• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Apparatus and method for producing water droplets of a certain size (10) in a device for the artificial production of rain, snow or icing conditions with a plurality of spray nozzles (1) distributed in a flow cross section on a holding frame (4) with preferably pressurized water supply lines (3 ) and preferably also gas supply lines, with the most homogeneous distribution of the droplets in cross-section and the most accurate possible compliance with a certain size distribution, taking into account the necessary water concentration in the acted cross-section effect. This is achieved in that a plurality of nozzle carriers (2) are provided, each having a static main body (2a) and at least one preferably coupled via a gearbox movable body (2b) and that at least one spray nozzle (1) on the movable body (2b ) sits.
    公开号:AT519015A4
    申请号:T51141/2016
    申请日:2016-12-14
    公开日:2018-03-15
    发明作者:Michael Wannemacher Msc
    申请人:Rta Rail Tec Arsenal Fahrzeugversuchsanlage Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to a device for the production of water drops of a certain size in a device for the artificial production of rain-snow or icing with a plurality of distributed on a support frame in a flow cross-section arranged spray nozzles with preferably pressurized water supply lines and preferably also gas supply lines.
    The above conditions also include cloud simulations and the required subcooling of droplets in the liquid state below 0 ° C (super cooled drops).
    Among the most important task areas of scientifically and economically used devices of the type described above, such as wind tunnels, climatic chambers, Icing Wind tunnels or experimental arrangements in the open air involves the simulation of various weather situations with different operating requirements, for example on means of transport, such as road vehicles or aircraft. For example, icing, snow and rain situations are investigated at high wind speeds and movement speeds. From a safety point of view, icing scenarios for aircraft represent a particularly important challenge in this regard, since through such freezing during the flight, the flight suitability of the aircraft can be severely impaired. Therefore, the accurate and most accurate reproduction of natural conditions is essential for the validity of the experiments. Essential parameters for the simulation of icing are the size or size distribution of the droplets, the liquid volume in the air, and the distribution of the droplets in the applied cross-section.
    Systems are already known which try to make the size of the droplets as accurate as possible. For example, CN 102 636 327 A shows a nozzle system which uses piezoelectric atomization.
    From US 2013/0239670 Al control systems are known which deal with the adjustment and monitoring of the droplet size.
    Depending on the desired size of the droplets and the ambient temperature, it may be necessary to use nozzles which have a gas supply in addition to the liquid supply. These nozzles, which usually work with compressed air, are already known.
    However, it is also necessary to be able to design the distribution of the droplets within the applied cross section according to the necessity of the experiment. The importance of the distribution is already apparent from the fact that the European Aviation Safety Agency in icing tests of aircraft requires a homogeneous distribution of droplets in the cross section of the wind tunnel and the most accurate adherence to a particular size distribution of the droplets in cross section and the liquid volume in the air and allows only very small deviations.
    In particular, the defined distribution of droplets of a certain size has proven to be difficult. It has been found that the distribution of smaller droplets within the flow cross-section are sufficiently fluidized by the wind flow alone due to their low mass. However, this is no longer the case when using larger droplets, such as so-called "super cooled large drops", which are necessary for the simulation of freezing fog or rain. Because of the large mass of the particles and associated inertia they are no longer sufficiently vortexed.
    The question of the distribution of the droplets within the applied cross section and the size distribution has so far been dealt with in an inadequate way. Usually, one- or two-fluid nozzles are arranged in dies or other shapes in a flow cross-section, so as to ensure the most homogeneous possible distribution (distribution). However, this does not always provide satisfactory results. In particular, the homogeneous distribution of large, or even supercooled droplets (super cooled large drops) represents a special challenge.
    The object of the invention is therefore in addition to the above-mentioned problems, a device or method for producing water droplets of a certain size to simulate rain, snow or icing conditions or to carry out cloud simulations with multiple distributed in a flow cross-section arranged spray nozzles preferably under pressure provide stationary water supply lines and preferably also gas supply lines, with the most homogeneous distribution of the droplets in the
    Cross-section and the most accurate possible compliance with a certain size distribution, taking into account the necessary water concentration in beauf beaufufem cross-section effect.
