• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    In a transport container for the transport of temperature-sensitive cargo having an interior for receiving the transported goods, which is limited by a multi-layer shell, comprising at least one latent heat storage layer or at least one latent heat storage element, facing away from the interior and / or facing the interior of the interior Side of the at least one latent heat storage layer or the at least one latent heat storage element arranged at least one energy distribution layer of a highly thermally conductive material.
    公开号:AT517512A1
    申请号:T517/2015
    申请日:2015-08-04
    公开日:2017-02-15
    发明作者:
    申请人:Rep Ip Ag；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to a transport container for the transport of temperature-sensitive cargo having an interior for receiving the transported goods, which is bounded by a multi-layer casing comprising at least one latent heat storage layer or at least one latent heat storage element.
    When transporting temperature-sensitive goods to be transported, such as For periods of several hours or days, prescribed storage and transport temperature ranges must be maintained to ensure the usability and safety of the medicinal product. Temperature ranges from 2 to 25 ° C, especially 2 to 8 ° C as storage and transport conditions are prescribed for various drugs.
    The desired temperature range can be above or below the ambient temperature, so that either cooling or heating of the interior of the transport container is required. If the ambient conditions change during a transport operation, the required temperature control may include both cooling and heating. So that the desired temperature range during transport is permanently and demonstrably adhered to, transport containers with special insulation capacity are used. These containers are equipped with passive or active tempering elements. Passive tempering require during use no external power supply, but use their heat storage capacity, and depending on the temperature level to a release or absorption of heat to or from the temperature to be tempered transport container interior. However, such passive tempering are exhausted as soon as the temperature compensation is completed with the transport container interior.
    A special form of passive tempering are latent heat storage, which can store thermal energy in phase change materials whose latent heat of fusion, heat of solution or heat of absorption is much greater than the heat they can store due to their normal specific heat capacity. A disadvantage of latent heat storage is the fact that they lose their effect as soon as the entire material has completely gone through the phase change. However, by performing the reverse phase change, the latent heat storage may be recharged.
    Active temperature control elements require an external energy supply for their operation. They are based on the transformation of a non-thermal energy form into a thermal energy form. The release or absorption of heat is carried out, for example, in the context of a thermodynamic cycle, such. by means of a
    Compression chiller. Another embodiment of active temperature control elements operates on the basis of the thermoelectric principle, whereby so-called Peltier elements are used.
    A problem with transport containers of the type mentioned is that the energy input into the transport container during transport is heterogeneous. If the container is exposed to heat radiation, the energy input in the area of the radiation effect is significantly greater than in the areas in which no radiation acts on the container. Nevertheless, the temperature must be in
    Inside the container to be kept constant and homogeneous within a permissible range. With inhomogeneous energy input there is the problem that the latent heat storage is not consumed homogeneously. Thus, it comes in the interior of the transport container after a certain time to local temperature changes. If the local temperature changes exceed or fall below a certain threshold, the cargo is no longer protected.
    Transport containers are therefore usually designed so that each page works independently. As a result, each page must be designed for the maximum possible load. However, the energy potential of one area can not be used for another area. If heat radiation acts, for example, from above on the transport container, this energy is absorbed by the latent heat storage element in the upper region in which it passes through a phase transition. Once the phase transition has occurred, the energy enters the interior of the container and causes heating in the upper region of the container. The remaining energy absorption potential of the
    Latent heat storage element in the lower area can not be used. As a result, in conventional transport containers in which the temperature is controlled with latent heat storage elements, each side is independently designed for the maximum expected thermal energy input. However, this leads to a significant increase in weight and / or a significant volume increase. Both lead to a significant loss of efficiency during transport. Most pharmaceutical products are transported by aircraft, where even a small increase in weight or volume leads to significant additional costs.
    The present invention therefore aims to overcome the above-mentioned disadvantages and in particular to maximize the volume of the transport container usable for the transported goods, without impairing the temperature holding capacity. This is intended to reduce the transport costs per weight unit of the item to be transported.
