• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    In order to realize a sufficiently stable output voltage with lower losses even with fast load changes in a battery emulator, it is provided that the battery emulator (1) is controlled with a model-based control with a model of the battery emulator (1), wherein the model of the battery emulator (1) a line inductance (LL) of the electrical line (4) and the backup capacitor (CS) is integrated.
    公开号:AT517652A1
    申请号:T50676/2015
    申请日:2015-07-28
    公开日:2017-03-15
    发明作者:Dr König Oliver
    申请人:Avl List Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Battery emulator and method for regulating the battery emulator
    The subject invention relates to a method for controlling a battery emulator with an output filter having a filter capacitance and a separate backup capacitor, the filter capacitor of the battery emulator is connected via an electrical line to the backup capacitor, and for regulating a model-based control is used with a model of the battery emulator. Furthermore, the invention relates to a battery emulator with a power supply having an input side rectifier with a DC voltage intermediate circuit, a DC-DC converter connected thereto and an output filter with a filter capacitance at the output of the DC-DC converter, with a backup capacitor, which is arranged locally separate from the power supply the filter capacitance is connected via an electrical line to the backup capacitor, and with an emulator control unit for model-based control of the battery emulator, in which a model of the battery emulator is implemented and the use of the battery emulator for testing an electrical DUT.
    In the development of hybrid powertrains or hybrid vehicles, tests of the hybrid driveline or hybrid vehicle, or components thereof, on a test bench are required at various stages of development. In particular, in early development phases, it is often the case that the traction batteries are not yet available. But even in later stages of development, it is often desirable to perform a test without the traction battery, since the traction batteries require a complex handling, For example, traction batteries must be conditioned for a test, which is the temperature, the setting of a state of charge (SoC)) or a state of health (SoH). Apart from that, tests with real physical traction batteries are hardly reproducible. For this reason, so-called battery emulators are often used for such tests, which emulate the traction battery. A battery emulator is typically a power electronic converter that provides a desired DC voltage at the output that is connected to an electrical load, such as the hybrid powertrain. Depending on the instantaneous electrical load, a certain load current results at the output of the inverter. In a real hybrid powertrain, however, the load current can change very rapidly. Apart from that, a drive inverter of the hybrid drive train is supplied by the battery emulator, which can lead to high-frequency repercussions on the battery emulator. These circumstances lead to stability problems in the operation of the battery emulator.
    From WO 2013/174967 A1, such a battery emulator is known in which a model-based, here model predictive, control is used, in which the model of the rule stretch a load model of the drive system is involved. By integrating the load model, the control can be stabilized and good leadership behavior can be achieved.
    From JP 3402117 B2, a solar inverter is known, which converts a direct current from the solar modules into an alternating voltage. The solar inverter is conventionally controlled by a state controller with gain factors and integration of the control error. The amplification factors are determined from a state space model of the inverter, wherein the state space model also includes a line inductance. The JP 3402117 B2 thus shows no model-based control, but the state space model is used only in a conventional manner for the controller design.
    It is also known to support the output of a battery emulator with a large (if necessary also switchable) backup capacitor. In order to dampen resonances between parasitic line inductances of the line between the battery emulator and the connected load and the back-up capacitor, a damping resistor is also often used in series in the line to the load or in parallel to the back-up capacitor. Because of the application-related required power typically of several 100 kW battery emulators are correspondingly large and can usually not be placed directly next to the load, but in a few meters distance. Distances of 10 to 50 m are common on a test bench. The resulting parasitic line inductance, together with the backup capacitor of the battery emulator and the input capacitor of the electrical load (drive inverter) form a resonant circuit that can be excited both by the regulation of the battery emulator and by the load. As a result, the voltage regulation of the battery emulator may become unstable and it may be necessary to stop the test run on the test bench. In the worst case, this can even damage the electrical load that is to be tested as a test object on the test bench. This can be improved by using larger backup capacitors. The larger the backup capacitor, the more stable the output voltage, but the lower the maximum possible rate of change of the output voltage becomes due to the necessary large Umladeströme at the same time. However, a rapid voltage change is needed again for the faithful reproduction of a battery impedance during rapid load changes. A large backup capacitor is therefore counterproductive. Of course, in an inverter as described in JP 3402117 B2, an output side backup capacitor Cs can not be used.
