• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Solar power plant (39) for converting solar energy into usable energy, comprising a concentrator (1) for concentrating solar radiation in an absorber (1 ') and windbreaking elements (40) for protecting the concentrator (1) against the effects of wind forces, wherein Wind protection elements (40) about pivot axes (41) pivotable photovoltaic modules are provided, and methods for protecting a concentrator (1) against wind forces.
    公开号:AT517230A4
    申请号:T50705/2015
    申请日:2015-08-05
    公开日:2016-12-15
    发明作者:
    申请人:Heliovis Ag；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to a solar power plant for the conversion of solar energy into usable energy, with a concentrator for the concentration of solar radiation in an absorber and with wind protection elements for protecting the concentrator against the effect of wind forces.
    Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for protecting a concentrator for concentrating solar radiation in an absorber against the effect of wind forces, wherein wind protection elements are arranged adjacent to the concentrator.
    From WO 2012/145774 a device for the concentration of solar radiation in an absorber has become known. The device comprises an inflatable concentrator pad which is formed by an elongate, substantially cylindrical sleeve of a plurality of foil elements. The cushion has at the top a transparent entrance window for the passage of solar radiation. Furthermore, a reflector film is provided, with which the cushion is divided into at least two separate pressure chambers. The reflector film has a mirror surface, with which the coupled-in solar radiation is concentrated in the direction of an absorber. To anchor the concentrator an anchoring framework is provided. The anchoring stand has a tracking system to track the cushion-shaped concentrator to the sun's path. The tracking system has a plurality of the concentrator pad enclosing Nachführungsringe, which are rotatably supported by means of rolling devices.
    The construction of solar power plants with such concentrators is useful especially in large areas with intense sunlight, in which, however, violent storms can occur. When reaching high wind speeds, the load limit of the concentrators could be reached. Accordingly, measures must be taken to protect the concentrators from the effects of high wind loads. In addition, sandstorms can cause abrasion in the concentrators, which affects the efficiency of the concentrators.
    Although the prior art has already
    Protection systems proposed, which, however, are relatively complex and expensive. In addition, the existing wind protection systems often could not sufficiently respond to changes in wind and weather conditions.
    Accordingly, the object of the present invention is to provide a solar power plant of the type mentioned, in which a structurally simple, stable and cost-effective means a windbreak is achieved with which can be reacted flexibly to the prevailing environmental conditions.
    This object is achieved by a device having the features of claim 1 and a method having the features of claim 11. Preferred embodiments are specified in the dependent claims.
    According to the invention are provided as wind protection elements about pivot axes pivotable photovoltaic modules. The invention is therefore based on the surprising finding that conventional photovoltaic modules are particularly well suited as wind protection elements for the concentrator. The wind protection elements are preferably mounted on the ground, at a distance from the concentrator. Depending on the environmental conditions, such as wind or time of day, the photovoltaic modules can be pivoted so that an effective wind protection for the concentrator is achieved. In the remaining time can be generated with the photovoltaic modules power, whereby the performance of the solar power plant is increased. Advantageously, the photovoltaic modules therefore fulfill two different tasks, namely the power generation in normal operation and the wind protection in exceptional wind and weather conditions. Due to the swivel-ability of the photovoltaic modules, it is possible to react precisely to wind currents. In the solar power plant according to the invention, therefore, the solar energy is utilized in different ways. The concentrators are based on a bundling of solar radiation in the absorber. As an absorber, in particular a mediendurch-flowed pipe or a photovoltaic element may be provided. Accordingly, the concentrator can be used on the one hand for concentrated photovoltaics (CPV = Concentrated Photovoltaics) and on the other hand for concentrated solar thermal energy (CSP = Concentrated Solar Power). By contrast, the photovoltaic modules convert solar radiation directly into electrical energy.
    In order to bring the wind protection elements in the vicinity of the concentrator in a wind protection position if necessary, preferably, each wind protection element on a photovoltaic panel, which is connected to a tracking device for pivoting the Photovoltaikpa neels about its pivot axis. Advantageously, therefore, the tracking device usually already present in photovoltaic modules can be used not only for tracking the photovoltaic panel to the sun's position, but also for transferring the photovoltaic module into a windshield position. In contrast to the normal operating position, the wind protection position is designed to protect the concentrator against the effects of wind forces.
    In order to protect the concentrator in particular wind or weather conditions, it is favorable if at least one sensor element for detecting an environmental parameter, in particular an aerosol sensor, a wind sensor or a light sensor, is provided, wherein a control unit connected to the control unit is arranged to to pivot the wind protection elements in response to a measurement signal of the sensor element about the pivot axes. With the aid of the sensor element, an environmental parameter can be detected, which is related to the prevailing in the immediate vicinity of the concentrator wind or weather conditions. The measured value of the environmental parameter is transferred as input value to a control unit. The control unit preferably has a memory in which a limit value for the environmental parameter is stored. The control unit can also be connected to an operating unit, to which in particular the limit value for the environmental parameter can be set. Upon reaching the limit value for the environmental parameters, the control unit can independently transmit an actuating signal to an actuator, which is connected to the wind protection elements. The control signal of the control unit is designed to pivot the wind protection elements via the actuator in a wind protection position. Advantageously, it is therefore possible to respond quickly and simply to a change in the wind and weather conditions at the location of the concentrator by transferring the photovoltaic modules from an operating position adapted to the current position of the sun into a wind protection position designed for the protection of the concentrator.
