• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a length-adjustable connecting rod for an internal combustion engine, with a first connecting rod part, a second connecting rod part and at least one cylinder-piston unit in order to adjust the first connecting rod part relative to the second connecting rod part. The cylinder-piston unit can be actuated by means of a hydraulic adjusting mechanism, wherein the hydraulic adjusting mechanism comprises at least one oil filter in order to filter the engine oil of the internal combustion engine flowing into the cylinder-piston unit. Furthermore, the invention relates to a combustion engine with such a length-adjustable connecting rod and the use of a cylinder-piston unit for a length-adjustable connecting rod of an internal combustion engine.
    公开号:AT519290A2
    申请号:T50922/2017
    申请日:2017-11-03
    公开日:2018-05-15
    发明作者:Kai Arens Dr；Riba Zóltan；Bodensteiner Martin；Latz Steffen；Heller Malte
    申请人:Avl List Gmbh；Iwis Motorsysteme Gmbh & Co Kg；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Summary
    The invention relates to a length-adjustable connecting rod for an internal combustion engine, having a first connecting rod part, a second connecting rod part and at least one cylinder-piston unit in order to adjust the first connecting rod part relative to the second connecting rod part. The cylinder-piston unit can be actuated by means of a hydraulic adjustment mechanism, the hydraulic adjustment mechanism comprising at least one oil filter in order to filter the engine oil of the internal combustion engine flowing into the cylinder-piston unit. The invention further relates to an internal combustion engine with such a length-adjustable connecting rod and the use of a cylinder-piston unit for a length-adjustable connecting rod of an internal combustion engine.
    Fig. 2/23
    PP31820AT
    AVL List GmbH, iwis motorsysteme GmbH & Co. KG
    Length-adjustable connecting rod with a cylinder-piston unit with oil filter
    The present invention relates to a length-adjustable connecting rod for an internal combustion engine, having a first connecting rod part, a second connecting rod part and at least one cylinder-piston unit in order to adjust the first connecting rod part relative to the second connecting rod part, the cylinder-piston unit using a hydraulic adjustment mechanism can be actuated. The invention further relates to an internal combustion engine with such a length-adjustable connecting rod and the use of such a cylinder-piston unit for a length-adjustable connecting rod of an internal combustion engine.
    The thermal efficiency of an internal combustion engine, especially gasoline engines, depends on the compression ratio ε, i.e. the ratio of the total volume before compression to the compression volume (ε = (stroke volume Vh + compression volume Vc) / compression volume Vc). The thermal efficiency increases as the compression ratio increases. The increase in thermal efficiency via the compression ratio is degressive, but is still relatively pronounced in the range of today's values.
    In practice, the compression ratio cannot be increased arbitrarily, since too high a compression ratio leads to an unintentional self-ignition of the combustion mixture by an increase in pressure and temperature. This premature combustion not only leads to restless running and knocking in gasoline engines, but can also lead to component damage to the engine. In the partial load range, the risk of spontaneous combustion is lower, which depends not only on the influence of the ambient temperature and pressure, but also on the operating point of the engine. Accordingly, a higher compression ratio is possible in the partial load range. In the development of modern internal combustion engines, there are therefore efforts to adapt the compression ratio to the respective operating point of the engine.
    There are different solutions for realizing a variable compression ratio (VCR), with which the position of the crank pin of the crankshaft or the piston pin of the engine piston is changed or the effective length of the connecting rod is varied. There are solutions for continuous and discontinuous adjustment of the components. Continuous adjustment enables an optimal reduction of CO2 emissions and consumption due to a compression ratio that can be set for each operating point. In contrast, a discontinuous adjustment with two stages designed as end stops of the adjustment movement enables structural and operational advantages and / 23
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    AVL List GmbH, iwis motorsysteme GmbH & Co. KG still significant savings in comparison to a conventional crank drive
    Consumption and CO2 emissions.
    The publication US Pat. No. 2,217,721 already describes an internal combustion engine with a length-adjustable connecting rod with two connecting rod parts which can be telescoped into one another and which together form a high-pressure chamber. For filling and emptying the high-pressure chamber with engine oil and thus for changing the length of the connecting rod, a hydraulic adjustment mechanism with a control valve with a spring-loaded closure element is provided, which can be moved into an open position by the pressure of the engine oil.
    EP 1 426 584 A1 shows a discontinuous adjustment of the compression ratio for an internal combustion engine, in which an eccentric connected to the piston pin enables the compression ratio to be adjusted. The eccentric is fixed in one or the other end position of the swivel range by means of a mechanical lock. DE 10 2005 055 199 A1 also shows how a variable-length connecting rod works, with which different compression ratios are made possible. The implementation is also carried out here via an eccentric in the small connecting rod eye, which is fixed in position by two hydraulic cylinders with variable resistance.
    WO 2013/092364 A1 describes a length-adjustable connecting rod for an internal combustion engine with two telescopically displaceable rod parts, one rod part forming a cylinder and the second rod part forming a longitudinally displaceable piston element. A high-pressure chamber is formed between the adjusting piston of the first rod part and the cylinder of the second rod part and is supplied with engine oil via a hydraulic adjusting mechanism with an oil channel and an oil pressure-dependent valve. A similar length-adjustable connecting rod for an internal combustion engine with telescopically displaceable rod parts is shown in WO 2015/055582 A2.