    In addition, the passive damping resistor results in significant losses and also restricts the regenerative capability at low voltage and high currents. Therefore, a damping resistor is rather undesirable.
    It is therefore an object of the subject invention to reduce the above problems and in particular to realize a battery emulator with sufficiently stable output voltage even with fast load changes and with lower losses.
    This object is achieved by incorporating a line inductance of the electrical line and the backup capacitor into the model of the battery emulator. The locally separated backup capacitor supports the output voltage of the battery emulator directly at the DUT. To improve the control quality of the battery emulator, the line inductance and the backup capacitor are now integrated into the model of the battery emulator, whereby a high control bandwidth and also fast load changes with sufficient stability of the control can be realized. At the same time, additional damping resistances become superfluous, since the control itself is able to dampen resonances sufficiently quickly.
    The quality of control can be further improved if the model of the battery emulator additionally incorporates a load model of an electrical test object supplied by the battery emulator. This allows the control to take better account of the overall dynamics of the regulated system.
    Here, it is advantageous for simplicity to use an input capacitance of the device under test as a load model, or to use a constant power load, wherein the constant power load is linearized by one operating point of the battery emulator.
    The subject invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to Figures 1 to 3, which show by way of example, schematically and not by way of limitation advantageous embodiments of the invention. It shows
    1 shows a battery emulator according to the prior art,
    2 shows a battery emulator according to the invention with an electrical specimen and Figure 3 is a block diagram of the model structure of the battery emulator.
    The battery emulator 1 according to the invention consists of an input rectifier 2, which is connected via a DC voltage intermediate circuit 9 with an intermediate circuit voltage V0 and a DC link capacitance C0 with a DC voltage converter 3. The battery emulator 1 is supplied by an AC voltage AC. At the output of the DC-DC converter 3, an output filter 6 is arranged consisting of a filter inductance LF in series with the output line and a filter capacitor CF connected in parallel. As is known, the DC-DC converter 3 can also be multiphase, in which case a filter inductance LF is provided for each phase. The DC-DC converter 3 is implemented, for example, as a synchronous converter with a number of half-bridges (one half-bridge per phase) with semiconductor switches. Such a battery emulator 1 is known, for example, from FIG. 2 of WO 2013/174967 A1.
    On the output side, a backup capacitor Cs is provided in parallel to the output terminals at which the output voltage uA is present and in parallel with the filter capacitor CF.
    In the battery emulator 1, an emulator control unit 5 is further provided, which drives the DC-DC converter 3, or the switches of the DC-DC converter 3, to generate the desired output voltage uAsoii, which is requested by a higher-level control unit. In general, a pulse width modulation PWM is implemented in order to drive the semiconductor switches of the DC-DC converter 3, as is well known and as indicated in Fig. 1. The pulse width modulation PWM could also be implemented directly in the emulator control unit 5. The emulator control unit 5 generates from the desired value of the control, here the output voltage uAsoii, the manipulated variable s for the DC-DC converter 3 or pulse width modulation (PWM).
    As a first measure according to the invention, the backup capacitor Cs of the battery emulator 1 is arranged in terms of hardware and locally separated from the remaining components of the battery emulator 1. The backup capacitor Cs is arranged, for example, in a separate connection box 7, as shown in FIG. The result is a distributed battery emulator 1 with a power supply 8 and the locally separate junction box 7 with the backup capacitor Cs. The junction box 7 with the backup capacitor Cs is then connected via a line 4 to the output filter 7. In the power supply 8, the rectifier 2, the DC link, the DC-DC converter 3 and the output filter 6 are arranged. This makes it possible to arrange the backup capacitor Cs despite the structural size of the battery emulator 1 locally separated from the power supply 8 close to the electrical load. The line 4 can be very long, as indicated in Fig.2 by the interruption, and can also reach lengths of 10 to 50m. Although stabilization of the output voltage uA of the battery emulator 1 applied to the backup capacitor Cs can be achieved, the dynamics of the distributed battery emulator 1 become more complex and difficult to control because the resulting line inductance L1, together with the filter capacitance CF and the backup capacitor Cs, forms an additional resonant circuit , This resonant circuit results in a further resonance, in addition to that between the filter inductance LF and the filter capacitance CF. The regulator of the battery emulator 1 must not excite the resonances or must adequately attenuate them when excited by the test specimen 10.