    The protection of the concentrator from the effects of wind and weather can be further improved if the control unit is set up to swivel the windbreak elements via the tracking devices into different angular positions relative to one another. Advantageously, the photovoltaic modules can be pivoted independently of each other, so that the photovoltaic panels can be arranged in a wind protection position in different angular positions.
    According to a preferred embodiment, the pivot axis of at least one windscreen element extends substantially in a horizontal plane, preferably substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the concentrator. In this way, the photovoltaic panel of the windbreaker can be arranged on the one hand in a horizontal position, which is designed to protect against turbulence of the air. On the other hand, the photovoltaic panel of the windbreaker can be brought into a vertical position, with which the wind is significantly slowed down before passing on the concentrator or passed over the concentrator.
    For this purpose, it is favorable if at least one photovoltaic module extends in the vertical position of the photovoltaic panel over at least one third of the height of the concentrator, preferably over more than half the height of the concentrator. Moreover, it is advantageous if at least one photovoltaic module extends over at least one third of the length of the concentrator, preferably over more than half the length of the concentrator, particularly preferably over substantially the entire length of the concentrator.
    According to a particularly preferred embodiment, at least two concentrators are provided, wherein at least one wind protection element is angeord net in a space between the two concentrators and / or at least one wind protection element in a remote from the gap between the two concentrators outer area. The photovoltaic module between the two concentrators can be designed in the wind protection position for protection against turbulence. In contrast, the photovoltaic module in the outside area in the wind protection position can be designed to guide the wind currents over the concentrators. In a preferred embodiment, at least two photovoltaic modules in the outer region can be arranged substantially parallel next to one another, in particular running in the longitudinal direction of the concentrators.
    Moreover, it is advantageous if at least one wind protection element is seen in the longitudinal direction of the concentrator before the rear of the concentrator. In this embodiment, therefore, at least one wind protection element adjacent to a narrow or. Provided front of the concentrator. It is particularly preferred if at least one wind protection element is provided on each of the two narrow or end sides of the concentrator. The wind protection elements on the narrow or end sides of the concentrator are adapted to protect the concentrator against wind currents which strike the narrow or end side of the concentrator at an acute angle.
    According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the pivot axis of the wind protection element is arranged in the space between the two concentrators above the pivot axis of the wind protection element in the outer region. This embodiment has been found to protect against turbulence as particularly favorable, since the wind protection element can be arranged in the space at a greater height and the formation of turbulence less space is offered is advantageous, however, when the wind protection element in particular in a horizontal position of the photovoltaic ikpaneels is arranged below an upper side of the concentrator. As a result, shading of the concentrator, in particular in the morning and evening hours, can be prevented.
    Preferably, the concentrator comprises an inflatable concentrator pad which comprises a cover sheet member having a translucent entrance window for coupling solar radiation and a reflector film dividing the concentrator pad into at least two cavities for concentrating the solar radiation in the
    Absorber has, a pivoting device with which the concentrator pad is pivotable in particular about its longitudinal axis, and a holding device attached to the pivoting device for holding the concentrator pad on.
    In this embodiment, it is expedient for the holding device to have an upper side member extending in the longitudinal direction of the concentrator pad, which is arranged on a substantially airtight upper passage opening of the concentrator pad, and / or a lower side member extending in the longitudinal direction of the concentrator pad , which is arranged on a substantially hermetically sealed lower passage opening of the concentrator pad comprises. For purposes of this disclosure, the terms "up," "down," "above," "below," etc., refer to the operating position of the concentrator where solar energy is converted to thermal energy. In the operating position, the entrance window of the cover film element faces the solar radiation.
    Accordingly, the elongated concentric cushion, which is preferably substantially cylindrical in cross-section, is fastened to the upper side member at the upper side and to the lower side member at the lower side. Preferably, the concentrator pad is attached to exactly two side rails. In extensive tests, it has been found to be particularly advantageous if the two bearing locations for the concentrator pad, i. the upper and the lower side members are arranged geometrically as far away as possible from the reflector or mirror foil. Therefore, the concentrator pad is fixed to the top and bottom thereof. Preferably, the upper side member and the lower side member are identically formed.
