• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    In order to determine without doubt in a measuring system (2) whether measuring contacts (3), at which a voltage measurement is to be carried out, have been properly contacted, discharging in the measuring system (2) after closing a discharge switch (S1), which a charging circuit ( 5) with a voltage measuring device (V), the charging circuit (5) via an internal resistance (Ri) of the voltage measuring device (U). When the discharge switch (S1) is closed, closing of a measuring switch (S2), which connects the voltage measuring device (V) to the measuring contacts (3), determines the contacting of the electrical system (1) with the measuring system (2), in that the voltage curve (U ) is evaluated on the voltmeter (V) from the moment the measuring switch (S2) is closed. Advantageously, after closing the discharge switch (S1), the charging circuit (5) discharges via a discharging resistor (R) connected in series or in parallel with the voltmeter (V) and the internal resistance (Ri).
    公开号:AT518595A1
    申请号:T50339/2016
    申请日:2016-04-18
    公开日:2017-11-15
    发明作者:
    申请人:Avl Ditest Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Determination of electrical contact
    The present invention relates to a method and a device for determining an electrical contacting of an electrical system with a measuring system, wherein the measuring system can be connected via measuring contacts with measuring points of the electrical system, as well as the use of the device. For maintenance work on electrical systems, the absence of voltage of the electrical system must be determined before work can be carried out on it. The sole disconnection of the electrical system from the electrical supply network or from the electrical power supply is not yet a reliable basis for determining absence of voltage, since electrical energy is nevertheless stored in electrical energy stores, such as e.g. Capacitors, can be stored. In addition, other electrostatic charges are conceivable that can lead to a low residual voltage in the electrical system. But even a voltage measurement on the electrical system still guarantees no voltage, even if no voltage is detected. Due to possible contacting errors of the measuring contacts of a measuring device at the measuring object, it may lead to the faulty display of the absence of voltage or the display of a low residual voltage, although the measuring object may very well be subject to a (high) voltage. An electrostatic charge in the electrical system can lead to a low voltage display due to the high-impedance input of a voltmeter. Even a very low voltage indication can thus result from a faulty contact or an actual residual voltage from the system. For a reliable determination of the absence of voltage of an electrical system in order to safely carry out further work on the electrical system, therefore, a contacting test of the measuring contacts of the measuring device is required. In the case of a faulty contact, a lower voltage, in the worst case no voltage at all, could be measured than is actually present between the measuring points, which represents a potential danger for persons who are to carry out work on the electrical system. Conventional measuring devices do not offer this function. Therefore, the contacting test has been performed visually. That is, the user visually checks whether the measurement contacts properly contact the measurement object. In many applications, e.g. For vehicles with electrified drives, but can be carried out by the tight space or the location of the measuring points, a visual control of the contact not or not unequivocally. Furthermore, it can not always be concluded from a visual contact to an actual electrical contact.
    Although it would be conceivable to use the often present in measuring devices resistance measurement for a Kontaktierungsüberprüfung. In this case, a current or voltage source is integrated in the measuring device and by measuring the current flow via the measuring contacts of the measuring device can be closed to a contacted measuring point. However, only a purely resistive and also only a low-resistance resistor can be detected. A contacting error, which is equivalent to a high-impedance resistor, can be determined in this way but not sure and beyond doubt. In addition, a high residual voltage could destroy the meter when it is in resistance measurement mode.
    It is therefore an object of the present invention to specify a measuring system that makes it possible to ascertain in a simple manner unambiguously whether measuring contacts to which a voltage measurement is to be carried out have been properly contacted.
    This object is achieved by discharging in the measuring system after closing a discharge switch, which connects a charging circuit with a voltage meter, the charging circuit via an internal resistance of the voltmeter and with closed discharge switch after closing a measuring switch, which connects the voltmeter with the measuring contacts, contacting of the electrical system with the measuring system is determined by the voltage curve is evaluated at the voltage measuring device from closing the measuring switch in an evaluation unit. The contacting of the electrical system may for example be complete, partial or non-existent. The voltage curve on the voltage measuring device can also be displayed by a display unit.
    An evaluation of the voltage curve starting from the closing of the measuring switch can be, for example, the detection of a jump, which may be e.g. can be done by means of a differentiation of the voltage. It could also be a desired voltage waveform measured and compared with the actual voltage waveform. An integration of the voltage curve would be a possibility, etc.
