• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to an arrangement (100, 200) for producing images comprising an optical surface sensor (110, 210) having a number of pixel sensors arranged in rows in rows and columns, an objective (120, 220) having an optical axis (121 , 221), which hits the surface sensor (110, 210), in particular in the middle, as well as - an optical deflection unit (130, 230), preferably a prism or a mirror, for deflecting, optionally through the objective (120, 220 ), an actuation unit (180, 280) which rotates the deflection unit (130, 230) about an axis of rotation (131, 231) relative to the area sensor (110, 210) pivoted, oscillated or rotated, a control unit (170) which actuates the area sensor (110, 210) for taking pictures (171), and which further comprises: - a processing unit (175) which records the images (171 ) according to the rotational position of the op bring deflector (130, 230) into a standard orientation by computational shift and / or rotation and provide them as images (172), and - an overall imaging unit (176) comprising the images (172) an overall image (173), in particular a panorama picture, created.
    公开号:AT518355A1
    申请号:T50190/2016
    申请日:2016-03-08
    公开日:2017-09-15
    发明作者:
    申请人:Ait Austrian Inst Technology；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to an arrangement for creating images according to the preamble of the independent patent claim 1.
    Background of the invention is the creation of three-dimensional overall images, wherein a sensor is pivotally mounted about an axis, wherein in the course of the rotation, the sensor is aligned in different directions and by assembling individual partial images an overall image is created. The overall picture is advantageously a panorama picture, in particular a 360 ° panoramic picture.
    The overall image can be recorded in particular by virtue of the fact that, during the rotation of the imaging region of the sensor, the different images produced in the course of the rotations are composed in such a way that a uniform image is formed. In particular, with a complete rotation of the recording area in the scene, a 360 ° overall image can be created, which is band-shaped connected.
    From the prior art, different total sensors are known, in each of which the sensors are suspended in a rotating or pivoting manner, and the images created with the sensor are assembled on the basis of the central position of the sensor, so that the overall result is an overall image.
    However, there are significant disadvantages, in particular there is the disadvantage that the electrical contact of a pivoting sensor is subjected to particularly high mechanical stress and wear can occur. If the sensor is completely rotated several times, there is the problem that an electrical contact can be made only with sliding contacts, resulting in rapid fatigue.
    The object of the invention is to provide an alternative arrangement with which the present disadvantages are overcome and with the simple way an overall picture can be created. The invention solves this problem in an arrangement of the type mentioned above with the characterizing features of claim 1. In an arrangement for the production of images comprising - an optical surface sensor with a number of arranged in rows and columns grid-shaped pixel sensors, - a lens with an optical Axis, which hits the surface sensor, in particular in the middle, and - an optical deflection unit, preferably a prism or a mirror, for deflecting the, optionally deflected by the lens, visual lines of the surface sensor are provided according to the invention: - an actuating unit, the Deflection unit is pivoted, oscillated or rotated about an axis of rotation relative to the surface sensor, - a control unit that controls the area sensor for taking pictures, and further comprising: - a processing unit, the durc. Made recordings according to the rotational position of the optical deflection unit durc h brings computational shift and / or rotation into a standard orientation and provides them as images, and an overall imaging unit that creates an overall image, in particular a panoramic image, from the images.
    An optically particularly simple embodiment of the invention provides that the optical axis of the objective coincides with the axis of rotation of the deflection unit.
    Further possible mechanically alternatively constructed embodiments of the invention provide that the objective is arranged in the beam path between the deflection unit and the area sensor on the optical axis of the objective and is stationary relative to the area sensor, or that the deflection unit lies in the beam path between the objective and the surface sensor is arranged, wherein the lens is arranged to the deflecting fixed and stored such that it performs the same rotational movement about the axis of rotation as the deflection in the course of rotation of the deflecting unit.
    Particularly advantageously, it can be provided that the deflection of the light rays striking the pixel sensors of the surface sensor is between 60 ° and 120 ° by the deflection unit.
    For the preferred recording of images and further processing of individual recordings, it may be provided that the control unit has a position sensor which measures the position of the deflection unit during the production of the individual recordings and feeds the processing unit and the processing unit pictures from the individual recordings according to the position of the deflection unit created by displacement and / or by rotation of the recordings.
    To create overall images, it can be advantageously provided that the overall image-forming unit examines the images supplied to it for similarities, in particular to the same features contained in the images, and the overall image-forming unit assembles the individual images into an overall image by superimposing coinciding regions of the images in the overall image.
    Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided for creating overall images that the overall image forming unit determines the position of the image in the overall image on the basis of the detected by the position sensor position of the deflection in the creation of the overall picture in a first step and in a second step in the region of the determined position sets the final position in the overall picture by matching images with similar positions.
    A particularly advantageous control of recordings provides that the control unit is supplied with the position determined by the position sensor and triggers the area sensor at predetermined positions to produce images.
