• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The method may include fetching a fundamental frequency (86) of a cylinder from a memory (66) via a processor (64) that is communicatively coupled to the processor (64) and receiving a first signal from a cylinder (26) ) arranged first knock sensor (32) via the processor (64). The cylinder (26) is arranged in an internal combustion engine (12). The method may also include deriving whether a number of amplitudes of the first signal at the fundamental frequency (86) and one or more harmonic frequencies (88, 90, 92, 94, 96) exceeds an undesired insertion threshold, wherein detected it will be appreciated that an asymmetric piston (26) has undesirable incorporation when the threshold for unwanted insertion is exceeded by the number of amplitudes of the first signal and the one or more harmonic frequencies.
    公开号:AT518113A2
    申请号:T580/2016
    申请日:2016-12-21
    公开日:2017-07-15
    发明作者:
    申请人:Gen Electric；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    The subject matter disclosed herein relates to reciprocating engines. More particularly, the subject matter disclosed herein relates to verification of the installation of asymmetric pistons in reciprocating engines.
    Asymmetrical pistons (eg pistons with asymmetric profiles) can be used in piston engines to account for various properties (eg, thermal distortion) and / or operating characteristics (eg, secondary motion). Additionally, the asymmetric pistons may provide one or more performance benefits to the piston engine. For example, some asymmetric pistons may contain fewer materials and therefore weigh less than symmetrical pistons, allowing faster movement. However, the asymmetry of the pistons may mean that the pistons only work in a built-in orientation as intended. If installed in a wrong orientation, the asymmetric piston may have inadvertent contact with the cylinder, which may result in wear, loss of performance or failure. Simply improved measures for detecting incorrectly installed asymmetrical pistons are desired.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    Certain embodiments that are within the scope of the present disclosure are summarized below. These embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the claimed disclosure, but these embodiments are intended merely to provide a brief summary of possible forms of disclosure. In fact, the disclosure may include a variety of forms that may be similar or different from the embodiments set forth below.
    In an embodiment, a method may include fetching a fundamental frequency of a cylinder type via a processor from a memory communicatively coupled to the processor and receiving a first signal from a cylinder-arranged first knock sensor via the processor. The cylinder is arranged in a motor. The method may also include deriving whether a number of amplitudes of the first signal at the fundamental frequency and one or more harmonic frequencies exceeds an undesired insertion threshold; and it is recognized that an asymmetric piston has undesirable incorporation when the threshold for undesired incorporation exceeds the number of amplitudes of the first signal and the one or more harmonic frequencies.
    In one embodiment, a system may include an engine control unit (ECU) configured to control the operation of an engine. The ECU may include a processor configured to perform the
    Steps to retrieve a fundamental frequency of a cylinder type, receiving a first signal from a first knock sensor disposed on a cylinder (the cylinder is disposed in the engine) deriving a number of amplitudes of the first signal at the fundamental frequency and one or more harmonic frequencies Threshold for unwanted incorporation, and detecting that an asymmetric piston has undesired insertion when the undesirable-insertion threshold exceeds the number of amplitudes of the first signal and the one or more harmonic frequencies.
    In one embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable medium may include executable instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to retrieve a fundamental frequency of a cylinder-type, receive a first signal from a knock sensor disposed on a cylinder (the Cylinder is disposed in a motor), determines whether a number of amplitudes of the first signal at the fundamental frequency and one or more harmonic frequencies exceeds a threshold for unwanted installation and recognizes that an asymmetric piston has an unwanted installation when the threshold for a unwanted incorporation exceeds the number of amplitudes of the first signal and the one or more harmonic frequencies.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    These and other features, aspects and advantages of the present disclosure will become better understood when the following detailed description is read with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference characters represent like parts throughout the drawings, wherein:
    FIG. 1 is a block diagram of one embodiment of a motor-driven power generation system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure; FIG.
    FIG. 2 is a side cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a correctly installed asymmetric piston assembly in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure; FIG.
    FIG. 3 is a side cross-sectional view of one embodiment of an asymmetric piston assembly in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure that may include undesired installation; FIG.
    FIG. 4 is an embodiment of a sample spectrum diagram of data acquired by a knock sensor in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure; FIG.
    FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating one embodiment of a process for detecting when a piston is improperly installed using a knock sensor in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure; FIG. and
    Fig. 6 is a plan view of one embodiment of an asymmetric piston having a radial profile asymmetry;
    FIG. 7 is a side view of one embodiment of an asymmetrical piston including an asymmetrical top land and an asymmetrical shell in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure; FIG.
    8 is a plan view of one embodiment of an asymmetrical piston having an asymmetrical trough in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure; and
    FIG. 9 is a side view of one embodiment of an asymmetrical piston including center of gravity offset, pin offset, and an asymmetric inner contour in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. FIG.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    One or more specific embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below. In an effort to provide a thorough description of these embodiments, it may be possible that not all features of an actual implementation are described in the specification. It should be noted that in the development of any such actual implementation such. For example, in any design or design project, numerous implementation-specific decisions need to be made to address the specific objectives of the developers, such as: For example, compliance with systemic and business constraints, which may vary from one implementation to another, can be achieved. Moreover, it should be understood that such a development effort could be complex and time consuming, but would still be a routine design, fabrication, and fabrication undertaking for those skilled in the art to benefit from this disclosure.
