• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Shaping tool (3) for a shaping machine (4) with a first tool part (1), a second tool part (2), a cavity (K) for injection between the first tool part (1) and the second tool part (2) a melt (M), wherein the first (1) and the second (2) tool part to the cavity (K) adjacent tool part surfaces (W1, W2), and at least one holding device (5) for holding a flat semi-finished product (H ) at least on the first tool part (1), wherein the holding device (5) has a holding device surface (A) adjacent to the cavity (K), the holding device surface (A) facing the tool part surface (W1) of the first tool part (1) is recessed at least in that area, in which an edge region (R) of the flat semi-finished product (H) can be arranged, so that the flat semi-finished product (H) in the first tool part (1) can be arranged sunk at least partially.
    公开号:AT518882A4
    申请号:T50868/2016
    申请日:2016-09-28
    公开日:2018-02-15
    发明作者:Paul Zwicklhuber Msc
    申请人:Engel Austria Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to a molding tool for a molding machine, comprising a first tool part, a second tool part, a cavity formed between the first tool part and the second tool part for injecting a melt, wherein the first and the second tool part adjoin the cavity adjacent tool part. Have surfaces, and at least one flattening device for the flattening of a flat Flalbzeugs at least on the first tool part, wherein the flattening device has an adjacent to the cavity Flaltevorrichtung surface. In addition, the invention relates to a molding machine with such a mold.
    One of the best-known molding methods of plastic materials (eg thermoplastics) in closed molds is injection molding. In injection molding, a usually granular starting material of a plastic is melted in a plasticizing and injection unit and then introduced into a closed mold. In this most tempered tool shaping takes place. After the plastic mass (also called melt in the hot state) has cooled, the mold can be opened and the urgeformte part removed.
    Injection molding is a process which is characterized by a very high design freedom. It is thus used for many components. Depending on the intended use of the components, the properties of the plastic can be adjusted by, for example, fillers or reinforcing fibers are added to the plastic. By the addition of reinforcing fibers such. As flax fibers, flan fibers, glass fibers, carbon fibers, etc., the mechanical properties of the plastic in terms of stability can sometimes be significantly increased. Thus, it is also possible to produce components which withstand high mechanical requirements. Generally speaking, the mechanical stability increases with increasing fiber length. The highest mechanical strengths are achieved mainly by continuous fibers.
    In the classical injection molding process, it is not (or only with great difficulty) possible to plasticize endless fibers, because the fibers in the plasticizing unit are broken and thus shortened by shearing, friction and other mechanical processes.
    So to reinforce components with continuous fibers, there is the possibility that the continuous fibers are subsequently attached by means of a joining process on the component. As continuous fibers here z. B. dry rovings are glued to the component. But it is also possible to attach so-called tapes and / or organo sheets cohesively by means of a welding process on the component. Tapes or organic sheets can also be referred to as continuous fiber-reinforced flat semi-finished products. These semi-finished products are already impregnated with a thermoplastic matrix. Disadvantageous in bonding and welding are the additional necessary operations, whereby the efficiency of the overall process decreases.
    For this purpose, a method for producing a structural component or a composite component is already known from DE 10 2010 054 195 A1. In this case, a semi-finished product is first formed, then moved into an injection mold and provided in the injection mold with a plastic. In particular, an organic sheet is used as a semi-finished product.
    In a similar manner, DE 10 2012 103 028 A1 discloses a workpiece suction holder with which a workpiece / component is held in an injection mold. Again, an organo sheet is discussed.
    Despite these holding devices described in these two documents, it can lead to problems with the positioning of the semifinished product during injection. Above all, a dislocation of the semifinished product can take place when the melt injected under high pressure hits. As a result, the molded part produced at the end no longer has the desired shape, since the semi-finished product is not positioned in the right place. This can have negative consequences for the mechanical strength of the molded part produced.
    The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a comparison with the prior art improved mold. In particular, the semifinished product should be kept as safe and stable as possible in the mold.