    According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the absorber is attached to the underside of the upper longitudinal member. As a result, the incident in the region of the upper longitudinal member solar radiation can not reach the reflector film with which the solar radiation is focused in the absorber. For this reason, it is favorable if the upper side member has a photovoltaic element on the upper side, which preferably has substantially the same width and the same length as the upper side member. Advantageously, the upper side of the upper longitudinal member can thus be used for power generation with the photovoltaic element.
    This embodiment of the concentrator can basically be used independently of the solar power plant with wind protection elements described above.
    Accordingly, the invention also relates to a concentrator for the concentration of solar radiation in an absorber comprising - an inflatable concentrator pad, which has a cover sheet member having a translucent entrance window for coupling solar radiation and the concentrator pad into at least two cavities dividing reflector film for concentrating the Having solar radiation in the absorber, - a pivoting device, with which the concentrator pad is pivotable in particular about its longitudinal axis, and - attached to the pivoting device holding means for holding the concentrator pad, characterized in that the holding device has an upper side member, which is arranged on a substantially airtight sealed upper through-opening of the concentrator pad, wherein the upper side member has a photovoltaic element at the top. Preferably, the photovoltaic element has substantially the same width and the same length as the upper side member.
    In the method for protecting the concentrator against the effects of wind forces, pivotable photovoltaic modules are used as windbreaking elements about pivot axes.
    In order to detect changes in the wind and weather conditions in the vicinity of the concentrator, it is favorable if an environmental parameter, in particular an aerosol content, a wind intensity or an illuminance, is measured, wherein the angular positions of the windbreak elements are set as a function of the at least one environmental parameter become. Depending on the design of the sensor element, on the one hand, different categories of storms, such as sandstorms, tornadoes, etc., can be detected, which may require various types of protective measures. In particular, the position of the wind protection elements can be adapted to the respective storm category. When using a light sensor, the illuminance at the location of the concentrator can be detected. As a result, for example, the morning or evening twilight can be detected in order to transfer the concentrator into the operating position or into the night position.
    In a high-wind position, a photovoltaic panel of a windbreak between two concentrators in a substantially horizontal position and / or arranged a longitudinal beam of the concentrator adjacent a pivot bearing between a pivot ring for pivoting the concentrator and a support frame for suspending the pivot ring. The strong wind position is designed to minimize the mechanical stress of the concentrator due to high wind forces. For this purpose, the photovoltaic panel between two concentrators can be brought into a horizontal position with which turbulences are reduced or prevented. In addition, at least one outdoor photovoltaic panel, i. be placed on a side exposed to the wind of the solar power plant, in a vertical position with which the wind currents are braked or passed over the concentrators away. In the strong wind position, at least two photovoltaic modules are preferably arranged substantially parallel to one another in the outer region of the solar power plant. In this embodiment, the outer photovoltaic module is preferably arranged at an acute angle to the vertical, whereas the at least one inner photovoltaic module is arranged substantially vertically in the outer region. As a result, wind currents can be kept even better from the concentrator.
    In the strong wind position, the concentrator can be arranged so that the loads caused by the strong wind are minimized. As described above, the concentrator preferably has at least one longitudinal carrier, in particular an upper and a lower longitudinal carrier, which extends along an upper or lower passage opening of the concentrator. In the high-wind position, the longitudinal member may be arranged adjacent to a pivot bearing device, with which the pivot ring is pivotally suspended on a support frame. As a result, the concentrator is stored particularly stable in order to withstand the wind forces occurring during storms. It is particularly preferred if the lower longitudinal member is arranged below a pivot bearing device between the pivot ring and the support frame. In this way, the cover film element is at least partially facing the ground.
    In sandstorms the primary aim is to minimize the abrasive effect of the sand carried by the wind. For this reason, it is favorable if, in a sandstorm position, the photovoltaic panel of the windscreen element is brought into a substantially vertical position between two concentrators and / or an upper side rail is arranged on a cover film element and a lower side rail is arranged on a bottom film element of the concentrator substantially in the same horizontal plane become. Preferably, the cover film elements of two concentrators in the sandstorm position facing each other or facing away from the outside. As a result, the cover film element can be protected particularly well against abrasion by grains of sand, so that the light transmission is ensured in continuous operation. Advantageously, the efficiency of the concentrator can be maintained even under adverse environmental conditions over long periods of operation.
    According to a preferred embodiment, a covering film element having a light-permeable entrance window is turned toward the ground in a night position of the concentrator.
    As a result, dust deposits and moisture deposits on the cover sheet element during the night hours can be largely avoided, so that the concentrator can provide the desired efficiency the next day.
    The invention will be explained below with reference to preferred embodiments, to which it should not be limited. In the drawing shows
    1 a shows a perspective view of a concentrator for concentrating solar radiation in an absorber (see FIG. 2), in which a plurality of pivot rings for pivoting a concentrator pad (see FIGS. 1 b, 1 c and 2) are suspended on a carrier frame are;
    Fig. Lb is another perspective view of the concentrator according to the invention according to FIG. La, wherein additionally the concentrator pad (without its end pieces) can be seen;
    Fig. Lc is a further perspective view of the concentrator of Figure lb, wherein the concentrator pad is visible in the operating state including the end pieces.
    FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the concentrator of FIG. 1 showing the concentrator pad assembled; FIG.
    3 shows a perspective detailed view of a section of the concentrator according to FIG. 1, 2, wherein the attachment of a concentric pad-carrying upper longitudinal member is visible on the pivot ring.
    FIGS. 4a and 4b each show a perspective view of a pivot bearing device for pivoting the pivoting device;
    5 is a diagrammatic detail view of a section of the concentrator according to FIGS. 1 to 3, wherein the attachment of the concentrator pad to the upper longitudinal member can be seen;
    Fig. 6 is a view of an alternative embodiment of the concentrator (without the end caps);
    7 shows a schematic view of a solar power plant according to the invention with several concentrators according to FIG. 6, wherein photovoltaic modules are present as wind protection elements;
    8 shows a functional diagram of the solar power plant according to FIG. 7, wherein environmental parameters are measured with sensor elements and are used as an input variable for a control unit with which the part-turn actuators of the photovoltaic modules and the concentrators are driven;
    9 shows a schematic view of the solar power plant according to FIGS. 7, 8 in a strong-wind position;
    FIG. 10 shows a schematic view of the solar power plant according to FIGS. 7, 8 in a sandstorm position;
    11 shows a schematic view of the solar power plant according to FIGS. 7, 8 in a night position;
    12 is a schematic view of the solar power plant of FIG. 7, 8 in a night and cleaning position, and
    Fig. 13 is a schematic plan view of a solar power plant according to the invention, wherein the concentrators are surrounded on all sides by wind protection elements and also wind protection elements are provided between the concentrators.
    1 shows a concentrator 1 for the concentration of solar radiation in an absorber 1 '(cf., Fig. 2), the concentrator 1 has an inflatable concentrator pad 2 (see Fig. Lb, lc and Fig. 2) , The concentrator pad 2 has a cover film element 3 '' with a translucent entrance window 3 for coupling in solar radiation and a concentrator pad 2 in at least two cavities 4, 5 dividing, curved in operation reflector sheet 6 for concentrating the solar radiation in an absorber 1 ' on. The reflector film 6 has a mirror surface 6 ', which bundles the coupled-in solar radiation in the direction of the absorber 1'. The absorber 1 ', which is also to be understood as a solar panel, is located in the focus area of the mirror surface 6' within the upper cavity 4 of the concentrator pad 2 adjoining the inlet window 3. The absorber 1 'can be in particular a media-flowed pipe or a photovoltaic element be provided. The concentrator can thus be used both for concentrated photovoltaics (CPV = Concentrated Photovoltaics) and for concentrated solar thermal energy (CSP = Thermal Concentrated Solar Power). In operation of the concentrator 1, a pressure difference is formed in the air-filled cavities 4, 5, whereby the reflector film 6 is curved uniformly concave, so that the coupled solar radiation from the mirror surface 6 'in the absorber 1' is focused. The concentrator pad 2 is in the filled with compressed air in the cavities 4, 5 to stand basically designed self-supporting, so that compared to conventional solar concentrators, a significantly lower weight can be realized. As known in the art, the concentrator pad 2 is constructed of individual thin-walled (plastic) films; for the entrance window 3, a transparent film is provided.
    As further seen in Fig. 1, a pivoting device 7 is provided for pivoting the concentrator pad 2. The pivoting device 7 has a plurality of pivoting elements in the form of pivoting rings 8, which enclose the concentrator pad 2 in the circumferential direction. The pivot rings 8 of the pivoting device 7 together form a tracking system to track the concentrator pad 2 in operation the sun. For this purpose, the pivoting device 7 is adapted to pivot the concentrator pad 2 about at least one axis of the concentrator pad 2, in this case in particular the longitudinal axis of the concentrator pad 2.
    As is further apparent from FIGS. 1, 2, an anchoring device 9 is also provided for the pivoting device 7, the anchoring device 9 in the embodiment shown having a suspension device 10 for suspending the pivoting rings 8 of the pivoting device 7. The suspension device 10 has a plurality of spaced in the longitudinal direction of the concentrator pad 2 support frame 11, which have attachment points for the pivot rings 8 of the pivoting device 7. The attachment points are arranged above a center of mass having plane 7 '(see Fig. 2) of the pivot rings 8. Each support frame 11 has a first frame element 12 on one longitudinal side of the concentrator pad 2 and a second frame element 13 on the other longitudinal side of the concentrator pad 2. In addition, the support frame 11 has a third frame element 14 above the pivoting device 7 with the concentrator pad 2. The first frame element 12 on one longitudinal side of the concentrator pad 2 is connected via the third frame element 14 to the second frame element 13 on the other longitudinal side of the concentrator pad 2. Accordingly, the support frame 11 extends arcuately from the one longitudinal side of the concentrator pad 2 via the concentrator
    Cushion 2 on the other longitudinal side of the concentrator pad second
    As can be seen from FIGS. 1, 2, the first frame element 12 and the second frame element 13 in the embodiment shown each consist of a first straight or linear frame part 12a, 13a and a second straight or linear frame part 12b, 13b. The first frame part 12a, 13a is arranged substantially vertically in the operating state, the lower end of the first frame part 12a, 13a being mounted in a base element 27. The second frame part 12b, 13b is angled inwardly towards the concentrator pad 2 from the upper end of the first frame part 12a, 13a.