    When presenting elements of various embodiments of the present disclosure, the articles "one," "the," and "the" are meant to mean that one or more of the elements are present. The terms "comprising," "including," and "having" are intended to be inclusive, meaning that additional other elements to the listed elements may be present.
    As briefly mentioned above, certain engines such. Piston engines, asymmetric feature pistons, among others, to improve performance, efficiency, longevity, emissions and reliability. For example, pistons having asymmetric profiles may be formed on a shell and / or an upper land to reduce friction, hydrocarbon emissions, wear and the like, and / or improve deposition control, ruggedness, and the like. Improper installation of asymmetric pistons can cause the piston to accidentally
    Contact with the cylinder has caused wear and tear, loss of performance and / or engine damage. The contact between the asymmetric piston and the cylinder may also result in a different acoustic signature than when the asymmetric piston is properly installed and moving through a cylinder.
    Accordingly, some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to determining, based on at least one acoustic signature, whether an asymmetrical piston is improperly installed. As such, in some embodiments, engine knock sensors may be used to detect the acoustic signatures emitted by the asymmetric pistons moving through the cylinders. Signal processing from an engine control unit (ECU) may be used to determine if the detected acoustic signature is indicative of a mismatched asymmetrical piston. In some embodiments, the testing of the signals may be performed during a startup routine when the engine is in a reduced operating condition, during normal operation of the engine, or both. If the ECU determines that the acoustic signature indicates an improper installation, the ECU may take one or more preventive measures, such as: B. turn off the engine, alert a user or the like.
    Turning to the drawings, Figure 1 illustrates a block diagram of one embodiment of a portion of a powered energy generating system 10. As described in detail below, the system 10 includes an engine 12 (eg, a piston internal combustion engine) having one or more Combustion chambers 14 (eg, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 or more combustion chambers 14). Although Fig. 1 shows an internal combustion engine 12, it will be understood that any reciprocating device may be used. An air supply 16 is configured to receive a pressurized oxidant 18, such as an oxidant. Air, oxygen, oxygen-enriched air, oxygen-depleted air, or any combination thereof to each combustor 14. The combustor 14 is also configured to receive a fuel 20 (eg, a liquid and / or gaseous fuel) from a fuel supply 22, and a fuel / air mixture ignites and burns in each combustion chamber 14. The hot, with pressure acted upon combustion gases cause a piston 24 adjacent to each combustion chamber 14 moves linearly within a cylinder 26 and converts the pressure exerted by the gases in a rotational movement, which causes a shaft 28 rotates. The pistons 24 may include asymmetric features that provide certain advantages, as discussed above. Note that the asymmetric feature pistons are referred to herein as "asymmetric pistons 24". Further, the shaft 28 may be coupled to a load 30 which is operated via rotation of the shaft 28. For example, the load 30 may be any suitable device that generates energy through the rotary output of the system 10, such as power. B. an electric generator. In addition, while the discussion below refers to air as the oxidant 18, any suitable oxidizer having the disclosed embodiments may be used. Likewise, the fuel 20 may be any suitable gaseous fuel, such as e.g. As natural gas, accompanying petroleum gas, propane, biogas, waste water, landfill gas, coal mine gas.
    The system 10 disclosed herein may be adopted for use in stationary applications (eg, in industrial power generation machines) or in mobile applications (eg, in automobiles or aircraft). The engine 12 may be a two-stroke engine, a three-cycle engine, a four-cycle engine, a five-stroke engine, or a six-stroke engine. The engine 12 may also include any number of combustors 14, asymmetric pistons 24, and associated cylinders (eg, 1-24). For example, in certain embodiments, the system 10 may include a large-scale piston engine with 4, 6, 8, 10, 16, 24, or more asymmetric pistons 24 reciprocating in the cylinders 26. In some such cases, the cylinders and / or the asymmetrical pistons 24 may have a diameter of about 13.5 to 34 centimeters (cm). In some embodiments, the cylinders and / or the asymmetrical pistons 24 may have a diameter of between about 10-40 cm, 15-25 cm, or about 15 cm. The system 10 can generate energy in the range of 10 kW to 10 MW. In addition, the asymmetric piston 24 different asymmetries such. B. profile or shape differences between the sides of the piston 24, feature offsets from the vertical pin axis plane of the piston 24, an upper bridge axis offset, a shell profile asymmetry, trough asymmetries, a pin offset, a center of gravity offset, inner contour asymmetries or a combination thereof include.