    To achieve this object, the invention provides for a transport container of the type mentioned above, that on the interior facing away and / or that on the interior side facing the at least one latent heat storage layer or the at least one latent heat storage element at least one energy distribution layer of a strong thermally conductive material is arranged. Because at least one energy distribution layer is arranged on the side facing away from the interior of the at least one latent heat storage layer or the at least one latent heat storage element, it is possible from outside, e.g. to distribute thermal energy acting on only one side of the transport container, in particular as heat radiation, to the other sides of the container. The at least one energy distribution layer arranged radially outside the latent heat storage layer or the at least one latent heat storage element preferably surrounds the interior of the transport container on all sides, so that there is a distribution of the applied thermal energy over the entire circumference of the envelope. The energy distributed in this way is transferred to the inner layers of the container wall and leads to one over the
    Extension of the latent heat storage layer or the at least one latent heat storage element uniform consumption of the latent heat storage. The volume of the latent heat storage to be provided therefore does not have to be designed for the maximum energy input that can be expected from each side, but rather for the sum of the energy input that can be expected from all sides. Since it can be assumed that not every side of the transport container is individually exposed to the maximum expected energy input, the total volume of the latent heat storage can be reduced.
    The arrangement of the at least one energy distribution layer on the side facing the interior of the at least one latent heat storage layer or the at least one latent heat storage element causes the thermal energy in the interior of the transport container is homogenized. Warm air that is generated in the interior (for example, due to the setting of warm cargo), always collects in the upper area of the interior, where there is an excessive consumption of the latent heat storage. By virtue of the energy distribution layer arranged radially within the latent heat storage layer or of the at least one latent heat storage element, the thermal energy to be absorbed from the interior can be uniformly distributed to the entire latent heat storage without further aids. Forcing a convection in the interior is thus not required and it can therefore be dispensed with the corresponding fan and the like.
    Another advantage of the embodiment of the invention is that the latent heat storage does not necessarily completely surround the interior, i. not as that
    Interior enclosing on all sides
    Latent heat storage layer must be formed. Rather, it is enough, one or more
    Locating latent heat storage element (s) locally, i. only to be arranged on one, two or three sides of the interior. This achieves a further volume saving.
    The at least one energy distribution layer can be arranged either radially outside or radially inside the at least one latent heat storage layer or the at least one latent heat storage element, depending on whether the externally acting energy distribution or energy distribution within the interior is in the foreground. Among other things, this depends on the dimensions of the transport container. Preferably, in each case at least one energy distribution layer is provided radially outside and radially inside the at least one latent heat storage layer or of the at least one latent heat storage element. The two energy distribution layers preferably surround the interior of the transport container on all sides.
    The circumferential energy distribution is favored according to a preferred development in that on the side facing away from the interior of the at least one latent heat storage layer or the at least one latent heat storage element at least one insulating layer is arranged, wherein the on the interior side facing away from the at least one latent heat storage layer or the at least a latent heat storage element arranged energy distribution layer preferably between the insulating layer and the latent heat storage layer or the
    Latent heat storage element is arranged. By means of the insulating layer of the energy flow in the radial direction is reduced to the interior of the transport container. The insulating layer preferably surrounds the interior of the transport container on all sides.
    Another evening out on the
    Latent heat storage acting thermal energy is preferably achieved in that on the side facing away from the interior of the at least one latent heat storage layer and the latent heat storage element at least two energy distribution layers are arranged from a highly thermally conductive material, wherein preferably the insulating layer between the two energy distribution layers is arranged.
    One of the energy distribution layers can thereby form the outer surface of the transport container, i. this energy distribution layer forms the outermost layer of the transport container wall. This also includes embodiments in which the energy distribution layer carries a protective layer or a decorative layer on the outside. Such a layer has substantially no effect with respect to the thermal properties of the transport container, but protects the
    Energy distribution layer from external influences, such. abrasive influences, or serves the realization of labels or the like.
    The at least one energy distribution layer is preferably designed and dimensioned such that the maximum temperature difference in the interior of the transport container is a maximum of 5 Kelvin, preferably a maximum of 8 Kelvin.
    Preferably, the at least one energy distribution layer has a thermal conductivity λ> 200 W / (m.K).
    Such values of the thermal conductivity can preferably be achieved in that the respective energy distribution layer consists at least partially, preferably completely, of aluminum, copper or carbon nanotubes. Aluminimum has a thermal conductivity of about 236 W / (m.K). Copper has a thermal conductivity of about 401 W / (m.K). Carbon nanotubes have a thermal conductivity of 6000 W / (m.K). It is also conceivable that the respective energy distribution layer consists of at least two different materials which have a different thermal conductivity.
