• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Method and device for indicating or regulating the operating state of the outlet nozzle (2) for cutting or cutting-assisted working gas of a cutting torch, wherein it is proposed that vibrations occurring by means of a vibration sensor (6) following the operation of the outlet nozzle (2) occur due to body and / or airborne sound is measured as a time-dependent vibration signal (V) and a frequency spectrum (F) of the measured vibration signal (V) is determined for at least one frequency range (f ;, fi + 1), wherein by means of two envelopes (Eb E2) of the signal peaks of the frequency spectrum (F) in the at least a frequency range (f ;, fi + 1) a signal width (S;) or at a plurality of frequency ranges (f ;, fi + I) a signal width distribution is determined which for identifying an actual operating state range of the outlet nozzle (2) one of at least three predetermined Operating state areas of the outlet nozzle (2) is assigned, and subsequently a de is generated in the actual operating state area assigned display or control signal. This makes it possible to evaluate the operating state of the outlet nozzle (2) with regard to an optimal cutting result and to optimize it subsequently by means of display or regulation.
    公开号:AT517235A4
    申请号:T50327/2015
    申请日:2015-04-23
    公开日:2016-12-15
    发明作者:
    申请人:Framag Industrieanlagenbau Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The present invention relates to a method for displaying or regulating the operating state of the cutting nozzle for cutting or cutting supporting working gas of a cutting torch according to the preamble of claim 1, and a device for displaying or regulating the operating state of the cutting nozzle for cutting or cutting supporting working gas of a cutting torch according to the preamble of Claim 4.
    In the brake cutting technique, flame cutting machines are used, in which a discharge nozzle for cutting or cutting-supporting working gas is used in a burner body of a cutting torch. The design of the outlet nozzle may vary depending on the cutting torch used, it may include about a cutting nozzle for the supply of a cutting working gas (also referred to as cutting gas) and a Heizdüse for the supply of a cutting assisting working gas (also referred to as heating gas), wherein the cutting gas is supplied to the workpiece via an axial cutting gas line of the cutting nozzle, and the heating gas is supplied to the workpiece via an annular gap-shaped Heizgasleitung or in the form of concentrically arranged around the cutting gas line Heizgasleitungen. The cutting gas may be, for example, cutting oxygen, and the heating gas may be a fuel gas-oxygen mixture provided by a heating gas chamber. The heat given off by the heating gas and the heat produced by the combustion of the workpiece enables continuous combustion by the cutting gas and consequently cutting of the workpiece. In the context of a cutting torch, which is designed as a laser burner, the thermal energy is provided for separating the workpiece in the form of a laser beam, wherein the outlet nozzle is arranged concentrically to the laser beam and supplies a cutting assisting working gas to the workpiece, which drives the removed material out of the kerf and thus supports the cutting process , In a cutting torch designed as a plasma cutting torch, the discharge nozzle comprises a cutting nozzle for supplying a plasma gas as a cutting working gas.
    The operating state of the discharge nozzle for cutting or cutting supporting working gas of a cutting torch comprises on the one hand the feed rate relative to the workpiece and the distance of the Austrittsdiise to the workpiece, but also operating conditions such as Dtirchflussmengen and operating pressure of the working gas. The operating state of the outlet nozzle is chosen in particular by setting controllable operating parameters such as feed rate, distance to the workpiece or operating pressure and flow rate of the working gas so that the cutting result is optimal. In practice, however, also influence factors occur that are not or hardly controllable, such as disruptions of the cutting jet, wear or contamination of the discharge nozzle, as well as workpiece changes in thickness, composition or temperature, These usually difficult to control influencing factors affect the cutting result and can even lead to failure of the cutting torch and longer downtime for example for the replacement of the outlet nozzle. Therefore, it would be desirable to be able to evaluate the actual operating state of the outlet nozzle in real time with regard to an optimal cutting result and to be able to correct it if necessary.
    It is therefore the object of the invention to evaluate the operating state of the outlet nozzle with respect to an optimal cutting result involving difficult to control and hardly measurable factors such as workpiece changes or wear of the outlet nozzle, and subsequently optimize the cutting result of a cutting torch by displaying or regulating the evaluated operating condition to be able to.