    1, the suspension device 10 has a plurality of carrier frames 11, which in the embodiment shown are three, which are connected to one another via a plurality of clamping elements 15, 16 in the form of cable elements. The number of support frames 11 depends on the length of the concentrator pad 2. The support frames 11 each carry a pivot ring 8 which surrounds the concentrator pad 2.
    As shown in Fig. 2, 7 pivot bearing devices 18 in the form of roller bearings 19, 20 are provided between the suspension device 10 and the pivot rings 8 of the pivoting device. In the embodiment shown, a first roller bearing 19 is provided on the first frame element 12 of the suspension device 10 and a second roller bearing 20 on the second frame element 13 of the suspension device 10.
    As can be seen from FIG. 3, the swivel rings 8 each have a guide element 21 for the roller bearings 19, 20, wherein outer roller elements 22 roll on the upper side of the guide element 21 and inner roller elements 23 on the inner side of the guide element 21. The roller elements 22, 23 of the roller bearings 19, 20 are mounted on trolleys 24, which are fastened to the underside of the swivel ring 8. In the embodiment shown, the swivel rings 8 each have an I-shaped cross section, upper flanges 25 of the I-shaped swivel rings 8 being designed as guide elements 21 for the roller bearings 19, 20.
    As can be seen from FIG. 1b, a plurality of covering means 26 are provided on the suspension device 10, which are each transferable between a protective position at least partially covering the concentrator pad 2 and a stowage position which essentially completely exposes the concentrator pad 2.
    As can be seen from FIGS. 1, 3, the concentrator 1 also has a holding device 31 for the concentrator pad 2, which (in each case based on the operating position) has an upper side member 32 and a lower side member 33. The upper side member 32 carries the absorber 1 '(see Fig. 2), whereas the lower side member 33 contributes to the discharge of external loads. Both longitudinal members 32, 33 extend in the longitudinal direction of the concentrator pad 2 between a front end piece 2 'and a rear end piece 2' 'on the end faces of the concentrator pad 2 (see Fig. Lc).
    As can also be seen from the drawing, the upper side member 32 is suspended on the inside at the top of the pivot rings 8. The lower side member 33 is also inside, but mounted in the lower portion of the pivot rings 8. The upper side member 32 is connected to one of the solar radiation facing top of the concentrator pad 2. The lower longitudinal member 33 is connected to a side remote from the solar radiation underside of the concentrator pad 2. The side members 32, 33 are designed in the embodiment shown as truss. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the longitudinal members are arranged on a plane 7 "having the center of the swivel ring 8.
    As can be seen from FIG. 5, the upper longitudinal member 32 is arranged on an upper passage opening 34 of the concentrator pad 2, which is closed substantially airtight on all sides. For this purpose, the upper side rail 32 has two longitudinal belts 35 extending in the longitudinal direction of the concentrator pad 2 (i.e., in the direction of its longer extent), each of which is substantially airtight with longitudinal edges of the belt
    Concentrator pad 2 on both sides of the upper passage opening 34 of the cover sheet element 3 '' are connected. The upper side member 32 therefore has substantially the same width as the passage opening 34 of the concentrator pad 2, which extends in the longitudinal direction of the concentrator pad 2 over substantially its entire length. In order to prevent air leakage from the upper cavity 4 of the concentrator pad, a sealing film strip 36 is disposed between the longitudinal belts 35, with which the upper passage opening 34 of the concentrator pad 2 is closed. The sealing film strip 36 is made of a transparent plastic material, in particular of ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE).
    The lower longitudinal member 33 is arranged on a substantially hermetically sealed lower passage opening 34 'of the concentrator pad 2 (cf., FIG. 1b), wherein the lower passage opening 34' adjoins a bottom foil member 3 'of the concentrator 3' adjoining the lower cavity 5. Pillow 2 extends. The upper 34 and the lower passage openings 34 'have the same longitudinal extension as the upper side member 32 and the lower side member 33, respectively. The lower side member 33 is substantially identical to the upper side member 32 formed. In addition, the connection between the lower side member 33 and the bottom sheet member 3 'is designed according to the connection between the upper side member 33 and the cover sheet member 3' '. For air-tight connection of the upper longitudinal member 32 and the lower longitudinal member 33 to the concentrator pad 2 Kederelemente, airtight zippers or clamp closures can be provided.