    This is achieved by a mold having the features of claim 1. Accordingly, the invention provides that the holding device surface is recessed relative to the tool part surface of the first tool part at least in that area in which an edge region of the flat semi-finished product (during injection) can be arranged, so that the flat semi-finished in the first tool part sunk at least partially is. As a result of this recessed arrangement, the melt front can not impinge laterally on the semifinished product, thereby avoiding undesired lateral displacement of the semifinished product. In other words, the retainer surface is set back. By resetting by a certain part of the semifinished product thickness can be ensured that the forces that want to shift the semi-finished product in position, are considerably smaller, since the melt front can not attack directly on one of the side surfaces.
    Semi-finished products are generally understood to mean flat components or components which are molded or encapsulated in a molding tool of a molding machine by a plastic melt and form part of the resulting molding after curing. As semi-finished reinforcing elements, organo sheets or tapes can be used. These semifinished products preferably have continuous fibers. Flat means that these semi-finished products have much larger dimensions in length and width than in thickness. For example, the thickness is at most 10%, preferably at most 5%, of the length and / or the width of the semifinished product. However, such flat semi-finished products do not have to have the same thickness throughout. There may be fluctuations or deliberately thicker or thinner areas.
    In general, it is the case that with the injection and curing of the melt, this plastic compound is materially bonded to the preferably thermoplastic and fiber-reinforced semifinished product.
    The edge region is that region of the semifinished product which forms at least part of the side of the semifinished product. In general, this edge region can form the entire circumferential lateral boundary of the semifinished product. The width of the edge region may be about 15% of the width of the semifinished product, preferably at most 10% of the width of the semifinished product. However, it is not absolutely necessary for the edge region to be recessed or offset in the first tool part along the entire circumference. Important for this is mainly that the part of the edge region can be arranged deepened, on which the melt impinges when injecting first. As soon as the melt exerts its pressure on the semifinished product in a first, relatively small area of the total surface of the semi-finished product (eg below 5%) and thereby presses against the first tool part, a very strong hold is already given. It is therefore no further displacement or dislocation expected. Thus, it is preferably provided that at least one injection channel for injecting the melt is formed in the mold, wherein the recessed edge region of the flat semi-finished product faces the melt flowing out from the at least one injection channel. The injection channel may be formed in the same tool part as the recess. An arrangement in the opposite tool part is possible. In other words, this means that the holding device surface is recessed relative to the tool part surface of the first tool part, especially in that area which is closest to the injection channel and has the smallest distance to the injection channel. The recess must therefore be formed only up to about where the melt already presses on about 5 to 10% of the surface of the semifinished product. For this purpose, simulations of the progression of the melt front can be used, from which it is then calculated how far a depression for the semifinished product is at all necessary. In principle, however, for a particularly secure hold, the semifinished product can be fully recessed in the first tool part or can be arranged.
    According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is provided that a step is formed between the holder surface and the tool part surface. This step can in turn be provided only in a partial area, which faces the injection channel. If several injection channels are present, this stage should be present at all those areas which are each facing an injection channel. However, it is preferably provided that the step is arranged around the entire holding device surface between the holding device surface and the tool part surface. For avoiding a displacement of the semifinished product during injection, it is already sufficient if the height of the step amounts to at least 25% of the thickness of the edge region of the flat semifinished product. Depending on the injection pressure, general shape of the resulting molded part and holding security of the holding device but also a higher level may be necessary. For example, the height of the step can be at least 50%, preferably at least 75%, of the thickness of the edge region of the flat semifinished product. In order to avoid shifting even more securely, it is preferably provided that the height of the step is at least equal to the thickness of the edge region of the flat semi-finished product.
    The specific configuration of the holding device is arbitrary per se, as long as a certain hold for the semifinished product is ensured in the mold with this holding device. For example, this stop can be generated by applying an electrical voltage to generate an electric field between a tool part and a semi-finished product. The adhesion is due to the electrostatic field and the electrical polarization. As an example, reference may be made to DE 100 12 378 C2. Preferably, however, it is provided that the holding device has a negative pressure generating device with which a suppression can be generated between the holding device surface and the flat semi-finished product. In other words, a vacuum is generated between the semifinished product and the holding device surface, whereby the semifinished product is pressed against the holding device surface.
