• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A melter comprising a melting chamber (190) separated from the environment by a gas guard (20), the gas guard (20) or other part of the melt chamber casing having a passage (30) in which an electrode rod (40) for movement a melted electrode (70) is guided in a gastight manner via a sealing means. Compensating means, in particular hydraulic or pneumatic compensating means are provided to exert forces on the electrode rod (40) which are in a proportional relationship to the gas pressure prevailing inside the melting chamber so as to compensate for the gas pressure forces on the electrode rod (40).
    公开号:AT519410A2
    申请号:T51030/2017
    申请日:2017-12-13
    公开日:2018-06-15
    发明作者:Popov Ivaylo
    申请人:Ald Vacuum Techn Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Melting plant and process
    The present invention relates to a remelting plant for the remelting of electrodes and to a corresponding method for operating an electrode remelting plant.
    The fusible melters known in the art mainly comprise a supporting structure with a frame, a frame, a gantry or a pillar and a gas guard in the form of a gas-tight cylinder, a passage in the upper end of the gas guard, an electrode rod , which is inserted through the implementation pressure-tight or vacuum-tight in the gas protection hood and a drive unit which moves the electrode rod in the gas guard vertically upwards or downwards. One or two melting stations are provided in which the remelting process of the electrode hanging on the electrode rod takes place. A weighing device is used to control the process.
    Reciprocating plants are known in practice, which are designed so that the remelting process can take place under an increased gas pressure in the hood, as well as under reduced pressure, such as in particular vacuum. Especially in these remelting, in which the remelting under a gas pressure other than the atmospheric pressure is performed, there is the problem that acts on the electrode rod an additional force, which under pressure at the pressure under the hood as ejection force and vacuum under the hood Suction can be called. According to the plant and electrode rod drive concept of the plant, this force acts on the drive elements of the electrode rod, so that they are not only claimed by the weight of the electrode, but also by this sucking or ejection force. This stress is particularly dangerous if the remelting process is carried out under an increased gas pressure and the vertical movement of the electrode rod takes place via a drive spindle which is arranged coaxially in the electrode rod. Specifically, the danger of buckling is to name. It is used in the known embodiments, a spindle with a very large diameter, so that they can withstand the buckling, which can be caused by a corresponding ejection force.
    The invention has for its object to provide a remelting, in which the forces on the electrode rod and the electrode rod drive are compensated so that the electrode rod undergoes no or greatly reduced additional forces, regardless of the gas pressure conditions prevail under the hood of the plant. In addition, the system should be designed robust and cost-effective.
    This object is achieved with the features of the independent claims. Preferred developments are the subject of the dependent claims.
    A melting plant according to the invention comprises a melting chamber which is separated from the environment by a gas protection hood. In this case, the gas protection hood or another part of the melting chamber envelope has a passage in which an electrode rod is guided in a gas-tight manner for moving an electrode to be melted via a sealing means. Compensating means, in particular hydraulic or pneumatic compensating means, are provided to exert forces on the electrode rod which are in a proportional relationship to the gas pressure prevailing inside the melting chamber so as to at least partially compensate for the gas pressure forces on the electrode rod. Since only forces acting on the drive unit resulting from the weight forces of the electrode rod and the electrode, it can be designed smaller. Also, the control is facilitated because influences of the internal pressure of the melting chamber on the electrode rod no longer occur. Sealing means according to the invention are in particular seals such as sealing rings. As compensation means are in particular compensation cylinder in question.
    Advantageously, equalization forces are exercisable, each corresponding to both an overpressure as well as a negative pressure in the melting chamber. This means that during operation of the melting chamber with overpressure a first balancing force acts and in the operation under negative pressure a second balancing force of opposite direction. The pressure is in particular an overpressure or a negative pressure relative to the ambient pressure. The ambient pressure may be the prevailing atmospheric pressure. If there should already be devices that can only compensate for an overpressure in the melting chamber, the freedom of choice of operating states is significantly increased over such embodiments.