    The insulating layer preferably has a conductivity λ <0.05 W / (m.K), preferably <0.03 W / (m.K). Furthermore, the insulating layer preferably has a thickness of 10-200 mm.
    The insulating layer is preferably formed as a vacuum insulation. The insulating layer preferably comprises at least one cavity which is evacuated. Alternatively, the at least one cavity may be filled with a gas which is poorly thermally conductive. Furthermore, the insulating layer may have a honeycomb-like structure. An advantageous embodiment results when the insulating layer has a plurality of particular honeycomb-shaped hollow chambers, wherein a honeycomb structural element according to WO 2011/032299 Al is particularly advantageous.
    In direct sunlight, up to 1000W / m2 of heat radiation can reach the transport container causing a large temperature difference on the surface. For example, with a 2mm outer aluminum energy distribution layer, 0.002m * 236W / (m * K) = 0.472W / K is tangentially conducted. By increasing the layer thickness, this value can naturally be increased. By means of an insulating material, the energy flow is reduced radially to the interior of the transport container. With a thickness of the insulating layer of 0.1 m and an insulating material with a thermal conductivity of 0.02 W / (m * K), the amount of energy conducted to the interior is reduced to 0.02W / (m * K) / 0.1m = 0.2W / (m2 * K).
    The amount of energy that arrives at the interior of the insulation layer is directly proportional to the surface temperature of the outer energy distribution layer with homogeneous insulation material and insulation thickness. By a further energy distribution layer occurring in the circumferential direction of the container wall temperature differences are further homogenized on the latent heat storage. The thickness of the further energy distribution layer preferably depends on the maximum permissible temperature difference in the interior. The energy flow in the further energy distribution layer can be optimally optimized by using different conductive materials, different material thicknesses or openings in the material. Ideally, this layer is designed so that the maximum temperature difference in the interior is less than 5 Kelvin, in particular less than 8 Kelvin.
    The required conductivity of the further energy distribution layer depends on the maximum
    Energy input to this layer. This results from the temperature difference within the outer energy distribution layer and from the energy flow through the insulation layer. Based on the above example, the maximum energy input is 50 Kelvin
    Temperature difference at 0.2W / (m2 * K) * 50K = 10W / m2. Thus, the further energy distribution layer must be able to conduct this energy at a temperature difference of not more than 8 Kelvin in the interior of the container.
    In order to specifically influence the energy flow through the at least one energy distribution layer as needed, a preferred embodiment provides that the at least one energy distribution layer comprises sections with a smaller cross section and sections with a larger cross section. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one energy distribution layer may have openings for the same purpose.
    The latent heat storage layer is preferably formed as a planar chemical latent heat storage, with respect to the latent heat storage medium forming conventional training can be used. Preferred media for the latent heat storage are paraffins and salt mixtures. The phase transition of the medium is preferably in the temperature range of 0-10 ° C or between 2-25 ° C.
    To recharge the latent heat storage when needed, this can be used in combination with at least one active tempering. The invention is developed in this context such that the shell further comprises an active tempering or an active tempering. Alternatively or additionally, however, the active tempering layer or the active tempering element can also be used to directly temper the interior of the container.
    The active tempering layer or the active tempering element is preferably one that converts electrical energy into heat to be emitted or absorbed. For the purpose of supplying the required electrical energy of the transport container is preferably equipped on its outer side with connecting means, in particular a socket, for electrically connecting an external power source. As soon as an external power source is available, the active tempering layer or the active tempering element can thus be put into operation.
    Furthermore, it can be provided that the transport container has an electrical energy store, such as an electric energy storage device. an accumulator, which can be fed by an external power source. The electrical energy storage can be arranged to control and possibly
    Supply temperature monitoring electronics of the transport container with electrical energy. Furthermore, the electrical energy store can be connected to the active tempering layer or the active tempering element, in order to supply them with electrical energy if required. As a result, at least a brief operation of the active temperature control layer or of the active tempering element is also possible during transport if no external power source is present.