    In principle, the suppression over the entire surface of the semifinished product can be equally distributed. However, it is preferably provided that a higher negative pressure can be applied via the negative pressure generating device in the edge region of the semifinished product than in a central region of the semifinished product. This ensures that the hold is highest especially where the risk of slipping due to the impinging melt front is greatest.
    The holding device can be integrated directly into the mold. For a simple and targeted production, however, it is preferably provided that the holding device is designed as a separate use of the tool parts in the mold. This insert can also be movable relative to the rest of the tool part, so that an adaptation to different thicknesses semi-finished products is possible.
    In order to keep the cycle time as small as possible, a temperature control device is preferably provided. By this tempering the tool parts and / or the holding device can be heated during injection and / or appropriately cooled during curing. It is preferably provided that at least one, preferably separate from the Werkzeugteiltemperierung, temperature control of the temperature control is formed in the holding device designed as an insert.
    In order to keep the temperature gradient between the surface temperature of the semifinished product and the melt (injection molding compound) as low as possible, the holding device is preferably tempered variotherm. Thus, it is possible to temper the holding device higher before or during the injection, so that a connection between the two materials can be made. With the end of the injection cycle, the holding device is again heated so that the component cooling is supported. The heating can be carried out preferably by means of resistance heating and / or induction heating. The cooling is preferably carried out with a medium temperature. Due to the variothermal heating, it is possible that the semi-finished product to be welded is heated to a temperature which is above the temperature of the rest of the tool part.
    In general, it should be stated that the cohesive connection between injection-molding compound and semifinished product is achieved by the corresponding spray-molding compound temperature. This must be sufficiently high, so that the surface of the semi-finished product is at least melted. As soon as the surface of the semifinished product is melted by the still molten plastic injected, the two plastics can bond cohesively during curing. For the mold described there are numerous advantageous embodiments. For example, the holding device may at least partially consist of a microporous material which is made permeable to air. These microporous materials have the advantage that over the entire application area a very uniform suppression is adjustable. In order to allow a media temperature in these microporous materials, it may be necessary that appropriate holes for the media temperature control, z. B. by means of adhesive, sealed. But the holding device can also be constructed of different materials (dense material and porous material).
    If the shear forces acting on a semifinished product are considered, if the semifinished product is not injected directly, then it can be seen that higher forces act on the edge regions of the semifinished product than in the middle of the semifinished product. Therefore, it may be useful that different levels of negative pressure from the holding device act on the semi-finished and thus different holding forces are generated. In order to achieve a higher holding force at the edge regions, the rear side of the holding device, which is designed, for example, as a microporous vacuum insert, can be machined to reduce the height of the vacuum insert. As a result, the pressure consumption is lower at these points and it can act through a higher negative pressure through the vacuum insert.
    Alternatively, however, a so-called gap vacuum can be used to achieve a higher holding force at the desired areas. Care must be taken in the gap vacuum to ensure that the gaps do not become too large and thus marks of the gap can be seen after the injection of the plastic compound on the semifinished product. The typical width of the gap is between 0.01 and 0.5 mm. Preferably, column widths between 0.02 and 0.15 mm are used. Especially if no microporous material is used, the suppression of the holding device is preferably realized with gap vacuum or very small holes and / or openings.
    Especially when using the microporous vacuum plate can be provided that microporous materials are used only on the edge regions. The remaining insert surface can be used for heating and / or cooling or for other or other vacuum holding systems.
    Preferably, it can further be provided that the holding part surface is coated with a relatively poor heat conductor. For example, the surface may be formed of PEEK. Due to this low thermal conductivity at the surface of the cohesive bond between semi-finished and injection molded is supported, since the introduced heat energy can be dissipated only slowly.