    A particularly simple rotating arrangement with advantageous control of the rotation or control of the signal generator can be achieved by the actuator rotates the deflection about the optical axis, and that the position sensor has a first signal generator, which, when the deflection at a predetermined angular position is located, a signal outputs, and that the position sensor has a phase controller, which is supplied with the signal of the signal generator and the controlled state in the presence of the signal of the signal generator, the measured angular position at its output so that the output of the signal generator forms the output of the position sensor.
    An advantageous possibility for creating overall images due to overlapping angle sections provides that the control unit controls the position sensor in such a way that the created images each show overlapping angle sections, in particular that each part of the scene depicted in an image is displayed in at least one further image.
    An additional or alternatively advantageous creation of overall images provides that the overall image-forming unit is superimposed on the partial regions of images originating from the same part of the scene, in particular by averaging the determined color and brightness values.
    An optically advantageous embodiment of an arrangement provides that the plane spanned by the rows and columns of the pixel sensors of the surface sensor is normal to the optical axis of the objective or to the axis of rotation of the deflection unit.
    An advantageous arrangement of the area sensor with respect to the optical deflection unit provides that the area sensor is designed such that its photosensitive area comprises as large a circle as possible, wherein the area sensor is in particular square, and / or in that the control unit controls the exposure of the area sensor a brightness adjustment with the previous recordings makes.
    An advantageous embodiment of the invention, which makes it possible to create light fields, provides that the overall imaging unit assigns images of the same object point, which were created in the course of the movement of the optical deflection of different beam directions, one pixel of the overall image, wherein they each individual intensity values determined assigns the beam directions under which light from the object hits the area sensor.
    A particularly advantageous arrangement for generating overall images with different image channels provides that the optical deflection unit has a plurality of partial regions that have different reflection properties and / or filter properties, that the control unit controls the production of images by the surface sensor in such a way that successive Images of the same area of the scene are each contained due to the reflection of the light emitted by them at partial areas of the deflection unit with different spectral ranges, and - that the entire imaging unit superimposed on the individual originating from the same Berech the scene recordings and such a multi-channel overall picture, especially a full color picture a red, green and blue color channel created.
    In this case, it may be advantageously provided for the formation of the subregions that the individual subregions of the optical deflection unit be realized by different filters or reflectors, which are permeable or reflective only for a limited spectral band, and that the overall image formation unit is the individual images originating from the same region of the scene superimposed and created such a color image.
    To create high-contrast images, it may be provided that the individual sub-regions of the optical deflection unit have different light attenuation and that the overall image-forming unit superimposes the individual images originating from the same region of the scene and thus produces a high-contrast image.
    In order to create separate overall images for each subarea, provision may be made for the optical deflection unit to have a plurality of subregions, each of which images at least one object point at a different viewing angle to the area sensor, and the overall image formation unit generates a separate overall image for each subarea.
    A particularly advantageous mechanical design of the optical deflection unit provides that the subregions of the optical deflection unit form a plurality of reflective, in particular mutually parallel, planes which are offset from one another in the direction of the optical axis and / or are pivoted at an angle α with respect to one another.
    A particularly advantageous embodiment, with which, in particular, three-dimensional images are possible, provides that the partial regions are tilted relative to one another so that the recording regions defined by the selection of the partial regions overlap one another at least partially, in particular in the largest possible range.
    A particularly advantageous use of the surface sensor provides that the deflection unit, the line sensor and the rotation axis are aligned with each other such that the area of the surface sensor which is exposed in the imaging of a predetermined object area remains as small as possible and / or as large a part the total area of the sensitive area of the area sensor.
    In order to create three-dimensional overall images, provision may be made for a 3D overall image formation unit to be provided which creates a three-dimensional overall image on the basis of two overall images produced and the specific arrangement and orientation of the partial regions of the optical deflection unit.
    In order to create a total light field image, it is possible for a light field overall image formation unit to create a total light field image on the basis of several overall images produced and the specific arrangement and orientation of the optical deflection units.
    A particularly detailed light field total image of the scene can be achieved with an arrangement which is characterized in that the light field
    Images of the same object point, which were created in the course of the rotational movement of the individual portions of the optical deflection of different beam directions, assigns a pixel of the overall image as components of a light field, wherein each of the individual intensity values determined assigns the beam directions under which light from the object to the Area sensor hits.
    In order to avoid overlapping of images that have been created by different partial areas, it may be provided that the overall image-forming unit does not use areas of the area sensor that lie in the intermediate area between the images produced as a result of reflection by different partial areas for the formation of overall images.
    A particularly advantageous embodiment of a 3D image recording unit is achieved with a combination of two arrangements according to the invention, wherein it is provided that a common setting unit is present which rotates both optical deflection units in common, in particular about a common axis of rotation, and the optical axes of the both lenses coincide and / or are on the same axis as the axes of rotation of the actuators; that there is a common overall imaging unit that creates a three-dimensional overall image from the total images created by the overall imaging units based on the offset and orientation of the deflection units.
    A mechanically simple expression of this combination provides that the two optical deflection units are connected to each other in a rotationally fixed manner, and that the surface sensors are directed from different directions onto the respective deflection units.
    Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that the surface sensors are arranged on the same carrier and are directed in different directions to the deflection units.