    In some embodiments, the engine 12 may be operated at less than about 1800 revolutions per minute (RPM). In some embodiments, the engine 12 may be at less than about 2000 rpm, 1900 rpm, 1700 rpm, 1600 rpm, 1500 rpm, 1400 rpm, 1300 rpm, 1200 rpm , 1000rpm, 900rpm or 750rpm. In some embodiments, the engine 12 may be operated between about 750-2000 rpm, 900-1800 rpm, or 1000-1600 rpm. In some embodiments, the engine 12 may be operated at about 1800 RPM, 1500 RPM, 1200 RPM, 1000 RPM, or 900 RPM. Exemplary motors 12 may, for. Jenbacher motors from General Electric (eg Jen-bacher type 2, type 3, type 4, type 6 or J920 FleXtra) or Waukesha motors (eg Waukesha VGF, VHP, APG, 275GL) ,
    The powered power generation system 10 may include one or more knock sensors 32 that are suitable for detecting engine "knocking" and / or other running characteristics of the engine 12. The knock sensor 32 may be any sensor that is configured to cause vibrations caused by the engine 12, such as vibrations. B. to detect vibration due to explosions, pre-ignition and or ringing. The knock sensor 32 is communicatively shown coupled to a controller, the engine control unit (ECU) 34. During operation, signals from the knock sensors 32 are communicated to the ECU 34 to determine whether knock conditions (eg, ringing) or other behavior exist. The ECU 34 may then adjust certain parameters of the engine 12 to mitigate or avoid the undesirable conditions. For example, the ECU 34 may adjust the ignition timing and / or adjust the boost pressure to avoid knocking. In addition, as further described herein, the knock sensors 32 may include vibrations other than knocking, such as knocking. B. acoustic signatures that indicate erroneously built asymmetric piston 24 detect. FIG. 2 is a side cross-sectional view of one embodiment of an asymmetrical piston assembly 36 having an asymmetrical piston 24 that is correctly installed in a cylinder 26 (eg, an engine cylinder) of the piston engine 12. The cylinder 26 has an annular inner wall 38 defining a cylindrical cavity 40 (eg, bore). The asymmetrical piston 24 may be defined by an axial axis or direction 42, a radial axis or direction 44, and a circumferential axis or direction 46. The asymmetrical piston 24 includes an upper portion 48 (eg, a crown). The upper portion 48 generally prevents the fuel 20 and the air 18 or a fuel / air mixture from escaping from the combustion chamber 14 during reciprocation of the piston 24. In the illustrated embodiment, the upper portion 48 is asymmetrical due to an upper web 49, a second web 51, and a third web 53 with offset axes. The asymmetrical piston 24 also includes a bottom portion 55 (eg, a jacket). As shown, the shell 55 has an a-symmetric axial profile due to different taper angles in the compression and counterpressure directions. As further described below, in addition to the changes to the profile of the upper portion 48 and / or the lower portion 55, there may be numerous other features that give the piston 24 an asymmetry. It can z. For example, if different types of asymmetries are in the form of an asymmetric trough, a bolt may be offset, the center of gravity in the piston and / or in the connecting rod may be offset, the entire structure may be asymmetric due to the choice of material and / or the internal contour be and so on. As already mentioned, the asymmetries inherent in the piston 24 can increase the power of the engine 12. However, the asymmetrical piston 24 due to the asymmetrical nature of the
    Piston 24 can only be properly installed in one orientation. If the asymmetric piston 24 is installed incorrectly, the robustness and reliability of the engine 12 may be compromised. Thus, the techniques disclosed herein, as described in detail below, enable the detection of desired and undesired internals of the asymmetric piston 24 based on at least one acoustic signature.
    As shown, the asymmetric piston 24 is attached to a crankshaft 50 via a connecting rod 52 and a bolt 54. The crankshaft 50 translates the linear reciprocating motion of the asymmetric piston 24 into rotational motion. As the asymmetrical piston 24 moves, the crankshaft 50 rotates to operate the load 30 (as shown in FIG. 1), as discussed above. As shown, the combustor 14 is positioned adjacent the top portion 48 of the asymmetric piston 24. A fuel injector 56 provides the fuel 20 to the combustor 14, and an intake valve 58 controls the delivery of air 18 to the combustor 14. An exhaust valve 60 controls the exhaust of exhaust gases from the engine 12. However, it should be understood that any suitable elements are suitable and / or techniques for providing fuel 20 and air 18 to the combustion chamber 14 and / or for exhausting exhaust gases, and in some embodiments, no fuel injection is used. In operation, combustion of the fuel 20 with the air 18 in the combustor 14 causes the asymmetric piston 24 to reciprocate (eg, back and forth) in the axial direction 42 within the cavity 40 of the cylinder 26 , A properly installed asymmetric piston 24 may cause mechanical oscillations at frequencies of certain amplitudes in the cylinder 26 while operating, while an improperly installed asymmetric piston 24 may cause the frequencies to have different amplitudes in the cylinder 26 while operating becomes. In some embodiments, the ECU 34 may capture the fundamental frequency of the vibration for a properly installed asymmetric piston 24 and capture sample data at certain times (eg, when the engine 12 is first assembled, started, reassembled, or restarted) to determine whether the frequency of the vibration caused by the asymmetric piston 24 in the cylinder 26 differs from the baseline, as described in detail below. During operation, when the asymmetric piston 24 is at the highest point in the cylinder 26, it is in a position referred to as top dead center (TDC). When the asymmetrical piston 24 is at its lowest point in the cylinder 26, it is in a position referred to as bottom dead center (UT). When the asymmetric piston 24 moves from top to bottom or from bottom to top, the crankshaft 50 rotates by half a turn. Any top-to-bottom or bottom-to-top movement of piston 24 is referred to as a hub, and embodiments of engine 12 may include two-stroke engines, three-stroke engines, four-stroke engines, five-stroke engines, six-stroke engines, or more. During operation of the engine 12, a sequence including an intake process, a compression process, a power process, and an exhaust process generally takes place in the four-stroke embodiment. The intake process allows a combustible mixture, such. For example, as fuel and air is drawn into the cylinder 26, the inlet valve 58 is open and the outlet valve 60 is closed. The compression process compresses the combustible mixture into a smaller space so that both the inlet valve 58 and the outlet valve 60 are closed. The power process ignites the compressed fuel / air mixture, which may include spark ignition by a spark plug system and / or compression ignition by compression heat. The resulting pressure from the combustion then forces the piston 24 to the UT. The ejection process typically returns the piston 24 to the TDC while the exhaust valve 60 is kept open. The ejection process thus expels the spent fuel / air mixture through the exhaust valve 60. It should be noted that more than one inlet valve 58 and one outlet valve 60 per cylinder 26 may be used.
