• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a method for producing a composite (1) comprising glass panes (2) and a photovoltaic panel (3), comprising the steps of providing two curved glass panes (2) and a photovoltaic which can be molded onto a curvature of the panes (2) Panel (3),  arranging the photovoltaic panel (3) between the glass sheets (2), between the glass sheets (2) and the photovoltaic panel (3) optionally intermediate layers (4) are arranged, and connecting the glass sheets ( 2), the photovoltaic panel (3) and the optional intermediate layers (4) at elevated temperature and pressure to produce a composite (1). Furthermore, the invention relates to a composite (1) made of glass panes (2) and a photovoltaic panel (3), in particular for use as a facade element of a building, wherein the photovoltaic panel (3) within two curved glass panes (2) is arranged, wherein the composite (1) forms a curved shape. Furthermore, the invention relates to a use of such a composite (1).
    公开号:AT517505A1
    申请号:T50637/2015
    申请日:2015-07-20
    公开日:2017-02-15
    发明作者:
    申请人:Sfl Tech Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Process for producing a composite and composite produced therewith
    The invention relates to a method for producing a composite of glass panes and a photovoltaic panel.
    Moreover, the invention relates to a composite of glass panes and a photovoltaic panel, in particular for use as a facade element of a building.
    Furthermore, the invention relates to a use of such a composite.
    From the prior art it is known to attach a composite of glass panes and an interposed photovoltaic panel on a facade of a building. As a result, on the one hand, an outer surface of a building is used to generate electricity from light energy, and on the other hand, an outer surface can be made visually appealing. However, this is limited exclusively to flat outer surfaces, since it is not possible to produce an uneven composite having any two-dimensional or three-dimensional shape. Although it is known to integrate a photovoltaic panel in flat glasses and then bias such a composite cold. However, this method is on the one hand consuming and on the other hand, a possible bending radius is limited.
    In particular, outdoor surfaces of modern buildings are increasingly formed or designed with curved and curved surfaces and with a few corners and edges. However, such a building can not or not completely covered with a known composite of glass panes and a photovoltaic panel. It is therefore not possible uniform design of external surfaces. In addition, a not inconsiderable part of an outer surface can not be used for energy harvesting.
    This is where the invention starts. The object of the invention is to provide a method of the type mentioned, with which an arbitrarily shaped composite of glass panes and a photovoltaic panel can be produced in a simple manner.
    Another object is to provide a composite of the type mentioned, which is accurately fitting to any uneven outer surfaces of a building attachable.
    Furthermore, it is the goal to specify a use of such a network.
    The object is achieved according to the invention in that a method of the type mentioned initially comprises the following steps:
    Providing two curved glass panes and a photovoltaic panel which can be molded onto a curvature of the glass panes,
    Arranging the photovoltaic panel between the glass sheets, wherein between the glass sheets and the photovoltaic panel optionally intermediate layers are arranged, and
    Bonding the glass sheets, the photovoltaic panel and the optional intermediate layers at elevated temperature and pressure to form a composite.
    An advantage achieved by the invention is to be seen in particular in the fact that by using a deformable photovoltaic panel between two already provided as curved or bent glass sheets in a simple manner, a usable as a curved facade protection composite. A size of a curvature or a radius thereof can be arbitrary in many areas. For use as a facade element usually a production of a two-dimensionally curved composite is sufficient. However, it can also be provided that a composite with a spherical curved or three-dimensional shape is produced. The completely transparent glass panes used for this purpose are manufactured before production of the composite with final dimensions or close to the final dimensions. The inventive method also significantly reduces production time for producing a bent composite in comparison to cold pretensioning a composite of flat glasses and a photovoltaic panel. The provided photovoltaic panel is plate-shaped and can for example be made of polycrystalline silicon and the outside front and rear with a fiberglass-plastic composite to be distributed evenly at a bending forces acting. In particular, it is favorable if a thin and flexible formed photovoltaic panel is provided, which is integrated into the glass panes, that a composite is formed, for example by laminating the individual elements. The photovoltaic panel is adapted for this purpose to the shape or surface of the glass sheets, which are uneven. The two glass panes or their shape correspond to each other. The composite can be lined at its edges. By enclosing the photovoltaic panel in the glass panes and editing such Rohverbundes at elevated temperature and pressure, a dimensionally stable, high-quality and durable or robust composite is produced, which a uniform design of a facade and a use of all external surfaces of a building to a Energy harvest allows. Plane exterior surfaces of a building are then clad with a corresponding planar composite of flat glass panes and a photovoltaic panel. Such a planar composite is produced using flat glass sheets according to the method of the invention.