    A particularly simple data acquisition provides that a common control unit is present, which drives both surface sensors for taking pictures, and that a common processing unit is present, the images taken in accordance with the rotational position of the optical deflection unit by displacement and / or rotation in one Standard orientation brings and provides as pictures.
    The advantageous arrangement according to the invention avoids rotation of the sensor itself. Only the deflection unit is pivoted, rotated or vibrated relative to the surface sensor. A particularly advantageous mechanical configuration of the setting unit provides that the optical axis of the objective coincides with the axis of rotation of the deflection unit.
    Fig. 1 shows an arrangement according to a first embodiment of the invention. 2, a specific embodiment of a control unit is shown in detail. Fig. 3 shows the processing of the individual images by the first embodiment of the invention. Fig. 4 shows a second embodiment of the invention. 4, an arrangement according to a second embodiment of the invention is shown. In Fig. 5, a third embodiment of the invention is shown, which is particularly suitable for the production of color images. In Fig. 6, a specific embodiment of a control unit is shown in more detail. Fig. 7 shows the processing of the individual images by the third embodiment of the invention. In Fig. 8, the concrete procedure in the creation of a light field total image 473 is shown in more detail with an arrangement shown in Fig. 7. In Fig. 9, a fifth embodiment of the invention is shown in more detail, which is composed as a combination of two in particular identical arrangements according to the invention. FIG. 10 shows a fifth preferred embodiment of the invention with which light fields can be created by rotation. FIG. 11 shows a sixth preferred embodiment of the invention with which light fields with improved resolution can be created by rotation of an optical deflection unit with a plurality of partial regions.
    In Fig. 1, a first embodiment of the invention is shown in more detail. This embodiment has an optical surface sensor 110 which has a number of pixel sensors 111 arranged in rows and columns in grid form. Furthermore, the arrangement 100 shows an objective 120 with an optical axis 121.
    The plane spanned by the rows and columns of the pixel sensors 111 of the area sensor 110 in the present embodiment is normal to the optical axis 121 of the objective 120. This optical axis 121 hits the area sensor 110 in the center.
    Furthermore, the arrangement 100 has an optical deflection unit 130, which is pivotable or rotatable about a rotation axis 131. In the present case, the rotation axis 131 and the optical axis 121 of the objective 120 are identical. In the present case, the optical deflection unit 130 is designed as a mirror, which deflects the individual line of sight rays 151, 152, 153, which are directed by the surface sensor 110 onto the deflection unit 130, onto the scene. The part of the scene which is located within the receiving area 150 formed by the visual rays 151, 152, 153 is detected by the area sensor 110.
    An exact match of the optical axis 121 of the objective 120 with the axis of rotation 131 of the deflection unit 130 is not absolutely necessary. In particular, it is also sufficient if the optical axis 121 of the objective 120 and the axis of rotation 131 of the deflection unit 130 are tilted at most by an angle of 5 ° relative to one another. In the area of the area sensor, the two axes should be separated by a maximum of 5% of the image diagonal.
    The objective 120 is arranged in the beam path between the deflection unit 130 and the area sensor 110 and is stationary relative to the area sensor 110. The light beams 151, 152, 153 incident on the pixel sensors 111 of the area sensor 110 are deflected by the deflection unit 130 in the present exemplary embodiment. The deflection takes place at an angle between 60 ° and 120 °.
    The area sensor 110 is designed such that its photosensitive area comprises as large a circle as possible, and advantageously the area sensor is square-shaped. This has the advantage that as a result of the steadily changing image (Figure 3; 171a, 171b, 171c) of the scene, different, approximately rectangular areas are imaged on the area sensor 110 by the deflection unit 130, these rectangular areas being located on the area sensor rotate according to the position of the deflection unit 130 about the optical axis.
    FIG. 1 further shows an actuating unit 180, which rotates the deflection unit 130 about the axis of rotation 131 relative to the area sensor 110. In the present case, the actuator 180 is an electric motor whose drive shaft rotates about the rotation axis 131 and which is connected to the deflection unit 130 rotatably connected. When the actuator 180 is activated, it causes the deflector 130 to rotate. As a result of the different position 174 of the deflection unit 130 (see FIG. 2) during the rotation, different areas of the scene are imaged onto the area sensor 110 via the deflection unit 130 and the objective 120.
    The arrangement 100 further comprises a control unit 170, which actuates the area sensor 110 to produce recordings 171. 2, a specific embodiment of a control unit 170 is shown in more detail. The control unit 170 comprises an input connected downstream of the area sensor 110 and a control output 178 connected to the setting unit 180. Furthermore, the control unit 170 comprises a processing unit 175, a position sensor 177 and an overall picture setting unit 176. Preferably, the position sensor 177 of the control unit 170 detects the concrete position 174 of FIG Actuator 180 and the deflection unit 130. The position sensor 177 indicates the position 174 of the deflection unit 130 when creating the receptacle 171 for each receptacle 171 that the area sensor 110 creates. The position sensor 177 supplies the respective position 174 of the deflection unit 130 to a processing unit 175. This triggers, depending on the position 174 (FIG. 2), the area sensor 110 for producing images 171, in particular when the setting unit 180 or the deflection unit 130 are in a specific rotational position 174 relative to the axis of rotation 131.