    It is also advantageous if a drive unit for moving the electrode rod is arranged above the electrode rod. This can also be in the upper end region of the electrode rod. This can also be designed so that the motor / drive and / or a corresponding transmission of the drive unit is in any operating condition above the range that serves to seal against the gas guard. This is a significant advantage over conventional embodiments in which the drive unit was attached to the gas guard to move the electrode rod. In order to enable a coupling with the electrode rod, the latter had to be connected to a corresponding profile, such as a toothed rack. However, this made the sealing of the melting chamber difficult.
    In particular, while the drive unit may be connected to a drive spindle which is in engagement with the electrode rod and further, the drive spindle may be provided with an external thread and are in engagement with a corresponding internal thread of the electrode rod. This is an example of a concrete structural design of the storage of the electrode rod. Alternatively, this could also be done via a hydraulic drive between a frame and the electrode rod. In these embodiments, the cylindrical outer surface of the electrode rod may be free of drive structures, such as e.g. a rack profile, which would make the seal significantly more difficult. If, however, only a longitudinal groove in the electrode rod must be mounted in order to obtain a rotation of the electrode rod, so that the sealing properties are not significantly reduced.
    It is also advantageous if the drive unit is connected via at least one guide with a lower cross member and the lower cross member with fixed portions of the compensating means, in particular their cylinders, and an upper traverse both with the electrode rod, as well as with movable portions of the compensating means, in particular their Piston, is connected. The effective direction of the compensating means is in the vertical direction. It is the use of the guides, which run parallel to the electrode rod and the drive spindle from the overhead drive unit, that gives the construction improved resistance to kinking. The connection from the upper cross member to the electrode rod is a rotatable bearing. In order to avoid static over-determination, joints are provided at the required locations. The drive spindle is located in each operating state with a horizontal view between the guides mentioned. As guides in particular rods are used, which can be connected to piston rods of the compensating means or part of the piston rods. The guide should not be elastic in order to transmit the desired vertical compensation forces in both directions.
    In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the drive unit for driving the electrode rod is coupled to a frame. Forces or torques resulting from weight forces from the electrode rod and a picked-up electrode may be dissipated to the environment via the frame. The frame is advantageously carried out independently of the gas protection hood. This results in that the forces of the electrode rod and the electrode need not be dissipated via the melt chamber envelope together with the gas guard.
    In particular, a plurality of compensating means, in particular balancing cylinders can be offset radially to the central axis of the electrode rod and preferably arranged symmetrically, so that upon actuation of the compensating means, the generation of a tilting or torque on the electrode rod can be avoided. Preferably at least 2 compensating cylinders are used here.
    The compensation means may comprise a piston / cylinder arrangement and the sum of the individual effective cross sections of the individual pistons of all compensating means is substantially identical to the cross section of the electrode rod. The term "largely identical" is to be construed broadly and it falls cross-sectional deviations of up to +/- 30% below. In other preferred application examples, it may be required that the deviations be less than 10%, thereby achieving improved decoupling from the pressure within the melting chamber to the performance of a piston rod drive device.
    The balancing means are in fluid communication with the melting chamber, e.g. by means of lines which run from the melting chamber to the compensating means. In particular, an oil reservoir may be pneumatically in communication with the melting chamber and hydraulically connected to the balancing means. Due to the temperature increase during melting, preferably no oil is used on the melting chamber side. On the side of the compensating means, a hydraulic drive is preferred because it allows for better rigidity.
    In a method for operating an electrode melting system, an electrode is movable via an electrode rod in a melting chamber and the melting chamber is sealed gas-tight against the environment. A drive unit is located outside the melting chamber and drives the electrode rod. In this case, both at overpressure, as well as in the suppression in the melting chamber, the resulting forces on the electrode rod by at least one compensating means, which is in fluid communication with the melting chamber compensated.
    The melters of this invention are suitable for use in electroslag remelting processes. The process according to the invention is preferably an electroslag remelting process.
    Description of the figure
    An advantageous embodiment of the system is shown in the accompanying figure.
    The construction shown in the figure comprises a frame 10, a protective gas hood 20 in the form of a gas-tight cylinder, a passage 30 in the upper end of the protective gas hood 20, an electrode rod 40, the pressure-tight or vacuum-tight in the gas protection hood 20 through the bushing 30th a driving unit 50 which can move the electrode rod 40 vertically upward or downward in the gas guard 20, a melting station 60 in which the remelting process of the electrode 70 hanging from the electrode rod 40 takes place, and a weighing device 80 provided for controlling the process is.