    This is achieved in that a plurality of nozzle carriers are provided, each having a static base body and at least one movable body and that at least one spray nozzle is seated on the movable body.
    By moving on a defined path spray nozzles, the amount of droplets in space is distributed in a specific manner, which can result in different distribution patterns depending on the rotational speed and embodiment of the movable body. Even heavier droplets are thereby distributed in a wider field and it prevents the formation of undesirable distribution deviations and favors a homogeneous distribution.
    In addition, the effective area in the flow cross section per moving nozzle is increased by the movement of the nozzle. As a result, sometimes not so close-meshed nozzle arrangements are necessary, which also reduces the flow resistance of the entire system and the design possibilities for a certain water concentration, especially a smaller number of larger droplets, in volume favors.
    Also advantageous is the resulting better supply of the fairing areas of the wind tunnel cross-section with droplets. As a result, the homogenized region of the cross section can be extended particularly far.
    The movable body can be designed differently. So it is possible to realize him as a sledge, which runs along a defined path. However, a particularly simple technical design is to run it as a rotor. As a result, the effective range of the nozzles is greatly increased, but the air resistance is only slightly increased.
    It is particularly favorable when the rotor has an arm segment which extends substantially radially from the axis of rotation of the rotor and on which the spray nozzle is seated, since this further increases the effective area. There are arms of different, preferably aerodynamic forms conceivable. There may be a plurality of nozzles on a rotor for further variation of the droplet distribution, whereby different distribution profiles can be effected depending on their arrangements.
    In principle, the angle between the outlet opening of the spray nozzle and the flow direction can also be varied. However, an alignment of at least most of the nozzles in the flow direction has proved to be particularly effective. However, various patterns are also possible here, for example, the spray nozzles near the outer wall of a wind tunnel can have a larger angle, while the nozzles are directed inside substantially in the flow direction.
    The drive of the rotor can be active or passive. Thus, with proper shaping of the rotor, for example, similar to a rotor blade of a wind turbine, the movement can be effected by the generated wind of the system. However, more advantageous is the active movement of the rotor by a motor associated with it. As a result, the speed or the acceleration behavior can be regulated independently of the wind speed and even changed during an experiment.
    If the arm segment can be changed in size, for example telescopically, the rotational path which describes the spray nozzle in its movement can be changed. As a result, a wide variety of rotational paths for the spray nozzles can arise. In particular, when the size change is operated by a drive, so defined rotational trajectories can be enforced. For the simulation of clouds and thus icing scenarios, cold ambient air is usually necessary. In addition, it is necessary to undercool the droplets (temperatures <0 ° C) and, if possible, to adjust them as close as possible to the ambient temperature without freezing them as soon as they leave the spray nozzle. Especially for large droplets, it is difficult to achieve this hypothermia. One way that favors this hypothermia is to pre-cool the necessary water supply. At the same time, however, it is necessary to prevent premature freezing of the liquid in the spray nozzle and associated clogging. As a result, it is usually necessary to appropriately temper the supply line to the spray nozzle. Depending on the experimental arrangement, or
    It may be necessary to make the supply lines heatable or temperature-controlled in the range of close to 0 ° C. Often, it is also useful and necessary to treat the water or gas accordingly, such as by deionization and filtering of the water and filtering the air of oil and particles, which may constitute a crystallization nucleus, thereby the possibility of hypothermia of the water without premature freezing.
    Further, after the drops emerge through the device, rapid rate increases of droplets caused by e.g. To avoid by too rapid increase in the air velocity after exiting the nozzle or acceleration by a contraction nozzle with excessive contraction to counteract by excessive relative velocities at the drop of a fragmentation, especially larger droplets (secondary atomization or secondary break up).
    It has also been shown that particularly favorable droplet distributions occur when the moving bodies of the nozzle carriers move synchronously, possibly with a defined phase shift.