    According to WO 2015/055582 A2, the compression ratio in the internal combustion engine is to be adjusted by the connecting rod length. The connecting rod length influences the compression volume in the combustion chamber, the stroke volume being determined by the position of the crankshaft journal and the cylinder bore. A short connecting rod therefore leads to a lower compression ratio than a long connecting rod with otherwise the same geometric dimensions, e.g. Piston, cylinder head, crankshaft, valve control, etc. In the known length-adjustable connecting rods, the connecting rod length is hydraulically varied between two positions. The entire connecting rod is made of several parts, the length change being carried out by a telescopic mechanism that can be adjusted by means of a double-acting hydraulic cylinder / 23
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    AVL List GmbH, iwis motorsysteme GmbH & Co. KG. The small connecting rod eye, usually for receiving the piston pin, is connected to a piston rod (telescopic rod part). The associated adjusting piston is guided axially displaceably in a cylinder which is arranged in the connecting rod part with the large connecting rod eye, usually for receiving the crankshaft journal. The adjusting piston separates the cylinder into two pressure chambers, an upper and a lower pressure chamber. These two pressure chambers are supplied with engine oil via a hydraulic adjustment mechanism, the engine oil being supplied via the lubrication of the connecting rod bearing. This requires an oil feed-through from the crankshaft journal via the connecting rod bearing to the connecting rod and there via the check valves of the adjustment mechanism into the pressure chambers.
    If the connecting rod is in the long position, there is no engine oil in the upper pressure chamber. The lower pressure chamber, however, is completely filled with engine oil. During operation, the connecting rod is subjected to alternating tensile and compressive loads due to the gas and mass forces. In the long position of the connecting rod, a tensile force is absorbed by the mechanical contact with an upper stop of the adjusting piston. This does not change the connecting rod length. An acting pressure force is transferred to the oil-filled lower pressure chamber via the piston surface. Since the check valve of this chamber prevents the oil return, the oil pressure rises, whereby very high dynamic pressures of well over 1,000 bar can arise in the lower pressure chamber. The connecting rod length does not change. The connecting rod is hydraulically locked in this direction by the system pressure.
    In the short position of the connecting rod, the situation reverses. The lower pressure chamber is empty, the upper pressure chamber is filled with engine oil. A tensile force causes an increase in pressure in the upper pressure chamber. A compressive force is absorbed by a mechanical stop.
    The connecting rod length can be adjusted in two stages by emptying one of the two pressure chambers. For this purpose, one of the two non-return valves in the inlet is bridged by the adjusting mechanism or an assigned return channel is opened. Through these return channels, engine oil can flow into the crankcase regardless of the pressure difference between the pressure chamber and the supply device. The respective check valve loses its effect accordingly. The two return channels are opened and closed by a control valve, whereby exactly one return channel is always open and the other is closed. The actuator for switching the two return channels is controlled hydraulically by the supply pressure.
    The space for such a connecting rod is limited both axially and radially. In the crankshaft direction, the installation space is determined by the bearing width and the distance between the counterweights / 23
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    AVL List GmbH, iwis motorsysteme GmbH & Co. KG limited. In any case, only the space between the small connecting rod eye for mounting the piston pin and the large bearing eye for mounting the crankshaft pin and any adjustment stroke of the connecting rod is available axially.
    The forces to be transmitted by a connecting rod in an internal combustion engine are considerable, which is why the pressures in the pressure chamber of the cylinder-piston unit can also be considerable. In view of the high internal pressures in such a cylinder-piston unit and an associated hydraulic adjustment mechanism, the fatigue strength of the materials used is problematic, but also the design of the components with regard to the small installation space.
    Another aspect of a length-adjustable connecting rod with a cylinder-piston unit for use in an internal combustion engine is that the hydraulic adjustment mechanism is usually fed by the engine oil of the internal combustion engine, the viscosity of which decreases not only with the operating temperature but also with increasing operating time and is therefore harmful Particles are entered into the adjusting mechanism and the cylinder-piston unit of the connecting rod. In addition to soot particles, which can occur during combustion in the engine, residual cast iron or chips from the manufacture and processing of the engine are also transported via the engine oil. Regardless of a decrease in the viscosity of the engine oil and the particles transported by the engine oil into the adjustment mechanism, the adjustment mechanism of a length-adjustable connecting rod must remain functional in the long term.
    In view of the extreme pressure differences in the pressure chambers of a cylinder-piston unit for a length-adjustable connecting rod of well over 1,000 bar and the influence of the power transmission via the connecting rod to the crankshaft on the performance of the internal combustion engine, high-quality contacting sealing devices or are used in conventional length-adjustable connecting rods designed seals used. Leakage from the respectively blocked pressure chamber leads to the adjustment piston being pushed into the respective pressure space, whereby an amount of work corresponding to the force on the adjustment piston and the path of the adjustment piston is dissipated, which leads to a loss of performance of the internal combustion engine. This loss of performance is to be subtracted from the improved thermal efficiency of the internal combustion engine by means of a variable compression ratio in accordance with the respective designs of the cylinder-piston units. In conventional length-adjustable connecting rods with a cylinder-piston unit, simple gap seals or piston seals are used as sealing devices. While gap seals have a certain amount of leakage due to their design, piston seals as contacting sealing devices can almost avoid leakage. The advantages of gap seals are the simple assembly, / 23
    PP31820AT
    AVL List GmbH, iwis motorsysteme GmbH & Co. KG due to the smaller number of components and a smaller installation space of the cylinder-piston unit. In contrast, the system-inherent leakage in gap seals causes not only a loss of performance but also heating of the system. High temperatures in the length-adjustable connecting rod could lead to increased aging of the engine oil, damage to the hydraulic adjustment mechanism and problems on other components of the length-adjustable connecting rod due to thermal expansion.
    Although piston lifting machines are well known in many areas of technology and piston engines are constantly being optimized, improved and further developed in the automotive industry, the hydraulic adjusting mechanisms of cylinder-piston units of length-adjustable connecting rods are still unsatisfactory despite extensive development and research work, particularly with regard to to the necessary lifespan of length-adjustable connecting rods compared to the entire running time of internal combustion engines. In conventional reciprocating piston machines, the hydraulic adjusting mechanisms of a cylinder-piston unit of length-adjustable connecting rods are subject to increased stress due to the small amount of available space, extreme temperature stress due to extremely high pressures and changing force directions, and contamination of the engine oil, in addition to wear due to the metallic contact Soot particles and chips. This leads to rapid wear of the sealing device and to scoring in the walls of the cylinder-piston unit and ultimately to failure of the cylinder-piston unit and loss of performance of the internal combustion engine.