    The position sensor 177 accordingly has a signal generator 177a, which emits a signal when the deflection unit 130 is at a predetermined position. The position sensor 177 also has a phase controller 177b, to which the signal of the signal generator 177a is fed and which, in the adjusted state, when the signal from the signal generator 177a is present, indicates the measured position at its output. The output of the signal generator 177a forms the output of the position sensor 177 in this case.
    The processing unit 175 is supplied with both the images 171a ... 171c (FIG. 3) created by the area sensor 110 and the position 174 (FIG. 2) determined by the position sensor 177. The individual recorded images 171a,... 171c are brought into a standard orientation by the processing unit 175 in accordance with the position 174 of the optical deflection unit 130 detected by the position sensor 177, by computational displacement and / or rotation. The processing unit 175 provides the individual images 172a,... 172c thus created in a standard orientation. In the present case, during the rotation of the deflection unit 130, the individual receptacles are projected onto the area sensor 110 from different directions, wherein, depending on the respective position 174 in which the deflection unit 130 is located, a rotation correction of the thus formed receptacle 171a, .. .171c is required. If the optical axis 121 of the objective 120 and the axis of rotation 131 do not coincide with one another, it may also be necessary for a displacement of the receptacles 171a,... 171c during the production of the images 172a,... 172c to be undertaken.
    The images 172a... 172c brought into their standard orientation are combined to form an overall image 173 by the overall image formation unit 176 corresponding to the position 174 of the deflection unit 130 when the respective images 171a,... 171c on which the images 172a, , The overall imaging unit 176 examines the images 172a,... 172c supplied to it for matches, in particular for identical features contained in the images 172a,... 172c. Subsequently, the overall image forming unit 176 assembles the individual images 172a, ... 172c corresponding to an overall image 173 by superimposing coincident regions of the images 172a, ... 172c. This can be done particularly advantageously by the overall image-forming unit 176 determining the position of the image 172a,... 172c in the overall image 173 on the basis of the position 174 determined by the position sensor 177 in the first step when creating the overall image 173. Subsequently, the final position of the image 172a,... 172c is determined for fine adjustment in a second step in the region of the determined position on the basis of matches with other images already inserted into the overall image 173. In this case, the images 172a,... 172c are inserted into the overall image 173 in such a way that mutually corresponding regions each come to lie in the same area of the overall image 173.
    In order to be able to carry out an alignment on the basis of identical features, the recording of the individual images 171a,... 171c is triggered in such a way that the images 171a,... 171c produced each show overlapping angle segments, wherein each image in an image 171a, ... 171c shown portion of the scene in at least two images 171a, ... 171c is shown. This makes possible a particularly advantageous superimposition of the individual images 171a,... 171c and / or images 172a,... 172c in the overall image 173. If, in the production of the overall image 173, a plurality of color and brightness values of different images 172a are obtained for individual partial regions of the overall image 173 , 172c or 171a, ... 171c, these can be adjusted by averaging.
    The rotational speed of the actuating unit 180 can also be predetermined by a control 178 of the control unit 170 in such a way that initially a brightness compensation is carried out and it is checked whether the control unit in the respective one
    Rotation speed achieved with the set sampling rate brightness in the sensitive dynamic range of the area sensor 110 is located. If the brightness achieved lies outside the sensitive dynamic range of the area sensor 120, slower rotation of the deflection unit 130 and longer recording intervals may result in a longer
    Exposure time can be achieved so that the pictures 171 or pictures 172 appear lighter overall. Conversely, by speeding up the deflection unit 130 and shortening the scanning intervals of the area sensor, a dimming of these recordings 171 or images 172 can be achieved in order ultimately to operate the area sensor in an advantageous high-resolution dynamic range.
    4, an arrangement 200 according to a second embodiment of the invention is shown, which differs from the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 1 only by the mutual position of the optical unit 120, 220 and deflecting unit 130, 230. In this preferred arrangement 200, the deflection unit 230 is arranged in the beam path between the objective 220 and the surface sensor 210. The objective 220 is fixed relative to the rotationally mounted deflection unit 230 and is likewise mounted in rotation about the rotation axis 231. In the course of the rotation of the deflection unit 230, the objective 220 performs the same rotational movement about the rotation axis 231 as the deflection unit 230.
