• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a solar system (1) having at least one thermal collector (2) with a collector inlet (3) and a collector outlet (4), a heat collector (5) and a solar pump (10) via a solar inlet line (8). and a solar outlet line (9) are connected to each other, as well as with a pressure holding device (11) which is connectable to the collector (2), that during evaporation of in the collector (2) befindlichem heat transfer liquid heat carrier from the collector (2) to the Displaced pressure holding device (11) and is displaced back into the collector when condensing the heat carrier in the collector liquid heat carrier from the pressure holding device (11), wherein the solar system (1) operating state detection device with sensors (19A, 19B, 19C) for detecting a Stagnation operating state has, in which the heat transfer medium in the collector (2) evaporates, evaporated or the possibility of evaporation of the Heat carrier is given. In order to provide advantageous framework conditions, it is proposed that the pressure-retaining device (11) has an adjusting means by means of which the operating pressure in the collector (2) to a first target pressure and a lower second target pressure is adjustable, and that the operating state detecting means with the adjusting is in control connection that the first target pressure is applied when the stagnation operating state is not detected and the second, lower target pressure is applied when the stagnation operating state is detected.
    公开号:AT519035A1
    申请号:T50620/2017
    申请日:2017-07-25
    公开日:2018-03-15
    发明作者:
    申请人:Ritter Energie Und Umwelttechnik Gmbh & Co Kg；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to a solar system having at least one thermal collector with a collector inlet and a collector outlet for a liquid heat carrier, a heat collector and a solar pump for circulating the heat carrier, which are connected to form a closed solar circuit via a solar inlet and a solar outlet, and with a Druckhaiteeinrichtung for the heat transfer medium, which is connected or connectable with the collector such that when evaporating befindlichem in the collector heat transfer fluid from the collector to the Druckhaiteeinrichtung displaced and condensing the heat transfer medium in the collector liquid heat carrier from the Druckhaiteeinrichtung back into the Collector is displaced, wherein the solar system has an operating state detection device with sensors for detecting a stagnation operating state, in which the heat carrier in the collection or evaporated, evaporated or the possibility of evaporation of the heat carrier is given.
    If liquid-conducting thermal solar systems can not give off their heat without mechanical tracking of the orientation of the solar collector according to the position of the sun, they switch off and become ever hotter until they reach their stagnation temperature. The stagnation temperature is usually above the boiling point of the liquids, especially if it is water or water antifreeze mixtures. It is applied practice that boiling up to temperatures of about 160 ° C is avoided by the permissible pressure in the solar circuit is high enough. However, many collectors reach such high stagnation temperatures that boiling avoidance over the
    Pressure increase is complicated or not possible. So then the boiling of the collector field must be technically controlled. The boiling of the collector field will not end until all the collectors have steam left. This results in many technical challenges. One of these is that during boiling, an enormous volume expansion of the plant contents can take place, which requires a very elaborate expansion or pressure holding device. A second challenge is that a lot of heat can be dissipated to the collector during boiling. The third challenge is that, during boiling, the whole system is thermally stressed at much higher temperatures than normal operation, when the steam can spread everywhere. Further challenges are steam shocks and the limits of thermal expansion.
    From DE 10 2014 000 672 B4 a solar system of the aforementioned type is known, which has a line system with a bypass, by means of which the solar inlet line to the solar outlet is connectable. In the bypass, a 2/2-way valve is arranged for this purpose, which is adjustable in a passage and a blocking division. The solar pump is arranged in a section of the solar return, which extends from the outlet opening of the heat consumer in the conveying direction of the solar pump to the bypass. In the solar circuit, a backflow preventer is provided for the solar pump. To detect a stagnation operating state, in which the possibility of evaporation of the heat carrier is given, the heat transfer in the collector evaporated or already evaporated, the solar system has an operating state detection device having temperature sensors, by means of which the temperature of the heat carrier at the collector outlet on the inlet opening of the heat consumer and on the solar inlet line is measurable.
    The solar system has a Druckhaiteeinrichtung for the heat carrier, which is so in control communication with the operating state detection means that the 2/2-way valve of the bypass is in the passage position when the detection means detects the stagnation operating state. The
    Expansion and Druckhaiteeinrichtung is connected to the solar circuit in such a way that when evaporating befindlichem in the collector heat transfer liquid heat transfer medium from the collector via the bypass to the expansion and Druckhaiteeinrichtung is displaced. This ensures that the vapor drives the liquid out of the collector. This allows a stagnation damping, in which the liquid leaves the collector in the direction of colder solar return or both in the direction of the colder solar inlet and via the solar outlet, so that no liquid heat transfer as possible leaving the collector must flow through a path that has already taken heat transfer steam , because it would create additional steam, so that a total of very little steam and steam shocks are avoided.
    If the detection means does not detect the stagnation operating condition, the 2/2-way valve of the bypass is in the blocking division. In this case, the heat transfer medium flows in a closed solar circuit from the outlet of the solar pump via the solar inlet line to the collector inlet, through the collector to the collector outlet, from there via the solar return line to the inlet opening of the heat consumer, therethrough to the outlet opening and from there to the inlet of the solar pump. A solar system with a closed solar circuit is understood to mean a solar system whose collectors are always completely filled with heat transfer medium and are free of air, it being possible for the heat transfer medium in the stagnation operating state to change from the liquid to the vapor state.
    Although the previously known solar system has proven itself in practice, it still has disadvantages. Thus, the conduit system is still subjected to a relatively large thermal load during emptying of the collector via the bypass.