    The drive unit 50 is disposed directly above the electrode rod 40 and vertically connected by the guides 41 and 42 with the weighing device 80, wherein a drive spindle 130 is suspended coaxially with the electrode rod 40 in its interior 40.1. The drive unit 50 is laterally supported on the frame 10 articulated. The frame 10 is pivotable and can transfer the entire system of the gas-tight protective hood 20 with the electrode rod 40, the drive unit 50 and the weighing device 80 from the melting station 60 shown to another melting station, not shown.
    On both sides of the electrode rod 40, two compensating cylinders 140 are arranged, the piston rod chambers 200 are connected via lines 150 and an oil tank 160 with the gas space 190 of the gas-tight hood 20. The gas space 190 is also referred to below as the melting chamber 190.
    The electrode rod 40 is pivotally connected in an upper as well as a lower region via a cross member 170 and 180 with the balancing cylinders 140, wherein the piston rods 210 of these balancing cylinder 140 are pivotally connected directly to the upper Traverse 170 at the upper end of the electrode rod 40 and the Compensating cylinder 140 are also hingedly connected to the lower crossbar 180, so that the lower cross member 180 includes the upper end of the gas-tight passage 30 and on the other hand is pivotally mounted on a weighing frame 190 of the weighing device 80.
    The function of the system is described as follows: as soon as a pressure difference arises between the interior of the boiler, ie the melting chamber 190 and the atmosphere, e.g. by gas inlet or Gasabpumpen, this pressure difference is forwarded via the gas lines 150 in the oil tank 160. From the oil tank, oil flows into the balancing cylinders 140, and because the sum of the piston ring surfaces of the two balancing cylinders 140 is equal to the sealed cross-sectional area of the electrode rod 40, two mutually canceling forces arise. These are the pressure force on the electrode rod 40 when the pressure in the boiler is in the direction from the inside to the outside, ie from bottom to top, and the pressure force on the piston surfaces of the cylinder in the direction from top to bottom. By the two trusses 170 and 180, a compensating force is transmitted from the electrode rod 40 in the piston rods 210 of the cylinder 140 and the ejection force of the electrode rod 40 is compensated by the two laterally acting cylinder forces. As a result, the rest of the plant construction remains relieved of the forces resulting from the pressure difference.
    Advantages of this arrangement are as follows: • All forces resulting from the pressure difference between atmospheric pressure and boiler interior are closed in the electrode rod system and have no effect on the rest of the system. • It is possible to design the actuator stem of the electrode rod as in a conventional system that operates only under atmospheric conditions. • All unit control fuses can remain unaltered in service conditions with varying melt chamber pressures, as the forces caused by the pressure do not act on the drive of the E-bar and therefore do not play a role in the performance of the drive. • The system works the same in both directions - under internal pressure (overpressure) as well as under negative pressure (eg also vacuum) in the melting chamber 190. • Because the gas pressure is not introduced directly into the balancing cylinder 140, but first into the oil tank 160, which is connected between the melting chamber 190 and the balancing cylinders 140, it is converted into an oil pressure. Since the friction conditions in the two cylinders are relatively similar for the application, additional synchronization or compensation of the frictional forces existing therein is not necessary. • The slag dust produced in the system is caught in the oil and only disposed of by changing the oil - there is no danger that the toxic slag and metal dusts will be accidentally scattered into the environment. • The construction of the balancing system is simple and can be implemented in almost all existing installations without major modifications.
    The balancing cylinders 140 are vertically aligned so that their piston rods 210 are radially offset from the electrode rod 40. The cylinders of the compensating cylinders at least partially overlap in the radial direction to the electrode rod 40. Alternatively to the two compensating cylinders 140 shown, a larger number of such compensating cylinders can be used, which are preferably evenly distributed around the center axis of the electrode rod 40, so that uneven moments on the To avoid electrode rod 40.