    A preferred embodiment provides that the active tempering layer or the active tempering
    Peltier elements having a cooperating with a thermodynamic cycle, in particular a compression refrigeration heat exchanger or a magnetic cooling. Peltier elements are particularly preferably used because they can be made physically small and can be integrated in a simple manner into the tempering layer. The tempering layer preferably comprises a plurality of Peltier elements whose cold and warm sides are each connected to a common plate-shaped heat-conducting element. The plate-shaped heat-conducting elements thus form the top and the bottom of the tempering and carry interposed Peltier elements.
    The active tempering element can be integrated into the latent heat storage layer or the latent heat storage element.
    For example, it can be provided here that the temperature control element is designed as a cooling coil, which runs in the latent heat storage layer or in the latent heat storage element.
    The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to embodiments shown schematically in the drawing. 1 shows a first embodiment of the transport container according to the invention, FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of the transport container according to the invention, and FIG. 3 shows a third embodiment of the transport container according to the invention.
    In Fig. 1, a cuboid transport container 1 is shown, whose walls are designated 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. On the sixth side of the transport container 1 is shown open so that the layer structure of the walls is visible. The open side can be closed for example by means of a door having the same layer structure as the walls 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. The six walls of the transport container 1 all have the same layer structure. The layer construction comprises an outer energy distribution layer 7, e.g. made of aluminum, an insulating layer 8, a further energy distribution layer 9, a latent heat storage layer 10 and an inner energy distribution layer 11.
    The embodiment according to FIG. 2 corresponds to the embodiment according to FIG. 1 with the difference that an insulating layer 12 is additionally arranged as the innermost layer.
    In the embodiment according to FIG. 3, the latent heat accumulator is not designed as a latent heat storage layer surrounding the inside of the transport container on all sides, but rather as a latent heat storage element 13, which is arranged only in the region of the wall 4. The layer structure of the walls comprises only an insulating layer 8 and an energy distribution layer 9.
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [1]
    claims:
    1. Transport container for transporting temperature-sensitive cargo with an interior for receiving the cargo, which is bounded by a multi-layer shell comprising at least one latent heat storage layer or at least one latent heat storage element, characterized in that facing away from the interior and / or at the the inner side facing the at least one latent heat storage layer or the at least one latent heat storage element is arranged at least one energy distribution layer of a highly thermally conductive material.
    [2]
    2. Transport container according to claim 1, characterized in that on the side facing away from the interior of the at least one latent heat storage layer or the at least one latent heat storage element at least one insulating layer is arranged, wherein on the side remote from the interior of the at least one latent heat storage layer or the at least one Latent heat storage element arranged energy distribution layer is preferably disposed between the insulating layer and the latent heat storage layer or the latent heat storage element.
    [3]
    3. Transport container according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that arranged on the side facing away from the interior of the at least one latent heat storage layer or the latent heat storage element at least two energy distribution layers of a highly thermally conductive material, wherein preferably the insulating layer between the two energy distribution layers is arranged.
    [4]
    4. Transport container according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the insulating layer has a conductivity Λ <0.05 W / (m.K), preferably <0.03 W / (m.K).
    [5]
    5. Transport container according to claim 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that the insulating layer has a thickness of 10 -200mm.
    [6]
    6. Transport container according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the at least one energy distribution layer has a thermal conductivity A> 200 W / (m.K).
    [7]
    7. Transport container according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the at least one energy distribution layer consists at least partially of aluminum, copper or carbon nanotubes.
    [8]
    8. Transport container according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the at least one energy distribution layer consists of at least two different materials which have a different thermal conductivity.
    [9]
    9. Transport container according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that at least one of the energy distribution layers comprises portions with a smaller cross section and portions with a larger cross section.
    [10]
    10. Transport container according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that at least one of the energy distribution layers has openings.
    [11]
    11. Transport container according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the shell further comprises an active tempering.
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    US20170038114A1|2017-02-09|
    AT517512B1|2019-01-15|
    EP3128266A1|2017-02-08|
    引用文献:
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA517/2015A|AT517512B1|2015-08-04|2015-08-04|Transport container for transporting temperature-sensitive cargo|ATA517/2015A| AT517512B1|2015-08-04|2015-08-04|Transport container for transporting temperature-sensitive cargo|
    EP16450011.8A| EP3128266A1|2015-08-04|2016-06-14|Transport container for transporting temperature-sensitive products to be transported|
    US15/224,125| US20170038114A1|2015-08-04|2016-07-29|Transport Container for Transporting Temperature-Sensitive Transport Goods|
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