    In Fig. 5, a third embodiment of the invention is shown, which is particularly suitable for the production of color images. The optical deflection unit 330 has two partial regions 330r, 330g, which have different reflection properties. The first portion 330r only allows red light to pass through or reflects only red light onto the surface sensor 310. The second portion 330g passes only green light, or merely reflects green light on the surface sensor 310. The control unit controls the taking of images by the area sensor 310 such that successive images 371a, ... 371c (FIG. 6) contain images of the same region of the scene due to the reflection of the light emitted by them at partial regions 330r, 330g of the deflection unit with different spectral regions. The individual available images 371a, 371b, 371c are brought into a standard orientation by the processing unit as shown in Fig. 6, where the images 372a, 372b, 372c are created. Two partial areas are found in the images, wherein the first partial areas 372ar, 372br, 372cr of the images 372a, 372b, 372c respectively show areas that have been reflected onto the area sensor 310 via the red portion 330r of the deflection unit 330 and wherein the second partial areas 372ag , 372bg, 372cg of the images 372a, 372b, 372c respectively show regions which have been reflected onto the surface sensor 310 via the green subregion 330g of the deflection unit 330. The individual subregions 372ar, 372r, 372cr, 372ag, 372bg, 372cg originating from the red or green subarea 330r, 330g are inserted into separate subpictures 373r, 373g separated by colors from the overall imaging unit, the creation of the subimage images 373r, 373g corresponding to the procedure the first embodiment of the invention takes place. The resulting total color image 373 is created from the two partial total images 373r, 373g, of which the first partial total image 373r forms the red color component of the scene and the second partial total image 373g the green color component of the overall image 373. Of course, instead of different filter properties of the lens (s) or different reflection properties of the mirror, as shown in FIG. 5, other filters or reflection properties can also be used. In principle, the individual subareas 330r, 330g of the optical deflection unit 330 are realized by different filters or reflectors, which are transmissive or reflective only for a limited spectral band. The overall imaging unit superimposes the individual images originating from the same area of the scene and thus creates a color image. A particular advantage of this approach is that the surface sensor 310 need not be distinctive for the individual color channels. Rather, it is merely sufficient that the area sensor 310 is undifferentiated sensitive for the individual color channels or spectral bands. Of course, the above-mentioned procedure can also be carried out with a deflection unit 330 having more than two partial regions with different reflection or filter properties. Overall, each area of the scene should be formed from each individual portion of the optical deflection unit onto the area sensor to obtain an overall image 373 having brightness information at each point for each of the color channels.
    Alternatively it can also be provided that the individual subregions of the optical deflection unit have different light attenuation, so that individual parts of the image are recorded with different attenuation. With this measure it is possible to obtain light incident on the sensor in a light intensity range which can be optimally resolved with the sensor without saturation effects or dark noise blurring the image. In this case, an overall image from the overall image forming unit may be composed of a plurality of whole images so as to form a high-contrast image.
    FIG. 7 shows a fourth embodiment of the invention with which a three-dimensional scene of the shot or a light field shot of the scene can be created. The arrangement, like the arrangements of the preceding embodiments of the invention, comprises an area sensor 410 with a number of sensor pixels 411, an optical deflection unit 430 and an objective 420. In the present exemplary embodiment, the optical deflection unit 430 has a plurality of subareas 430x, 430y, 430z, each of which images the same object point 490 to the area sensor 410 under different observation angles. In the present exemplary embodiment, the object point 490 is imaged via each of the subregions 430x, 430y, 430z of the optical deflection unit 430 onto a respective pixel sensor 411x, 411y, 411z of the area sensor 410. The individual subregions of the optical deflection unit 430 are formed in the present case as reflecting planes, which are arranged offset from one another. In the present case, the individual deflection units are pivoted relative to one another at an angle, wherein two adjacent partial areas 430x, 430y, 430z of the deflection unit 430 are each offset by 10 ° from each other. Due to the concrete tilting and pivoting of the individual subregions 430x, 430y, 430z of the optical deflection unit 430, a large overlap can advantageously be achieved. The area of the scene for which stereo information or light field information is present is particularly large in this case.
    In principle, as in the previous exemplary embodiments of the invention, separate overall images or partial overall images can be created for each individual subarea 430x, 430y, 430z of the deflection unit 430, which are combined to form a three-channel overall image 473. Based on the multichannel overall image thus created, a three-dimensional overall image or an overall light field image can be created. Basically, the same methods can be used for this, as in the creation of three-dimensional stereo images or light fields.
    In all embodiments of the invention used there is the possibility or it is for optimum utilization of the surface sensor of advantage that the deflection, the line sensor and the axis of rotation and optionally the lens are aligned and arranged to each other such that the portion of the surface sensor, which in the Imaging of a predetermined object or scene area is as small as possible. Conversely, this can be achieved by exposing the largest possible part of the total area of the sensitive area of the area sensor.
    In Fig. 8, the concrete procedure in the creation of a light field total image 473 is shown in more detail with an arrangement shown in Fig. 7. The optical deflection unit 430 directs the light onto the area sensor 410 on the basis of its subareas 430x, 430y, 430z. The control unit controls the taking of images by the area sensor 410 in such a way that in the successive shots 471a, 471b, 471c images of the same area of the scene are respectively are included with different recording direction. In particular, the image of the same subject point 490 with all portions of the optical deflector 430 is projected onto the area sensor 410. The individual available images 472a, 472b, 472c are placed in a standard orientation by the processing unit as shown in FIG. 8, where the images 472a, 472c, 472c are created. In each individual image 472a, 472b, 472c there are in each case three partial regions, each of these partial regions originating from a respective partial region 430x, 430y, 430z of the deflection unit 430.