    The engine 12 may also include a crankshaft sensor 62, one or more knock sensors 32, and the engine control unit (ECU) 34 that includes a processor 64 and a memory 66 (eg, a non-transitory computer-readable medium). The crankshaft sensor 62 detects the position and / or the rotational speed of the crankshaft 50. Accordingly, crank angle or crank timing information can be derived. That is, when monitoring internal combustion engines, the timing is often expressed as the angle of the crankshaft 50. For example, a full cycle of a four-stroke engine 12 may be measured as a 720 ° cycle. The one or more knock sensors 32 may be a piezoelectric accelerometer, a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) sensor, a Hall effect sensor, a magnetostrictive sensor, and / or any other sensor capable of detecting a vibration, Acceleration, a noise and / or a movement is designed. In other embodiments, the sensor 32 may not be a conventional knock sensor, but any sensor capable of sensing vibration, pressure, acceleration, deflection, or motion.
    Because of the percussive nature of the engine 12, the knock sensor 32 may be capable of detecting signatures even when attached to the outside of the cylinder 26. The one or more knock sensors 32 may be located at many different locations on the engine 12. In Fig. 2, two knock sensors 32 are shown, one on each side of the cylinder 26. In other embodiments, only one knock sensor 32 may be used on the side of the cylinder 26. To best detect misincorporated asymmetric pistons 24 that result in contact between the asymmetric piston 24 and the cylinders 26, the knock sensor 32 may be located on the pressure side of the cylinder 26 and oriented perpendicular to the piston path. In still other embodiments, the knock sensor 32 may be disposed on the top of the cylinder 26. In addition, in some embodiments, a single knock sensor 32 may e.g. B. shared with one or more adjacent cylinders 26. In other embodiments, each cylinder 26 may include one or more knock sensors 32 on one or both sides of a cylinder 26. The crankshaft sensor 62 and the knock sensor 32 are shown in electronic communication with the engine control unit (ECU) 34. The ECU 34 includes a processor 64 and a memory 66. The memory 66 may store non-transitory code or computer instructions issued by the computer
    Processor 64 may be executed to carry out the techniques disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the memory may store a fundamental frequency of a cylinder type. The cylinder type may contain information related to whether the cylinder is asymmetrical or symmetrical. If the cylinder is asymmetrical, the cylinder type may also contain information related to the types of asymmetry of the cylinder (eg offset pin, offset axes, shape, structure). The ECU 34 monitors and controls the operation of the engine 12, e.g. By adjusting the ignition timing, adjusting the timing of the valve 58, 60, adjusting the supply of fuel and oxidant (eg, air), and so on.
    3 is a side cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a misincorporated asymmetric piston assembly 36. As noted above, an improperly installed asymmetrical piston 24 may be detected based on acoustic signatures, and one or more preventive measures may be taken. The asymmetrical pistons 24 are designed with certain asymmetries to provide performance benefits; however, the asymmetries are often present in the outer profiles of the piston 24 and the outer profiles may interact with the structure of the annular inner wall 38 of the cylinder 26. Further, the asymmetries can handle the load in a particular manner through the design, when the center of gravity is intentionally shifted, the bolts are displaced, and the like. When properly installed, the inherent characteristics of the asymmetric piston 24 during operation produce vibrations of a particular fundamental frequency and harmonic frequencies with particular amplitudes. In contrast, the asymmetrical pistons 24, when installed incorrectly, can produce vibrations of different frequencies with differential amplitudes at the fundamental and harmonic frequencies, as a result of which the outer profile of the upper portion 48 and / or the lower portion 55 differs in a circular manner Internal wall 38 rubs, and / or the load is applied differently to the asymmetric piston 24, thereby causing it undesirably with the annular inner wall 38 into contact.
