shows a preferred embodiment variant of the lubricant supply to the running surfaces of the plain bearing bushes 4. For this purpose, lubricants, in particular lubricating oil, can be fed into areas 14 of FIG. 21 via a bore 12 or a channel-shaped recess in the axis 5, from a lubricant inlet 13, which is connected to a lubricant reservoir (not shown)
    N2017 / 01500 AT-00
    Treads of the plain bearing bushes 4 are supplied, of which then
    Lubricant distributed over at least approximately the entire tread. The bore 13 or the recess preferably has a plurality of sections, which in particular have either a radially outward-pointing or an axial course.
    As can be seen from FIG. 1, the bore 12 or the recess has at least one branch in order to achieve a distribution of the lubricant to all the bearing points, so that each of the two slide bearing bushes 4 thus has at least its own lubricant supply. If necessary, a plurality of lubricant outlets to the bearing point can be arranged distributed over the circumference of the slide bearing bushes 4, for example two or three or four, etc.
    The lubricant can only be supplied via axis 5.
    For better distribution of the lubricant over at least approximately the entire running surfaces, the intermediate space 7 is preferably connected to the ambient atmosphere via at least one connecting line 15. The connecting line 15 preferably runs in the axis 5, as can be seen from FIG. 1.
    Separate discharge lines (not shown) can be provided for the removal of the lubricant from the bearing areas. At least part of the lubricant can also be removed via the connecting line 15 in the axis 5.
    It should be mentioned that instead of two plain bearing bushes 4, only one or more than two plain bearing bushes 4 can also be used, in particular with regard to uses of the plain bearing bush 4 that differ from those of wind turbines.
    To produce the plain bearing bush 4, a flat (i.e. flat) support metal layer 8 or a corresponding flat support metal layer blank is provided. In order to produce a flat composite material, the sliding layer 9 is arranged on this flat supporting metal layer 8 and connected to the supporting metal layer 8 if no intermediate layers are arranged. If between 10/21
    N2017 / 01500-AT-00 layers are used, they are arranged one after the other on the flat supporting metal layer 8 in the correct order.
    The layer (s), in particular the sliding layer 9), can be connected to the bearing metal layer 8, in particular by rolling, for which purpose appropriate strips of the material are used for the further layer (s). However, other deposition methods are also possible, for example galvanic deposition or deposition using a PVD or CVD method.
    After the production of this flat composite material, it is rolled into the form of the slide bearing bush 4 in a rolling mill in such a way that the support metal layer 8 is arranged radially below the slide layer 9 in the slide bearing bush and the slide layer 9 forms the radially outer layer for forming the tread.
    According to another embodiment variant, it can be provided that the slide bearing bush 4 has a weld seam 16. After rolling in, the plain bearing bush 4 is still open in the area of the axial end faces. In order to connect these two end faces to one another, they are preferably welded to one another with or without additive. Before the welding, the sliding layer 9 is preferably removed over the entire thickness in the radial direction and, if appropriate, part of the supporting metal layer 8 to form a groove. The welding then takes place in this groove, in which case only the supporting metal layer 8 is welded.
    However, other connection methods are also possible, for example the two axial end faces can be latched together.
    According to a further embodiment variant, it can be provided that at least one oil groove 17 extending in the axial direction is or is formed in addition to the weld seam 16. The oil groove 17 is preferably arranged at a distance from the weld seam 16 that is between 0.5% and 10% of the outer circumference of the running surface of the sliding layer 9 (viewed in the axial direction).
    / 21
    N2017 / 01500 AT-00
    It is further preferred if the oil groove 17 ends before and at a distance from the axial end faces 18 of the slide bearing bush 4, that is to say they do not extend continuously over the entire running surface in the axial direction. The distance of the oil groove from the axial end faces 18 can be selected from a range of 2% and% of the total axial length of the slide bearing bush 4.
    If the at least one oil groove 17 is formed, the lubricant supply line, that is to say in particular its radial sections, opens into this oil groove 17, for which purpose a corresponding bore 19 is formed in the supporting metal layer 8 and optionally in the sliding layer 9, through which the lubricant is supplied.
    The exemplary embodiments show or describe possible design variants, it being noted at this point that various combinations of the individual design variants with one another are also possible.