    From DE 30 21 422 A1 a solar system is also known, which is the immediate heating of below the usual cold water network pressure
    Domestic hot water is used. The solar system has a thermal collector with a collector inlet and a collector outlet for a liquid heat transfer medium. In addition, the solar system has a configured as a storage container heat consumer with an inlet opening and an outlet opening for the heat carrier. The collector outlet is connected to the inlet opening via a solar outlet line and the outlet opening is connected to the collector inlet via a solar inlet line in order to form a solar circuit. In the solar inlet pipe, a solar pump for circulating the heat carrier in the solar circuit is arranged. A portion of the solar inlet line, which extends from the outlet opening of the heat consumer in the conveying direction of the solar pump up to this, is connected to a cold water supply line. The solar system has an operating state detection device, by means of which a stagnation operating state of the solar system can be detected, in which the heat transfer medium evaporates in the collector, is evaporated or in which there is the possibility of evaporation of the heat carrier. The stagnation operating state is detected by means of a thermostat, by means of which the approximation of the heat carrier temperature in the collector to the boiling point of the heat carrier can be measured. In order to avoid the risk of an inadmissibly high overpressure in the solar circuit occurring in the solar circuit in the stagnation operating state, the solar system for the collector has an emptying device and a pipe ventilating device. The emptying device has a first 3/2-way valve in the solar inlet line and a second 3/2-way valve in the solar outlet line. The 3/2-way valves are so in control connection with the operating state detection device, that the heat carrier is circulated during normal operation of the solar system via the collector and the heat consumer in the solar circuit. During the occurrence of the stagnation operating state, a section of the solar inlet line leading in the conveying direction of the solar pump from the first 3/2-way valve to the heat collector is blocked by the first 3/2-way valve and a section leading in the conveying direction from the first 3/2-way valve to the collector inlet The solar inlet line and a section of the solar outlet line leading from the collector outlet to the second 3/2-way valve are connected to a drain line via the first 3/2-way valve. When approaching the
    Boiling point, this facility should ensure that the upper part of the solar system, namely the collector and the adjacent pipe sections emptied. The pipe ventilation device plays an important role because when emptying the water, the collector and the upper part of the solar system fill with air and the air must escape again from the solar system when refilling with hot water under mains pressure. The solar system thus has an open solar circuit, which is always filled with fresh hot water after emptying and filling with air.
    This solution is known to experts as a "drain-back" system and for small systems (a collector, service water systems with water heater) can be used. In drain-back systems, the collector and the tubes must, according to gravity, drain completely and fill with air. The pipe cross-sections, the pipe guide (slope) and the design of the collectors must meet constructively the goal of emptying, which is hardly completely successful for collector panels consisting of several collectors despite the pipe loading and venting and is only partially suitable. For thermosyphon systems, which are very small solar systems that are driven instead of a solar pump with gravity, especially by arranging the memory above the collector, from DE 20 2006 016 098 U1 overheating protection is known. This consists essentially in that upon reaching a temperature which is relatively far below the boiling temperature, a valve in the solar outlet closes, after which the solar fluid presses via the solar inlet line into a heat exchanger. The aim is that the collector empties largely in the heat exchanger during boiling. In addition many details are mentioned, above all it depends on a suitable channel system in the collector. This type of overheating protection for a thermosyphon is not applicable to solar systems with solar pumps, with storage, which are located below the collectors, on solar systems without memory or on collectors, which constructively do not take into account.
    From DE 27 22 451 A1 a solar system is also known in which liquid heat transfer medium is displaced from the collector via the solar inlet line to an expansion vessel during boiling of the heat transfer medium in the collector. But the practice of many years showed that this solar system works unsatisfactory, especially in terms of overheating protection. When the heat carrier boils in the collector, the steam not only takes the shortest route via the solar inlet line to the expansion vessel, but also via the solar outlet. This can lead to overheating and destruction of components, e.g. the solar pump, lead. This danger becomes all the more serious, the more powerful the collectors used are.
    DE10 2008 038 733 A1 describes a method for avoiding overheating damage to a solar thermal system with a circulation pump and a pressure in the fluid circuit detecting pressure sensor with which the fluid circuit is monitored after each shutdown of the circulation pump to the presence of steam and the circulation pump against reconnection is blocked as long as steam is detected in the fluid circuit. This is to ensure that the circulation pump can be switched on again after each standstill, when there is no more vapor in the fluid circuit to prevent possible damage. The pressure sensor measures not only the absolute pressure but also its time course in order to conclude the formation and presence of vapor in the fluid circuit. The process is limited to solar systems in which the pressure is balanced with a membrane expansion vessel.
    The statement made in the description of DE10 2008 038 733 A1 that, in the presence of steam in the fluid circuit, the absolute pressure is always well above the pressure prevailing during normal operation, so that a measured overpressure is always an important indicator of the presence of steam not to, if for pressure equalization a controlled pressure maintenance is used instead of membrane expansion vessels, which is common or necessary from a certain solar system size.
    The object of the invention is to provide a solar system of the type mentioned, which allows a thermal load on the solar system when the stagnation operating state occurs.
    According to the invention, this object is achieved with the features of claim 1. These provide that the Druckhaiteeinrichtung has an adjusting device by means of which the operating pressure in the collector to a first target pressure and a lower second target pressure is adjustable, and that the operating state detecting means is in such a controlled connection with the setting that the first target pressure is applied when the stagnant operating condition is not detected and the second, lower target pressure is applied when the stagnant operating condition is detected.