    To produce a composite, two intermediate layers can optionally be provided, which are arranged on both sides of the photovoltaic panel between the glass panes. As the intermediate layer, a plastic is preferably used, via which the photovoltaic panel is connected on both sides with a glass pane. The intermediate layer may be, for example, a film of polyvinyl acetate or ethylene vinyl acetate. It is favorable if outer layers of the photovoltaic panel have a certain roughness or are not formed too smoothly so that the intermediate layer adheres to it. In order to allow sunlight to strike the photovoltaic panel, in addition to the transparent glass panes, the intermediate layer is also transparent, at least on one side of the composite facing the light. In particular, glass panes, a photovoltaic panel and intermediate layers of the same dimensions as the surface or side lengths are provided. In this case, a shape of the individual elements or of the composite may be arbitrary, with a rectangular in plan view form of the composite is particularly favorable for dressing a facade.
    It is expedient if the glass panes, the photovoltaic panel and the intermediate layers are arranged in a vacuum bag and pressed together to produce a dimensionally stable, long-lasting and high mechanical stress-maintaining composite. To compress the individual elements of the composite are precisely superimposed and placed in the vacuum bag, which is then evacuated. A pressure or negative pressure in the vacuum bag can be in the range from 0 mbar to 500 mbar, in particular, this may be less than 350 mbar, preferably less than 250 mbar.
    It is also advantageous if the composite is produced under elevated pressure in the range from about 7 bar to 17 bar, preferably in the range from 9 bar to 15 bar, in particular at about 12 bar. For this purpose, the composite is preferably previously placed in the vacuum bag, through which the individual elements are pressed together by oppression. The composite is then stored in the vacuum bag for about 4 hours to 7 hours, in particular about 5 hours to 6 hours, in an autoclave at overpressure or laminated, wherein the negative pressure in the vacuum bag is maintained during a total residence time in the autoclave.
    It is also particularly favorable if the composite is produced at at least 130 ° C., in particular in the range from 140 ° C. to 200 ° C., preferably in the range from 170 ° C. to 190 ° C., particularly preferably approximately at 180 ° C. to produce a dimensionally stable composite. The temperature as well as the pressure in the autoclave are preferably adjusted or regulated from the outside.
    It is advantageous to provide a photovoltaic panel of polycrystalline silicon cells encased in glass fiber reinforced plastic. Polycrystalline silicon cells are inexpensive compared to other semiconductor materials suitable for a solar cell. The polycrystalline silicon cells are advantageously covered on both sides with a transparent composite material, wherein the composite material of glass fibers and a powdered plastic is produced, for example by annealing. It is particularly advantageous in this case if a refractive index of the glass fibers and of the plastic in the produced composite material is substantially the same in order to achieve a particularly high transparency of the composite material, so that light strikes the polycrystalline silicon cells as far as possible without scattering or reflections. Due to the glass fibers in the composite material, this is reinforced mechanically, so that the photovoltaic panel can be bent without damage or brought into any desired shape. Next is always favored by the transparent design of the glass fibers and the plastic high light transmission. It can be favorable if the photovoltaic panel is produced at elevated temperature and elevated pressure, for example at at least 130 ° C. and at least 7 bar.
    The further aim is achieved if in a composite of the type mentioned, the photovoltaic panel is disposed between two curved glass sheets, wherein the composite forms a curved shape.
    An advantage thus achieved is to be seen in particular in the fact that such a composite can be used as a universal facade element. A curvature or bending of the composite is arbitrary. For use in a facade this may preferably be curved two-dimensionally. However, it may also be provided a spherically curved shape with a three-dimensional bend of the composite. The glass panes are already formed curved prior to production of the composite and enclose the photovoltaic panel, which is arbitrarily bendable or deformable and adapted to the shape of the glass panes or integrated into this. At the edges of the composite, a seam can be arranged, which can be made of a metal, a metal alloy or a plastic.
    It can also be favorable if the glass panes and the photovoltaic panel are pressed together, wherein an intermediate layer is provided between a glass pane and the photovoltaic panel. The compression of the individual elements takes place in a vacuum bag, which is evacuated. The composite is preferably produced in an autoclave, wherein a pressure and a temperature in this are preferably increased. The photovoltaic panel is externally formed so that the intermediate layer of particular plastic adhered to this. The intermediate layer provides a durable bond between the glass sheets and the photovoltaic panel and may be formed, for example, of polyvinyl acetate or ethylene vinyl acetate.
