• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a method for producing a friction disk (10) by means of the following steps: - a steel sheet is provided which is provided on at least one side with a macrostructure (20), - from the steel sheet a Reiblamellenrohling is separated out, to a annular lamellar body (14) is further processed.
    公开号:AT517814A2
    申请号:T50779/2016
    申请日:2016-09-02
    公开日:2017-04-15
    发明作者:
    申请人:Hoerbiger Antriebstechnik Hold；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to a method for producing a steel friction plate for a friction clutch.
    Friction plates and friction clutches with such friction plates are used to produce a frictional or non-positive connection between at least two shafts. Examples are switchable clutches, such as those used in a transmission of a motor vehicle, or non-switchable clutches, such as those used for example as a differential lock in a motor vehicle differential gear. Usually, in such a planar friction system, a lamellar body made of steel is used, which is provided on its main surfaces (ie the front and the back) with a sintered coating or a molybdenum coating. These are usually produced in a multi-layered construction. Overall, this leads to a complex manufacturing process and increased production costs.
    The object of the invention is to provide a friction plate, which is characterized by a good price / performance ratio.
    To achieve this object, a method for producing a friction plate is provided according to the invention, in which a steel sheet is provided, which is provided on at least one side with a macrostructuring. From the steel sheet a Reiblamellenrohling is cut out, which is processed into an annular disk body.
    A friction clutch containing at least one friction blade made by the method of the invention uses a pure steel / steel friction pairing. According to the invention, it has been recognized that it is possible to dispense with the coatings that have hitherto always been deemed necessary. The process according to the invention is particularly advantageous in terms of production costs, since the starting material for the friction disks can be provided in the form of a steel sheet coil already provided with the desired macrostructuring. It is therefore not necessary to machine each friction plate individually to provide macrostructuring.
    The term "macrostructuring" here denotes structuring whose dimensions (ie, for example, depth or width of the structures) are considerably greater than the dimensions of microscopic structures (for example, the surface shape due to a certain, unavoidable surface roughness). A macrostructure is characterized in particular by the fact that it is visible to the naked eye. The advantage of macrostructuring is that it improves the lubrication of the friction surfaces.
    According to a preferred embodiment it is provided that the Reiblamellenrohling is cured. This increases the service life.
    It is preferably provided that the macrostructuring is rolled on both sides of the steel sheet. This makes it possible to use the Makrostrukturierung only for every second blade of the friction clutch, while the intervening fins can be performed with a smooth surface. In this way, the total cost of production is reduced.
    According to a preferred embodiment, it is provided that the macrostructuring is rolled on one side offset from the macrostructuring on the other side. This avoids that the Reiblamelle be weakened at the points at which recesses of macrostructuring "superimposed" by the resulting small wall thickness.
    The offset of the macrostructures can be achieved, for example, by using different pitches on one side and the other side of the friction plate. It is also possible to arrange the rolls used for rolling in the macrostructuring against each other in the circumferential direction offset so that the rolled-in patterns are offset from each other.
    A waffle pattern has proven to be a particularly suitable pattern for the macrostructuring since it can be rolled in with little effort and does not have to take into account the orientation of the macrostructuring when the lamella body is removed from the steel sheet. In addition, a lubricant can hold in the pockets formed at regular intervals.
    According to a preferred embodiment of the invention it is provided that the friction surfaces are the outside of the lamellar body. In other words, the lamellar body is provided with no friction elements made of steel, but is made in the thickness that will later have the friction plate.
    The macrostructuring may have a texture depth in the range of 0.05 to 0.9 mm, in particular in the range of 0.2 to 0.4 mm. These values have proven to be a good compromise.
    The width of a structural element may be in the range of 0.1 to 4 mm. These values are also advantageous.
    Preferably, at least one opening of the disk body is provided, that is, an opening which extends continuously from one friction surface to the other. Such a breakthrough improves the supply of the friction surfaces with a lubricant.
    Depending on the conditions of use, it may be sufficient to use a single aperture. A relatively large number of apertures may also be used, for example 40. For the majority of applications, the number of apertures is in the range of 3 to 11.