    These objects are achieved by the features of claim 1 and by the features of claim 4. Claim 1 relates to a method for displaying or regulating the operating state of the discharge nozzle for cutting or cutting supporting working gas of a cutting torch, is proposed according to the invention that occurring with the aid of a vibration sensor due to the operation of the discharge nozzle by body and / or airborne vibrations as time-dependent vibration signal be measured and a frequency spectrum of the measured vibration signal for at least one frequency range is determined, wherein by means of two envelopes of the signal peaks of the frequency spectrum in the at least one frequency range, a signal width or a plurality of frequency ranges a signal width distribution is determined which for identifying a is operating state range of the outlet nozzle one of at least three predetermined operating state ranges of the discharge nozzle is assigned, and subsequently assigned to the actual operating state range Display or control signal is generated.
    According to the invention, a time-dependent vibration signal is thus used to incorporate difficult-to-control and barely measurable influencing variables in the operational practice of a cutting torch, which is obtained from those vibrations that occur due to the operation of the outlet nozzle by body and / or airborne sound and in a sense as "acoustic Fingerprint "is subjected to further evaluation. From the time-dependent vibration signal, a frequency spectrum for at least one frequency range is determined according to the invention via known Fourier transform techniques. As will be explained in more detail, a signal width can be defined in the frequency spectrum for the totality of the maxima and minima.
    In order to be able to use this signal width in the frequency spectrum for an evaluation or regulation of the operating state of the outlet nozzle, the amplitudes in the frequency space must on the one hand be sufficiently accurately derivable from the vibration signal and, on the other hand, also correlate sufficiently accurately with a specific operating state of the outlet nozzle. Therefore, in the course of the Fourier transformation, a sufficient length of the vibration signal used for the Fourier transformation as well as a sufficient sampling rate must be used, since the length and sampling rate define the frequency resolution of the resulting frequency spectrum after Fourier transformation. The worse the frequency resolution, the more error-prone the amplitudes in the frequency spectrum and the less reliable is the assignment to different operating states. The Applicant has found, however, that with a quite practical choice of the signal lengths of the transformed vibration signal and the sampling rates, it is possible to map the amplitudes of the frequency spectrum sufficiently accurately to use them not only for reliable detection of different operating states but also for efficient control because the required signal lengths are well under one second and therefore several control signals per second can be obtained.
    The Applicant has also found that the correlation of the signal widths in the frequency spectrum with certain operating states of the outlet nozzle is sufficiently accurate in order to be able to identify at least three different operating states with high reliability. Although previously performed tests suggest that more than three operating states can be reliably identified, but also the reliable detection of three operating states already allows very practical applications. Thus, for example, an uncritical operating state, a subcritical operating state and a critical operating state of the outlet nozzle can be defined, for example with regard to wear or clogging of the outlet nozzle. In this way, by means of the detection of a subcritical operating state, a threatening failure of the outlet nozzle or an unacceptable quality of cut can already be indicated in a preventive manner. Preferably, therefore, it is also proposed that the at least three predetermined operating state regions of the outlet nozzle be an uncritical, a critical and at least one subcritical operating state region of the outlet nozzle, and if one of the at least three operating state regions is identified as the actual operating state region, the relevant operating state region is visually of the is distinguishably displayed to other operating status areas. The visual indication may be in the form of a green indicator light, if a non-critical operating condition has been identified as an actual operating status area, a yellow light indicator if a subcritical operating condition has been identified as an actual operating condition area, and a red light indicator if a critical one Operating state has been identified as the actual operating state range of the outlet nozzle.