    The present invention is therefore based on the object of providing a length-adjustable connecting rod with a cylinder-piston unit with a hydraulic adjusting mechanism which, despite high pressure differences, small installation space, high temperature loads and contamination of the engine oil, enables improved long-term functionality.
    According to the invention, this object is achieved in that the hydraulic adjustment mechanism comprises at least one oil filter in order to filter the engine oil of the internal combustion engine flowing into the cylinder-piston unit. Cleaning the engine oil before it flows into the cylinder-piston unit by means of an oil filter integrated in the hydraulic adjustment mechanism prevents or reduces the entry of dirt from the engine oil, in particular large soot particles and chips, and thus prevents wear on the sealing devices and the formation of grooves in the walls of the cylinder-piston unit. The at least one oil filter can be arranged in different components of the hydraulic adjustment mechanism, but preferably in the oil channel before an inlet into the cylinder-piston unit. Alternatively, the at least one oil filter can also be positioned in the oil feed channel to the control valve, at / 23
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    AVL List GmbH, iwis motorsysteme GmbH & Co. KG to facilitate cleaning of the oil filter and flushing out soot particles and chips.
    The adjusting piston and the cylinder bore of the cylinder-piston unit are usually rotationally symmetrical, but are not restricted to such a geometric shape. A length-adjustable connecting rod according to the present invention also includes oval, polygonal or other cross-sectional shapes of the adjusting piston and the cylinder bore of the cylinder-piston unit.
    An expedient embodiment provides that the cylinder-piston unit has a cylinder bore, an adjusting piston arranged to be longitudinally movable in the cylinder bore, at least one first pressure chamber provided in the cylinder bore for receiving the inflowing engine oil, the first pressure chamber is delimited on one side by the movable adjusting piston, and comprises a sealing device arranged between the outer wall of the adjusting piston and the inner wall of the cylinder bore. Such a cylinder-piston unit with an adjusting piston arranged to be longitudinally movable in the cylinder bore can reliably and permanently implement the function of a length-adjustable connecting rod according to the invention, despite the extreme system pressures. The sealing device between the outer wall of the adjusting piston and the inner wall of the cylinder bore prevents the adjusting piston from engaging in the first pressure chamber in order not to reduce the efficiency improvement achieved by the variable compression ratio in the cylinders of the internal combustion engine by not engaging the adjusting piston in the first pressure chamber again. Gap seals that have a leak due to their design, as well as contacting piston seals can be used as the sealing device, which almost avoid leakage, but are structurally complex and functionally sensitive. The at least one oil filter in the hydraulic adjustment mechanism cleans the engine oil flowing into the first pressure chamber for actuating the cylinder-piston unit and prevents the entry of large soot particles and chips from the engine oil into the first pressure chamber. This can prevent the particles present in the engine oil from entering the sealing devices due to the high system pressures and the movement of the adjusting piston in the cylinder bore. Wear on the inner wall of the cylinder bore or the outer wall of the adjusting piston or sealing devices in contact with the sealing surfaces can be prevented or significantly reduced in order to ultimately prevent damage and failure of the cylinder-piston unit.
    The hydraulic adjustment mechanism can preferably comprise at least one drain valve in order to discharge the engine oil flowing out of the cylinder-piston unit to the outside, wherein
    7.23
    PP31820AT
    AVL List GmbH, iwis motorsysteme GmbH & Co. KG the drain valve is arranged behind the oil filter in the outflow direction. Depending on the degree of contamination of the engine oil with soot particles and chips, the at least one oil filter can clog in a short time and make it difficult for engine oil to flow into the cylinder-piston unit or ultimately block it. The arrangement of a drain valve, which is positioned in the outflow direction behind the oil filter, allows the at least one oil filter to flow through with the engine oil flowing out of the cylinder-piston unit in counterflow through the filtered engine oil from the first pressure chamber. Since the drain valve should be arranged as close as possible to the oil filter, appropriate control of the drain valve in the hydraulic adjustment mechanism is necessary.
    For a safe outflow of the engine oil through the drain valve into the crankcase, the hydraulic adjustment mechanism can comprise at least one check valve, which is arranged in the outflow direction behind the drain valve. The arrangement of the check valve in the outflow direction in front of the control valve and the positioning of the drain valve open in the inflow direction, or a branch with drain valve between the check valve and oil filter, enables the hydraulic adjustment mechanism to function reliably. Furthermore, the control unit of the hydraulic adjustment mechanism, for example a control valve, is protected against backflow of engine oil from the cylinder-piston unit with increased contamination by cleaning the oil filter. Alternatively, in the case of a correspondingly robust control valve, the drain valve can also be arranged in the outflow direction after the control valve, which at the same time eliminates the need for a separate check valve.
    A special embodiment provides that the adjusting piston of the cylinder-piston unit is designed as a double-acting adjusting piston, the adjusting piston which is arranged to be longitudinally movable in the cylinder bore forms a first pressure chamber and a second pressure chamber for receiving engine oil and delimits them on one side. A double-acting adjusting piston enables the stroke of the piston rod to be adjusted both in the direction of a larger compression ratio and in the direction of a lower compression ratio with a single cylinder-piston unit. The same adjusting piston, unlike in DE 10 2005 055 199 A1, is therefore used for the bidirectional adjustment of the piston stroke or the compression ratio. Conveniently, a stepped piston can be used here, by means of the larger end of which the connecting rod is pressed into its extended position when the pressure is applied accordingly. Due to the prevailing force relationships in an internal combustion engine, the smaller end face is usually sufficient for adjustment in the opposite direction. The hydraulic adjustment mechanism can include at least two oil filters, in a first oil inlet channel of the first pressure chamber and in a / 23
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    AVL List GmbH, iwis motorsysteme GmbH & Co. KG second oil inlet channel of the second pressure chamber, at least one oil filter is arranged in each case in order to filter the engine oil flowing into the first pressure chamber and the second pressure chamber of the cylinder-piston unit. This enables the engine oil flowing into the first pressure chamber and the second pressure chamber of the cylinder-piston unit to be cleaned and accordingly prevents soot particles and swarf from the engine oil from entering between the adjusting piston and the cylinder bore, and possible wear and failure of the cylinder-piston -Unity prevented.