    With regard to the arrangement of heating or cooling elements, it may be provided that only heating elements are located in the holding device, while the cooling is located in at least one of the tool parts.
    According to a further preferred embodiment it can be provided that the holding device can be operated in reverse form as ejector. That is, not only by sucking the semi-finished product is held together with the injected raw material mass on the tool part, but by applying additional pressure, the molding is pushed away from the tool part or from the mold. Among other things, it is preferably provided that the suppression for holding the semi-finished product is generated shortly before the introduction of the semifinished product.
    The generation of the negative pressure ends with the completion of the injection phase.
    Protection is also desired for a molding machine, in particular for an injection molding machine or injection press, with a molding tool according to the invention.
    Further advantageous embodiments of the present invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the description of the figures with reference to the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawings. Show:
    1 schematically a forming machine,
    Fig. 2 to 4, the melt in the cavity at different depths sunk
    Semi-finished products,
    5 shows schematically a tool part including semifinished product,
    Fig. 6 is a schematic section of the tool part with a
    Commitment,
    Fig. 7 shows a variant of a tool part with a
    Holding device with microporous vacuum insert,
    Fig. 8 shows schematically a tool part with annular Spaltvakua in one
    Top view,
    9 is a schematic sectional view of FIG. 8,
    10 to 12 variants of the mold with oblique step and Fig. 13 shows a schematic section through a mold with a
    Recess only in the edge area of the Flalbzeugs.
    In Fig. 1, a shaping machine 4 is shown schematically in a plan view. This shaping machine 4 has, on the one hand, the closing unit 12 and, on the other hand, the injection unit 13. In this injection unit 13, the introduced via the hopper 14, usually granular starting material is melted or plasticized. About the injection nozzle 15, the molten granules is introduced as a melt via the injection channel 6 in the cavity K. The cavity K is limited by the first tool part 1 and the second tool part 2. These tool parts 1 and 2 can also be referred to as mold halves. Concretely, the cavity K is limited by the tool part surface W1 of the first tool part 1 and by the tool part surface W2 of the second tool part 2. These tool parts 1,2 together form the mold 3 and are fixed to mold platens, not shown. These platens are in turn via corresponding drive devices, for. B. via a toggle mechanism, relative to each other. In or on at least one of these two tool halves 1 or 2, a holding device 5 is formed. This holding device has the holding element 18, the vacuum channel 17 and the vacuum generating device 8. With this holding device 5, a suppression can be generated on the holding device surface A, whereby a semifinished product H in the cavity K is held on the holding device surface A and thus on the first tool part 1. Already in this FIG. 1 it can be seen that the semifinished product H recessed in the first tool part 1 is arranged or can be arranged around the step 7.
    In Fig. 2 is a section through a part of the mold 3 is shown schematically, wherein in the cavity K between the first tool part 1 and the second tool part 2 has already partially melt M is injected. The melt front of the melt M has not yet quite reached the semifinished product H. So far, it was possible by lateral impact of the melt front of the melt M on the semifinished product H that the semifinished product H has been at least partially moved. This could negative influences on the resulting molded part z. B. in terms of strength. Since according to the invention but now the holding device surface A is recessed relative to the tool part surface W1 of the first tool part 1 at least in that area in which an edge region R of the flat semifinished product H can be arranged during injection, a secure hold of the semifinished product H is given. In this case according to FIG. 2, the height h of the step 7 is approximately half the thickness d of the semifinished product H. As a result, the force of the impinging melt M acts only on a relatively small lateral surface of the semifinished product H, which is already sufficient. to successfully prevent a shifting of the semifinished product H.
    Such a shift is even more successfully prevented if, according to FIG. 3, the thickness d of the semifinished product H substantially corresponds to the height h of the step 7 between the holding device surface A and the tool part surface W1.
    According to FIG. 4, however, provision can also be made for the thickness d of the semifinished product H to be smaller than the height h of the step 7. As a result, the melt front of the melt M drops down from above onto the semifinished product H, as a result of which an additional pressing or pinching action occurs of the semifinished product H between melt M and holding device surface A is given.