    Furthermore, with the aid of the identification of different operating states of the outlet nozzle, it is also possible to easily control the outlet nozzle. For this purpose, it is proposed that the at least three predetermined operating state regions of the outlet nozzle be a desired operating state region and at least two deviation regions of the outlet nozzle, and when one of the at least two deviation regions is identified as the actual operating state region of the outlet nozzle, a control signal is generated which is the actual Operating state range of the outlet nozzle transferred to the desired operating state range. The desired operating state region can be, for example, an area of the cutting speed correlating with a specific quality of cut, which is represented so to speak as an "acoustic fingerprint" in the vibration signal. The vibration signal represents a comprehensive indicator for this, in which even difficult-to-control and barely measurable influencing variables, such as workpiece changes, manifest along the cutting line. If, for example, a preset cutting speed proves to be too high due to initially unknown workpiece changes, this is reflected by a change in the vibration signal, which can be identified in the frequency spectrum as a changed signal width. If the determined signal width falls within an operating state range specified as the deviation range, a deviation range is identified as the actual operating state range and a corresponding control signal is generated which transfers the actual operating state range of the discharge nozzle back to the desired operating state range. The corresponding Nachregeiung controllable operating parameters such as feed rate, distance to the workpiece or operating pressure and flow rate of the working gas can be made within the skill of the art.
    It has proved particularly effective to determine the frequency spectrum for a plurality of frequency ranges, for each of which separate signal widths are determined. This results in a discrete signal width distribution over the entire frequency space, wherein a specific signal width distribution can be assigned to a predetermined operating state. The calibration is done as in the case of a single signal width based on reference measurements of the vibration signal. For example, the vibration signal of a new discharge nozzle showing neither wear nor contamination can be used for the definition of a non-critical operating condition, and exit nozzles with known and rated as tolerable wear or fouling phenomena for the definition of a subcritical operating condition, and outlet nozzles with known and as Intolerable evaluated wear or fouling phenomena for the definition of a critical operating condition. Furthermore, reference measurements of the vibration signal can be used for optimum cutting speeds and used for the definition of a desired operating state range and deviation ranges. It may be advantageous to carry out the reference measurements on site, since the operating conditions in konbeeten application case may vary, and thus vorzuehtnen the calibration of eifindungsgemäßen method and apparatus according to the invention application specific.
    To carry out the method according to the invention, a device for indicating or regulating the operating state of the outlet nozzle for cutting or cutting supporting working gas of a cutting torch is proposed according to the invention, in which a vibration sensor is provided for measuring the vibration occurring due to the operation of the outlet nozzle by body and / or airborne sound and an evaluation unit that assigns one of at least three predetermined operating state ranges to the measured vibration signal for identifying an actual operating state region of the discharge nozzle, wherein a display or control unit is provided which displays or displays a display or control signal associated with the actual operating state region of the discharge nozzle Control of the actual operating state range of the outlet nozzle generated.
    As has already been stated, the display or control unit may preferably comprise at least one light source which visibly displays the identified actual operating state range visibly from the other operating status ranges. In particular, the display or control unit may comprise three light sources, wherein two light sources are assigned to a non-critical and a critical operating state, and another light source is assigned to a subcritical operating state.
    The invention will be explained in more detail by means of exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. It show here the
    1 is a schematic representation of a burner body with outlet nozzle and a device according to the invention,
    2 seen from below the burner body with outlet nozzle of FIG.
    3 is a schematic representation of a time-dependent vibration signal,
    4a shows a first frequency spectrum, which was obtained from the vibration signal of FIG. 3,
    Fig. 4b shows a second frequency spectrum, which was obtained from the vibration signal of Fig. 3, and the
    Fig. 4c shows a third frequency spectrum, which was obtained from the vibration signal of Fig. 3.
    Reference is first made to FIG. 1, which shows a schematic representation of a burner body 1 of a cutting torch having a central axis A and an axially arranged outlet nozzle 2. As can be seen in particular in FIG. 2, the outlet nozzle 2 comprises an axially extending and centrally arranged cutting gas line 3, via which a cutting gas S is supplied to the workpiece 4 as a cutting working gas. The outlet nozzle 2 further comprises a plurality of fuel gas conduits 5, which are arranged concentrically around the cutting gas line 3, and via which a working gas neck-supporting working gas is fed to the workpiece 4. The heat given off by the heating gas H and the heat produced by the combustion of the work piece 4 permits continuous combustion by the cutting gas S and consequently cutting of the work piece 4, for instance a slab.