    However, it can also be advantageously recorded after closing the discharge switch and before closing the measuring switch, a characteristic voltage waveform of the measuring system by means of the voltage measuring device. The characteristic voltage curve is compared with the voltage curve after closing the measuring switch, which can be concluded that a contact.
    The discharge of the charging circuit is basically via the internal resistance of the voltage measuring device. It is also possible to influence the discharge process via a voltage measuring device connected to the discharge resistor, whereby the charging circuit also discharges via the discharge resistor. This discharge resistor can be connected both in parallel and in series with the voltmeter. In the case of a parallel connection, the total resistance of the circuit is reduced and the discharge process is accelerated. In the case of a series connection, the total resistance is increased, whereby the discharge process takes longer. However, a discharge resistor in series also has the effect of current limiting. Furthermore, the dimensioning of the discharge resistor influences the time constant of the circuit. The charging circuit usually has capacitive components, an increase of the circuit resistance in the form of a series connection of the discharge resistor increases the time constant and likewise lowers the flowing current. This can serve a current limit. A parallel connection of the discharge resistor causes a reduction of the circuit resistance and thus a lower time constant and thus a faster off or Aufklingen the voltage to be measured.
    Advantageously, the measuring switch is closed when a voltage threshold is exceeded at the voltmeter. This can be avoided, for example, caused by power surges damage to sensitive electronics in the measuring system.
    The charging circuit may for example consist of a voltage source and a capacitor mounted in parallel thereto. In this case, a charging switch connect the voltage source to the capacitor, wherein after closing the charging switch starts charging the capacitor. As soon as the charging switch is opened, a charge remains stored in the capacitor. The capacitor can subsequently be discharged according to the invention after closing the discharge switch via the voltage measuring device and after closing the measuring switch upon successful contact via the total impedance of the interconnection of voltage measuring device and measuring system.
    It is also possible to use the device in such a way that, after successful contacting, a voltage applied at the measuring points is detected, advantageously by the voltage measuring device present in the measuring circuit. The concern of the voltage at the measuring points can be determined after or during the determination of the contacting from the voltage curve.
    Furthermore, the value of these voltage applied to the measuring points of the electrical system can be measured. Advantageously, this voltage measurement is performed by the voltage measuring device present in the measuring circuit.
    The subject invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to Figures 1 to 4, which show by way of example, schematically and not limitation, advantageous embodiments of the invention. It shows
    1 shows a connected to a meter electrical system,
    2 different curves of the voltage U,
    Fig. 3 shows a possible embodiment of the measuring device.
    The basic method according to the invention with a measuring system 2 according to the invention will be described with reference to FIG. On an electrical system 1, e.g. an electric drive system of a hybrid vehicle should be detected with a measuring device 2, the absence of voltage before 1 work can be performed on the electrical system. For this purpose, 1 measuring points 3, e.g. prepared measuring points, provided, which are to be contacted for measuring the voltage of any voltage applied by the measuring contacts 4 of the measuring device 2. In the measuring system 2, for example, a conventional voltage measuring device V with internal resistance R, provided for voltage measurement (indicated in Fig. 1). To reliably determine a proper contact, the measuring device 2 in addition to the voltage measuring device V also consists of a charging circuit 5. The charging circuit 5 has a charge storage for storing electrical charge and therefore, for example, a capacity, an electrical energy storage, etc. represent. Of course, any other type of energy source can be used. The charging circuit 5 can be connected to the voltmeter V via a discharge switch S1. Thus, the charging circuit 5 discharges via the internal resistance R of the voltage measuring device V, the voltage measuring device V recording the characteristic voltage curve LUar of the measuring system 2 resulting from the internal resistance R 1. The discharge switch S1 remains closed and subsequently the measuring switch S2 is closed, whereby in the case of a correct contacting of the measuring points 3 with the electrical system 1, the impedance of the entire system consisting of measuring system 2, i. Voltage measuring device V with internal resistance R plus charging circuit 5, and electrical circuit 2 changes. From the course of the voltage U at the voltmeter V before and after closing the measuring switch S2 can be concluded that a correct contact.