    According to the invention, therefore, the operating pressure of the heat carrier is lowered in the collector as soon as the possibility of evaporation of the heat carrier is given or as soon as the stagnation operating state occurs and until the collector is cooled again below the boiling point of the heat carrier and the heat carrier is completely condensed. This accelerates the boiling of the heat carrier in the collector or it starts at all and then accelerates, because the boiling temperature drops. The acceleration is based on the fact that the vapor formation is associated with a large expansion of the heat carrier. Although the pressure reduction is compensated immediately because it comes to backflow, but the displacement of the liquid heat carrier through the heat transfer to the lower pressure takes place faster than without pressure drop in the collector and indeed faster, the lower the flow resistance in the sections of the line system is, over which the liquid heat transfer medium is displaced from the collector to Druckhaiteeinrichtung out.
    With the shortening of the transition or boiling time, the solar heat absorption of the collector is reduced because the evaporation power of the sun over a shorter time comes into effect, so inevitably produces less steam, which allows smaller expansion and Dampfkondensationsvorrichtungen and generates less stagnation heat dissipated. If there is only steam left in the collector, the flow first subsides, then breaks off and turns around because the heat transfer medium in the solar inlet line condenses again, creating a vacuum that gradually draws the heat carrier back to the collector. Then the stagnation transition time is over. From then on, the collector becomes hotter and hotter until it reaches its stagnation temperature, at which its losses to the environment are in balance with the solar heat input, but then it releases no heat to the solar system. When the collector cools again, e.g. at night, the steam condenses, which creates a negative pressure in the collector, which automatically fills it again with liquid heat transfer medium. When there is no more vapor in the collector, the Druckhaiteeinrichtung restores the higher operating pressure, which preferably corresponds to the operating pressure of the heat consumer. Without pressure reduction, the pressure and thus the boiling temperature in the collector would rise due to the backpressure during the stagnation transition time, which for the pipes and their thermal insulation generates greater stress or to handle higher design costs.
    The collector or the entire collector field may not have a pipe-loading and venting device, since the heat transfer medium in the collector is not replaced by air, but only by heat transfer steam. In contrast to the drain-back principle, the solar circuit of the solar system according to the invention is not opened to drain the heat transfer medium and replace it with air, but to point out a targeted way out of the collector during boiling expansion heat transfer, which is closed again when the vaporized heat carrier has condensed again in the cooled collector and has flowed back into the vacuum.
    A particularly suitable for the application of the invention, heat transfer medium is water, because with water evaporation and condensation can be handled relatively easily, economically and in any repetition without aging of the heat carrier, because water behaves chemically and physically stable in thermal stagnation in the collector, d. H. reversible. This is even more important the higher the stagnation temperatures are. Particularly high stagnation temperatures have vacuum collectors in general and Dewar or Sydney evacuated tube collectors with CPC levels in particular, as e.g. B. in DE 20 2012 011 344 U1 are described. When the invention is used with a heat transfer medium other than water, such as. As glycol-water mixture or thermal oil, it is advantageous if the heat consumer comprises a heat exchanger.
    An advantage of the invention is that it is applicable to any size solar systems whose collector fields can consist of any number of individual collectors. This is possible because in the entire collector field at all times always only heat carrier remains, which is present in the operating state collector overheating as steam on cooling but below the condensation temperature but again becomes liquid and fills the entire collector field again with liquid. This requires, unlike z. As in drain-back systems, no filling device, it is enough alone the vacuum in the collector field or the pressure of the heat carrier from the outside.
    In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the Druckhaiteeinrichtung comprises for setting the first target pressure, a first pressure holding station and for setting the second target pressure, a second pressure holding station, wherein the adjusting means comprises a first, a second and a third, each adjustable in a passage and a blocking pitch actuator wherein the collector inlet is connectable via the first actuating element to the second pressure holding station, wherein the second actuating element is arranged in the solar inlet line between the outlet of the solar pump and the collector inlet, wherein the third adjusting element is arranged in the solar outlet between the collector outlet and the inlet opening of the heat consumer wherein the first pressure holding station is connected to a portion of the solar circuit extending from the third actuator in the conveying direction of the heat carrier to the second actuator and beinh the heat consumer and wherein the actuating elements are so in control connection with the operating state detecting means, that the first actuating element in the blocking division and the second and third actuating element are arranged in the passage position when the stagnation operating state is not detected, and that the first actuating element in the passage position and the second and third actuating element are arranged in the blocking division, when the stagnation operating state is detected. The pressure reduction through the second pressure holding station thus takes place via the solar inlet line. Because this is located at the colder end of the collector, the outflow of the heat carrier from the collector in this direction occurs with less vapor than in the outflow via the hotter Solarauslassleitung. The pressure reduction via the solar inlet line is achieved by the solar actuator opening the first actuating element is arranged in the conveying direction of the solar pump after the closing second actuator. The pressure in the heat consumer is set via the first pressure holding station, which only sets the pressure for the entire solar circuit and in particular the pressure in the collector, as long as the stagnation operating state does not occur.
    In a further development of the invention, the collector outlet is connected to the second pressure holding station via a line in which a fourth adjusting element which is adjustable in a passage and a blocking section is arranged, wherein the operating state detecting device is in control connection with the fourth setting element the fourth adjusting element is arranged in the blocking division, when the stagnation operating state is not detected, and that the fourth adjusting element is arranged in the on-position when the stagnation operating state is detected. As a result of this measure, in addition to the pressure reduction via the solar inlet line, the pressure in the collector can also be diverted ahead of the third actuating element via the solar outlet line to the pressure holding device. As a result, the heat transfer medium can flow out of the collector in the stagnation operating state in both directions, whereby the stagnation transition time, during which heat transfer fluid boiling occurs, becomes even shorter.