    A sensible embodiment provides that the hydraulic adjustment mechanism comprises a control valve, preferably a hydraulically operated control valve, in order to control the supply of the engine oil flowing into the cylinder-piston unit into the first pressure chamber and the second pressure chamber. The use of a control valve in the hydraulic adjustment mechanism is particularly important in the case of a double-acting adjustment piston for quick and safe actuation of the length-adjustable connecting rod in order to control the supply of the engine oil to the cylinder-piston unit. A hydraulically operated control valve is useful for a simple and permanently safe function of the hydraulic adjustment mechanism. The control valve can also simultaneously control possible drain valves, which may be necessary when cleaning the oil filter due to the backflow of engine oil.
    A further embodiment provides that in each case a check valve is arranged in the first oil inlet channel of the first pressure chamber and the second oil inlet channel of the second pressure chamber, the check valves being arranged in the inflow direction of the engine oil upstream of the at least one oil filter in the first oil channel and the second oil channel , This arrangement of check valves is useful, in particular in combination with the use of a control valve in the hydraulic adjustment mechanism, in order to achieve simple control of the oil flow and, if necessary, to reliably discharge a backflow of engine oil from the cylinder-piston unit for cleaning the Ensure oil filter.
    For a simple construction of the length-adjustable connecting rod, the first connecting rod part can be connected to the adjusting piston of the cylinder-piston unit and the second connecting rod part can have the cylinder bore of the cylinder-piston unit.
    Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of a cylinder-piston unit for a length-adjustable connecting rod of an internal combustion engine with a hydraulic adjusting mechanism, the length-adjustable connecting rod comprises a first connecting rod part and a second connecting rod part, the cylinder-piston unit is by means of the hydraulic adjusting mechanism / 23
    PP31820AT
    AVL List GmbH, iwis motorsysteme GmbH & Co.KG can be actuated to move the first connecting rod part relative to the second connecting rod part, the hydraulic adjustment mechanism comprising at least one oil filter in order to filter the engine oil of the internal combustion engine flowing into the cylinder-piston unit. The use of such a cylinder-piston unit for a length-adjustable connecting rod of an internal combustion engine with a hydraulic adjustment mechanism with an oil filter enables, despite the very small dimensions of the cylinder-piston unit and the extremely high system pressure, the use of engine oil as a drive for the hydraulic adjustment mechanism and avoids at the same time the entry of dirt particles from the engine oil into the cylinder-piston unit and the corresponding risk of damage and wear of the sealing surfaces and failure of the cylinder-piston unit. The cylinder-piston unit is actuated by means of the gas and mass forces of the internal combustion engine acting on the connecting rod parts, while the position of the connecting rod parts is locked by the engine oil present in the at least one pressure chamber.
    In a further aspect, the invention relates to an internal combustion engine with at least one reciprocating piston and with at least one adjustable compression ratio in a cylinder and a length-adjustable connecting rod connected to the reciprocating piston in accordance with the previously described embodiments. All reciprocating pistons of an internal combustion engine are preferably equipped with such a length-adjustable connecting rod, but this is not necessary. The fuel saving of such an internal combustion engine can be considerable and can be up to 20% if the compression ratio is set accordingly depending on the respective operating state. The cylinder-piston unit of the length-adjustable connecting rod can expediently be connected to the engine oil hydraulics of the internal combustion engine. It should be taken into account that there are soot particles and chips in the engine oil, which make the hydraulic adjustment mechanism and the sealing device impervious. The lower the entry of dirt particles from the engine oil, the sooner safe operation of the cylinder-piston unit can be guaranteed. In addition, the adjusting mechanism of the length-adjustable connecting rod can also be controlled by means of the pressurized engine oil.
    Another modification provides that the system pressure of the engine oil in the pressure chamber of the cylinder-piston unit is between 1000 bar and 3000 bar, preferably between 2000 bar and 3000 bar. The limitation of the system pressure enables a safe constructive design of the inside diameter of the cylinder bore and the wall thickness of the cylinder, and thus enables a safe constructive design of the length-adjustable connecting rod according to the invention.
    / 23
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    AVL List GmbH, iwis motorsysteme GmbH & Co. KG
    According to a further development, a timing drive with at least one timing chain, a tensioning and / or guide rail and / or a chain tensioner can be provided, which connects the crankshaft to the at least one camshaft of the internal combustion engine. The timing drive is important because it can have a significant influence on the dynamic load on the internal combustion engine and thus on the length-adjustable connecting rod. This is preferably designed in such a way that excessive dynamic forces are not introduced via the control drive. Alternatively, such a control drive can also be designed with spur gear teeth or a drive belt, for example a toothed belt, which is pretensioned by means of a tensioning device with a tensioning roller.
    An embodiment is explained in more detail below with reference to a drawing. Show it:
    Fig. 1 shows a schematic cross section through an internal combustion engine, and
    Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of the length-adjustable connecting rod from Fig. 1 in a partially sectioned representation.