    However, it may also be advantageous, depending on the structure of the experimental setup and adjustment of the experimental parameters, when the moving bodies of the nozzle carriers move asynchronously. The trajectories can be the same and not changing, for example, circular, but the moving body can also describe stochastic paths.
    Devices of the type just described are primarily intended for use in wind tunnels. Such wind tunnels usually have a wind generator, often embodied in the form of fan systems, which move air in the at least largely closed fairing of the wind tunnel in one direction. Preferably, cooling or heating devices are installed, which bring the air in the wind tunnel to the desired temperature. Typically, upstream of the test section are one or more contraction nozzles which taper the cross section of the wind tunnel so as to increase the wind speed.
    This rejuvenation can be achieved by uniform rejuvenation on all sides of the canal or by uneven rejuvenation. A particularly advantageous embodiment is to make the contraction by rejuvenation on only one boundary surface. This also affects the trajectory of the droplets, which you can use positively. For example, a one-sided taper at the top may be particularly advantageous because the trajectory of heavier droplets tends to gravitationally towards the ground. Too rapid drop of the droplets and an associated unwanted gradient formation is thereby prevented.
    Alternatively, such devices can also be used for pedestals or temperature-controlled halls, as well as in Icing Wind tunnels and air-conditioning ducts.
    The method described makes it possible to expand the range of action of the individual spray nozzle and thus to allow a different spray profile. Stochastic webs may be desirable, but it is also possible to produce elliptical or rectangular webs. Depending on the experimental setup, the distribution profile can be adapted to the respective requirements.
    When using this device in a contraction nozzle to increase the speed, e.g. In climatic wind channels, wind tunnels or icing wind tunnels, it is particularly advantageous if the ratio of the width and height taper of the contraction nozzle corresponds to the ratio of the width extension and height extension of the rotation profile. Thus, distortions of the distribution profile, such as compressions, which have arisen due to unequal high height and width tapering of the contraction nozzle, can be compensated.
    As a result, the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the embodiment variants shown in the figures. Show it
    1 shows a section through a nozzle carrier with a nozzle.
    Fig. 2 possible rotation profiles of nozzles;
    3 shows a schematic representation of a variant of an icing wind tunnel;
    Fig. 4 shows an apparatus for producing water droplets of a certain size.
    In the section Fig. 1, the structure of an embodiment of the nozzle carrier 2 can be seen in more detail. It has a static aerodynamically shaped base body 2a and a movable body 2b in the form of a rotor, wherein the movable body 2b consists of the rotational axis about the axis 6 6 rotatable 2bl and an arm segment 2b2. The arm segment 2b2 is telescopic and the spray nozzle 1 is located on it. The water supply line 3 extends inside the nozzle carrier 2, it rises from a water distribution pipe inside the holding frame 4 and leads via a rotary joint 5 to the spray nozzle 1. The spray nozzle 1 is attached to the end of the arm segment 2b2 and points in the flow direction 7. The movable body 2b is coupled via a gear (not shown) with the static base 2a. The gearbox determines the rotation profile.
    FIG. 2 shows a selection of different rotational profiles 8. A quadratic, an elliptical and a circular profile are shown, all of which are centered about the axis of rotation 6. In the case of the square rotary profile 8, the width extension 17 and the height extension 18 are the same length, the ratio is 1: 1. A rectangular rotation profile, not shown here, is also possible.
    Fig. 3 shows schematically the construction of a closed (Göttinger type) variant of an icing wind tunnel. He has a panel 9, which is closed throughout, only at one point, an opening 16 is provided for the passage of the channel. An apparatus for producing droplets of a certain size 10 is arranged directly in front of the contraction nozzle 11, which follows the test zone 12. The contraction nozzle 11 is designed so that it tapers uniformly on both sides. A fan 13 drives the air flow in the intended direction (arrow 15). It is also a cooling device 14 is provided. The panel 9 does not have the same cross section throughout. Apart from the contraction nozzle 11 a variety of extensions and less-developed contraction nozzles are realized. Thus, on the one hand, the cross section is arranged as closely as possible around the fan 13 in order to increase its efficiency, on the other hand, the cross section widened after the test zone 12 or before the cooling system 14.