    In order to enable the regulation of the battery emulator 1 distributed in this way to achieve high dynamics (high rate of change of the output voltage uA), a model-based control based on a model of the battery emulator 1 is provided. The model of the battery emulator 1 is for this purpose in the emulator control unit 5 in a model-based control, such. a model predictive control, used to control the battery emulator 1. "Model-based control" means that the model or the model output is used to calculate the manipulated variable sk of the battery emulator 1 for the next sampling step k. The model of the battery emulator 1 in this case also comprises the backup capacitor Cs and the line inductance L 1 of the line 4 present between the voltage supply 8 and the backup capacitor Cs, as indicated in FIG.
    In the application according to the invention, the line inductance L1 is dominant and sufficient. It should be noted, however, that in the model of the battery emulator 1, it would additionally be possible to take into account the capacity coating and / or the discharge lining and / or the resistance lining of the line 4.
    To carry out a test run on a test bench 20, the battery emulator 1 or the connection box 7 of the battery emulator 1 is connected to the electrical test object 10. The test object 10 consists for example of a drive inverter 11, which supplies an electric motor M. The electric motor M drives any load 12, for example a loading machine or a drive train with loading machine. The test piece 10 may be e.g. be a hybrid powertrain of a vehicle. At the test bench 20, a test bench computer 30 is provided, which controls the execution of the test run and monitored. The test bench computer 30 predefines the desired output voltage uAsoii and a setpoint value for the drive inverter 11. On the test bench 20, of course, measuring devices are provided to measure required variables for the control to perform the test run, such as a torque, a speed, electrical currents or electrical voltages in the hybrid powertrain to capture. The measuring devices are not shown for reasons of clarity.
    This results in the block diagram of the model of the battery emulator 1 as shown in Figure 3, in which case the electrical device under test 10 is integrated with a load model.
    From the electrical point of view, the test piece 10 forms a constant power load CPL as described in WO 2013/174967 A1. The constant power load CPL leads to a non-linear
    Equation of state, which is linearized by one operating point, also as described in WO 2013/174967 A1. The relationship between the current consumed by the constant-load load CPL and the supply voltage UA of the constant-load load CPL is given
    , with the power requirement P of the test object 10. By the
    Introduction of an operating point-dependent differential equivalent resistance
    the equation of state can be linearized by an operating point in the form of an output voltage uA and a load current iL. This load model in the form of the constant power load CPL can likewise be incorporated into the model of the battery emulator 1, as described in WO 2013/174967 A1. In a simpler embodiment, the load model could simply be formed from the input capacitance of the test object 10. This input capacitance can be easily measured, or is known. The load model can not be included in the model of the battery emulator 1, however.
    With the model structure as shown in Figure 3, the following equation of state can be created as a model of the battery emulator 1, in which the input capacitance CP of the device under test 10 is used as a load model, which could also be omitted for simplicity. With the state vector
    which is measured during operation, the state space model results
    Therein RLp denotes the parasitic resistance of the filter inductance LF and RLl the line resistance of the line 4, which is known or can be measured. The manipulated variable s results from s = d-u0, with the duty cycle d of the pulse width modulation PWM. In the case of a polyphase DC-DC converter 3, the individual filter inductances of each phase are combined to form a filter inductance LF and the currents of the individual phases are added to form a common inductor current h. Sizes of the state vector xc could of course also be estimated by a control-technical observer, if these are not measured directly.
    With the described load model for a constant power load CPL, this state space model can be extended by inserting the differential equivalent resistance rP.
    This equation of state applies to a specific operating point of the battery emulator 1. Therefore, the model must be adjusted in operation to the respective operating point. The advantage of using this load model is that only two additional parameters are needed, which are easy to determine. For the control, the time-continuous state space model is converted in a known manner into a time-discrete state space model. The sample A is indicated in Fig. 3 and may e.g. with a frequency of 16kHz.
    The model of the battery emulator 1 with the model parameters can be prepared in advance and can be considered as known. The load model, however, can change depending on the connected electrical load and is often unknown. Here it is possible to proceed in such a way that the model parameters of the load model are identified by automated identification methods which are known per se.