    In Fig. 1, an internal combustion engine (gasoline engine) 1 is shown in a schematic representation. The internal combustion engine 1 has three cylinders 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3, in each of which a reciprocating piston 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 moves up and down. Furthermore, the internal combustion engine 1 comprises a crankshaft 4, which is rotatably supported by means of crankshaft bearings 5.1, 5.2, 5.3 and 5.4. The crankshaft 4 is connected to the associated piston 3.1.3.2 and 3.3 by means of the connecting rods 6.1.6.2 and 6.3. For each connecting rod 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3, the crankshaft 4 has an eccentrically arranged crankshaft journal 7.1, 7.2 and 7.3. The large connecting rod eyes 8.1, 8.2, and 8.3 are each mounted on the associated crankshaft journal 7.1.7.2 and 7.3. The small connecting rod eye 9.1, 9.2 and 9.3 are each mounted on a piston pin 10.1, 10.2 and 10.3 and thus pivotably connected to the associated piston 3.1.3.2 and 3.3. The terms small connecting rod eye 9.1, 9.2 and 9.3 and large connecting rod eye 8.1, 8.2 and 8.3 show neither an absolute nor a relative size assignment, but only serve to differentiate the components and assign them to the internal combustion engine shown in FIG. 1. Accordingly, the dimensions of the diameter of the small connecting rod eyes 9.1, 9.2 and 9.3 can be smaller, the same size or larger than the dimensions of the diameter of the large connecting rod eyes 8.1, 8.2 and 8.3.
    The crankshaft 4 is provided with a crankshaft sprocket 11 and coupled to a camshaft sprocket 13 by means of a timing chain 12. The camshaft sprocket 13 drives a camshaft 14 with its associated cams for actuating the intake and exhaust valves (not / 23
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    AVL List GmbH, iwis motorsysteme GmbH & Co. KG shown in detail) of each cylinder 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3. The empty strand of the control chain 12 is tensioned by means of a pivotably arranged tensioning rail 15 which is pressed onto it by means of a chain tensioner 16. The tension strand of the control chain 12 can slide along a guide rail. The essential functioning of this control drive, including fuel injection and ignition by means of a spark plug, is not explained in detail and is assumed to be known. The eccentricity of the crankshaft journals 7.1, 7.2 and 7.3 essentially determines the stroke Hk, in particular if, as in the present case, the crankshaft 4 is arranged exactly centrally under the cylinders 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3. The reciprocating piston 3.1 is shown in its lowest position in FIG. 1, while the reciprocating piston 3.2 is shown in its uppermost position. The difference in this case is the stroke HK. The remaining height HC (see cylinder 2.2) gives the remaining compression height in cylinder 2.2. In conjunction with the diameter of the lifting piston 3.1, 3.2 or 3.3 or the associated cylinders 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3, the stroke volume Vh results from the stroke distance Hk, and the compression volume Vc is calculated from the remaining compression height Hc. Of course, the compression volume Vc largely depends on the design of the cylinder cover. The compression ratio ε results from these volumes Vh and Vc. In detail, the compression ratio ε is calculated from the sum of the stroke volume Vh and the compression volume Vc divided by the compression volume Vc. Current values for gasoline engines for ε are between 10 and
    14th
    So that the compression ratio ε can be adjusted depending on the operating point (speed n, temperature T, throttle valve position) of the internal combustion engine 1, the connecting rods 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3 are designed to be adjustable in length according to the invention. As a result, a higher compression ratio can be used in the partial load range than in the full load range.
    In Fig. 2, the length-adjustable connecting rod 6.1 is shown as an example, which is identical to the connecting rods 6.2 and 6.3. The description therefore applies accordingly. The connecting rod 6.1 has a connecting rod head 17.1 with said small connecting rod eye 9.1, a first connecting rod part 18.1, which is telescopically guided in a second connecting rod part 19.1. The relative movement of the first connecting rod part 18.1 in the longitudinal direction to the second connecting rod part 19.1 takes place by means of a cylinder-piston unit 20.1 with an adjusting piston 21.1. and a cylinder bore 22.1 and a sealing device 23.1 between the adjusting piston 21.1 and the cylinder bore 22.1. A lower bearing shell 19b.1 is arranged on the second connecting rod part 19.1 and together with the lower region of the second connecting rod part 19.1 the large connecting rod eye
    8.1 surrounds. The lower bearing shell 19b.1 and the second connecting rod part 19.1 are / 23
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    AVL List GmbH, iwis motorsysteme GmbH & Co. KG connected with each other using fasteners. The piston rod 18a.1 at the lower end of the first connecting rod part 18.1 is connected to the adjusting piston 21.1, which is in the cylinder bore
    22.1 of the second connecting rod part 19.1 is slidably guided. At the upper end, the second connecting rod part 19.1 has a cover 19a.1 through which the piston rod 18a.1 of the first connecting rod part
    18.1 is guided and sealed. The cover 19a.1 thus seals the cylinder bore 22.1 overall. The adjusting piston 21.1 is designed as a stepped piston. A first pressure chamber 24.1 with a circular cross section is formed below the adjusting piston 21.1, and an annular second pressure chamber 25.1 is formed above the adjusting piston 21.1. The adjusting piston 21.1 and the cylinder bore 22.1 are part of a hydraulic adjusting mechanism 26.1 for changing the connecting rod length. To the adjustment mechanism
    26.1 also includes a hydraulic circuit described in more detail below, which accordingly ensures that the hydraulic fluid flows in and out of the pressure chambers 24.1 and 25.1 and thus fixes the adjusting piston 21.1 actuated by the forces acting on the connecting rod 6.1.
    In the present exemplary embodiment, the section of the second connecting rod part 19.1 in the area of the pressure chambers 24.1 and 25.1 and of the adjusting piston 21.1 is designed in the form of an annular cross section (with the exception of any hydraulic lines which may be present). Other geometrical dimensions are conceivable. Correspondingly, here the wall thickness DW results from the associated outer radius ra of the upper section of the second connecting rod part 19.1 minus the inner radius ri of the cylinder bore 22.1. With such a symmetrical design, the wall thickness Dw is uniformly thick over the circumference of the second connecting rod part 19.1 and the stresses in the material of the second connecting rod part 19.1 are uniformly low, so that due to a relatively large piston diameter for the adjusting piston 21.1, the maximum system pressure occurring in the connecting rod 6.1 in manageable limits remains.