    The characteristic voltage curve LUar is shown in FIG. 2a. At time t-ι the discharge switch S1 is closed and the voltage curve sounds at the voltage meter from. If the electrical system 1 is not contacted, for example, if a measuring contact 4 is not or not fully applied to the measuring point 3, then the course of the voltage U at the voltmeter V after closing the measuring switch S2 (in Fig. 1 at time t2) continues to follow the characteristic Voltage curve lUar of the measuring system 2. The charging circuit 5 thus continues to discharge only via the internal resistance R, the voltage measuring device V, there is no jump in the voltage curve U on.
    If the electrical system 1 is contacted, then the measuring system 2, consisting of the charging circuit 5 and the voltage measuring device V with internal resistance R, is extended by the electrical system 1 after closing the measuring switch 2. By this extension, the impedance of the measuring system 2 is extended by the impedance of the electrical system 1 and thus it changes the total impedance over which the discharge current flows. This also causes a change of the voltage curve U at the voltage measuring device V, as sketched in FIG. 2b and FIG. 2c and described in detail below. Thus, a successful contact can be concluded.
    Advantageously, the measuring switch S2 is closed when a voltage threshold Us at the voltage measuring device V as shown in FIG. 2 is undershot after closing the discharge switch S1. This can be avoided, for example, by current peaks resulting damage to sensitive electronics in the measuring system 2.
    In addition to the internal resistance R, of the voltage measuring device V, as shown in FIG. 3, a discharge resistor R can be used to influence the voltage curve U and thus also the characteristic of the characteristic voltage LUar of the measuring system 2, in particular a time constant. A parallel connection of the discharge resistor R to the voltage measuring device V causes a reduction in the impedance of the measuring system and thus reducing the current constant. This achieves a faster curve.
    In the case of a series connection of the discharge resistor R to the voltage measuring device V, although the impedance of the measuring system 2 and thus the time constant increases, but also the maximum current is reduced, which causes protection for sensitive electronic components.
    As shown in FIG. 3, the charging circuit can be designed, for example, as a voltage or current source Q, which can be connected in parallel to a capacitor C via a charging switch S3. After closing the charging switch S3, the capacitor C is charged. After the discharge switch S1 is then opened, the charged capacitance can be discharged according to the invention via the voltmeter V. The discharge switch S1 can also be closed when the charging switch S2 is still closed. In order to ensure a discharge of the charging circuit 5, however, the charging switch S3 should always already be open for a certain time when the measuring system 5 is switched to the electrical circuit 1 with the measuring switch S2. If the discharging operation of the charging circuit 5 does not start before the closing of the measuring switch, it would not be possible to pick up the characteristic voltage waveform LUar of the charging circuit 5 since the electrical system would have already changed the total impedance.
    The voltage measured by the voltage measuring device V can be evaluated in an evaluation unit 6 and can be displayed on a display unit 7. Of course, the measured voltage in the evaluation unit can of course also be digitized in a known manner.
    The output impedance of the electrical system 1, which is located between the measuring contacts 4, is usually low. Thus, in the case of a successfully contacted, but between the measuring points 3 voltage-free electrical system 1 after closing of the measuring switch S2 at the time t2 at the voltage measuring device V, the voltage U drops sharply, as shown in Fig. 2b. This results from the decreased total impedance over which the charging circuit 5 discharges, composed of the electrical system 1 and the measuring circuit 2.
    If the electrical system 1 is contacted and electrically charged, the profile of the voltage U rises sharply after closing the measuring switch S2 at the time t2 at the voltage measuring device V, as can be seen in FIG. 2c.
    Thus, not only can be concluded on a correct contact, but also on whether in case of a successful contacting the electrical system is under tension, or is voltage-free. Advantageously, the voltage measuring device V is used to detect the presence of a voltage at the measuring points 3.
    The method and the device can thus also measure the voltage applied to the measuring points 3, which corresponds to the realization of a voltage measuring mode or a voltage measuring device. For this purpose, after proof of successful contacting and detection of an applied voltage, the discharging switch S1 can be opened with the voltage measuring device V to measure the voltage applied to the measuring contacts. This process can also be carried out automatically, i. First, the correct contact is always determined before a voltage measurement and the voltage measurement is only carried out when the contact was made.