    The individual subregions of the images 472ax, 472ay, 472az, 472bx, 472by, 472z, 472cx, 472cy, 472cc, which originate from the different subareas 430x, 430y, 430z, are inserted separately into subfields 473x, 473y, 473z, taking up the subsectional area , wherein in the preparation of the respective partial image 473x, 473y, 473z the same procedure is selected as in the aforementioned embodiments of the invention. The resulting total light field 473 comprises as channels the individual partial light fields 473x, 473y, 473z, of which the first partial field 473x the viewing angle of the first portion 430x, the second
    Partial light field 473y the viewing angle of the second portion 430y and the third partial field 473z forms the viewing angle of the third portion 430z.
    In Fig. 9, a fifth embodiment of the invention is shown in more detail, which is composed as a combination of two in particular identical arrangements according to the invention. The optical axes 521a, 521b of the two lenses 520 lie on the same axis. Alternatively or additionally, the axes of rotation 531a, 531b of the two actuators may be identical or lie on the same axis. As already mentioned, it is not necessary that the axes coincide perfectly with each other. Small angle deviations of less than 5 ° do not damage in the present case.
    The two optical deflection units 530a, 530b are rotated together by a common setting unit 580.
    Furthermore, a common overall imaging unit is provided which creates a three-dimensional overall image from the total images created by the overall imaging units, due to the offset and orientation of the deflection units 530a, 530b. In the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 9, the two optical deflection units 530a, 530b are connected to each other in a rotationally fixed manner. The
    Surface sensors 510a, 510b are directed from different directions to the respective deflection units 530a, 530b.
    Alternatively, it is also possible that the surface sensors 510a, 510b are mounted on a common carrier. For this embodiment, advantageously, a common control unit can be provided, which controls both surface sensors for the production of recordings. In addition, a common processing unit can be provided, which brings the images created in accordance with the rotational position of the optical deflection units about the common axis of rotation or according to the common rotation by displacement and / or rotation in a standard orientation and as images available. In this case, the surface sensors are directed in different directions to mutually different deflection units 530a, 530b.
    In Fig. 10 a fifth preferred embodiment of the invention is shown, which substantially corresponds to the first embodiment of the invention. This embodiment has an optical surface sensor 610 having a number of pixel sensors arranged in rows and columns. Furthermore, the arrangement 600 shows an objective 620 with an optical axis 621.
    The plane spanned by the rows and columns of the pixel sensors of the area sensor 610 is in the present embodiment normal to the optical axis 621 of the objective 620. This optical axis 621 hits the area sensor 610 in the center.
    Furthermore, the arrangement 600 has an optical deflection unit 630 which is pivotable or rotatable about a rotation axis 631. In the present case, the rotation axis 631 of the optical deflection unit 630 and the optical axis 621 of the objective 620 are identical. The optical deflection unit 630 in the present case is designed as a mirror which deflects the individual line of sight 651, 652 emanating from the area sensor 610, which are aligned by the objective 620 onto the deflection unit 630, onto the scene. The respective part of the scene which is located within the receiving area 650 formed by the visual rays 651, 652 in a photograph in which the deflecting unit is in a certain position is detected and imaged by the area sensor 610. While in the first embodiment of the invention the individual image values originating from the same object point G and representing images of the same object point G at different times during the rotational movement of the optical deflection unit 130 are averaged or combined, the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG the individual determined brightness values of the same object point G are assigned to the respective beam directions n, r2 in which the respective visual beam 651, 652 from the object point G impinges on the optical deflection unit 630. In this way, a multiplicity of different intensity values are determined for each object point G or point in the overall image, each individual intensity value being associated with a beam direction η, r 2 defined by the geometry and rotation of the optical deflection unit 630. Note that due to the rotation of the deflection unit 630, the image of the object point G travels on the area sensor 610, in the present case, the image travels from the point P * to the point P20 during the illustrated rotation of the optical deflection unit 630. These intensity values are stored together with the respective beam directions η, r2 and kept available as a light field.
    Fig. 11 shows a sixth embodiment of the invention which combines the advantages of the fourth and fifth embodiments of the invention and provides a light field comprising for each image or object point G intensity values for a large number of different beam directions r11; r12, r2i, r22, r31, r32 provides. As with the fourth embodiment of the invention, the optical deflection unit 730 includes a plurality of portions 730x, 730y, 730z which rotate together about the optical axis 731. Each object point G, which is located in the common receiving area of all partial areas 730x, 730y, 730z, is detected by each of the partial areas 730x, 730y, 730z at different angles. The individual ascertained intensity values can be of the respective beam direction r11; r12i, r2i, r22, r31, r32, under which the object point G is imaged on the area sensor 710, to form a discrete light field having a number of nxm beam directions, where n is the number of subranges 730x, 730y used , 730z and m corresponds to the number of images of the object point G on the surface sensor in the course of the rotational movement of the deflection unit 730.