    For this purpose, the test arrangement consisting of battery emulator 1 and test object 10 can be excited with an exciter sequence in the form of a predetermined time profile of the output voltage uA. If the input capacitance CP of the test object 10 is smaller than the capacitance of the backup capacitor Cs, the identification with the test object 10 disconnected can take place. If the input capacitance CP of the device under test is equal to or greater than the capacitance of the backup capacitor Cs, the device under test 10 significantly influences the dynamics and must be connected for the parameter identification. The parameter identification can then take place without load and with the test object 10 switched off. The reaction of the test arrangement in the form of the measured quantities (according to the Mod eil structure) is measured and recorded. Thereafter, the model of the battery emulator 1 (output filter 8 + line 4 + junction box 7 with back-up capacitor Cs + optionally DUT 10) is excited with the same exciter sequence and the model output is simulated and also recorded. The difference between the measured quantities / signals and the simulated quantities / signals is then used as an error in order to minimize this error in an optimization, for example as the sum of the error squares, as a function of the model parameters. This identification of the load model can be carried out, for example, before each test run, or once for each test object 10.
    权利要求:
    Claims (7)
    [1]
    claims
    A method for controlling a battery emulator (1) having an output filter (6) with a filter capacitance (CF) and a separate backup capacitor (Cs), wherein the filter capacity (CF) of the battery emulator (1) via an electrical line (4) with the Support capacitor (Cs) is connected, and for regulating a model-based control with a model of the battery emulator (1) is used, characterized in that in the model of the battery emulator (1) a line inductance (Ll) of the electrical line (4) and the backup capacitor (Cs) is involved.
    [2]
    2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the model of the battery emulator (1) in addition a load model of the battery emulator (1) powered electrical test specimen (10) is integrated.
    [3]
    3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that an input capacitance (CP) of the test piece (10) is used as the load model.
    [4]
    4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that a constant load (CPL) is used as a load model, wherein the constant load (CPL) is linearized by an operating point of the battery emulator (1).
    [5]
    5. Battery emulator with a power supply (8) having an input side rectifier (2) with a DC intermediate circuit (9), a DC-DC converter connected thereto (3) and an output filter (6) with a filter capacitance (CF) at the output of the DC voltage converter (3) further comprising a backup capacitor (Cs) located locally separate from the power supply (8), the filter capacitor (CF) being connected to the backup capacitor (Cs) via an electrical lead (4), and an emulator control unit (5) for the model-based control of the battery emulator (1), in which a model of the battery emulator (1) is implemented, characterized in that in the model of the battery emulator (1) a line inductance (Ll) of the electrical line (4) and the backup capacitor (Cs) is involved.
    [6]
    6. Use of the battery emulator according to claim 5 for testing an electrical specimen (10), wherein the battery emulator (1) to the electrical specimen (10) is connected and provides a supply voltage (uA) for the electrical specimen (10).
    [7]
    7. Use according to claim 6, characterized in that in the model of the battery emulator (1) in addition a load model of the electrical test specimen (10) is integrated.
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    DE102014219395A1|2015-03-26|A vehicle having a precharge circuit and method of controlling precharge
    EP2964480B1|2017-04-26|Method for operating a semiconductor switch in overload, in an electrified motor vehicle, means for implementing said method
    DE102013103921A1|2013-11-21|Cell temperature and degradation measurement in lithium battery systems using cell voltage and current measurement and the cell impedance to temperature relation based on a signal given by the inverter
    DE102012210732A1|2013-06-13|Method for correcting a current of a PWM converter
    DE102009002468A1|2010-10-21|Determining the internal resistance of a battery cell of a traction battery when using inductive cell balancing
    DE102012209660A1|2013-12-12|Battery system and associated method for determining the internal resistance of battery cells or battery modules of the battery system
    DE102011076722B4|2019-11-07|Method for current detection in a multiphase machine