    It is advantageous if the Druckhaiteeinrichtung is connected via a connecting line to the solar circuit, and if in the connecting line a of the out of the displaced in the stagnation operating state of the collector heat transfer medium heat exchanger and / or heat exchange container is arranged. In this way, the heat flowing out of the collector heat transfer between the collector and the Druckhaiteeinrichtung still heat are removed before the heat transfer medium reaches the Druckhaiteeinrichtung. This may be necessary to protect the Druckhaiteeinrichtung from excessive temperatures or because vaporized heat transfer must first condense again to be taken up by storage vessels of the Druckhaiteeinrichtung can.
    The heat can be withdrawn from the outflowing heat carrier with a heat exchanger and / or with a heat exchange container. In this case, liquid heat carrier is cooled and vaporized heat carrier first condensed and then cooled. The resulting heat can be dissipated, for example, to the environment.
    In an expedient embodiment of the invention, the heat exchanger has a first inner cavity filled with the heat carrier, which is connected to the connecting line such that the first inner cavity can be flowed through when the stagnation operating state of displaced from the collector heat transfer medium, wherein the heat exchanger with a a heat carrier filled second inner cavity which is thermally conductively connected to the first inner cavity and hydraulically separated therefrom, and wherein the second inner cavity is connected to transmit heat to the heat consumer with the heat consumer in a first heat transfer circuit. As a result, the thermal energy contained in the heat carrier displaced from the collector in the stagnation operating state can be utilized by the heat consumer before the heat transfer medium is temporarily stored in the pressure holding device.
    Optionally, it is even possible that the heat exchange container is connected to the heat consumer via a second heat carrier circuit. Also by this measure, the thermal energy contained in the heat carrier displaced from the collector in the stagnation operating state can be released to the heat consumer.
    In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the pressure holding device has at least one heat carrier reservoir, adjusting means for adjusting the pressure in the heat carrier reservoir, at least one pressure sensor for measuring the pressure in the heat carrier and an adjustable pressure setpoint, wherein the adjusting means with the at least one pressure sensor and the pressure setpoint generator in a pressure control loop are switched. Thereby, it is possible to set the pressure in the collector to the first target pressure with the same pressure holding device when the stagnation operating state is not detected and to adjust the pressure in the collector to the second target pressure or lower when the stagnation operating state is detected. For this purpose, only a single heat carrier reservoir and a single actuating means is required.
    In an expedient embodiment of the invention, the adjusting means for adjusting the pressure on a pump and a bypass valve connected in parallel, which are connected in series with the heat carrier reservoir. This allows a simple design, robust Druckhaiteeinrichtung, is also suitable for large amounts of heat transfer. But there are also other embodiments conceivable. Thus, the Druckhaiteeinrichtung can also be designed as a membrane expansion vessel or as an automatic compressor pressure retention, the storage vessel receives the heat transfer medium from the collector.
    In another advantageous embodiment of the invention, the Druckhaiteeinrichtung has a heat carrier reservoir, which is arranged at a predetermined height relative to the collector, which is selected such that the pressure in the collector corresponds to the second target pressure when the heat carrier reservoir is connected to the collector. In this case, the second target pressure is generated by the static pressure in the heat carrier, which allows a particularly simple and inexpensive construction of Druckhaiteeinrichtung.
    The heat carrier reservoir may be an open surge tank. It is even possible that the second set pressure, which is present in the collector during stagnation, is the atmospheric pressure of the environment. If the heat carrier reservoir is arranged at a certain height above the ground, the static pressure of the liquid heat carrier corresponding to this height is added to the atmospheric pressure. Another possible embodiment is to exert a negative pressure on the collector in the stagnation operating state with a pump in order to accelerate the evaporation of the heat carrier. The second target pressure may be less than the atmospheric pressure.
    In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the operating state detection device has at least one first temperature sensor on the collector outlet and / or at least one second temperature sensor on the heat consumer and / or at least one third temperature sensor on the solar outlet line. In the operating state detection device, in each case a limit value can be stored for the measurement signals of the individual temperature sensors, which limit value is in each case compared with the measurement signal assigned to it in the operating state detection device. If at least one measurement signal exceeds its associated limit value for a predetermined period of time, the stagnation operating state is detected. If necessary, the rate of change of the measured signals can also be taken into account. Thus, for example, in the event that at least one measurement signal rises and quickly moves towards the limit value assigned to it, the stagnation operating state can already be detected before the measurement signal reaches the limit value.
    Because the solar system is closed, it always contains a constant amount of heat transfer medium. In order to maintain the balance between the amount of heat transfer medium, which is located in the reservoirs of the two pressure holding stations, the two pressure holding stations can be hydraulically connected to each other by a heat transfer device. This holds the reservoir of Druckhaiteeinrichtung for the pressure reduction at a minimum level, as long as no stagnation operating condition prevails, and prevents stagnation mode that the reservoir is too full. As an alternative to such a heat transfer device, the pressure holding device, as long as the stagnation operating state does not occur, change to a higher pressure than the operating pressure of the heat consumer and thereby maintain the reservoir of Druckhaiteeinrichtung at its minimum level.
    It should also be mentioned that the heat consumer may have a heat exchanger, at least one heat accumulator, a hydraulic diverter, a heat spreader and / or a heat network. If the heat consumer has a heat exchanger that hydraulically separates the solar system from the rest of the system, then no heat transfer device is necessary because then there is no heat transfer between the Druckhaiteeinrichtungen.
    It is advantageous if as few additional aggregates are necessary for the removal of heat. If the heat carrier always flows out through a heat exchanger, it is unnecessary to have to pump it through, because in this way the formation of steam in the collector also serves as a drive for operating the heat exchanger. If, in addition, the same pump, which otherwise conveys the heat from the collector into the heat collector when required, during the heat carrier boiling in the collector, promotes the heat of the outflowing heat transfer medium from the heat exchanger into the heat collector, then an additional pump is unnecessary for this purpose.
    Embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail with reference to the drawings. It shows:
    1 shows an equivalent circuit diagram of a first exemplary embodiment of the solar system, which has a pressure holding device, with which a lower heat carrier pressure is applied to the solar collector during a stagnation operating state than in the non-stagnation operating state,
    2 shows an equivalent circuit diagram of a second exemplary embodiment of the solar system in which the pressure holding device has two pressure holding stations which generate different set pressures,
    Fig. 3 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a third embodiment of the solar system, but wherein a pressure holding station has a heat carrier reservoir, which is arranged in a predetermined fleas above the collector, and
    Fig. 4 is an equivalent circuit similar to Fig. 2, but having additional heat exchanger for cooling displaced in the stagnation operating state from the collector heat carrier.
    A solar system indicated as a whole by 1 in Fig. 1 comprises a thermal collector 2 with a collector inlet 3 and a collector outlet 4 for a liquid heat carrier, e.g. Water on. The solar system 1 also has a heat consumer 5 or heat consumer, shown only schematically in the drawing, which has an inlet opening 6 and an outlet opening 7 for the heat carrier.
    The collector outlet 4 is connected to the inlet inlet 6 via a solar outlet line 9 and the outlet opening 7 via a solar inlet line 8 to the collector inlet 3 to form a closed solar circuit. For circulating the heat carrier in the solar circuit, a solar pump 10 is arranged in the solar outlet 9.
    The solar system 1 also has a Druckhaiteeinrichtung 11 for the heat transfer medium, which is connected via a connecting line 12 with a portion of the solar inlet 8, in the conveying direction 13 of the heat carrier or in the conveying direction 13 of the solar pump 10 from the outlet opening 7 to the inlet of the solar pump 10th extends.
    The Druckhaiteeinrichtung 11 has at least one closed heat carrier reservoir 14 which is filled with a gas cushion arranged therein with the heat transfer medium. The Druckhaiteeinrichtung 11 further comprises an adjusting device by means of which the operating pressure in the heat carrier reservoir 14 is adjustable to a first target pressure and a second lower target pressure in comparison therewith. As adjusting means for adjusting the pressure in the heat carrier reservoir 14, the adjusting device has a pump 15 and a bypass valve 16 connected in parallel thereto. The parallel circuit formed by the pump 15 and the bypass valve 16 is connected in series therewith between the solar circuit and the heat carrier reservoir 14. The conveying direction of the pump 15 extends from the heat carrier reservoir 14 and the solar circuit.
    To measure the pressure in the heat carrier, the pressure holding device 11 has a pressure sensor 17, which is arranged on the connecting line 12. In addition, the Druckhaiteeinrichtung 11 an adjustable pressure setpoint that is integrated into a control and regulating device 18 which is connected to the pressure sensor 17, the second pump 15 and the bypass valve 16. The control and regulating unit 18 has a data memory in which a first setpoint pressure and a second setpoint pressure which is lower in comparison are stored, which can be selected or alternately retrieved from the data memory and applied to a setpoint input of a pressure control loop. In the pressure control loop, the second pump 15, the bypass valve 16, the pressure sensor 17, the pressure setpoint generator and a controller integrated in the control and regulating device 18 are arranged.
    The solar system 1 also has an operating state detection device, by means of which a stagnation operating state of the solar system 1 can be detected, in which the heat carrier evaporates in the collector 2, is evaporated and / or the risk of evaporation of the heat carrier is given. The operating state
    Detection device has an operating program, which is stored in a program memory of the control and regulating device 18. In order to detect the stagnation operating state, the control and regulating device 18 is connected to temperature sensors 19A, 19B, 19C via electrical lines indicated schematically in the drawing, by means of which the temperature of the heat carrier at the collector outlet 4 and / or at the inlet opening 6 of the heat consumer 5 and / or on the solar inlet line 8 is measurable.
    In the control and regulating device 18, the measuring signals of the temperature sensors 19A, 19B, 19C are each compared with a respective temperature sensor 19A, 19B, 19C associated, stored in the data memory of the control and regulating device 18 limit. If at least one measurement signal exceeds the limit value assigned to it, the stagnation operating state is detected.
    The operating state detection device is in control connection with the pressure setpoint generator such that the pressure in the heat carrier reservoir 14 is regulated to the first set pressure if the stagnation operating state is not detected. In this case, the solar pump 10 is turned on, i. the heat transfer medium is circulated in the solar circuit. To turn on and off the solar pump 10, the control and regulating device 18 is in control connection with the solar pump 10.
    When the stagnation operating condition is detected, the pressure in the heat carrier reservoir 14 is regulated to the second target pressure. Since the Druckhaiteeinrichtung 11 is connected to the collector, the pressure in the collector is lowered by this measure. During the stagnation operating state, the solar pump 10 is turned off.
    During vaporization of the heat carrier located in the collector 2, liquid heat transfer medium is displaced from the collector 2 to the pressure holding device 15 via the solar inlet line 8, so that the collector 2 is emptied. By lowering the pressure in the collector, the emptying of the collector 2 is accelerated. When condensing the heat carrier in the collector liquid heat carrier from the Druckhaiteeinrichtung 11 is displaced back into the collector 2 to fill the collector 2 again.