    It is advantageous if the photovoltaic panel comprises polycrystalline silicon cells. Such a photovoltaic panel is inexpensive to produce. The polycrystalline silicon cells are advantageously covered on both sides with a transparent composite material, wherein the composite material of glass fibers and a powdered plastic is preferably prepared at elevated temperature and elevated pressure, for example by annealing. It is particularly favorable in this case if a refractive index of
    Glass fibers and the plastic in the produced composite material is substantially equal to achieve a particularly high transparency of the composite material. Due to the glass fibers in the composite this is reinforced mechanically, which always favor a high light transmission through their transparent design. The glass fibers can be further defined as fabrics having a basis weight in the range of 50 g / m2 to 600 g / m2, in particular in the range of 100 g / m2 to 400 g / m2, preferably in the range of 160 g / m2 to 340 g / m2, be educated. It can further be provided that the weight of the fabric is higher on a side facing away from the light than on a side facing the light, for example 1.5 times to 2.5 times as high. It is thus on the one hand increases a load capacity of the entire photovoltaic panel and on the other hand kept a weight of the same low. Furthermore, the glass fiber fabric can be formed from 1 to 10, preferably 4 to 6, folded yarns, wherein a fineness of warp yarns in the range of 30 tex to 120 tex, preferably in the range of 50 tex to 100 tex, in particular in the range of 60 tex to 70 tex, can lie. By contrast, a fineness of weft yarns can be in the range from 100 tex to 500 tex, preferably in the range from 200 tex to 350 tex, in particular in the range from 270 tex to 300 tex.
    A use of a composite according to the invention is advantageously carried out as a facade element for a building.
    Further features, advantages and effects will become apparent from the embodiments illustrated below. In the drawings, to which reference is made, show:
    Fig. 1 is an exploded view of a composite according to the invention;
    Fig. 2 shows another composite according to the invention.
    The composite 1 comprises two curved or curved glass sheets 2 and a photovoltaic panel 3. The glass sheets 2 are already uneven or non-planar, whereas the photovoltaic panel 3 bendable or is flexible. The photovoltaic panel 3 is thereby adaptable to any uneven surfaces. For producing a composite 1, this is adapted to the shape of the glass sheets 2, wherein both glass sheets 2 have the same shape. The photovoltaic panel 3 can so in the
    Glass panels 2 be integrated so that its optically active side forms a convex shape. However, it is also possible that this is a concave shape forming between the glass sheets 2 is arranged, depending on a use of the composite 1. It is favorable if between each one glass sheet 2 and the photovoltaic panel 3, an intermediate layer 4 is provided. The intermediate layer 4 may be formed as a film of polyvinyl acetate or ethylene vinyl acetate and establishes a connection between the glass sheets 2 and the photovoltaic panel 3.
    FIG. 2 shows a further composite 1 according to the invention. This has a curved or twice arched shape. A composite 1 may be formed from any shaped glass sheets 2, wherein the deformable photovoltaic panel 3 is adapted to the shape of the glass sheets 2. The glass sheets 2 are formed with a small thickness of 10 mm or less, preferably 7 mm or less, more preferably 5 mm or less.
    When producing a composite 1, two curved glass panes 2 and one deformable photovoltaic panel 3 are provided, wherein the photovoltaic panel 3 is arranged between the glass panes 2 or integrated into them. For connecting the glass panes 2 to the photovoltaic panel 3, an intermediate layer 4 can be arranged therebetween in each case. Preferably, the composite 1 is produced in an autoclave in which a pressure and a temperature are increased. It is advantageous for this purpose if the individual elements of the composite 1 are precisely superimposed and placed in a so-called vacuum bag, which is evacuated, so that the glass sheets 2, the photovoltaic panel 3 and the intermediate layers 4 are pressed together. In the autoclave, the individual elements are thermally treated for a few hours, so that a dimensionally stable composite 1 is produced. The intermediate layers 4 are transparent after the treatment in the autoclave to allow an unhindered impingement of sunlight on the photovoltaic panel 3 in an application of the composite 1. At the same time a connection of the photovoltaic panel 3 is made with the glass sheets 2 through the formed as a laminate intermediate layer 4. For this purpose, a surface of the photovoltaic panel 3 is expediently such that an adhesion of the intermediate layers 4 is given, for example, this may have a high coefficient of friction. The photovoltaic panel 3 is designed to be temperature resistant, so that it is fully operational even after treatment in the autoclave. These are on the one hand, an elevated temperature over a longer period of time and on the other hand, a cooling process after the thermal treatment without damage survived. Furthermore, even high pressures are survived unscathed by the photovoltaic panel 3. The same applies to the glass sheets 2. The photovoltaic panel 3 is further advantageously formed of polycrystalline silicon cells, which are bordered on both sides by a glass fiber reinforced plastic.