    权利要求:
    Claims (29)
    [1]
    claims:
    An arrangement (100, 200) for producing images comprising - an optical surface sensor (110, 210) having a number of pixel sensors arranged in rows in rows and columns, - an objective (120, 220) having an optical axis (121, 221 ), which hits the surface sensor (110, 210), in particular in the middle, as well as - an optical deflection unit (130, 230), preferably a prism or a mirror, for deflecting the light, optionally deflected by the lens (120, 220) , Visual rays (151-153, 251-253) of the surface sensor, characterized by - an actuating unit (180, 280) which pivots the deflection unit (130, 230) about an axis of rotation (131, 231) relative to the surface sensor (110, 210) vibrated or rotated, - a control unit (170) which controls the area sensor (110, 210) for taking pictures (171), and which further comprises: - a processing unit (175) which records the pictures (171) taken corresponding to the rotational position of the optical Ab steering unit (130, 230) by computational shift and / or rotation in a standard orientation and as pictures (172) provides, and - an overall image forming unit (176), from the images (172) an overall image (173), in particular Panoramic picture, created.
    [2]
    2. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the optical axis (121, 221) of the objective (120, 220) with the axis of rotation (131, 231) of the deflection unit (130, 230) coincides.
    [3]
    3. Arrangement (100, 200) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that - the lens (120) is arranged in the beam path between the deflection unit (130) and the surface sensor (110) on the optical axis of the lens and with respect to the surface sensor is fixedly arranged, or - that the deflection unit (230) in the beam path between the lens (220) and the surface sensor (210) is arranged, wherein the lens (220) to the deflection unit (230) is fixed and arranged such that it is in the During rotation of the deflection unit (230) performs the same rotational movement about the rotation axis (231) as the deflection unit (230).
    [4]
    4. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the deflection of the incident on the pixel sensors of the surface sensor light beams (151-153; 251-253) by the deflection unit (130, 230) between 60 ° and 120 °.
    [5]
    5. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control unit (170) has a position sensor (177) which measures the position (174) of the deflection unit (130, 230) in the preparation of the individual recordings (171) and the Processing unit (175) supplies and that the processing unit (175) from the individual receptacles (171) according to the position (174) of the deflection unit (130, 230) images (172) created by displacement and / or by rotation of the receptacles (171) ,
    [6]
    6. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the overall image forming unit (176) examines the images supplied to it (172) for matches, in particular for identical features contained in the images (172), and the overall image formation unit (176) examines the individual images (172) into an overall image (173) by superimposing coincident regions of the images (172) in the overall image (173).
    [7]
    7. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the overall image forming unit in the creation of the overall image (173) in a first step, the position of the recording in the overall image (173) based on the position sensor (177) determined position (174) of the deflection (130, 230) and determines in a second step in the region of the determined position (174) on the basis of matches with images at similar positions the final position in the overall image (173).
    [8]
    8. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control unit (170) from the position sensor (177) detected position (174) is supplied and at predetermined positions the area sensor (110, 210) for creating images (171) triggers.
    [9]
    9. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the setting unit (180, 280), the deflection unit (130, 230) about the optical axis (121, 221) rotates, and that the position sensor (177) has a first signal generator (177 a ), which, when the deflection unit (130, 230) is at a predetermined angular position, emits a signal, and that the position sensor (177) has a phase controller (177b) to which the signal of the signal generator (177a) is fed and the in the adjusted state in the presence of the signal of the signal generator (177a) indicates the measured angular position at its output so that the output of the signal generator (177a) forms the output of the position sensor (177).
    [10]
    10. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control unit (170) controls the position sensor (177) such that the created images (171) each show overlapping angle sections, in particular that each image in an image (171) imaged part of Scene is shown in at least one other image (171).
    [11]
    11. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, in particular according to claim 10, characterized in that the overall image forming unit (176) superimposed on the same part of the scene resulting partial areas of images (171), in particular by averaging the determined color and brightness values.
    [12]
    12. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the plane spanned by the rows and columns of the pixel sensors of the surface sensor (110, 210) normal to the optical axis (121, 221) of the lens (120, 220) or to the axis of rotation ( 131, 231) of the deflection unit (130, 230).
    [13]
    13. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the area sensor (110, 210) is designed such that its photosensitive area comprises as large a circle as possible, wherein the area sensor (110, 210) is in particular square, and / or the control unit undertakes the exposure of the area sensor on the basis of a brightness balance with the previous shots.
    [14]
    14. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the overall imaging unit assigns images of the same object point (G), which were created during the movement of the optical deflection unit (630) from different beam directions (η, r2), to a pixel of the overall image, in each case assigning to the individual ascertained intensity values the beam directions (η, r2) under which light from the object (G) strikes the surface sensor (610).
    [15]
    15. Arrangement (300) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the optical deflection unit (330) has a plurality of subareas (330r, 330g) that have different reflection properties and / or filter properties, - that the control unit (370) the creation of images (371) by the surface sensor (310) such that in the successive shots (371) images of the same area of the scene respectively due to the reflection of the light emitted by them at partial areas (330r, 330g) of the deflection unit (330) with different Spectral regions are included, and that the overall imaging unit (376) superimposes the individual images (371a, ...) originating from the same region of the scene and thus a multi-channel overall image (373), in particular a color overall image with a red, green and blue color channel, created.