    FIG. 6 shows an alternative embodiment of the concentrator 1, wherein in the following only the differences from the concentrator 1 of FIGS. 1 to 6 are discussed.
    As can be seen in FIG. 6, each support frame 11 in this embodiment has a first frame element 12 on one longitudinal side of the concentrator pad 2, a second frame element 13 on the other longitudinal side of the concentrator pad 2 and a third frame element 14 above the pivot device 7 on. Unlike the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 5 are the first
    Frame member 12 and the second frame member 13 integrally formed, wherein the support frame 11 is a total of square or rectangular. The swivel rings 8 are suspended by means of connecting elements 37 on the third frame part 14 of the support frame 11.
    As further shown in FIG. 6, the upper side rail 32 in the embodiment shown has a photovoltaic element 38 on the top side which has substantially the same width and length as the upper side rail 32. Accordingly, the top of the upper side member 32 can be used for power generation. The solar radiation facing upper side of the upper longitudinal member 32 is therefore particularly well suited for the arrangement of the photovoltaic element 38, since the upper longitudinal beam 32 attachable absorber 1 '(not shown) opposes the coupling of solar radiation in the direction of the reflector film 6 in this area.
    In Fig. 7, a solar power plant 39 for converting solar energy into usable energy, i. thermal or electrical energy shown. The solar power plant 39 has a plurality of concentrators 1, which are formed in the embodiment shown in FIG. Of course, however, it is also possible to use concentrators 1 in the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 5 (cf., FIGS. 9 to 12). For the sake of clarity, only two concentrators 1 are shown in FIG. 7, it being possible for a considerably larger number of concentrators 1 to be provided depending on the application (cf., FIG. 13).
    As can be seen from FIG. 7, wind protection elements 40 are provided to protect the concentrators 1 against wind and weather influences, which are formed in the embodiment shown by photovoltaic or solar modules. The wind protection elements 40 have plate-shaped photovoltaic panels 41, which are mounted pivotably about support and pivot axes 42. The Schwenkachsem 42 of the windbreaking elements 40 extend in a horizontal plane substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the elongated concentrator 1. The photovoltaic modules are each connected to a (only one of the photovoltaic modules schematically illustrated) tracking device 43, with which the photovoltaic modules can be tracked to the sun , The photovoltaic modules are well known in the art, so that more detailed explanations can do so. Preferably, the photovoltaic modules on solar cells, which are connected in series or in parallel. In one embodiment as rigid solar modules, the photovoltaic modules may comprise silicon-based solar cells mounted on an aluminum frame and covered by a glass plate.
    As further apparent from FIG. 7, at least one wind protection element 40 is arranged in a gap 44 between the two concentrators 1. In addition, wind protection elements 40 are arranged in the outer regions 45 facing away from the intermediate space 44, which direct wind currents, i. without foreclosure by other concentrators 1, are exposed. The wind protection elements 40 in the outer regions 45 are mounted on the substrate or floor 46 shown schematically in FIG. The wind protection element 40 in the intermediate space 44 is mounted on a base 40 ', so that the pivot axis 42 of the wind protection element 40 is arranged in the intermediate space 44 above the pivot axes 42 of the wind protection elements 40 in the outer regions 45.
    As can be seen schematically from FIG. 8, several types of sensor elements 47 are provided with which various environmental parameters are continuously measured. In the embodiment shown, a wind sensor 47a is provided, with which a momentary wind force is detected. Furthermore, an aerosol sensor 47b is provided with which an instantaneous aerosol content in the air is measured. Finally, a light sensor 47c is provided, with which the instantaneous illuminance is measured. Depending on the design, at least one of the mentioned sensor elements 47 is present. The measurement data of the sensor elements 47 are transferred as input signals 48a, 48b, 48c to a control unit 49. The control unit 49 is connected to a control unit 50, with which various settings can be made. For example, limit values for the environmental parameters can be defined in order to initiate suitable protective measures for the concentrators 1 when the limit values are reached. The control unit 49 is connected to a drive system 51 of the solar power plant 37, which comprises on the one hand the tracking devices 43 for the photovoltaic modules and on the other hand pivot drives 52 for pivoting the pivot rings 8 together with the concentrator pad 2 of the concentrators 1. The control unit 49 is configured to pivot the wind protection elements 40 independently of each other via the tracking devices 42 and the concentrators 1 via the pivot drives 52.
    As can be seen from FIGS. 9 to 12, the wind protection elements 40 and the concentrators 1 can be moved into different positions in order to take into account environmental influences apart from normal operation.