    权利要求:
    Claims (9)
    [1]
    claims
    1. The invention relates to a method for producing a composite (1) from glass panes (2) and a photovoltaic panel (3), comprising the steps: providing two curved glass panes (2) and one to a curvature of the glass panes (2) shapeable photovoltaic panel (3), arranging the photovoltaic panel (3) between the glass sheets (2), between the glass sheets (2) and the photovoltaic panel (3) optionally intermediate layers (4) are arranged, and connecting the glass sheets (2), the photovoltaic panel (3) and the optional intermediate layers (4) at elevated temperature and pressure to produce a composite (1).
    [2]
    2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the glass sheets (2), the photovoltaic panel (3) and the intermediate layers (4) are arranged in a vacuum bag and pressed together.
    [3]
    3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the composite (1) under elevated pressure in the range of about 7 bar to 17 bar, preferably in the range of 9 bar to 15 bar, in particular at about 12 bar, is produced.
    [4]
    4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the composite (1) at least 130 ° C, in particular in the range of 140 ° C to 200 ° C, preferably in the range of 170 ° C to 190 ° C, particularly preferably at about 180 ° C is prepared.
    [5]
    5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a photovoltaic panel (3) is provided in a glass fiber reinforced plastic edged polycrystalline cells made of silicon.
    [6]
    6. composite (1) of glass panes (2) and a photovoltaic panel (3), in particular for use as a facade element of a building, characterized in that the photovoltaic panel (3) between two curved glass panes (2) is arranged, the composite (1) forms a curved shape.
    [7]
    7. composite (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that the glass panes (2) and the photovoltaic panel (3) are pressed together, wherein between a glass pane (2) and the photovoltaic panel (3) has an intermediate layer (4) is provided.
    [8]
    8. composite (1) according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the photovoltaic panel (3) comprises polycrystalline cells made of silicon.
    [9]
    9. Use of a composite (1) according to any one of claims 6 to 8 as a facade element for a building.
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP3121854A1|2017-01-25|
    AT517505B1|2018-12-15|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US5149351A|1988-05-24|1992-09-22|Asahi Glass Company Ltd.|Method for making a curved solar panel for an automobile|
    US5508205A|1994-03-29|1996-04-16|Amoco/Enron Solar|Method of making and utilizing partially cured photovoltaic assemblies|
    ITMI20040253A1|2004-02-16|2004-05-16|Curvet S P A|CURVED PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE PRODUCTION PROCESS AND RELATED GLASS THERMALLY AND ACOUSTICALLY INSULATING|
    CN102916067B|2011-08-05|2015-06-24|深圳市中航三鑫光伏工程有限公司|Building material type double-sided glass photovoltaic component and manufacturing method thereof|
    WO2013184164A1|2012-06-08|2013-12-12|Solopower , Inc.|Roof integrated solar module assembly|
    WO2013182399A1|2012-06-05|2013-12-12|Saint-Gobain Glass France|Sunroof comprising an integrated photovoltaic module|
    CN103258881B|2013-05-07|2015-11-11|宁波山迪光能技术有限公司|Thin-film solar cell panel and preparation method thereof|
    HUE029702T2|2013-10-17|2017-03-28|Das Energy Gmbh|Photovoltaic panel and method for its production|CN110993713A|2019-12-30|2020-04-10|南京汇能新能源科技有限责任公司|Bendable battery photovoltaic module packaging structure|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA50637/2015A|AT517505B1|2015-07-20|2015-07-20|Process for producing a composite and composite produced therewith|ATA50637/2015A| AT517505B1|2015-07-20|2015-07-20|Process for producing a composite and composite produced therewith|
    EP16180190.7A| EP3121854A1|2015-07-20|2016-07-19|Method of forming a composite structure and composite structure produced in this way|
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