    As described above and outlined in the figure, the frame 10 is preferably rotatable about its vertical axis. Starting from the frame 10, a further melting station (not shown) may be arranged opposite the melting station 60 shown. As a result, the assembly time for the system after the melting of an electrode 70 can be significantly reduced.
    Due to the illustrated embodiment, in which the drive spindle 130 is located within the electrode rod 40, it is possible to design the (cylindrical) outer surface of the electrode rod 40 largely planar and smooth. Since the seal against the gas protection hood 20 takes place on this surface, the expense for the tightness is significantly reduced, or the amount of gas exiting or entering through the seal is considerably reduced. Especially in the operation of the system under negative pressure tightness is important, otherwise adverse oxidation processes can occur on the melt.
    List of Reference Numerals 10 Frame 20 Gas Guard 30 Feedthrough 40 Electrode Rod 41, 42 Guides 50 Drive Unit 70 Electrode 80 Weighing Device 130 Drive Spindle 140 Compensator 150 Lines 160 Oil Tank 170 Upper Traverse 180 Lower Traverse 190 Melting Chamber 200 Piston Rod Space 210 Piston
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    Patentannsprüche
    1. melting plant with a melting chamber (190), which is separated by a gas protection hood (20) from the environment, wherein the gas protection hood (20) has a passage (30) in which an electrode rod (40) for moving an electrode to be melted (70) is gas-sealed via a sealing means, characterized in that compensating means (140), in particular hydraulic or pneumatic compensating means are provided to exert compensatory forces on the electrode rod (40), which are in a proportional relationship to the prevailing within the melting chamber gas pressure so as to compensate for the gas pressure forces on the electrode rod (40).
    [2]
    2. Melting plant according to claim 1, wherein the compensating means (140) are arranged such that both compensating forces can be exerted, which correspond to an overpressure as well as to a suppression in the melting chamber (190).
    [3]
    3. Melting plant according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a drive unit (50) for moving the electrode rod (40) to the upper end of the electrode rod (40) is connected.
    [4]
    4. Melting plant according to claim 3, wherein the drive unit (50) comprises a drive spindle (130) which is in engagement with the electrode rod (40) and in particular the drive spindle (130) is provided with an external thread and in engagement with a corresponding internal thread of Electrode rod (40) is.
    [5]
    5. Melting plant according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the drive unit (50) via at least one guide (41, 42) with a lower cross member (180) is connected and the lower cross member (180) with fixed portions of the compensating means, in particular their cylinders and an upper crosspiece (170) is connected both to the electrode rod (40) and to movable portions of the compensating means (140), in particular the piston (210) thereof.
    [6]
    6. Melting plant according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the drive unit (50) for driving the electrode rod (40) is coupled to a frame (10) and forces or moments resulting from weight forces from the electrode rod (40) and a received electrode ( 70), via the frame (10) can be derived to the environment, and in particular the frame (10) is carried out independently of the gas protection hood (20).
    [7]
    7. Melting plant according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a plurality of compensating means (140), in particular compensating cylinder, are offset radially to the central axis of the electrode rod (40) and are arranged symmetrically, so that upon actuation of the compensating means the generation of a tilting or torque on the electrode rod (40) is avoidable.
    [8]
    8. Melting plant according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the compensating means (140) have a piston / cylinder arrangement and the sum of the effective cross sections of the individual pistons of the compensating means (140) is substantially identical to the cross section of the electrode rod (40).
    [9]
    9. Melting plant according to one of the preceding claims, wherein an oil container (160) is pneumatically in communication with the melting chamber (190) and is hydraulically connected to the compensating means (140).
    [10]
    10. A method for operating an electrode melting system, wherein an electrode rod (40) moves an electrode in a melting chamber (190) and the melting chamber (190) is sealed gas-tight against the environment, a drive unit (50) outside of the melting chamber (190) is arranged and the electrode rod (40) drives the resultant forces on the electrode rod (40) by both positive pressure and negative pressure in the melt chamber (190) through at least one balance cylinder (140) in fluid communication with the melt chamber to be compensated.
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    同族专利:
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    AT519410B1|2019-07-15|
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    JP2018110111A|2018-07-12|
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    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102016124481.3A|DE102016124481B4|2016-12-15|2016-12-15|Melting plant and process|
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