    The noise during machining of the workpiece 4 with a cutting torch is usually very large. In this case, part of the airborne sound is fed back into the outlet nozzle and the burner body 1. The vibrations of the burner body 1 caused thereby are also referred to below as structure-borne noise. According to the invention, the acoustic field inside and outside the torch body I is utilized in order to be able to make statements about the operating state and, as a consequence, to carry out optimizations of the operating state. For this purpose, a vibration sensor 6 is disposed in the vicinity of the burner body 1, preferably directly on the burner body 1 itself. The vibration sensor 6 measures vibrations that occur due to the operation of the outlet nozzle by body and / or airborne sound, as a time-dependent vibration signal V, as it is in the Fig. 3 is shown.
    The vibration signal V is provided to an evaluation unit 7, which assigns one of at least three predetermined operating state ranges to the measured vibration signal V to identify an actual operating state region of the outlet nozzle 2. For this purpose, the time-dependent vibration signal V is subjected to a Fourier transformation in order to obtain a frequency spectrum F of the
    Vibration signal V to gain, for example by means of discrete Fourier transform (DFT), which is about about a so-called fast Fourier transform (FFT) is performed. For the Fourier transformation, the time-dependent vibration signal V must be sampled at a sufficiently high sampling rate for a sufficiently long period of time. If an ordinary DFT receives a number of N data points of a sampled vibration signal V for evaluation, it also returns N data points, the "amplitudes" of the frequency spectrum F. In order to represent the amplitude-excess frequency, N frequency values are likewise required. The maximum detectable frequency in the DFT is half the sampling rate. The amplitudes of the vibrations contributing to the vibration signal V can be read in the frequency spectrum F in the form of signal peaks. The totality of the signal peaks occurring as minima and maxima can be limited by two envelopes Ei, E2 running parallel to the frequency axis, the spacing of the two envelopes Ei, E2 in the frequency domain defining a signal width S of the frequency spectrum F,. as will be explained below with reference to FIG. 4. For determining the signal width S, the frequency spectrum can also be subdivided into frequency ranges · *, f + i (i = 1... M) for which a signal width Sj is determined in each case. The resulting number of M signal widths Si forms a signal width distribution.
    In order to be able to use these signal widths Sj or the signal width distribution for an evaluation of the operating state, it is important to use a sufficient length of the vibration signal V used for the Fourier transformation as well as a sufficient sampling rate in the course of the Fourier transformation and to constantly increase both parameters in the course of practical application since the length and sampling rate define the frequency resolution of the resulting frequency spectrum F after Fourier transformation. The worse the frequency resolution, the more error-prone are the amplitudes ün frequency spectrum F and the more unreliable is the assignment to different operating states. The Applicant has found, however, that by choosing practicable signal lengths of the transformed vibration signal V below one second and practicable sampling rates, it is possible to map the amplitudes of the frequency spectrum F with sufficient accuracy to use them for reliable detection of at least three operating conditions. It has been found that another possible source of error can be excluded. The height of the signal peaks of a frequency spectrum F is also influenced by the choice of the time interval in which the data for the Fourier transformation are acquired. If a non-integer number of vibration periods is recorded by unskilful selection of this time interval, this widens the signal peaks in the frequency spectrum F and reduces their height. The Applicant has found, however, that this effect is negligible for the present application of the analysis of an acoustic field of a cutting torch for evaluating the operating states of the outlet nozzle 2.
    In order to be able to use the signal widths Sj in the frequency spectrum F for an evaluation of the B6triebszustandes the nozzle 2 is also to pay attention to make in the course of the Fourier transform always the same mathematical standardization for the Fourier transform, but which depends on the particular mathematical algorithm used. Thus, if the same algorithm is always used, which in practice will be the case when the evaluation unit 7 is configured by the manufacturer, then different signal widths Sj of different operating status ranges can be assigned reliably without further ado.
    The accuracy of the method according to the invention is sufficiently high in order to identify at least three different Betliebszustandsbereiche with high reliability, which already very practical applications are possible, as explained with reference to FIG. 4a-c. FIGS. 4a-c show examples of different frequency spectra F for a frequency range f;, fin that could be derived from different vibration signals V. FIG. 4a shows approximately a frequency spectrum F with comparatively low signal peaks. The maxima and minima of this frequency spectrum F can be narrowed down by means of two envelopes Ei, E2 parallel to the frequency axis, whereby the distance of a first envelope Ei to the frequency axis is determined by the highest maximum of the signal peaks, and the distance of a second envelope E2 to the frequency axis by the smallest Minimum. The normal distance of the two envelopes Ei, E2 to one another defines the signal width Sj in the relevant frequency range fj, fj + t.