    In the embodiment shown in Fig. 2, the Druckhaiteeinrichtung 11 for setting the first target pressure, a first pressure holding station 20A and for setting the second target pressure, a second pressure holding station 20B. The first pressure-maintaining station 20A is connected to the solar circuit via a first connecting line 12A at the heat collector 5. The first pressure holding station 20A has at least one closed first heat carrier reservoir 14A, which is filled with the heat carrier except for a gas cushion arranged therein. As adjusting means for adjusting the pressure in the first heat carrier reservoir 14A, the first pressure holding station 20A has a first pump 15A and a first bypass valve 16A connected in parallel therewith, which are connected in series between the first connecting line 12A and the first heat carrier reservoir 14A. The conveying direction of the first pump 15A extends from the first heat carrier reservoir 14A and towards the solar circuit.
    For measuring the pressure in the heat carrier, the first pressure holding station 20A has a first pressure sensor 17A disposed on the first connection line 12A. In addition, the first pressure holding station 20A has an adjustable first pressure setpoint sensor integrated with a controller 18 connected to the first pressure sensor 17A, the first pump 15A, and the first bypass valve 16A. The control and regulating device 18 has a data memory in which a first desired pressure is stored. The first pump 15A, the first bypass valve 16A, the first pressure sensor 17A and the first pressure setpoint generator are connected in a first pressure control loop. This has a built-in the control and regulating device 18 first controller.
    The second pressure-maintaining station 20B is connected via a second connecting line 12B to a section of the solar inlet line which extends from the outlet of the solar pump 10 in the conveying direction 13 to the collector inlet 3. The second pressure holding station 20B has at least one closed second heat carrier reservoir 14B, which is filled with the heat carrier except for a gas cushion arranged therein. As adjusting means for adjusting the pressure in the second heat carrier reservoir 14B, the second pressure holding station 20B has a second pump 15B and a second bypass valve 16B connected in parallel therewith, which are connected in series therebetween between the second connecting line 12B and the second heat carrier reservoir 14B. The conveying direction of the second pump 15B extends from the second heat carrier reservoir 14B and to the solar circuit.
    For measuring the pressure in the heat carrier, the second pressure holding station 20B has a second pressure sensor 17B disposed on the second connection line 12B. In addition, the second pressure holding station 20 B has an adjustable second pressure setpoint generator, which is integrated in the control and regulating device 18. This is connected to the second pressure sensor 17B, the second pump 15B and the second bypass valve 16B. In the data memory of the control and regulating device 18, a second target pressure is stored, which is less than the first target pressure. The second pump 15B, the second bypass valve 16B, the second pressure sensor 17B and the second pressure setpoint generator are connected in a second pressure control loop. This has a built-in the control and regulating device 18 second controller.
    In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the adjusting device of the pressure holding device has at least three adjusting elements 21, 22, 23 designed as valves, which are each adjustable in a passage and a blocking pitch. A first adjusting member 21 disposed in the second connecting pipe 12B serves to connect the collector inlet 3 to the second pressurizing station 20B. A second control element 22 is arranged in the solar inlet line 8 between the outlet of the solar pump 10 and the point at which the solar inlet line 8 is connected to the second connecting line 12B. A third adjusting element 23 is arranged in the solar outlet line 9 between the collector outlet 4 and the inlet opening 6 of the heat consumer 5.
    The solar system 1 according to FIG. 2 also has an operating state detection device which corresponds to the operating state detection device from FIG. 1.
    The adjusting elements 21, 22, 23 are in control connection with the operating state detecting device such that the first adjusting element 21 is arranged in the blocking pitch and the second and third adjusting elements 22, 23 are in the conducting position if the stagnation operating state is not detected. The entire solar circuit including the collector 2 is then connected to the first pressurizing station 20A and separated from the second pressurizing station 20B. This corresponds to the production operation of the solar system 1. During the production operation, the solar pump 10 is turned on. To turn on and off the solar pump 10, the control and regulating device 18 is in control connection with the solar pump 10. While the stagnation operation state is detected, the first actuator 21 is in the on-position, and the second and third actuators 22, 23 are arranged in the inhibition-division. The collector 2 is then connected to the second pressure holding station 20B and disconnected from the first pressure holding station 20A, i. the pressure in the collector is reduced compared to the production plant. If, in the stagnation operating state in the collector 2, heat transfer medium evaporates, liquid heat transfer medium present in the collector 2 is displaced or transported through the collector inlet 3 out of the collector 2 into the second heat transfer medium reservoir 14B. During the stagnation operating condition, the first pressure holding station 20A is connected to the heat consumer 5, i. the pressure in the heat consumer 5 is the same as in the production operation. During the stagnation operating state, the solar pump 10 is turned off.
    As can also be seen in FIG. 2, the collector outlet 4 can, if required, be connected to the second pressure-holding station 20B via a further line 24, in which a fourth adjusting element 25, which is likewise configured as a valve, is arranged. In this case, the operating state detection device is in control connection with the fourth actuating element 25 such that the fourth actuating element 25 is arranged in the blocking division if the stagnation operating state is not detected. During the stagnation operating state, the fourth control element 25 is in the passage position, so that during evaporation of the heat carrier in the collector 2 in this still befindlicher liquid heat carrier can also flow through the Solarauslassleitung 9 and the line 24 in the second heat carrier reservoir 14B.
    In the second connecting line 12B, a heat exchange container 26 is arranged, which is filled with a heat carrier, which has a lower temperature level than the heat carrier in the collector 2. When stagnation occurs flowing from the collector 2 to the second heat carrier reservoir 14B flowing liquid heat transfer medium through the heat exchange container 26 wherein the heat carrier coming from the collector 2 is mixed with the heat carrier supply and cooled.
    The further line 24 is connected via the heat exchange container 26 with the second heat carrier reservoir 14B. If, in the event of stagnation, liquid heat transfer medium should also flow from the collector 2 to the second heat carrier reservoir 14B via the further line 24, this heat carrier is also passed through the heat exchange container 26 before it reaches the second heat carrier reservoir 14B.