    As shown in FIG. 3, the asymmetrical piston 24 is installed in a reverse orientation in contrast to its installation shown in FIG. As shown in the faulty installation in Fig. 3, the lower right corner of the jacket 55 is in contact with the annular inner wall 38 on a pressure side 68, and the upper left corner of the jacket 55 is in contact with the annular inner wall 38 on a counterpressure side 70 in contact, which equates to an opposite structural interaction than in the correct installation shown in Fig. 2. Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the upper land 49 is in contact with the annular inner wall 38 on the counter pressure side 70, and the second land 51 and the third land 53 are in contact with the annular inner wall 38 on the pressure side 68, which corresponds to an opposite structural interaction than in the correct installation shown in Fig. 2. As will be appreciated, the malfunctioning asymmetric piston 24 may generate an oscillation frequency during operation that is different than that of a properly installed asymmetric piston 24. The ECU 34 can recognize the difference of the frequencies, and the ECU 34 can take an appropriate preventative measure depending on the severity of the difference.
    One embodiment of a sample spectrum plot 78 of data 80 acquired by a knock sensor 32 located on the side of the cylinder 26 is shown in FIG. The horizontal axis 82 of the spectrum diagram is the frequency (in kHz) and the vertical axis 84 represents the amplitude. Since an improperly installed asymmetric piston 24 can rub against the side of the cylinder 26, rubbing excites the cylinder 26, which causes it to resonate at its fundamental frequency and the different harmonics of this fundamental frequency.
    The fundamental frequency of a cylinder in an internal combustion engine can be determined using the Draper equation or experimentally by frequency analysis. The Draper equation is as follows:
    Equation (1) where fmtn is the resonant frequency of the cylinder, nm> n is the dimensionless mode number, Co is the phase velocity constant, T is the temperature of the combustion mixture, B is the cylinder bore diameter, and m, n are the radial and circumferential mode numbers. Once determined, the fundamental frequency of the cylinder 26 may be provided as input to the ECU 34 or stored and stored in the memory 66 for receipt and / or processing by the processor 64.
    The line 86 represents the fundamental frequency of the cylinder 26, in this particular embodiment about 2783 Hz. It should be understood that this is only an example and that the fundamental frequency 86 may vary from cylinder 26 to cylinder. Harmonics occur at multiple integers of the fundamental frequency 86. For example, in this embodiment, the second harmonic frequency 88 occurs at about 5566 Hz or 2 times the fundamental frequency. Similarly, the third harmonic frequency 90 occurs at about 8350 Hz, the fourth harmonic frequency 92 at about 11133 Hz, the fifth harmonic 94 at about 13916 Hz, the sixth harmonic 96 at about 16699 Hz, and so forth. Again, these values are only an example and specific to the cylinder 26 of the present embodiment. The fundamental frequency 86 and the various harmonics 88, 90, 92, 94 and 96 vary in dependence on the cylinder 26. The memory 66 may store a frequency threshold value of a mismatched asymmetric piston 24 which may be in the form of a raw amplitude value, a percentage slope or of another value. If the amplitude at one frequency exceeds the threshold, it may be determined that an improperly installed asymmetric piston 24 is present.
    5 is a flowchart showing one embodiment of a method 98 for detecting improperly installed asymmetric pistons 24 using at least one knock sensor 32. The method 98 may be implemented as computer instructions or executable code stored in the memory 66 and executable by the processor 64 of the ECU 34. At block 100, method 98 (eg, receives it from a user and / or other device, or calls from memory 66 or other method) calls the fundamental frequency of the type of cylinder 26 (eg, an asymmetric one) Cylinder and / or types of asymmetries of the cylinder 26). The fundamental frequency may be referred to as a baseline frequency for a properly installed asymmetric piston 24. In some embodiments, the baseline frequency may be obtained by properly installing the asymmetric piston 24 in a test environment, starting the engine 12, and obtaining and storing the baseline frequency (eg, the fundamental frequency) of the cylinder 26 type resulting from the movement of the properly installed one asymmetric piston 24 results. In some embodiments, the baseline frequency may be referred to as the baseline frequency for a misfit asymmetric piston 24, and the baseline frequency may be obtained by improperly installing the asymmetric piston 24 in a test environment, starting the engine 12, and obtaining and storing the baseline frequency (eg, the fundamental frequency ) of the cylinder 26 type resulting from the movement of the improperly installed asymmetric piston 24.
    At block 102, a sample of data is sampled using the knock sensor 32. For example, the one or more knock sensors 32 collect data and then transmit / transmit the data to the ECU 34. In the present embodiment, a single knock sensor 32 is mounted on the pressure side 68 of the cylinder 26 and perpendicular to the direction of the asymmetric path Piston 24 oriented. In some embodiments, the data is sampled during a combustion cycle of the engine 12. In some embodiments, the data is sampled while the engine 12 is simply rotated without combustion, for example, using a test mode. In such
    Embodiments, there may be a minimum speed that is achieved before the removal takes place. That is, the method 98 may take some time to accumulate and process the vibration signals in accordance with the techniques described herein.