    Subsequently, the signal width Sj determined in this way is compared with three predetermined operating state ranges, which were obtained on the basis of reference measurements. A first operating state range is defined approximately for signal width S 1, which are below a first threshold value S] and is subsequently referred to as a non-critical operating state range. If the determined signal width Si is below this first threshold value Sj, this first, uncritical operating state area is identified as the current actual operating state area (see FIG. 4a).
    A second operating state range is defined for signal widths S, which are above the first threshold value Ss, but below a second threshold value S2, and subsequently referred to as a subcritical operating state range. If the determined signal width S; above the first threshold value Si, but below the second threshold value S2), this second, subcritical operating state area is identified as the current actual operating state area (see FIG. 4b).
    A third operating state range is for signal widths S; defined, which are above the second threshold value S2 and subsequently referred to as a critical operating state range. If the determined signal width Si is above the second threshold value S2, this third, critical operating state area is identified as the current actual operating state area (see FIG. 4c).
    If several frequency ranges f, fi + i are analyzed and thus several signal widths S; are available in the form of a signal width distribution, an averaging of the signal widths Sf- be made, or an allocation of certain signal widths distributions to certain operating state ranges. For example, a sequence of increasing signal widths S; For example, as the frequency for one and the same vibration signal V increases, it may be characteristic of a particular event, such as clogging of the cutting gas line 3. A maximum signal width distribution for a particular frequency range fi, fi + 1 could again be characteristic of another event, such as when the cutting gas S blows out into the void and does not hit any workpiece 4, such as the gate on the slab edge. In the course of reference measurements, events whose detection is desired can be based on characteristic peculiarities of the signal widths S; or their signal widths are analyzed distributions and future frequency spectra F are examined for these peculiarities.
    Subsequently, a display or control unit 8 generates a display or control signal associated with the respective actual operating state area. If the at least three predefined operating state regions of the outlet nozzle 2 are an uncritical, a critical and at least one subcritical operating state region of the outlet nozzle 2, a visual display in the form of a green light display 9 can take place when an uncritical operating state region is identified as the actual operating state region. If a subcritical operating condition has been identified as the actual operating condition range, for example, an indicator signal may be generated in the form of a yellow indicator 10, and if a critical operating condition has been identified as the actual operating condition range, in the form of a red indicator light 11. If the critical operating condition range is wear or a blockage of the outlet nozzle 2 has been defined, an anticipatory failure of the outlet nozzle 2 or an unacceptable quality of cut can thus already be indicated in a preventive manner by means of the detection of a subcritical operating state area.
    Furthermore, by means of the identification of different operating state regions of the outlet nozzle 2, a simple regulation of the outlet nozzle 2 can also be made possible. For this purpose, an operating state region is defined as a desired operating state region and two other operating state regions as deviation regions for three predefined operating state regions of the outlet nozzle 2. With reference to FIG. 4, it is possible to define a first deviation range for signal widths Sj, which are below a first threshold value St according to FIG. 4a. If the determined signal width S, is below this first threshold value Sj, this first area of dependency is identified as the current actual operating state area and a control signal is generated, which converts the actual operating state area of the outlet nozzle 2 into the desired operating state area,
    In this case, the operating state range in which the signal width Sj is above the first threshold value Si, but below a second threshold value S2 (see FIG. 4b), is defined as the desired operating state range. If the determined signal width S; is above the first threshold value Si, but below the second threshold value S2, this desired operating state range is identified as the current actual operating state range and no control signal is generated.