    The opening can be designed as a slot. This makes it possible to provide a comparatively large area of the friction surface with lubricant, without sacrificing much friction surface. Another advantage of slots is that they prevent the friction plates from deforming due to thermal stresses and / or thermal expansions.
    Depending on the application condition, the slot can be arranged completely within a friction disk, ie begin and end at a distance from a peripheral edge of the friction disk, or extend from a peripheral edge into the friction surface and terminate at a distance from a peripheral edge, or even completely through a Frictional surface extend through, so from one to the other peripheral edge.
    Preferably, the slot has a width in the range of 0.1 to 5 mm, in particular in the range of 1.3 to 3 mm. These values represent a good compromise with regard to the supply of lubricating surfaces with lubricant on the one hand and the least possible loss of friction surface on the other hand.
    According to one embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the slot encloses an angle of 0 ° to 70 ° with a radius of the friction plate. With this orientation, centrifugal effects can be used to distribute lubricant well between the friction plates.
    In principle it can be provided that the slot is rectilinear, curved or wavy.
    It is preferably provided that the opening is at least partially in a region of the lamellar body which has a distance from a peripheral edge which corresponds to more than 10% of the width of the lamellar body. This ensures that the lubricant is distributed in the middle of the friction surface and not only on the peripheral edge of the friction plates.
    Preferably, the lamellar body is a flat, flat disc. It is also possible according to alternative embodiments that the friction lamellae have a slightly frustoconical shape.
    According to one embodiment, it is provided that the lamellar body is composed of several segments. These can be welded together, glued together or only positively engaged.
    The friction disc blank can be separated out of the steel sheet as a one-piece blank, for example by laser cutting, water jet cutting, fine blanking or punching.
    In order to reduce the wear of the friction surfaces of the friction plates and also to avoid local seizure, it is preferably provided that the Reiblamellenrohling is cured. This can be done in particular via nitriding or nitrocarburizing. It is also possible to provide the friction lamella blank by plasma nitriding, salt bath hardening or other suitable methods having the desired hardness.
    According to one embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the macrostructuring is superimposed on a microstructuring. As a result, the friction properties can be improved in the desired manner.
    The microstructuring can be introduced by a grinding process, for example by means of a belt sander. This method is characterized by a low cost and low cost.
    The invention will be described below with reference to various embodiments, which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 shows, in a schematic sectional view, a friction clutch with friction disks which have been produced by the method according to the invention; FIG. 2 shows a friction plate according to a first embodiment in a front view, a rear view, a side view and an enlarged detail view; - Figure 3 is a friction plate according to a second embodiment in views corresponding to those of Figure 2; FIG. 4 shows a friction plate according to a third embodiment in views corresponding to those of FIG. 2; FIG. 5 shows a friction plate according to a fourth embodiment in views corresponding to those of FIG. 2; and Figure 6 shows schematically the steps of the method according to the invention.
    FIG. 1 schematically shows a friction clutch 2 which serves to frictionally couple a first shaft 3 to a second shaft 4.
    The shaft 3 is provided on its outer circumference with a driver geometry having a plurality of grooves 5. The shaft 4 is provided with a cage or pot-like receptacle 6, which is also provided on its inner surface with a driver geometry having a plurality of grooves 7. Between the provided with the grooves 5, 7 sections of the shaft 3 and the shaft 4 is a Reiblamellenpaket 8, which consists of a plurality of blades of a first and a second type.
    The driver geometries of the shafts 3, 4 may be teeth.
    Each lamella has the basic shape of a circular ring. The lamellae of the first type are rotationally fixed, but axially displaceable coupled to the shaft 3, so have a driver geometry on the inner peripheral edge, and the friction plates of the second type are rotationally fixed, but axially displaceable coupled to the shaft 4, so have a driver geometry on the outer peripheral edge ,
    The Reiblamellenpaket 8 is compressed in the axial direction, so that the friction plates are biased together. This bias voltage can be generated in various ways. By way of example, a spring 9 is shown here.