    FIG. 5 schematically illustrates that the semifinished product H is arranged centrally in the first tool part 1.
    In the matching to Fig. 5 schematic sectional view of FIG. 6, the semi-finished product H is held over a separate from the first tool part 1 insert 9. This separate insert 9 has the holding device 5 and a carrier 16.
    Herein schematically indicated that in this carrier 16 and in the holding device 5, a tempering 11hot is formed and in addition a tempering 11 Coid for cooling the insert 9 is formed. Of course, these channels or areas can also be arranged serpentine or otherwise, so that in any case a desired temperature of the semifinished product H or of the resulting molded part is achieved.
    According to FIG. 7, the holding device 5 has a holding element 18 in the form of a microporous vacuum insert. This vacuum insert is arranged only in the edge regions R of the semifinished product H. The vacuum channel 17 leads from the vacuum generating device 8 (not shown here) to these microporous vacuum inserts of the retaining element 18. Via these retaining elements 18, it is only in the edge regions R that a negative pressure is applied to the semifinished product H via the holding device surface A. Thus, a hold is given by the holding device 5 only in these edge regions R. In the carrier 16 shown schematically and separate from the first tool part 1, temperature control channels 11coid for cooling and 11 hot for heating are also present in this case.
    FIG. 8 shows, in a schematic plan view, that it is possible to exert suppression on a semifinished product H arranged in the first tool part 1 via annular retaining elements 18. This holding element 18 is formed in the form of a gap vacuum.
    In the matching sectional view according to FIG. 9 to FIG. 8, it can be seen that the relatively narrow vacuum channels 17 of the gap vacuum are formed in the first tool part 1. These open into openings on the holding device surface A. These openings thereby form the holding elements 18. About this, the semi-finished product H is held or sucked on the first tool part 1.
    Compared with FIG. 9, in FIG. 10 the step 7 is not aligned normal to the flat semifinished product H, but as a slope. By means of this inclined step 7, it is achieved that the melt front of the melt M impinges laterally and from above onto the flat semifinished product H practically simultaneously. As a result, the semifinished product H is pressed against the first tool part 1 or against the holding device 5, whereby a displacement is prevented. As a result, the best possible introduction of force between the melt M and the semifinished product H is achieved. As illustrated in FIGS. 11 and 12, it can preferably be provided that this oblique step 7 forms a type of force introduction element. In this force introduction element, the ratio of base length x of step 7 to thickness d of semifinished product H (which in this case also corresponds to height h of step 7) is at least 1.5 to 1, preferably at least 3: 1. Due to the base length x is also the possible game between the
    Semifinished product H and the first tool part 1 defined. As a result, the introduction of the semifinished product H is facilitated. Fluctuations in the contour of the semifinished product H can thereby be tolerated. In addition, the inclined step 7 forms a kind of sliding guide for the semifinished product H, so that the semifinished product H is in full contact with the holding device surface A. This step 7 does not have to be formed around the entire holding device surface A, but may also be provided only in that region (or regions) of the first tool part 1 which faces the melt emerging from the at least one injection channel 6 (are). The slope of the stage 7 does not have to be constant, but may also have other shapes, such as curves, which favor the introduction of force. As shown in FIG. 12, the height h of the step 7 can also be greater than the thickness d of the semifinished product H. Thus, the semifinished product H is also approachingly fed from below by the melt M, or the melt M does not hit the side shown holding device 5. In general, it is also the case here that the semifinished product H and above all the holding device surface A are recessed in relation to the tool part surface W1 of the first tool part 1.
    Finally, reference may be made to FIG. 13, according to which only the edge region R of the semifinished product H is recessed in the first tool part 1. the central region of the semifinished product H is thus not sunk. In other words, this means that the holding device surface A is recessed only in the edge region R with respect to the tool part surface W1. Also in this embodiment, the step 7 is tilted. In this case, the holding device 5 has a plurality of vacuum channels 17, which lead to the holding device surface A or form a plurality of holding elements 18 via the openings. The injection channel 6, not shown, is arranged on the right side in this case, whereby the recessed holding device surface A faces the injection channel 6.
