• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Use of mortar of cement and sand for the design of the water-contacted interior of bio-treatable waters, in particular of swimming ponds, natural pools or fish tanks. The cement used is a pure calcium aluminate cement and sand dolomite sand and / or quartz sand, the calcium aluminate cement containing at most 2% by weight of sulphates, phosphates and silicates and its proportion in the dry mortar 5% by weight to 30% by weight. is
    公开号:AT517585A4
    申请号:T50828/2015
    申请日:2015-10-01
    公开日:2017-03-15
    发明作者:Wesner Wolfgang；Kurzmann Heimo
    申请人:Wesner Wolfgang；Kurzmann Heimo；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Wesner, short man PA 8543
    description
    Use of mortar made of cement and sand
    The invention relates to the use of mortar of cement and sand for the design of the contacted with water interior of bio-treatable waters, especially of swimming ponds, natural pools and fish tanks.
    In the design of the interior area, ie those interior surfaces in swimming ponds, natural pools and fish tanks, which come into contact with the water, the use of classical mortar has proved to be unsuitable. During the curing process of commercially available lime cement calcium hydroxide is released, whereby the pH value of the water over several months is greatly increased, so that a use of the water for swimming or for fish within this period is not possible. Moreover, when the pH is elevated, the enzyme which causes the detoxification of nitrite by oxidation to the nitrate is inhibited, resulting in a steady build-up of nitrite in the water. This also blocks the natural self-purification of the water body, it comes to a mass development of suspended algae and against nitrite less resistant species. Thus, in particular, some toxin-producing blue-green algae exhibit increased resistance to nitrite. In addition, commercial cements often contain higher levels of sulfates, which, when dissolved in the water, result in a greatly reduced performance of the biological treatment. The task of a biological filter is to bind impurities dissolved in the water by biofilm buildup on a filter substrate. Sulfates are respired in deeper layers of the biofilms into toxic hydrogen sulfide ("sulfate respiration"), which leads to the destruction and detachment of the biofilm in the biological filters. In addition, elevated phosphate levels can be found in many cements. The aim of biological treatment of swimming ponds and natural pools, however, is to limit algae and deposit formation by limiting phosphate availability. An introduction of larger amounts of phosphates on the building material is thus counterproductive. The ÖNORM LI 136 therefore envisages the use of building material with a total extractable phosphate content <6 mg / kg for incorporation into swimming ponds and natural pools.
    On mortar and concrete, which are installed in biologically treated waters, also acts an increased corrosion. Lime is constantly removed from the water by bio-decalcification, and respiration of microorganisms, for example in the biofilm, always results in an increased carbon dioxide concentration in the water, which leads to the dissolution of calcareous materials. Especially concrete surfaces on which biofilm grows are confronted with high carbon dioxide concentrations, so that the biofilm also releases CO2 into the concrete. On the one hand, this leads to a reduction in the pH in the concrete and, on the other hand, to the formation of water-soluble calcium hydrogencarbonate, which is subsequently washed out. In classic concrete or mortar, ettringite, a calcium aluminum sulfate, is an important strength-building and hardening-delaying ingredient. However, ettringite is formed only above a pH of 12 and decomposes when the pH drops below 9. Sulphate components in concrete or mortar are reduced by sulphate respiration, the resulting hydrogen sulphide reacts with iron in the concrete to form black iron sulphite, which can cause unsightly discoloration of the mortar and concrete surfaces in the water. When the oxygen in the mortar is exhausted, iron oxides are reduced to divalent iron compounds and go into solution. When the dissolved iron compounds have arrived at the cured mortar surface, they are re-oxidized by the oxygen in the water and deposit on the surface of the mortar as brown iron oxides. These discolorations are undesirable.
    Another problem with the use of classic, commercial cements is their heavy metal content. In particular, mortar, to which slag or fly ash has been added for lowering the pH value, often has heavy metal concentrations, which gradually dissolve in mortar which is submerged under water and thus impair the biological treatment. In order to prevent the occurrence of concrete dross as a result of the chromium VI content of cement, iron II is added to the cement, reducing chromium VI to less toxic chromium III. Unfortunately, the added reduces
    Iron II also nitrate, and that from the water with which the mortar is mixed, producing nitrite, which can not be degraded in the sequence and thus poisoned the waters.