    At block 104, the method 98 detects mis-fitting of the asymmetric piston 24 by judging whether amplitudes at the fundamental frequency 86 (eg, baseline frequency) of the cylinder 26 and the harmonic frequencies of the fundamental frequency 86 of the cylinder 26 exceed a threshold for undesired incorporation , This may include a reference to a look-up table that includes amplitudes for correctly installed asymmetric pistons 24 and stored in the memory 66, and comparing the amplitude within one or more windows of frequencies with the look-up table. The threshold may include a percentage (eg, 1,2, 3, 4, 8, 12, 16, 32, 64 percent) of the amplitude increase or decrease or a range of amplitudes. The block 104 may also include determining whether the amplitude exceeds the baseline frequency stored in the memory 66 of oscillation for an asymmetrical piston 24 as desired.
    Block 104 may also include applying one or more filters to the signal. Filters used by the method 98 may include low-pass filters, high-pass filters, band-pass filters, and the like. The harmonic frequencies of the cylinder 26 may be multiples of the fundamental frequency 86 of the cylinder 26. For example, the second harmonic frequency 88 is twice the fundamental frequency 86 of the cylinder 26. At block 104, the method 98 may be the fundamental frequency 86 as well as the second harmonic 88, the third harmonic 90, the fourth harmonic 92, the fifth harmonic 94, the sixth Analyze or evaluate harmonic 96 and so on. The method 98 may analyze or judge a range of frequencies surrounding the particular frequency. For example, the method 98 may analyze or evaluate frequencies in the range of ± 0.5%, ± 1%, ± 2%, or ± 5% of the frequency in question. The block 104 may include comparing the amplitudes at the frequencies with a look-up table or a baseline frequency of the vibration for a correctly installed asymmetric piston 24 threshold stored in the memory 66. In some embodiments, the block 104 may include comparing the amplitudes at the frequencies with a look-up table or baseline frequency of the oscillation for a false-fitted asymmetric piston 24 threshold stored in the memory 66.
    Furthermore, in some embodiments, the signals from improperly installed asymmetric pistons 24 may be characterized. It can z. B. Tests are performed in which the asymmetric pistons 24 are installed in different wrong orientations, the engine 12 can be started and the vibration signals of the cylinder 26 can be procured. The acquired vibration signals may be assigned to the type of asymmetrical piston 24 and the faulty mounting orientation and stored in the memory 66. Thus, in some embodiments, the block 104 may include recognizing the type of the asymmetric piston 24 and the actual incorrect mounting orientation based on similarly obtained vibration signals.
    Additionally, in some embodiments, the ECU 34 may perform in-situ training locally on the cylinders 26 of the engine. That is, the ECU 34 may analyze vibration signals from all cylinders 26 and execute a genetic learning algorithm (eg, a neural network) to determine a baseline frequency of vibration for correctly installed asymmetric pistons 24. In some embodiments, the genetic algorithm may sample from the vibration signals of the various cylinders 26 and estimate a normalization constant by approximating target probability distributions to determine the baseline frequency of the vibration. In some embodiments, the ECU 34 may determine the most common vibration frequency between the cylinders 26 as a baseline. The ECU 34 may recognize that the vibration signals for one of the cylinders 26 are different than the determined baseline frequency 26 for correctly installed asymmetric pistons 24. As a result, in block 104, the processor 64 may detect the deviation as a result of a misincorporated asymmetric piston 24.
    At decision 106, method 98 compares the amplitudes at the given frequencies with one or more thresholds stored in memory 66 or with a look-up table. If method 98 determines that a misincorporated asymmetric piston 24 is present (eg, when the amplitude exceeds the threshold or baseline), then method 98 proceeds to block 108 and takes one or more preventative measures. The preventative measure may include notifying the user that the asymmetrical piston 24 is improperly installed, triggering an alarm, bringing the engine into a particular mode of operation (eg, at low load, low power, and / or low speed to run to bring the engine 12 to an idle condition), the engine 12 is stopped (eg, a hard shutdown, fuel cut). The user may be notified in various ways, including proprietary or standard error codes (eg, transmitted via CAN or OBDII interfaces), via a display, sounds or audio notifications, on a display, over text, and the like. In some embodiments, the preventive action taken may be selected based on the severity of the amplitudes or how much the amplitudes exceed the threshold or baseline. If z. For example, if the amplitude exceeds the threshold or baseline by a relatively minimum amount, the ECU 34 may determine that the engine 12 is not significantly affected and operates the engine 12 in a power-saving mode until some work is completed and then the engine Turn off so that the asymmetric piston 24 can be reinstalled. Likewise, the ECU 34 may send or indicate an alarm to the user to reinstall the asymmetric piston 24. On the other hand, if the ECU 34 determines that the amplitudes exceed the threshold or baseline for a properly installed asymmetric piston 24 by a relatively high amount or percentage, the ECU 34 may turn off the engine 12.