    Fig. 4 shows an apparatus 10 for the production of water droplets of a certain size, on which a plurality of spray nozzles 1 are mounted. It is an embodiment with a die assembly of the spray nozzles 1. It has a jacket 15, the nozzle carrier 2 are lined up line by line on holding frame 4. In the lowest holding frame, a spray nozzle with static base 2a and movable rotor 2b is shown. On the latter sits nozzle 1.
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1]
    Device for producing water droplets of a certain size (10) in a device for the artificial production of rain, snow or icing conditions with a plurality of spray nozzles (1) distributed in a flow cross section on a holding frame (4) with preferably pressurized water supply lines (3) and preferably also gas supply lines, characterized in that a plurality of nozzle carrier (2) are provided, each having a static base body (2a) and at least one preferably coupled via a gearbox movable body (2b) and that at least one spray nozzle (1) on the movable Body (2b) sits. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the movable body (2b) is a rotatable about a rotation axis (6) rotor. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the movable body (2b) has an arm segment (2b2) which extends substantially radially from the axis of rotation (6) and on which the spray nozzle (1) sits. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least a part of the spray nozzles (1) are directed substantially parallel to the axis of rotation (6). Device according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the rotor (2) is associated with a drive which drives it at a defined speed or speed. Device according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the arm segment (2b2) is variable in its length. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at least the static base body (2a) has flow-optimized shape. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the water supply line (3) or gas supply line is temperature controlled. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the spray nozzles (1) and nozzle carrier (2) on a holding frame (4) are at least partially evenly distributed over the flow cross-section. Device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the rotors (2b) move synchronously, optionally with a certain phase shift to each other. Device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the rotors (2b) move asynchronously to each other. Wind tunnel, climatic chamber, Icing Wind Tunnel or experimental design outdoors with preferably a wind generator (13), an at least largely closed panel (9), a test section (12), preferably at least one contraction nozzle (11) and preferably an air cooling or. Air heating device (14), characterized in that a device (10) according to one of claims 1 to 11 is provided upstream of the contraction nozzle (11). Wind tunnel, climatic chamber, icing wind tunnel or experimental arrangement in the open air according to claim 11, characterized in that the contraction nozzle (11) tapers only at one upper side. Wind tunnel, climatic chamber, Icing Wind Tunnel or experimental design in the open air according to claim 11 or 13, characterized in that upstream of the device according to one of claims 1 to 9, a flow control grid is arranged. Method for producing water droplets of a specific size in a wind tunnel for simulating rain, snow or icing conditions with a plurality of spray nozzles (1) with water supply lines (3) and preferably also gas supply lines distributed in a flow cross-section, characterized in that at least several spray nozzles (1 ) on a rotation path (8). A method according to claim 15, characterized in that the rotational path (8) is elliptical. A method according to claim 15, characterized in that the rotational path (8) is rectangular. Method according to one of claims 15 to 17, characterized in that the rotational path (8) is substantially perpendicular to the flow direction (15). Method according to one of claims 15 to 18, characterized in that the rotation path (8) has a width extension (17) and a height extension (18), and the ratio of the width and height taper of the contraction nozzle the ratio of this width extension (17) and Height extension (18) corresponds.
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    同族专利:
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    引用文献:
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    US6725912B1|1999-05-21|2004-04-27|Aero Systems Engineering, Inc.|Wind tunnel and heat exchanger therefor|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA51141/2016A|AT519015B1|2016-12-14|2016-12-14|DEVICE FOR PRODUCING WATER DROPS OF SPECIFIC SIZE|ATA51141/2016A| AT519015B1|2016-12-14|2016-12-14|DEVICE FOR PRODUCING WATER DROPS OF SPECIFIC SIZE|
    EP17816389.5A| EP3555586A1|2016-12-14|2017-11-29|Device for producing water drops of a determined size|
    PCT/AT2017/060316| WO2018107191A1|2016-12-14|2017-11-29|Device for producing water drops of a determined size|
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