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    claims
    1. A method for determining an electrical contacting of an electrical system (1) with a measuring system (2), wherein the measuring system (2) via measuring contacts (3) with measuring points (4) of the electrical system (1) is connectable, characterized in that in the measuring system (2) after closing a discharge switch (S1), which connects a charging circuit (5) with a voltage measuring device (V), the charging circuit (5) via an internal resistance (Ri) of the voltage measuring device (U) discharges, and that when closed Discharge switch (S1) after closing a measuring switch (S2), which connects the voltage measuring device (V) with the measuring contacts (3), the contacting of the electrical system (1) with the measuring system (2) is determined by the voltage curve (U) at the voltage measuring device (V) from closing the measuring switch (S2) is evaluated.
    [2]
    2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that after closing the discharge switch (S1) and before closing the measuring switch (S2) a characteristic voltage waveform (LUar) of the measuring system (2) by means of the voltage measuring device (V) is recorded, and that the characteristic voltage curve (UChar) is compared with the voltage curve after closing the measuring switch (S2).
    [3]
    3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the charging circuit (5) after closing the discharge switch (S1) via a voltage measuring device (V) in series or parallel discharge resistor (R) and the internal resistance (Ri) discharges.
    [4]
    4. The method according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the measuring switch (S2) is closed when the characteristic voltage waveform (UChar) at the voltage measuring device (V) falls below a voltage threshold (Us).
    [5]
    5. Device for determining an electrical contacting of an electrical system (1) with a measuring system (2), wherein the measuring system (2) via measuring contacts (3) with measuring points (4) of the electrical system (1) is connectable, characterized in that in the measuring system (2) a charging circuit (5), a discharge switch (S1) and a voltage measuring device (V) with an internal resistance (R,) are provided, wherein the discharge switch (S1) in the closed state, the charging circuit (5) with the voltage measuring device ( V), via the internal resistance (R,) discharges and thus the voltage measuring device (V) receives a characteristic voltage waveform (UChar) of the measuring system (2), and that a measuring switch (S2) and an evaluation unit (6) are provided, wherein the Measuring switch (S2) connects the voltage measuring device (V) with the measuring contacts (3), and the evaluation unit (6) serves to contact the electrical system (1) with the measuring system (2) from a voltage curve (U) Voltage measuring device (V) to be determined from closing the measuring switch (S2).
    [6]
    6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that a discharge resistor (R) is provided, which is connected to the voltage measuring device (V) in series or in parallel, so that the charging circuit (6) after closing the discharge switch (S1) via the discharge resistor (R ) and the internal resistance (Ri) discharges.
    [7]
    7. Apparatus according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the charging circuit (5) from a voltage source (Q). a capacitor and a charging switch (S3), the voltage source (Q) being connected in series with the capacitor (C) and the charging switch (S3), the voltage source (Q) being arranged to close the capacitor (C) after closing Charging switch (S3) to load.
    [8]
    8. Device according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that a display unit (7) is provided which represents the course of the voltage (U) on the voltage measuring device (V).
    [9]
    9. Use of the device according to one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that it is determined after successful contacting test with the voltage measuring device (V), whether an electrical voltage at the measuring points (3) of the electrical system (1) is applied.
    [10]
    10. Use according to claim 9, characterized in that when determining the presence of an electrical voltage at the measuring points (3) of the electrical system (1), the value of the electrical voltage at the measuring points (3) is determined.
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    引用文献:
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA50339/2016A|AT518595B1|2016-04-18|2016-04-18|Determination of electrical contact|ATA50339/2016A| AT518595B1|2016-04-18|2016-04-18|Determination of electrical contact|
    EP17717706.0A| EP3446134A1|2016-04-18|2017-04-13|Determining electrical contacting between an electrical system and a measuring system|
    US16/094,552| US10753985B2|2016-04-18|2017-04-13|Determining electrical contacting between an electrical system and a measuring system|
    CN201780030737.XA| CN109477865B|2016-04-18|2017-04-13|Method and device for determining the electrical continuity of an electrical system with an electrical contact of a measuring system|
    PCT/EP2017/058987| WO2017182391A1|2016-04-18|2017-04-13|Determining electrical contacting between an electrical system and a measuring system|
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