    If method 98 determines that there is no misincorporated asymmetric piston 24 (eg, if the amplitude does not exceed the threshold or baseline), then method 98 may proceed to block 102, as shown by optional dashed arrow 110. and sample more data from the knock sensors. The method 98 may occur as often or as little as desired. Because z. For example, if the vibration frequency of a mismatched asymmetric piston 24 can be detected relatively quickly when the engine 12 is first started, the method 98 may be initiated by the ECU 34 as a startup routine (eg, after the engine 12 has been rebuilt if the engine is running 12 is first built every time the engine 12 is started). In some embodiments, the startup routine may be performed by operating the engine 12 in a test mode depending on the nature of the asymmetric feature of the piston 24 with or without combustion. If a mis-installed asymmetrical piston 24 is detected, the ECU 34 may take the one or more preventative measures. If a properly installed asymmetric piston 24 is detected, the ECU 34 may cause the engine 12 to exit the test mode. Further, the method 98 may be performed for a certain amount of time (eg, after 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10 hours) and then stopped. In some embodiments, the method 98 is continuously executed by the processor 64 while the engine 12 is operational. In some embodiments, method 98 is performed periodically over a period of time. For example, the method 98 may be performed every day for a certain period of time. In some embodiments, the method 98 is performed once when the engine 12 is first built and started, or when the engine 12 is rebuilt and restarted. In some embodiments, the method 98 is performed based on user request.
    FIGS. 6-9 illustrate various different asymmetries that may be included in the piston 24. As previously mentioned, the asymmetric aspects of the piston 24 may allow the asymmetric piston 24 to be installed in the cylinder 26 only in a correct orientation. If the asymmetric piston 24 is installed incorrectly, the motor 24 may suffer a loss of performance or other undesirable consequence. As such, the ECU 34 may use the method 98 to detect based on at least one vibration signal when the asymmetric piston 24 is improperly installed.
    Beginning with FIG. 6, there is shown a plan view of one embodiment of an asymmetric piston 24 having a radial 44 profile asymmetry. As illustrated, one half of the piston 24 includes an oval profile 110, while the other half of the piston 24 includes a circular / flat profile 112. Asymmetric pistons 24, which include the radial profile asymmetry, can only fit within a cylinder 26 that is specifically tailored to the radial profile of the piston 24.
    Figure 7 is a side view of one embodiment of an asymmetrical piston 24 having an asymmetrical upper land 49 and an asymmetric skirt 55. As shown, the upper land 49 is offset from the axial axis 42 while the second land 51 and 53 are on the axial axis 42 are centered. In this way, the axial profile of the lands may be modified as desired for certain performance increases to provide an asymmetrical outer profile of the piston 24. If the asymmetric piston 24 is improperly installed, the differential structural interactions of the lands 49, 51 and 53 with the cylinder 26 may be discernible using the techniques disclosed herein. Further, the radial profile of the lands 49, 51 and 53 may also be modified to give the piston 24 an asymmetrical profile. As shown, the shell 55 has different taper angles on the pressure and counterpressure sides which give the piston 24 axial profile asymmetry. Besides the different taper angles, the axial asymmetry on the shell may also include drum shapes of different curvature, different bucket tip position, or other asymmetry. It is understood that the radial profile of the shell 55 can be modified to give the piston 24 an asymmetry. If the asymmetric piston 24 is improperly installed, the different structural interactions of the shell 55 with the cylinder 26 may be discernible using the techniques disclosed herein.
    8 is a plan view of one embodiment of an asymmetrical piston 24 having an asymmetrical trough 114. As shown, the asymmetric trough 114 is "carved" from the interior of an outer wall 116 of the asymmetric piston 24. The asymmetry of the trough 114 may cause the center of gravity of the asymmetric piston 24 to be offset, thereby changing the manner in which the piston 24 interacts with and within the structure of the cylinder 26. This structural interaction may be discernible using the disclosed techniques when the piston 24 is improperly installed.
    9 is a side view of one embodiment of an asymmetrical piston 24 having a center of gravity 118 offset from the axial axis 42, the pin 54 being offset with its axial axis 120 from the axial axis 42 of the piston 24 and an asymmetrical inner contour 122. FIG Displacement of the center of gravity 118 of the piston or the connecting rod may increase the magnitude and distribution of forces between the piston 24 and the cylinder 26 and the secondary
    Change movement of the piston 24 within the cylinder 26. Further, the displacement of the bolt 54 can change the compressive forces and the secondary piston movement. If installed incorrectly, the offset center of gravity may cause other vibration signals to be generated by the cylinder 26 than if the asymmetric piston 24 were installed correctly. Using the techniques described herein, the ECU 34 may detect the faulty installation. As shown, the inner contour 122 has a radially asymmetric profile since its base is wider than its top. Furthermore, other asymmetries that may be included in the piston 24 may include the material selection of any of the components of the piston 24.
    The technical effects of the invention include detecting using at least one knock sensor if an asymmetrical piston 24 is undesirably installed. Incorrectly installed asymmetric piston 24 may, for. B. generate different acoustic / vibration signatures that can be detected by engine knock sensors. If a misfit asymmetric piston 24 is detected, the ECU 34 may take one or more preventative measures. The selected preventive measure (s) may depend on the severity of the detected signals.