    The hydraulic adjusting mechanism 26.1 used in the connecting rod 6.1 is explained in more detail below with reference to FIG. 2. The adjusting piston 21.1 of the cylinder-piston unit 20.1 is designed as a stepped piston. A stepped piston is generally understood to mean a double-acting piston with differently sized active surfaces. A first end face 27.1 is circular and is assigned to the first pressure chamber 24.1. A second face
    28.1 is designed in the form of a ring and is assigned to the second pressure chamber 25.1. The hydraulic adjustment mechanism 26.1 is operated with engine oil. There is an oil supply channel for this
    29.1 with the large connecting rod eye 8.1 in connection, whereby engine oil can be supplied to the hydraulic adjusting mechanism 26.1 or possibly flows out of it in an alternative circuit. A control valve 30.1 / 23 is connected to the oil supply channel 29.1
    PP31820AT
    AVL List GmbH, iwis motorsysteme GmbH & Co. KG. From the control valve 30.1, the engine oil reaches the first pressure chamber 24.1 via a first oil channel 31.1 and the second pressure chamber 25.1 via a second oil channel 32.1. In the direction of flow of the inflowing engine oil, a check valve 33.1 and an oil filter 34.1 are provided in the first oil channel 21.1 before the first oil channel 31.1 opens into the first pressure chamber 24.1. Between the check valve 33.1 and the oil filter 34.1 of the first oil duct 31.1 there is a branching of an outlet duct 35.1 which opens into the crankcase of the internal combustion engine 1 on the outside of the second connecting rod part 19.1. The outlet channel 35.1 is designed with a drain valve 36.1, which is closed when the engine oil flows into the first pressure chamber 24.1 via the first oil channel 31.1. The second oil channel
    32.1 is constructed in accordance with the first oil channel 31.1 and has a check valve 33.1 in the direction of flow of the engine oil into the second pressure chamber 25.1 after the control valve 30.1, the branch of the outlet channel 35.1 with a drain valve 36.1 and then the oil filter 34.1 before the second oil channel 32.1 in the second Pressure chamber 25.1 opens.
    When the control valve 30.1 of the hydraulic adjustment mechanism 26.1 the first oil channel
    31.1 opens, the engine oil supplied from the large connecting rod eye 8.1 via the oil supply channel 29.1 flows through the check valve 33.1 and the oil filter 34.1 into the first pressure chamber 24.1. The adjusting piston 21.1 is driven into its upper position by the inflowing engine oil and is then hydraulically blocked in the final extended upper position shown in FIG. 2, since both a backflow via the first oil channel through the check valve 33.1 and an outflow via the outlet channel 35.1 is prevented by the blocked drain valve 36.1. The connecting rod 6.1 is thus in its longer position. When the control valve 30.1 is switched over to open the second oil channel 32.1 and to fill the second pressure chamber 25.1 with engine oil, the drain valve 36.1 in the first oil channel 31.1 is also opened at the same time, so that the engine oil located in the first pressure chamber 24.1 flows out into the crankcase via the outlet channel 35.1 can.
    When the engine oil flows in from the control valve 30.1 via the first oil channel 31.1 into the first pressure chamber 24.1 or via the second oil channel 32.1 into the second pressure chamber 25.1, the entire inflowing engine oil is passed through an oil filter 34.1 in which larger soot particles and chips are filtered out of the engine oil and be held. As a result, the engine oil contained in the cylinder bore 22.1 of the cylinder pistons 21.1 is only slightly contaminated, so that the sealing device 23.1 between the outer wall 39.1 of the adjusting piston
    21.1 and the inner wall 38.1 of the cylinder bore 22.1 is correspondingly slightly exposed to wear. This reduces both the risk of major damage to the / 23
    PP31820AT
    AVL List GmbH, iwis motorsysteme GmbH & Co. KG
    Prevent the surface of the sealing device 23.1 and also improve the necessary service life of the length-adjustable connecting rods 6.1.
    When changing the connecting rod 6.1 between the extended position and the retracted position of the first connecting rod part 18.1, the cleaned engine oil flows from the first pressure chamber 24.1 or the second pressure chamber 25.1 through the respective oil filter 34.1 in the first oil channel 31.1 or in the second oil channel 32.1 and from there via the Outlet channel 35.1 and the drain valve 36.1 in the crankcase, since a further flow in the direction of the control valve 30.1 is prevented by the check valve 33.1. Alternatively, a backflow of the engine oil from the first pressure chamber 24.1 and the second pressure chamber 25.1 of the cylinder-piston unit 20.1 is also possible via the control valve 30.1. When the clean engine oil flows back from the cylinder-piston unit 20.1 through the oil filters 34.1 in the first oil channel 31.1 and the second oil channel
    32.1, the dirt particles deposited in the oil filters 34.1 are rinsed out. Regular cleaning of the oil filter 34.1 not only prevents the oil filter 34.1 from clogging, but also removes larger particles and smaller particles through the outlet channel 35.1, which would pass through the oil filter 34.1 if the pressure in the oil filter 34.1 increased and contaminate the engine oil would increase the first pressure chamber 24.1 and the second pressure chamber 25.1. The cleaning of the oil filter 34.1 by means of the backflow of the engine oil from the cylinder-piston unit 20.1 is very reliable, since the oil filter becomes increasingly dirty
    34.1 the pressure difference across the oil filter 34.1 increases, so that the backflow through the oil filter 34.1 with engine oil also has a higher pressure difference and correspondingly a higher cleaning effect.