    A second deviation range can be used for signal widths S; are defined, which lie above the second threshold S2 according to FIG. 4c. If the determined signal width S; is above the second threshold value S2, this second deviation range is identified as the current actual operating state range and in turn a control signal is generated, which converts the actual operating state range of the outlet nozzle 2 into the desired operating state range. The nominal operating state range can be, for example, an area of the cutting speed correlating with a specific cutting quality, which is represented as an "acoustic fingerprint" in the vibration signal V and becomes visible in the frequency spectrum F as the characteristic signal width Si or characteristic signal width distribution. If, for example, a preset cutting speed proves to be too high due to initially unknown workpiece changes, this is reflected by a change in the vibration signal V, which can be identified in the frequency spectrum F as a modified signal width Si. If the determined signal width S, falls within a specified as deviation range operating state range, a corresponding control signal is generated, which is transmitted from the display or control unit 8 to a controller 12 of the cutting torch to the actual operating state range of the outlet nozzle 2 back into the target The appropriate readjustment of controllable operating parameters such as feed rate, distance to the workpiece 4 or operating pressure and flow rate of the working gas can be made within the skill of the art.
    With the aid of the invention, it is thus possible to evaluate the operating state of the outlet nozzle 2 with respect to an optimal cutting result including difficult to control and hardly measurable factors such as workpiece changes or wear of the outlet nozzle 2, and subsequently by displaying or regulating the evaluated operating state, the cutting result of a cutting torch to optimize.
    权利要求:
    Claims (7)
    [1]
    claims:
    1. A method for displaying or regulating the operating state of the outlet nozzle (2) for cutting or cutting under-supporting working gas of a cutting torch, characterized in that by means of a vibration sensor (6) due to the operation of the outlet nozzle (2) by body and / or airborne vibrations occurring as Time-dependent vibration signal (V) are measured and a frequency spectrum (F) of the measured vibration signal (V) for at least one frequency range (4 4i, i "l> 2 .. .M) is determined, wherein by means of two envelope (Ei, E2) of the Signal peaks of the frequency spectrum (F) in the at least one frequency range (4 f + i) a signal width (Sj) or a plurality of frequency ranges (4 fi + i) a signal width distribution is determined, which for identifying an actual operating state range of the outlet nozzle (2) a is assigned by at least three predetermined operating state areas of the outlet nozzle (2), and subsequently the actual Operating status area assigned display or control signal is generated.
    [2]
    2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least three predetermined operating state regions of the outlet nozzle (2) are non-critical, critical and at least one subcritical operating state region of the outlet nozzle (2), and one of the at least three operating state regions is identified as the actual operating state area, the respective operating state area is visibly distinguishable from the other operating state areas.
    [3]
    3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least three predetermined operating state regions of the outlet nozzle (2) are a desired operating state region and at least two deviation regions of the exit nozzle (2), and one of the at least two deviation regions is identified a control signal is generated as the actual operating state region of the outlet nozzle (2), which converts the actual operating state region of the outlet nozzle (2) into the desired operating state region.
    [4]
    4. A device for indicating or regulating the operating state of the outlet nozzle (2) for cutting or cutting supporting working gas of a cutting torch, characterized in that a vibration sensor (6) for measuring the due to the operation of the outlet nozzle (2) by body and / or airborne sound Vibration is provided, and an evaluation unit (7), which assigns the measured vibration signal (V) for identifying an actual operating state range of the discharge nozzle (2) one of at least three predetermined operating state ranges, wherein a display or control unit (8) is provided, the a display or control signal associated with the actual operating state region of the outlet nozzle (2) for displaying or regulating the actual operating state region of the outlet nozzle (2) is generated.
    [5]
    5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the display or control unit (8) comprises at least one lighting means (9,10,11), which visibly brings the identified actual operating state range of the other operating state ranges for display.
    [6]
    6. Apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the display or control unit (8) comprises three lighting means (9,10,11), wherein two lighting means (9,11) are associated with a non-critical and a critical operating state range, and a further light source (10) is assigned to a subcritical operating state area.
    [7]
    7. cutting torch with a device according to one of claims 4 to 6.
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    引用文献:
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA50327/2015A|AT517235B1|2015-04-23|2015-04-23|Device for monitoring nozzles|ATA50327/2015A| AT517235B1|2015-04-23|2015-04-23|Device for monitoring nozzles|
    EP16728586.5A| EP3285952A1|2015-04-23|2016-04-21|Device for monitoring nozzles|
    PCT/AT2016/050105| WO2016168877A1|2015-04-23|2016-04-21|Device for monitoring nozzles|
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