    DE102009002465A1|2010-10-21|Determining the internal resistance of a battery cell of a traction battery when using resistive cell balancing
    AT511270B1|2015-07-15|Method and device for testing electric energy storage systems for driving vehicles
    DE102013220683A1|2014-10-30|Apparatus and method for detecting a phase sequence in a vehicle
    DE102011007491A1|2012-10-18|Control device and method for operating an electrical machine controlled by an inverter
    EP3199929A1|2017-08-02|Method and device to measure temperature of an intermediate circuit capacitor
    DE102011003566A1|2012-08-09|Method and device for calibrating at least one current sensor
    DE102018004891A1|2019-01-24|Method and device for voltage compensation in an electrical system of an electrically operated vehicle
    DE102014102668A1|2014-09-18|METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR DETERMINING THE VOLTAGE OF A BATTERY ELEMENT
    AT517652B1|2018-04-15|Battery emulator and method for regulating the battery emulator
    WO2016023686A1|2016-02-18|Simulation apparatus and method for simulating a peripheral circuit arrangement that can be connected to a regulating device
    DE102018113382A1|2018-12-13|DOUBLE IMPULSE PROTECTION SYSTEMS AND METHODS
    EP3145750B1|2021-05-12|Method for switching an inverter of an electric drive of a motor vehicle and a correspondingly switchable inverter
    DE112013003953T5|2015-04-23|Automated motor adaptation
    WO2015135922A1|2015-09-17|Energy accumulator emulator and method for emulation of an energy accumulator
    DE102008042805A1|2010-04-15|Engine system and method for operating an engine system
    DE102018209768A1|2019-12-19|Power electronic device and method for operating a power electronic device
    DE102019210213A1|2021-01-14|Method and control device for operating at least one battery cell of a battery system of a motor vehicle
    EP2528217B1|2018-06-20|Two-quadrant chopper
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP3328677B1|2020-12-16|
    US20190011941A1|2019-01-10|
    US10871791B2|2020-12-22|
    ES2859503T3|2021-10-04|
    CN107921875A|2018-04-17|
    CN107921875B|2020-11-06|
    EP3328677A1|2018-06-06|
    WO2017016994A1|2017-02-02|
    AT517652B1|2018-04-15|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    DE102009034555A1|2009-07-23|2011-01-27|Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft|Test stand e.g. drive chain test stand, for testing test sample of hybrid drive in e.g. internal combustion engine of motor vehicle, has simulating device serving as voltage reducing unit that is provided in generator region of machine|
    WO2013174967A1|2012-05-24|2013-11-28|Avl List Gmbh|Method and device for testing the drive train of vehicles driven at least partially by electricity|
    JP3402117B2|1997-04-25|2003-04-28|オムロン株式会社|Inverter|
    CN2791657Y|2004-10-29|2006-06-28|山东大学|Electric load general simulation device|
    DE102007027049A1|2007-06-12|2008-12-18|Robert Bosch Gmbh|Switched voltage converter with predictive model-based transistor control|
    JP2011158354A|2010-02-01|2011-08-18|Sinfonia Technology Co Ltd|Battery simulator|
    US8818141B1|2010-06-25|2014-08-26|University Of Washington|Transmission line driven slot waveguide mach-zehnder interferometers|
    AT510998B1|2012-03-16|2014-08-15|Avl List Gmbh|Test and test bench system for at least partially electrified engines|
    CN103424582B|2012-05-17|2017-12-19|富泰华工业（深圳）有限公司|Battery analogue circuit|
    AT511270B1|2012-05-24|2015-07-15|Avl List Gmbh|Method and device for testing electric energy storage systems for driving vehicles|
    US10270251B1|2012-10-24|2019-04-23|National Technology & Engineering Solutions Of Sandia, Llc|Emulator apparatus for microgrid testing and design|
    AT513776B1|2014-04-08|2015-09-15|Avl List Gmbh|Method and controller for model-predictive control of a multiphase DC / DC converter|AT520392B1|2017-09-04|2020-08-15|Avl List Gmbh|Energy storage emulator and method for emulating an energy storage|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA50676/2015A|AT517652B1|2015-07-28|2015-07-28|Battery emulator and method for regulating the battery emulator|ATA50676/2015A| AT517652B1|2015-07-28|2015-07-28|Battery emulator and method for regulating the battery emulator|
    CN201680043803.2A| CN107921875B|2015-07-28|2016-07-22|Battery emulator and method for adjusting a battery emulator|
    PCT/EP2016/067485| WO2017016994A1|2015-07-28|2016-07-22|Battery emulator, and method for controlling the battery emulator|
    US15/747,040| US10871791B2|2015-07-28|2016-07-22|Battery emulator and method for controlling the battery emulator|
    EP16744355.5A| EP3328677B1|2015-07-28|2016-07-22|Battery emulator, and method for controlling the battery emulator|
    ES16744355T| ES2859503T3|2015-07-28|2016-07-22|Battery emulator and method to regulate the battery emulator|
    [返回顶部]