    FIG. 2 shows a friction plate 10 according to a first embodiment. This is a lamella of the second type of Reiblamellenpakets 8 of Figure 1, since the friction plate 10 is provided at its outer periphery with a driver geometry 12. The driver geometry 12 is here formed by a plurality of radially projecting teeth (or recesses located between the teeth). The teeth of the driver geometry 12 engage in the grooves 7 of the receptacle 6.
    The friction plate 10 has a plate body 14, which consists of steel.
    The lamellar body 14 has a front side 16 and a rear side 18. These form the friction surfaces of the friction plate 10. The plate body 14 is thus provided with no coating and not designed as a composite part of several layers.
    In the embodiment shown, the front side 16 is made smooth (apart from the microscopic surface roughness), while the back 18 is provided with a macrostructure 20.
    The macrostructure 20 is here designed as a waffle pattern having a depth in the range of 0.05 to 0.9 mm and in particular in the range of 0.2 to 0.4 mm. The width of a structural element (ie the distance between adjacent protruding regions of the wafer pattern or the distance between the centers of adjacent depressions of the wafer pattern) is in the range of 0.1 to 4 mm.
    As can be seen in particular in FIG. 2 b, the macrostructuring extends over the entire friction surface on the rear side 18 of the friction disk, ie, into the region of the driver geometry 12.
    The friction plate 10 is provided with a plurality of apertures 30, which here each have the shape of a slot. Each slot 30 extends rectilinearly and from the inner peripheral edge of the fin body 14. The width b of each slot 30 is in the range of 0.1 to 5 mm, and preferably in the range of 1.3 to 3 mm. Based on a radius r of the disk body, each slot 30 extends obliquely, wherein in the illustrated embodiment, the angle is on the order of 30 °.
    Each slot 30 extends from the inner peripheral edge to the outer peripheral edge and terminates at a distance from the outer peripheral edge, the distance being on the order of 25% of the width of the fin body.
    The radially outer end of each slot 30 is executed rounded in a semicircle.
    It has been found that the combination of the slots with the macrostructuring has an advantageous effect on the vibration behavior of the friction disks.
    FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment of the friction plate. For the features known from the first embodiment, the same reference numerals are used, and reference is made to the above explanations in this respect.
    The difference between the first and the second embodiment is that in the second embodiment, the front side 16 of the friction plate is provided with the macrostructure 20.
    In the embodiment shown, the same macrostructuring is used on the front 16 and the back 18.
    Here, too, a positive influence of the slots on the vibration behavior of the friction disks was observed.
    FIG. 4 shows a third embodiment of the friction plate 10. For the features known from the preceding embodiments, the same reference numerals are used, and reference is made to the above explanations in this respect.
    The difference between the first and the third embodiment is that in the third embodiment, a single aperture 30 is used, here as a continuous slot from the inner peripheral edge to the outer peripheral edge of the
    Lamella body 14 extends. The orientation relative to a radius corresponds to the orientation of the slots 30 in the first embodiment.
    The slot 30 is not detrimental to the strength of the friction plate 10, since it can be supported in its receptacle 6.
    FIG. 5 shows a fourth embodiment. For the features known from the preceding embodiments, the same reference numerals are used, and reference is made to the above explanations in this respect.
    The difference between the first and the fourth embodiment is that in the fourth embodiment perforations 30 are used which begin and end inside the lamellar body 14, ie do not constitute an interruption of the inner or outer peripheral edge. By way of example, perforations 30 are shown here: a straight slot oriented at an angle of approximately 30 ° relative to a radius of the friction plate, two circular openings, and a wave-shaped slot extending over a peripheral region of slightly less than 90 °.
    The various features of the embodiments shown in Figures 2 to 5 can be combined with each other depending on the application. For example, the macrostructuring provided in the first, third and fourth embodiments only on one side of the friction plate can also be used on the other side. All features of the friction plates shown in Figures 2 to 5 can of course be used in friction plates of a first type, ie in friction plates, which have their Mitnehmergeometrie 12 at the inner peripheral edge.
    The method for producing the friction plate will be described below with reference to FIG.
    As a starting material, a steel sheet 1 is used, in which the desired macrostructuring is rolled. For this purpose, two schematically indicated rollers 2 are present, on the surface of a plurality of structural elements 3 are arranged.