    As shown in FIG. 2, it can be seen that the second pressure holding station 20B is hydraulically connected to the first pressure holding station 20A via a heat transfer device 27. The heat transfer device 27 has a series circuit consisting of a third pump 28 and a check valve 29. The conveying direction of the third pump 28 and the passage direction of the check valve 29 are arranged such that the heat transfer medium can only flow from the second heat carrier reservoir 14B to the first second heat carrier reservoir 14A, ie from the lower to the higher pressure level, via heat carrier compensation device 27.
    The embodiment shown in Fig. 3 corresponds substantially to that in Fig. 2, but with the difference that the second pressure holding station 20 B is formed by a heat carrier reservoir 14 B ', which is designed such that the heat transfer medium therein is subjected to the atmospheric pressure. This can be achieved, for example, by contacting the heat carrier in the heat carrier reservoir 14B 'directly or indirectly via an elastic membrane with the atmosphere. The height at which the heat carrier reservoir 14B 'is arranged relative to the collector 2 is selected such that the pressure in the collector 2 corresponds to the second target pressure when the second heat carrier reservoir 14B' is connected to the collector 2.
    The embodiment shown in Fig. 4 corresponds substantially to that in Fig. 2, but with the difference that between the solar inlet 8 and the heat exchange container 26, a first heat exchanger 30 is arranged in the second connecting line 12 B. The first heat exchanger 30 is connected via a first heat exchanger inlet line 31 to a section of the solar inlet line 8, which extends from the outlet of the solar pump 10 in the conveying direction 13 of the solar pump 10 to the second control element 22. In the first heat exchanger inlet line 31, a fifth actuator 32 is arranged, which is so in control connection with the control and regulating device 18, that the fifth actuator 32 is arranged in the open position when the stagnation operating state is detected. If the stagnation operating state is not detected, the fifth actuator 32 is in the lock-up division. In addition, the first heat exchanger 30 is connected via a first heat exchanger outlet line 33 with a portion of the solar outlet 9, which extends from the third control element 23 in the conveying direction 13 of the solar pump 10 to the inlet opening 6 of the heat consumer 5. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 4, the solar pump 10 is also switched on during the stagnation operating state to pump the heat carrier through a first heat transfer in which the first heat exchanger 30, the heat consumer 5 and the fifth actuator 32 are connected in series.
    If necessary, the solar system 1 may have, in addition to the first heat exchanger 30 or, alternatively, a second heat exchanger 33 and a fourth pump 35 connected in series therewith.
    The second heat exchanger 34 is connected via a second heat exchanger inlet line 36 with a portion of the solar inlet 8, which extends from the outlet of the solar pump 10 in the conveying direction 13 of the solar pump 10 to the second control element 22. In addition, the second heat exchanger 34 is connected via a second heat exchanger outlet line 37 with a portion of the solar outlet 9, which extends from the third control element 23 in the conveying direction 13 of the solar pump 10 to the inlet opening 6 of the heat consumer 5. The fourth pump 35 is so in control connection with the control and regulating device 18 that it is switched on when the stagnation operating state is detected. In this case, the fourth pump 35 pumps the heat transfer medium through a second heat carrier circuit, in which the second heat exchanger 34, the heat consumer 5 and the heat exchange container 26 are connected in series. If the stagnation mode is not detected, the fourth pump 35 is off.
    权利要求:
    Claims (14)
    [1]
    claims
    1. solar system (1) having at least one thermal collector (2) with a collector inlet (3) and a collector outlet (4) for a liquid heat carrier, a heat collector (5) and a solar pump (10) for circulating the heat carrier, the to form a closed solar circuit via a solar inlet (8) and a solar outlet (9) are interconnected, as well as with a Druckhaiteeinrichtung (11) for the heat carrier, which is connected to the collector (2) or connectable, that during evaporation of the Collector (2) located heat transfer liquid heat carrier from the collector (2) to the Druckhaiteeinrichtung (11) out and displaced during condensation of the heat carrier in the collector liquid heat carrier from the Druckhaiteeinrichtung (11) is displaced back into the collector, the solar system (1) an operation state detecting device having sensors (19A, 19B, 19C) for detecting a stagnation operation state, in which the heat transfer medium in the collector (2) evaporates, is evaporated or the possibility of evaporation of the heat carrier is given, characterized in that the Druckhaiteeinrichtung (11) has an adjusting means by which the operating pressure in the collector (2) to a the first target pressure and a lower second target pressure is adjustable, and that the operating state detecting means is in control communication with the setting means such that the first target pressure is applied when the stagnation operating state is not detected and the second, lower target pressure is applied, when the stagnation operating condition is detected.
    [2]
    2. Solar system (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the Druckhaiteeinrichtung (11) for setting the first target pressure, a first pressure holding station (20A) and for setting the second target pressure, a second pressure holding station (20B), that the setting means a first, a second and a third adjusting element (21, 22, 23) which can be adjusted in each case into a passage and a blocking graduation, that the collector inlet (3) can be connected to the second pressure holding station (20B) via the first adjusting element (21) second adjusting element (22) in the solar inlet line (8) between the outlet of the solar pump (10) and the collector inlet (3) is arranged, that the third adjusting element (23) in the solar outlet (9) between the collector outlet (4) and an inlet opening (6) of the heat consumer (5) is arranged such that the first pressure holding station (11) is connected to a portion of the solar circuit extending from the third control element (23) in Conveying direction (13) of the heat carrier to the second actuating element (22) and the heat consumer (5) includes, and that the adjusting elements (21,22, 23) are so in control connection with the operating state detecting means that the first actuating element (21) in the blocking pitch and the second and third adjusting elements (22, 23) are arranged in the passage position when the stagnation operating state is not detected, and that the first adjusting element (21) in the passage position and the second and third adjusting element (22, 23 ) are arranged in the blocking division when the stagnation operating condition is detected.