    [16]
    16. Arrangement (300) according to claim 15, characterized in that the individual partial regions (330r, 330g) of the optical deflection unit (330) are realized by different filters or reflectors, which are permeable or reflective only for a limited spectral band, and in that the overall image forming unit (373) superimposes the individual images originating from the same region of the scene and thus creates a color image.
    [17]
    17. Arrangement (300) according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the individual subregions (330r, 330g) of the optical deflection unit (330) have different light attenuation and that the overall image forming unit superimposes the individual images originating from the same region of the scene and thus a High contrast image created.
    [18]
    18. Arrangement (400) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the optical deflection unit (430) has a plurality of partial areas (430x, 430y, 430z), each of which has at least one object point (490) at a different viewing angle on the area sensor (430). 410), and the overall imaging unit for each subregion each creates a separate overall image.
    [19]
    19. Arrangement (400) according to claim 18, characterized in that the partial regions (430x, 430y, 430z) of the optical deflection unit (430) form a plurality of reflective, in particular mutually parallel, planes which are mutually displaced in the direction of the optical axis (440). offset and / or at an angle α are pivoted against each other.
    [20]
    20. Arrangement according to claim 19, characterized in that the subregions (430x, 430y, 430z) are tilted relative to one another, so that the receiving regions defined by the selection of the subregions overlap one another at least partially, in particular in the largest possible range.
    [21]
    21. Arrangement according to one of claims 18 to 20, characterized in that the deflection unit, the line sensor and the rotation axis (440) are aligned with each other such that the area of the surface sensor (410), which is exposed in the imaging of a predetermined predetermined object area , remains as small as possible and / or makes up as much of the total area of the sensitive area of the area sensor (410) as possible.
    [22]
    22. Arrangement according to claim 18, characterized in that a 3D overall image formation unit is present which, on the basis of two created overall images and the specific arrangement and orientation of the partial regions (430x, 430y, 430z), of the optical deflection unit (430) created three-dimensional overall picture.
    [23]
    23. The arrangement according to one of claims 18 to 21, characterized in that a light field overall imaging unit creates a light field overall image due to several created overall images and the specific arrangement and orientation of the optical deflection units.
    [24]
    24. Arrangement according to claim 23, characterized in that the light field overall imaging unit images of the same object point (G), in the course of the rotational movement of the individual subregions (730x, 730y, 730z) of the optical deflection unit (730) from different beam directions (r11; r12 , r2i, r22, r31, r32) are assigned to a pixel of the overall image as components of a light field, wherein each of the individually determined intensity values assigns the beam directions (r11, r21, r22, r31, r32) under which light from Object (G) hits the surface sensor (710).
    [25]
    25. Arrangement according to claim 15, characterized in that the overall image-forming unit does not use areas of the area sensor (410) which lie in the intermediate area between the images produced as a result of reflection by different partial areas for the formation of overall images (473).
    [26]
    26. Combination (500) of two arrangements (500a, 500b) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - a common actuator (580) is present, the two optical deflection units (530a, 530b) together, in particular by a common Rotation axis (531a, 531b), rotates, and - the optical axes (521a, 521b) of the two objectives (520) coincide and / or on the same axis as the axes of rotation (531a, 531b) of the actuators (580), - that common overall imaging unit, which creates a three-dimensional overall image from the total images created by the overall imaging units based on the offset and orientation of the deflection units (530a, 530b).
    [27]
    27. A combination according to claim 26, characterized in that the two optical deflection units (530a, 530b) are rotatably connected to each other, and that the surface sensors (510a, 510b) are directed from different directions to the respective deflection units (530a, 530b).
    [28]
    28. A combination according to claim 26 or 27, characterized in that the surface sensors (510a, 510b) are arranged on the same support and directed in different directions to the deflection units (530a, 530b).
    [29]
    29. A combination according to any one of claims 26 to 28, characterized in that a common control unit is present, which controls both surface sensors for taking pictures, and that a common processing unit is provided, the images taken in accordance with the rotational position of the optical deflection unit (530a , 530b) by means of translation and / or rotation in a standard orientation and provides as images.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    AT518355B1|2018-04-15|
    引用文献:
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    WO1999045422A1|1998-03-04|1999-09-10|Cyclovision Technologies, Inc.|Adjustable imaging system with wide angle capability|
    US20030095338A1|2001-10-29|2003-05-22|Sanjiv Singh|System and method for panoramic imaging|
    DE102005041431A1|2005-08-31|2007-03-01|WÖHLER, Christian|Digital camera e.g. digital mirror reflex camera, has image sensor attached on movable unit with controllable drive, where unit enables to tilt image sensor so that angle between axis of lens and level of image sensor can be changed|DE102018222830A1|2018-12-10|2020-06-10|Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V.|MULTI-CHANNEL IMAGING DEVICE AND DEVICE WITH A MULTI-APERTURE IMAGING DEVICE|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA50190/2016A|AT518355B1|2016-03-08|2016-03-08|Arrangement for creating images|ATA50190/2016A| AT518355B1|2016-03-08|2016-03-08|Arrangement for creating images|
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