    The control valve 30.1 of the hydraulic adjusting mechanism 26.1 of the length-adjustable connecting rod 6.1 can control not only the inflow of engine oil into the first oil channel 31.1 and the second oil channel 32.1, but also the drain valves 36.1 assigned to the first oil channel 31.1 and the second oil channel 32.1 in the branching outlet channels 35.1. When opening the first oil channel 31.1 or the second oil channel 32.1 and the supply of engine oil into the first pressure chamber 24.1 or the second pressure chamber 25.1, the drain valve 36.1 in the other branch of the hydraulic adjustment mechanism 26.1, i.e. the second oil channel 32.1 and the first oil channel 31.1, respectively, in order to allow an outflowing engine oil from the other pressure chamber, i.e. the second pressure chamber 25.1 or the first pressure chamber 24.1, and the retraction of the adjusting piston 21.1 into the second pressure chamber 25.1 or the first pressure chamber 24.1. The drain valves 36.1 are preferably also controlled via the control valve 30.1, it being possible for the control valve 30.1 to be controlled with the pressure of the engine oil applied to the hydraulic adjustment mechanism 26.1. Leave accordingly / 23
    PP31820AT
    AVL List GmbH, iwis motorsysteme GmbH & Co. KG avoid other, but alternatively also possible, electrical, electronic, magnetic or mechanical controls of the control valve 30.1 or the drain valve 36.1.
    The cleaning of the engine oil flowing into the cylinder-piston unit 20.1 by means of the oil filter
    34.1 in the first oil channel 31.1 and second oil channel 32.1 enables the use of narrow gap seals 37.1 as the sealing device 23.1 with a gap dimension S in the area of the adjusting piston 21.1 of at most 20 μm, preferably of at most 10 μm, so that despite a certain leakage flow through the sealing device 23.1, it functions reliably the cylinder-piston unit 20.1 is guaranteed. Alternatively, when using piston seals as the sealing device 23.1, the wear of the sealing device 23.1 can be significantly reduced by the low-particle engine oil in the first pressure chamber 24.1 and the second pressure chamber 25.1.
    / 23
    PP31820AT
    AVL List GmbH, iwis motorsysteme GmbH & Co. KG
    LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
    1 internal combustion engine 2.1,2.2,2.3 cylinder 3.1,3.2,3.3 reciprocating 4 crankshaft 5.1,5.2,5.3,5.4 crankshaft bearings 6.1,6.2,6.3 connecting rod 7.1,7.2,7.3 crankshaft journal 8.1,8.2,8.3 large connecting rod eye 9.1,9.2,9.3 small connecting rod eye 10.1,10.2,10.3 piston pin 11 Kurbelwellenketterad 12 timing chain 13 camshaft sprocket 14 camshaft 15 tensioning rail 16 chain tensioner 17.1 big end 18.1 first connecting rod part 18a.1 piston rod 19.1 second connecting rod part 19a.1 cover 19b.1 bearing shell 20.1 Cylinder-piston unit 21.1 adjusting piston 22.1 bore 23.1 seal means 24.1 first pressure room 25.1 second pressure room
    / 23
    AVL List GmbH, iwis motorsysteme GmbH & Co. KG
    PP31820AT
    26.1 hydraulic adjustment mechanism 27.1 first face 28.1 second face 29.1 Oil supply channel 30.1 control valve 31.1 first oil channel 32.1 second oil channel 33.1 check valve 34.1 oil filter 35.1 exhaust passage 36.1 drain valve 37.1 gap seals 38.1 inner wall 39.1 outer wall dw Wall thickness Vh displacement Vc compression volume hc compression height Hkri strokeInner diameter ra outer diameter S clearance ε compression ratio n rotational speed T temperature
    / 23
    PP31820AT
    AVL List GmbH, iwis motorsysteme GmbH & Co. KG
    权利要求:
    Claims (14)
    [1]
    Expectations
    1. Length-adjustable connecting rod (6.1) for an internal combustion engine (1), in particular a gasoline engine, with a first connecting rod part (18.1) and a second connecting rod part (19.1), the first connecting rod part (18.1) has a small connecting rod eye (9.1) for receiving a piston pin (10.1) and the second connecting rod part (19.1) has a large connecting rod eye (8.1) for receiving a crankshaft journal (7.1), the first connecting rod part (18.1) being movable relative to the second connecting rod part (19.1) by the distance between the large connecting rod eye (8.1) and the small connecting rod eye (9.1), and with at least one cylinder-piston unit (20.1) to move the first connecting rod part (18.1) relative to the second connecting rod part (19.1), the cylinder-piston unit (20.1) can be actuated by means of a hydraulic adjustment mechanism (26.1), characterized in that the hydraulic adjustment mechanism (26.1) comprises at least one oil filter (34.1) in order to insert the oil into the cylinder-piston unit (20.1 ) filtering incoming engine oil of the internal combustion engine (1).
    [2]
    2. Length-adjustable connecting rod (6.1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylinder-piston unit (20.1) has a cylinder bore (22.1), an adjustable piston (21.1) arranged longitudinally movable in the cylinder bore (22.1), at least one in the cylinder bore (22.1) provided first pressure chamber (24.1) for receiving the inflowing engine oil, the first pressure chamber (24.1) is delimited on one side by the movable adjusting piston (21.1), and one between the outer wall (39.1) of the adjusting piston (21.1) and the inner wall (38.1 ) of the cylinder bore (22.1) arranged sealing device (23.1).
    [3]
    3. Length-adjustable connecting rod (6.1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the hydraulic adjusting mechanism (26.1) comprises at least one drain valve (36.1) in order to discharge the engine oil flowing out of the cylinder-piston unit (20.1) to the outside, wherein the drain valve (36.1) is arranged behind the oil filter (34.1) in the outflow direction.
    [4]
    4. Length-adjustable connecting rod (6.1) according to claim 3, characterized in that the hydraulic adjustment mechanism (26.1) comprises at least one check valve (33.1), the check valve (33.1) being arranged in the outflow direction behind the drain valve (36.1).