    According to FIG. 9, the concentrators 1 and the wind protection elements 40 are arranged in a strong-wind position. The strong wind position is used when the concentrators 1 are to be protected against high wind forces, which could reach the load limit of the concentrators 1. In the strong wind position, the photovoltaic panel 41 of the windscreen element 40 is arranged between the two concentrators 1 via the associated tracking device 43 in a substantially horizontal position. The photovoltaic panels 41 of the wind protection elements 40 in the outer regions 45 are pivoted into a vertical or inclined to the vertical at an acute angle position. As a result, wind flows 53 in the outer region 45 are decelerated before impinging on the concentrators 1 or passed away via the concentrators 1. In addition, the lower longitudinal member 33 of the concentrator 1 below one of the two pivot bearing devices 18 between the pivot ring 8 and the support frame 11 is arranged. The cover sheet elements 3 "of the concentrator pads 2 face each other. In the strong wind position, the holder of the concentrators 1 to the support frame 11 is particularly resilient, so that the concentrators 1 can withstand even high wind forces without damage.
    According to FIG. 10, the concentrators 1 and the wind protection elements 40 are arranged in a sandstorm position. The sandstorm position is designed to minimize the abrasion of the cover sheet elements 3 "during a sandstorm. In the sandstorm position, the photovoltaic panel 41 of the windbreaker 40 is brought into a substantially vertical position between the two concentrators 1. The photovoltaic panels 41 of the wind
    Protective elements 40 are arranged at an acute angle to the vertical. The upper side member 32 on the cover sheet member 3 "and the lower side member 33 on the bottom sheet member 3 'of each concentrator 1 are arranged substantially in the same horizontal plane. As a result, cover film elements 3 "of the concentrators 1 are arranged opposite one another so that the wind flows 53 primarily strike the bottom film elements 3 'of the concentrators 1. The essential for the efficiency of the concentrators 1 cover film elements 3 '' of the concentrators 1 are reliably protected from abrasion.
    According to FIG. 11, the concentrators 1 and the wind protection elements 40 are arranged in a night position, which can be approached in the night hours or during the day when the cloud level is high. In the night position, the wind protection elements 40 are arranged in a substantially vertical position. The concentrators 1 are pivoted so that the upper side member 32 at the bottom and the lower side member 33 are arranged at the top of the concentrators 1. As a result, the upper side member 32 and the lower side member 33 are arranged substantially in the same vertical plane. The cover film elements 3 "of the concentrators 1 face the substrate 46, so that advantageously little dust and moisture can attach to the cover film elements 3".
    According to FIG. 12, the wind protection elements 40 and the concentrators 1 are arranged in a night and cleaning position. In the night and cleaning position, the concentrators 1 can be cleaned in a particularly simple manner, at the same time dust and moisture approaches to the exposed cover sheet elements 3 '' to be reduced. In this position, the wind protection elements 40 are in a vertical position. The concentrators 1 are pivoted so that the upper side member 32 and the lower side member 33 are substantially in the same horizontal position. In contrast to the sandstorm position, the cover film element 3 "of the one concentrator 1 faces the bottom film element 3 'of the other concentrator 1.
    Fig. 13 shows schematically a solar power plant 39 in plan view. In this embodiment, wind protection elements 40 in the interim spaces 44 between two concentrators 1 are arranged. In the embodiment shown, a plurality of wind protection elements 40 are arranged in the longitudinal direction one behind the other in each intermediate space 44. Furthermore, wind protection elements 40 are arranged in the outer regions 45 facing away from the intermediate space 44, which extend on the long side next to the concentrators 1. In the embodiment shown, several wind protection elements 40 are also provided in front of and behind the concentrators 1, as seen in the longitudinal direction of the concentrators 1, which protect the concentrators 1 in particular from wind currents at an acute angle to their longitudinal axes. In the embodiment shown, all wind protection elements 40 have pivot axes 42 extending in the longitudinal direction of the concentrators 1.
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [1]
    claims:
    A solar power plant (39) for converting solar energy into usable energy, comprising a concentrator (1) for concentrating solar radiation in an absorber (1 ') and windbreaking elements (40) for protecting the concentrator (1) against the effects of wind forces, characterized in that as windbreak elements (40) about pivot axes (42) pivotable Photovoltaikmo-modules are provided.
    [2]
    2. Solar power plant (39) according to claim 1, characterized in that each wind protection element (40) has a photovoltaic panel (41) which is connected to a tracking device (43) for pivoting the photovoltaic panel (41) about its pivot axis (42).
    [3]
    3. Solar power plant (39) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one sensor element (47; 47a, 47b, 47c) for detecting an environmental parameter, in particular an aerosol sensor (47b), a wind sensor (47a) or a light sensor (47c ), wherein a control unit (49) connected to the sensor element (47; 47a, 47b, 47c) is arranged to wind the windbreak elements (40) in response to a measurement signal of the sensor element (47; 47a, 47b, 47c) Swivel pivot axes (42).
    [4]
    4. Solar power plant (39) according to claim 3, characterized in that the control unit (49) is adapted to pivot the wind protection elements (40) via the tracking devices (43) in different angular positions relative to each other.