    When rolling in the macrostructuring, it is ensured that the macrostructuring on the upper side of the steel sheet is offset from the macrostructuring on the underside. In the example of a waffle pattern, care is taken to ensure that the pockets on the upper side and the lower side are not congruent with one another, since this would lead to an undesirable weakening of the lamella blank and also of the later friction lamella.
    The desired offset of the two macrostructures can be achieved by using different pitches on the upper side and the lower side, ie, different distances from pocket to pocket, or by staggering the structural elements 3 on the rollers 2 and maintaining this offset during rolling becomes.
    The steel sheet provided with the macrostructuring can then be wound up, so that it is delivered as a coil for the subsequent processing steps.
    From the steel sheet 1, the finned blanks 4 are then separated out. In FIG. 6 this is indicated by two punching tools 5. However, the lamellar blanks can also be cut out of the steel sheet by laser cutting, water jet cutting, fineblanking or other suitable methods.
    The macrostructuring present in the lamella blanks 4 is superimposed on a microstructuring. This can be introduced in particular by grinding, for example by means of a belt sander. This is indicated by grinding belts 6, which grind the upper side of the lamella blanks 4, which are conveyed further on a conveyor belt 7. Between the first and the second grinding operation of the slat blank is turned over here; this is indicated as process step 8.
    After introduction of the microstructure, the lamella blanks 4 can still be hardened or further processed in another way. These further processing steps are indicated by the reference numeral 9.
    The particular advantage of this method is that no coating and no coating on the lamella blank must be applied so that overall result in very low production costs.
    权利要求:
    Claims (20)
    [1]
    claims
    1. A method for producing a friction plate (10) by means of the following steps: - a steel sheet is provided which is provided on at least one side with a macrostructure (20), from the steel sheet a Reiblamellenrohling is cut out, which to an annular disk body ( 14) is further processed.
    [2]
    2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the Reiblamellenrohling is cured.
    [3]
    3. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the macrostructure (20) is rolled on both sides of the steel sheet.
    [4]
    4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the macrostructure (20) is rolled on one side offset from the macrostructure (20) on the other side.
    [5]
    5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the macrostructure (20) is a waffle pattern.
    [6]
    6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the macrostructure (20) has a texture depth in the range of 0.05 to 0.9 mm, in particular in the range of 0.2 mm to 0.4 mm.
    [7]
    7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the width of a structural element in the range of 0.1 to 4 mm.
    [8]
    8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lamellar body (14) is provided with at least one opening (30).
    [9]
    9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the number of openings (30) in the range of 1 to 40, in particular in the range of 3 to 11.
    [10]
    10. The method according to claim 8 or claim 9, characterized in that the opening is a slot (30).
    [11]
    11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the slot (30) starts and ends at a distance from a peripheral edge of the friction plate (10).
    [12]
    12. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the slot (30) begins at a peripheral edge and ends at a distance from a peripheral edge.
    [13]
    13. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the slot (30) extends from one peripheral edge to the other peripheral edge.
    [14]
    14. The method according to any one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the slot (30) has a width in the range of 0.1 to 5 mm, in particular in the range of 1.3 to 3 mm.
    [15]
    15. The method according to any one of claims 10 to 14, characterized in that the slot (30) with an radius of the friction plate (10) forms an angle of 0 to 70 °.
    [16]
    16. The method according to any one of claims 10 to 15, characterized in that the slot (30) is rectilinear, curved or wavy.
    [17]
    17. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 16, characterized in that the opening (30) is at least partially in a region of the lamellar body (14), which has a distance from a peripheral edge, more than 10% of the width of the lamellar body (14).
    [18]
    18. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lamellar body (14) is a flat, flat disc.
    [19]
    19. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lamellar body (14) is composed of a plurality of segments.
    [20]
    20. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the macrostructuring is superimposed on a microstructure, which is preferably introduced by a grinding process.
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    法律状态:
    2021-05-15| REJ| Rejection|Effective date: 20210515 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102015114673.8A|DE102015114673A1|2015-09-02|2015-09-02|Steel friction plate and friction clutch with such friction plates and method for producing such a friction plate|
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