    19/23
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    AVL List GmbH, iwis motorsysteme GmbH & Co. KG
    [5]
    5. Length-adjustable connecting rod (6.1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the adjusting piston (21.1) of the cylinder-piston unit (20.1) is designed as a double-acting adjusting piston (21.1), the in the cylinder bore (22.1 ) longitudinally movable adjusting pistons (21.1) form the first pressure chamber (24.1) and a second pressure chamber (25.1) for receiving engine oil and each delimited on one side.
    [6]
    6. Length-adjustable connecting rod (6.1) according to claim 5, characterized in that the hydraulic adjustment mechanism (26.1) comprises at least two oil filters (34.1), in a first oil channel (31.1) of the first pressure chamber (24.1) and in a second oil channel (32.1 ) of the second pressure chamber (25.1) in each case at least one oil filter (34.1) is arranged in order to filter the engine oil flowing into the first pressure chamber (24.1) and the second pressure chamber (25.1) of the cylinder-piston unit (20.1).
    [7]
    7. Length-adjustable connecting rod (6.1) according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the hydraulic adjustment mechanism (26.1) comprises a control valve (30.1), preferably a hydraulically operated control valve (30.1), for the supply of the in the cylinder-piston unit (20.1) flowing engine oil into the first pressure chamber (24.1) and the second pressure chamber (25.1).
    [8]
    8. length-adjustable connecting rod (6.1) according to claim 7, characterized in that in each case a check valve (33.1) is arranged in the first oil channel (31.1) of the first pressure chamber (24.1) and the second oil channel (32.1) of the second pressure chamber (25.1), wherein the check valves are arranged in the inflow direction in front of the at least one oil filter (34.1) in the first oil channel (31.1) and in the second oil channel (32.1).
    [9]
    9. Length-adjustable connecting rod (6.1) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the first connecting rod part (18.1) with the adjusting piston (21.1) of the cylinder-piston unit (20.1) is connected and the second connecting rod part (19.1) Has cylinder bore (22.1) of the cylinder-piston unit (20.1).
    [10]
    10. Use of a cylinder-piston unit (20.1) for a length-adjustable connecting rod (6.1) of an internal combustion engine (1) with a hydraulic adjustment mechanism, the length-adjustable connecting rod (6.1) comprises a first connecting rod part (18.1) and a second connecting rod part (19.1), the cylinder-piston unit (20.1) can be actuated by means of the hydraulic adjustment mechanism (26.1),
    20/23
    PP31820AT
    AVL List GmbH, iwis motorsysteme GmbH & Co. KG, characterized in that the hydraulic adjustment mechanism (26.1) comprises at least one oil filter (34.1) in order to filter the engine oil of the internal combustion engine (1) flowing into the cylinder-piston unit (20.1) ,
    [11]
    11. Internal combustion engine (1) with at least one reciprocating piston (3.1,3.2,3.3) and with at least one adjustable compression ratio in a cylinder (2.1,2.2,2.3) and a length-adjustable connecting rod (6.1 ) (6.1,6.2,6.3) according to one of claims 1 to 9.
    [12]
    12. Internal combustion engine (1) according to claim 11, characterized in that the cylinder-piston unit (20.1) of the length-adjustable connecting rod (6.1.6.2.6.3) is connected to the engine oil hydraulics of the internal combustion engine (1).
    [13]
    13. Internal combustion engine (1) according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the system pressure of the engine oil in the first pressure chamber (24.1) of the cylinder-piston unit (20.1) between 1,000 bar and 3,000 bar, preferably between 2,000 bar and 2,500 bar, is.
    [14]
    14. Internal combustion engine (1) according to one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that a timing drive with at least one timing chain (12), a tensioning and / or guide rail (15), and / or a chain tensioner (16) is provided, which connects the crankshaft (4) to the at least one camshaft (14) of the internal combustion engine (1).
    21/23
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    AVL List GmbH iwis motorsysteme GmbH & Co. KG
    1.2
    22/23
    PP31820AT
    AVL List GmbH iwis motorsysteme GmbH & Co. KG
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    AT519290A3|2018-08-15|
    DE102016120975A1|2018-05-03|
    CN108019277B|2021-03-30|
    US10563574B2|2020-02-18|
    US20180119611A1|2018-05-03|
    AT519290B1|2019-02-15|
    CN108019277A|2018-05-11|
    引用文献:
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    DE10255299A1|2002-11-27|2004-06-17|Fev Motorentechnik Gmbh|Connecting rod for use on a reciprocating engine with variable adjustable compression ratio|
    DE102005055199B4|2005-11-19|2019-01-31|FEV Europe GmbH|Reciprocating internal combustion engine with adjustable variable compression ratio|
    US8746188B2|2010-03-17|2014-06-10|Larry C. Wilkins|Internal combustion engine with hydraulically-affected stroke|
    AT511803B1|2011-12-23|2013-03-15|Avl List Gmbh|CONNECTING ROD FOR A PUSH-PISTON MACHINE|
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    DE102013107127A1|2013-07-05|2015-01-08|Hilite Germany Gmbh|Connecting rod for a two-stage variable compression|
    AT514071B1|2013-10-18|2014-10-15|Avl List Gmbh|Length adjustable connecting rod|
    KR101518945B1|2013-12-11|2015-05-12|현대자동차 주식회사|Varialble compression ratio engine that varies compression ratio|
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    DE102015111175A1|2015-03-26|2016-09-29|Hilite Germany Gmbh|Hydraulic valve and connecting rod with a hydraulic valve|US10934841B2|2017-01-24|2021-03-02|Mohammad ABAZID|Transmission assembly for an engine|
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    US10760481B1|2019-07-17|2020-09-01|Hyundai Motor Company|Magnetically-actuated variable-length connecting rod devices and methods for controlling the same|
    CN111287854A|2020-02-18|2020-06-16|哈尔滨工程大学|Variable mode engine suitable for gas-liquid two-phase fuel|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102016120975.9A|DE102016120975A1|2016-11-03|2016-11-03|Length adjustable connecting rod with a cylinder-piston unit with oil filter|
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