    [5]
    5. Solar power plant (39) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the pivot axis (42) extends at least one windbreak element (40) substantially in a horizontal plane, preferably substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the concentrator (1) ,
    [6]
    6. Solar power plant (39) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that at least two concentrators (1) are provided, wherein at least one wind protection element (40) in an intermediate space (44) between the two concentrators (1) and / or at least one wind protection element (40) in an outer region (45) facing away from the intermediate space (44) between the two concentrators (1) and / or at least one wind protection element (40) in the longitudinal direction of the concentrator (1), before or after the concentrator (1) is arranged.
    [7]
    7. Solar power plant (39) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the pivot axis (42) of the wind protection element (40) in the intermediate space (44) between the two concentrators (1) above the pivot axis (42) of the wind protection element (40 ) is arranged in the outer region (45).
    [8]
    8. Solar power plant (39) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the concentrator (1) an inflatable concentrator pad (2), which has a cover film element (3 '') with a light-transmitting entrance window (3) for coupling Solar radiation and a concentrator pad (2) in at least two cavities (4, 5) dividing reflector film (6) for concentrating the solar radiation in the absorber (1 '), a pivoting device (7), with which the concentrator pad ( 2) is pivotable in particular about its longitudinal axis, and has a holding device (31) attached to the pivoting device (7) for holding the concentrator pad.
    [9]
    9. Solar power plant (39) according to claim 8, characterized in that the holding device (31) in the longitudinal direction of the concentrator pad (2) extended upper side rail (32), which at a substantially hermetically sealed upper passage opening (34) of the concentrator -Kissen (2) is arranged, and / or in the longitudinal direction of the concentrator pad (2) extending lower side rail (33) which is arranged on a substantially hermetically sealed lower passage opening (34 ') of the concentrator pad (2) , having.
    [10]
    10. Solar power plant (39) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the upper side member (32) at the top of a photovoltaic element (38), which is preferably substantially the same width and the same length as the upper side member (32). having.
    [11]
    11. A method for protecting a concentrator (1) for the concentration of solar radiation in an absorber (1 ') against the effect of wind forces, whereby windbreak elements (40) are arranged adjacent to the concentrator (1), characterized in that as wind protection elements (40) about pivot axes (42) pivotable photovoltaic modules are used.
    [12]
    12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that at least one environmental parameter, in particular an aerosol content, a wind force or an illuminance, is measured, wherein the angular positions of the windbreak elements (40) are set in dependence on the at least one environmental parameter.
    [13]
    13. The method according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that arranged in a strong wind position a Photovoltaikpaneel (41) of a windbreaking element (40) between two concentrators (1) in a substantially horizontal position and / or a longitudinal beam (32, 33) of the Concentrator (1) adjacent to a pivot bearing device (7) between a pivot ring (8) for pivoting the concentrator (1) and a support frame (11) for suspending the pivot ring (8) is arranged.
    [14]
    14. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that brought in a sandstorm position, the photovoltaic panel (41) of the windbreaker (40) between two concentrators (1) in a substantially vertical position and / or an upper side member (32) on a cover sheet member (3 '') and a lower side rail (33) on a bottom sheet member (3 ') of the concentrator (1) are arranged substantially in the same horizontal plane.
    [15]
    15. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that in a night position, a light-transmitting entrance window (3) exhibiting cover film element (3 '') of the concentrator (1) facing the substrate (46).
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    同族专利:
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    WO2017020058A1|2017-02-09|
    AT517230B1|2016-12-15|
    CN208382597U|2019-01-15|
    引用文献:
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    CH702230B1|2007-07-13|2011-05-31|Franz Prof Dr Baumgartner|Solar plant.|
    DE102009008548A1|2009-02-12|2010-09-30|Meyer, Hendrik, Dipl.-Chem.|A support device, control device and method for assisting in obtaining energy from sunlight|
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    AT511467B1|2011-04-29|2012-12-15|Heliovis Ag|APPARATUS FOR CONCENTRATING SUN RADIATION IN AN ABSORBER|
    US20160218663A1|2013-10-05|2016-07-28|Mark Francis Werner|Solar Photovoltaic Single Axis Tracker|CN111464131B|2019-01-18|2022-03-08|北京航空航天大学|Wind-resistant anti-freezing high-concentration photovoltaic-photo-thermal solar comprehensive utilization system|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
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    ATA50705/2015A|AT517230B1|2015-08-05|2015-08-05|Solar power plant to convert solar energy into usable energy|ATA50705/2015A| AT517230B1|2015-08-05|2015-08-05|Solar power plant to convert solar energy into usable energy|
    PCT/AT2016/060026| WO2017020058A1|2015-08-05|2016-08-05|Solar power plant for converting solar energy into useful energy|
    CN201690001050.4U| CN208382597U|2015-08-05|2016-08-05|For converting solar energy into the solar power station of workable energy|
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