    This invention description uses examples to disclose the techniques including the best mode and also to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the techniques, including making and using any devices or systems, and perform all of the included methods. The patentable scope of the present disclosure is
    Proverbs may be defined and may include other examples that come to mind to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal language of the claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (14)
    [1]
    A method, comprising: retrieving, via a processor (64), a fundamental frequency of a cylinder type from a memory (66) communicatively coupled to the processor (64); Receiving a first signal from a first knock sensor (32) disposed on a cylinder (26) via the processor (64), the cylinder (26) being disposed in a motor (12); Deriving whether a plurality of amplitudes of the first signal at the fundamental frequency (86) and one or more harmonic frequencies (88, 90, 92, 94, 96) exceed an undesired insertion threshold; and recognizing that an asymmetric piston (24) has undesirable mounting when the undesired mounting threshold exceeds the plurality of amplitudes of the first signal and the one or more harmonic frequencies (88, 90, 92, 94, 96).
    [2]
    2. The method of claim 1, including the step of taking one or more preventative measures when the plurality of amplitudes exceeds the threshold for unwanted installation.
    [3]
    3. The method of claim 2, wherein the one or more preventative measures include: sending an alarm to a user that the asymmetric piston (24) is undesirably installed; Setting the engine (12) in a reduced operating condition; Switching off the engine (12); or a combination of them.
    [4]
    4. The method of claim 2, wherein the one or more preventative measures are taken based on a severity of the plurality of amplitudes.
    [5]
    5. The method of claim 1, wherein the fundamental frequency (86) is derived by: properly installing the asymmetric piston (24) in a test environment; Running the piston motor (12); and determining a first fundamental frequency of the cylinder (26) with a properly installed asymmetric piston (24) traversing therein, a second fundamental frequency of the cylinder (26) having a mismatched asymmetric piston (24) therein, or a combination thereof.
    [6]
    6. The method of claim 1, wherein the cylinder comprises a pressure surface and a counterpressure surface, and the first knock sensor is disposed on the pressure surface and perpendicular to an axis of travel of the piston. 24) is oriented within the cylinder (26).
    [7]
    7. The method of claim 1, wherein retrieving, receiving, deriving, and detecting the asymmetric piston (24) is performed during a test mode engine start, and wherein the test mode terminates after a determination that the asymmetrical piston (24) is properly installed becomes.
    [8]
    The method of claim 1, wherein the asymmetrical piston (24) comprises: a sheath (55) having axial profile asymmetry, radial profile asymmetry, or both; an upper web (49), a second web (51), a third web (53), or a combination thereof having an axial offset, a radial profile asymmetry, an axial profile asymmetry, or a combination thereof; a trough (114) having an asymmetrical shape; a pin (54) offset from an axial axis; a center of gravity (118) offset from an axial axis; a material selection for portions of the asymmetric piston (24) causing asymmetry; an inner contour (122) having axial profile asymmetry, radial profile asymmetry or both; or a combination of them.
    [9]
    9. A system (10) comprising: an engine control unit (34) configured to control the operation of an engine (12), the ECU (34) including a processor (64) configured to perform the steps of: fetching a fundamental frequency (86) of a cylinder type; Receiving a first signal from a first knock sensor (32) disposed on a cylinder (26), the cylinder (26) being disposed in the engine (12); Deriving whether a plurality of amplitudes of the first signal at the fundamental frequency (86) and one or more harmonic frequencies (88, 90, 92, 94, 96) exceeds a threshold for unwanted insertion; and recognizing that an asymmetric piston (24) has undesirable mounting when the undesired mounting threshold exceeds the plurality of amplitudes of the first signal and the one or more harmonic frequencies (88, 90, 92, 94, 96).
    [10]
    The system of claim 9, wherein the asymmetrical piston (24) comprises: a sheath (55) having axial profile asymmetry, radial profile asymmetry, or both; an upper web (49), a second web (51), a third web (53), or a combination thereof having an axial offset, a radial profile asymmetry, an axial profile asymmetry, or a combination thereof; a trough (114) having an asymmetrical shape; a pin (54) offset from an axial axis; a center of gravity (118) offset from an axial axis; a material selection for portions of the asymmetric piston (24) causing asymmetry; an inner contour (122) having axial profile asymmetry, radial profile asymmetry or both; or a combination of them.
    [11]
    The system of claim 9, wherein the processor (64) is configured to perform the steps as a startup routine to detect an improperly installed asymmetric piston (24) when the engine (12) is first started.
    [12]
    12. The system of claim 9, wherein the first knock sensor (32) is oriented perpendicular to an axis of the piston travel (24) within the cylinder (26).
    [13]
    The system of claim 9, wherein the processor (64) is configured to take one or more preventative measures when the plurality of amplitudes exceed the false-mount threshold.
    [14]
    14. The system of claim 13, wherein the one or more preventive measures include: sending an alarm to a user that the asymmetric piston (24) is improperly installed; Setting the engine (12) in a reduced operating condition; Switching off the engine (12); or a combination of them.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CA2951796A1|2017-06-29|
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    法律状态:
    2018-08-15| REJ| Rejection|Effective date: 20180815 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US14/982,710|US20170184043A1|2015-12-29|2015-12-29|System and method to verify installation of asymmetric piston|
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