    Concrete or mortar becomes impermeable to water due to the lack of pores. This can be achieved in particular by the special composition of the inorganic raw materials or by a high proportion of plastic. This can go to the complete replacement of the inorganic binder in favor of binders based on epoxy, acrylate or polyurethane. A corresponding example of this is disclosed, for example, in EP 2 826 761 A1. Such mortars are quite suitable for use in biologically reprocessed waters, but their disadvantage is their high price and often very different processing. Mortar from sulphate-activated cements using granulated slag or slag is known from AT 408 983 B, using fly ash from AT 508 506 A, each as an alternative to conventional cements. For sulphate-activated cements, part of the calcium oxide is replaced by gypsum. As a result, not so many bases are released during curing and less heat is generated during curing. Since on the one hand sulfates do not harmonize with the ecological water treatment and on the other hand according to the origin of the raw materials (slag, blastfurnace, fly ash) numerous impurities of the material with heavy metals, phosphates, etc. are hardly avoidable, such mortars for use in natural pools, swimming ponds and fish tanks are not suitable.
    Geopolymere consist of fired alumina, which are supplied with alkalis, such as sodium hydroxide or water glass, a polymerization process. This technique is dealt with in numerous patents, for example in FR 2 666 235 A. Geopolymerisation is characterized by the release of high heat of reaction and, moreover, the release of sodium ions from the final product is problematic for use in biologically treated waters. Another problem with the use of geopolymers results from the handling when used in gardening and landscaping due to the high alkalinity of the mortar.
    Mixed forms of classic cements and geopolymers and pozzolans are described, for example, in DE 696 07 381 T2 and are referred to as particularly dense, particularly durable and chemically resistant mortars, which are mainly used in the final disposal of harmful waste. Also, these compositions are not suitable for use in biologically treated waters due to the alkali, sulfur and iron content. The addition of trass to cement, in particular Portland composite cement, is a classic variant to reduce precipitation of calcium oxide during cement hardening. Puzzolan, a silicon-aluminum mineral, is capable of binding released calcium hydroxide to reduce efflorescence. The alkalinity of the mortar is thereby hardly reduced, but the mortars are denser by pozzolan. The use of trass cement for underwater mortar applications is known.
    The invention is based on the object to provide a cost-effective and particularly suitable for use in biologically reprocessing waters mortars on a mineral basis. This mortar should not have the mentioned disadvantages of classical mortar, with no synthetic plastic compounds to be used. The processing time and processing technique should also be adapted to the manual processing, there should be no increased risk to the construction workers in the processing of the product and it should be no special know-how for processing required.
    The object is achieved according to the invention by the use of a mortar with pure calcium aluminate cement as cement and dolomite sand and / or quartz sand as sand, the calcium aluminate cement in each case at most 2 wt.% Of sulfates, phosphates and silicates and its proportion in the dry mortar 5 wt.% To 30 wt.% Is. Mortar with calcium aluminate cement as a binder has a very rapid strength development and has a high resistance to acids up to a pH of about 4. The rapid strength development is particularly advantageous, for example when used as masonry mortar for laying natural stones, for lining a swimming pond or swimming pool. The high resistance to acid attack prevents the dissolution of the binder by carbon dioxide, which is released in biofilm growth in the solidified mortar. Particularly in combination with dolomite sand, which traps and neutralizes carbon dioxide, the use of mortar according to the invention shows first-class resistance in biologically treated waters.
    In addition to the binder, therefore, the sand which forms the main constituent of the mortar is of particular importance for the invention. In principle, it is possible to produce a mortar made of calcium aluminate cement with clean, washed quartz sand suitable for the inner surfaces of swimming ponds, natural pools and the like. However, the preferred composition of the mortar for biologically treated waters contains calcareous dolomite sand. A high proportion of lime in the sand protects the binder from corrosion and thus increases the life of the structures under water. The biofilm formed on the solidified mortar carbon dioxide, which is formed in a particularly high concentration under the biofilm growing on the surface, so largely reacts with the lime content in the sand to calcium bicarbonate and therefore dissolves the entire surface evenly. Quartz sand has the disadvantage that the carbon dioxide acts solely on the calcium of the binder and selectively dissolves it. This can lead to a crumbly disintegration of the mortar surface and it can cause larger pores and fractures, in which again biofilm forms, which is rather difficult to remove. Subsequently, the unbound quartz sand can detach. However, if calcareous sand, ie dolomite sand, is used, the entire surface will weather evenly, leaving the surface relatively smooth. The rate of weathering of the calcareous surface is about one-tenth that of the exclusive use of quartz sand. This is due to the fact that the resulting carbon dioxide can be distributed over a much larger surface and the faster implementation of high concentrations, which can lead to the formation of deep pores, prevented. In addition, dolomite sand has an additional magnesium content, which further enhances the uniform weathering of the surface, so that a dimensionally stable and easy-care surface is retained for a particularly long time. Furthermore, dolomite sand and quartz sand can be used in any ratio. These blending variants may be relevant to certain mortar strength requirements.