    In other words, the recessed holding device surface A is arranged in a region of the holding device surface A closest to the injection channel 6.
    In summary, it can be stated that, especially in the case of lateral flow on the semifinished product H, it is meaningful for a positionally stable holding of the semifinished product H that the semifinished product depth is incorporated in the holding device 5 or in the first tool part 1, so that for the flow front of the melt M a as flat as possible surface is created. It is also possible that the insert or the folding device 5 has a variable depth. So it is z. For example, it is possible for the flanging device 5 or the flanging device surface A to be deeper at the position which is firstly flown in order not to give the melt front a point of attack. As the process progresses, the depth of the whipper surface A may change. Another advantage of the at least partially reset flattening device surface A results when introducing the Flalbzeugs Fl, as this is better centered by the recess.
    Innsbruck, September 27, 2016
    权利要求:
    Claims (13)
    [1]
    claims
    A mold (3) for a molding machine (4), comprising - a first tool part (1), - a second tool part (2), - a cavity formed between the first tool part (1) and the second tool part (2) (K) for injecting a melt (M), wherein the first (1) and the second (2) tool part to the cavity (K) adjacent tool part surfaces (W1, W2), and - at least one flattening device (5) Holding a flat Flalbzeugs (Fl) at least on the first tool part (1), wherein the Flaltevorrichtung (5) adjacent to the cavity (K) Flaltevorrichtung surface (A), characterized in that the Flaltevorrichtung surface (A) relative to the Tool part surface (W1) of the first tool part (1) is recessed at least in that area in which an edge region (R) of the flat Flalbzeugs (Fl) can be arranged, so that the flat Flalbzeug (Fl) in the first tool part (1) at least partiallysunk can be arranged.
    [2]
    2. Forming tool according to claim 1, characterized in that in the mold (3) at least one injection channel (6) for injecting the melt (M) is formed, wherein the recessed edge region (R) of the flat Flalbzeugs (Fl) of the at least one Injection channel (6) outflowing melt (M) faces.
    [3]
    3. Forming tool according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that formed between the Flaltevorrichtung surface (A) and the tool part surface (W1) has a step (7).
    [4]
    A mold according to claim 3, characterized in that the step (7) is disposed around the whole of the flanging device surface (A) between the flanging device surface (A) and the tool part surface (W1).
    [5]
    5. Forming tool according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the height (h) of the step (7) at least 25%, preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 75%, the thickness (d) of the edge region (R) of the planar Semi-finished product (H) is.
    [6]
    6. Forming tool according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the height (h) of the step (7) is at least as large as the thickness (d) of the edge region (R) of the flat semi-finished product (H).
    [7]
    7. Forming tool according to one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the step (7) is aligned obliquely to the holding device surface (A), wherein the ratio of base length (x) of the step (7) to the height (h) of Step (7) is at least 1.5 to 1, preferably at least 3 to 1.
    [8]
    8. Forming tool according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the holding device (5) has a negative pressure generating device (8), with which between the holding device surface (A) and the flat semi-finished product (H), a suppression is generated ,
    [9]
    9. A mold according to claim 8, characterized in that on the negative pressure generating device (8) in the edge region (R) of the semifinished product (H), a higher negative pressure than in a central region of the semifinished product (H) can be applied.
    [10]
    10. Forming tool according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the holding device (5) as of the tool parts (1,2) separate insert (9) in the mold (3) is formed.
    [11]
    11. Mold tool according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized by a temperature control device (10).
    [12]
    12. Forming tool according to claim 10 and 11, characterized in that at least one temperature control channel (11) of the temperature control device (10) in the use as (9) formed holding device (5) is formed.
    [13]
    13. forming machine (4), in particular injection molding machine, with a molding tool (3) according to one of claims 1 to 12. Innsbruck, 27 September 2016
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    同族专利:
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    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
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