    For the sake of order, it should finally be pointed out that, for a better understanding of the structure of the slide bearing bush 4 or of the wind turbine gearbox 1, these are not necessarily shown to scale.
    / 21
    N2017 / 01500 AT-00
    LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
    Wind Turbine Gearbox
    gear
    External spur gearing
    slide bearing bush
    axis
    gear carrier
    gap
    Metal base layer
    Overlay
    Bearing metal layer
    thrust washer
    drilling
    lubricant inlet
    Area
    connecting line
    Weld
    oil groove
    face
    Hole / 21
    N2017 / 01500 AT-00
    权利要求:
    Claims (8)
    [1]
    claims
    1. A method for producing a plain bearing bush (4) after which a flat supporting metal layer (8) is provided, a sliding layer (9) is arranged on this supporting metal layer (8) for producing a flat composite material, and then the flat composite material in the form of the plain bearing bush (4) is rolled up, characterized in that the flat composite material is rolled up in such a way that the supporting metal layer (8) is arranged radially below the sliding layer (9) in the slide bearing bush (4).
    [2]
    2. Rolled plain bearing bush (4) made of a composite material comprising a supporting metal layer (8) and a sliding layer (9), characterized in that the supporting metal layer (8) is arranged in the radial direction below the sliding layer (9).
    [3]
    3. plain bearing bush (4) according to claim 2, characterized in that it has a weld seam (16) in an axial direction.
    [4]
    4. plain bearing bush (4) according to claim 3, characterized in that in addition to the weld seam (16) an oil groove (17) extending in the axial direction is formed.
    [5]
    5. axis (5), in particular planetary pin for a wind turbine gearbox, with a plain bearing bush (4), characterized in that the plain bearing bush (4) is designed according to one of claims 2 to 4.
    [6]
    6. axis (5) according to claim 5, characterized in that the plain bearing bush (4) on the axis (5) is shrunk.
    [7]
    7. axis (5) according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that in the axis (5) is formed a lubricant supply line, and that in the
    14/21
    N2017 / 01500 AT-00
    Support metal layer (8) of the slide bearing bush (4) is formed a bore (19) which opens into an oil groove (17) in the axial direction in the sliding layer (9).
    [8]
    8. Wind turbine transmission (1) with at least one gear (2) which is mounted on an axis (5), a bearing point with a slide bearing bush (4) being arranged between the gear (2) and the axis (5), characterized that the axis (5) is designed according to one of claims 5 to 7.
    15/21
    N2017 / 01500-AT-00 ι_η
    Μ
    IL
    Miba Gleitlager Austria GmbH
    16/21
    Miba Gleitlager Austria GmbH
    17/21 Austrian
    Patent Office
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    US20180313404A1|2018-11-01|
    CN108787809B|2020-02-28|
    CN108787809A|2018-11-13|
    AT519938B1|2019-02-15|
    US10436249B2|2019-10-08|
    KR20180120098A|2018-11-05|
    JP2018185045A|2018-11-22|
    DK3396187T3|2020-06-22|
    ES2798130T3|2020-12-09|
    EP3396187B1|2020-04-01|
    EP3396187A1|2018-10-31|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA50341/2017A|AT519938B1|2017-04-26|2017-04-26|Method for producing a plain bearing bush|ATA50341/2017A| AT519938B1|2017-04-26|2017-04-26|Method for producing a plain bearing bush|
    US15/912,835| US10436249B2|2017-04-26|2018-03-06|Method for producing a plain bearing bush|
    CN201810314679.XA| CN108787809B|2017-04-26|2018-04-10|Method for producing a sliding sleeve|
    KR1020180046887A| KR20180120098A|2017-04-26|2018-04-23|Method for producing a plain bearing bush|
    DK18169073.6T| DK3396187T3|2017-04-26|2018-04-24|PROCEDURE FOR PREPARING A SLIDE BEARING|
    ES18169073T| ES2798130T3|2017-04-26|2018-04-24|Procedure for the manufacture of a plain bearing bush|
    EP18169073.6A| EP3396187B1|2017-04-26|2018-04-24|Method for producing a sliding bearing socket|
    JP2018085056A| JP2018185045A|2017-04-26|2018-04-26|Method for forming slide bearing bush|
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