    Commercially available calcium aluminate cements and commercial dolomite sand and / or quartz sand can advantageously be used. The used dolomite sand consists of at least 90% of the mineral dolomite, the quartz sand should preferably be a pure quartz sand, which consists almost exclusively of quartz grains.
    The invention also mortars are used, the sand has an extractable phosphate content <6 mg / kg. A dissolution of the superficial layers of the mortar is provided and forms part of the inventive concept. Therefore, no substances may be present in the starting material that could subsequently affect the water quality. A solution of phosphates from the building material would lead to increased deposit formation on the material, formation of filamentous algae growth and / or eutrophication of the water, resulting in water turbidity.
    The mixture of sand and calcium aluminate cement can already be delivered ready for use or made available so that it only has to be mixed with water at the construction site. However, it is also possible to provide sets with the two individual components in separate containers in order to allow different mixing ratios. For the use of the mortar for the production of a screed surface, for pouring formwork or forms or for the construction of floor slabs, the grain size of the sand should be up to 4 mm. If the mortar is used for fixing stones, such as ball stones, natural stones or bricks, or for fixing bricks, the preferred grain size of the sand is up to 2 mm. When using the mortar as grout or casting compound, the grain size of the sand should be up to 1 mm. From the mortar prefabricated parts can be created for use in bio-treatable waters, such as panels for floor and wall lining, also shaped blocks for pool or pond edges or precast parts for stairs. The advantage that the use of the mortar during curing shows no or no appreciable increase in the pH of the water, is a certain disadvantage when using iron reinforcements, which may optionally be poured into the mortar to increase the strength. The material for such reinforcements should therefore advantageously be chosen so that even at pH values in the range around the neutral pH no appreciable corrosion occurs.
    权利要求:
    Claims (6)
    [1]
    claims
    1. Use of mortar of cement and sand for the design of the contacted by water interior of bio-treatable waters, especially of swimming ponds, natural pools or fish tanks, characterized in that as cement a pure calcium aluminate cement and sand dolomite sand and / or quartz sand is used in which the calcium aluminate cement contains at most 2% by weight of sulphates, phosphates and silicates and its proportion in the dry mortar is 5% by weight to 30% by weight.
    [2]
    2. Use of mortar according to claim 1, characterized in that the sand has an extractable phosphate content <6 mg / kg.
    [3]
    3. Use of mortar according to claim 1 or 2 as a screed for pouring formwork or molds or for the construction of floor slabs, wherein the grain size of the sand is up to 4 mm.
    [4]
    4. Use of mortar according to claim 1 or 2 for the attachment of stones, for example of ball stones, natural stones or bricks, or for the attachment of bricks, wherein the grain size of the sand is up to 2 mm.
    [5]
    5. Use of mortar according to claim 1 or 2 as jointing or casting compound, wherein the grain size of the sand is up to 1 mm.
    [6]
    6. Use of mortar according to claim 1 or 2 for the production of finished parts, such as plates for floor and wall lining and molded blocks for pool and pond edges, and of precast parts for stairs.
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    同族专利:
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    引用文献:
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    法律状态:
    2021-06-15| MM01| Lapse because of not paying annual fees|Effective date: 20201001 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA50828/2015A|AT517585B1|2015-10-01|2015-10-01|Use of mortar made of cement and sand|ATA50828/2015A| AT517585B1|2015-10-01|2015-10-01|Use of mortar made of cement and sand|
    EP16188996.9A| EP3150565B1|2015-10-01|2016-09-15|Use of mortar based on aluminacement and sand|
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