    [3]
    3. solar system (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the solar outlet (9) via a line (24), in which a fourth, in a passage and a blocking pitch adjustable adjusting element (25) is arranged with the second pressure holding station (20B), and in that the operating state detecting means is in control communication with the fourth adjusting element (25) such that the fourth adjusting element (25) is arranged in the blocking division when the stagnation operating state is not detected; the fourth adjusting element (25) is arranged in the passage position when the stagnation operating state is detected.
    [4]
    4. solar system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the Druckhaiteeinrichtung (11) via a connecting line (12, 12 B) is connected to the solar circuit, and that in the connecting line (12, 12 B) one of the in the stagnation operating state from the collector (2) displaced heat transfer medium throughflowable heat exchanger (30) and / or a heat exchange container (26) is arranged.
    [5]
    5. Solar system (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the heat exchanger (30) has a filled with the heat transfer medium first inner cavity, which is connected to the connecting line (12, 12 B), that the first inner cavity at the occurrence of stagnation Operational state of displaced from the collector (2) heat transfer medium is flowed through, that the heat exchanger (30) has a filled with a heat carrier second inner cavity which is thermally conductively connected to the first inner cavity and hydraulically separated therefrom, and that the second inner cavity for the transmission of Heat to the heat consumer (5) with the heat consumer (5) is connected in a first heat carrier circuit.
    [6]
    6. solar system (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that the heat exchange container (26) with the heat consumer (5) is connected via a second heat carrier circuit.
    [7]
    7. solar system (1) according to claim one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the Druckhaiteeinrichtung (11) at least one heat carrier reservoir (14A, 14B), adjusting means (15A, 15B, 16A, 16B) for adjusting the pressure in the heat carrier reservoir ( 14A, 14B), at least one pressure sensor (17A, 17B) for measuring the pressure in the heat carrier and an adjustable pressure setpoint generator, and that the adjusting means are connected to the at least one pressure sensor (17A, 17B) and the pressure setpoint generator in a pressure control loop.
    [8]
    8. solar system (1) according to claim 7, characterized in that the adjusting means for adjusting the pressure of a pump (15A, 15B) and a bypass valve connected in parallel (16A, 16B), with the heat carrier reservoir (14A, 14B) in Series are switched.
    [9]
    9. solar system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the Druckhaiteeinrichtung (11) has a heat carrier reservoir (14 B) which is arranged at a predetermined height relative to the collector (2), which is selected such that the pressure in the collector (2) corresponds to the second target pressure when the heat carrier reservoir (14B) is connected to the collector (2).
    [10]
    10. solar system (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that the heat carrier reservoir (14 B) is an open expansion tank.
    [11]
    11. Solar system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the heat consumer (5) has a heat exchanger, at least one heat storage, a hydraulic switch, a heat spreader and / or a heat network.
    [12]
    12. Solar system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the operating state detection device at least one temperature sensor at the collector outlet (19A) and / or at least one second temperature sensor (19B) on the heat consumer (5) and / or at least one third temperature sensor (19C) on the solar outlet (9).
    [13]
    13. Solar system (1) according to one of claims 2 to 12, characterized in that the second pressure holding station (20B) via a heat transfer device (27) is hydraulically connected to the first pressure holding station (20A).
    [14]
    14. solar system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the lower second target pressure is a negative pressure, which is less than the atmospheric pressure.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    DE102016010396A1|2018-03-01|
    DE102016010396B4|2018-05-17|
    AT519035B1|2018-06-15|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    AT410988B|1999-10-22|2003-09-25|Helmut Ing Schmiedbauer-Wenig|SOLAR CONTROL|
    DE202008010401U1|2008-08-01|2008-10-09|Nazari, Hedayat|Solar heating system|
    EP2224175A1|2009-02-27|2010-09-01|Hauser, Oswald|Regulatory system for optimising energy gains in thermosolar assemblies with one or several synchronous pump and controlled and islanded motor valves|
    DE2722451A1|1977-05-18|1978-11-30|Bosch Gmbh Robert|EQUIPMENT FOR HEAT SUPPLY WITH SOLAR PANELS|
    DE3021422A1|1980-06-06|1981-12-17|Dieter Ing. 8000 München Raue|Solar heating system for service water - has pump controlling thermostat valves and vent for freezing, excess pressure and overheating protection|
    DE202006016098U1|2006-10-18|2006-12-21|Wagner & Co. Solartechnik Gmbh|Solar collector system for thermal energy has overheating protector with thermostat valve|
    DE102008038733B4|2008-08-12|2011-05-12|Resol-Elektronische Regelungen Gmbh|Method for preventing overheating damage to a solar thermal system|
    DE202012011344U1|2012-11-27|2012-12-05|Ritter Energie- Und Umwelttechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg|solar system|
    DE102014000672B4|2013-01-29|2015-07-23|Ritter XL Solar GmbH|solar system|DE102019004356A1|2019-06-24|2020-12-24|Ritter Energie- Und Umwelttechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg|Solar system and a method for operating the solar system|
    DE102019006054A1|2019-08-28|2021-03-04|Ritter Energie- Und Umwelttechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg|Solar system and a method for operating the solar system|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102016010396.5A|DE102016010396B4|2016-08-30|2016-08-30|solar system|
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