• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a residual current circuit breaker 5 for a low-voltage circuit, comprising - a summation current transformer (SW), for determining the current sum of the circuit, an associated - mains voltage independent residual current circuit breaker unit (FI) and an associated - trip unit (AE) for interrupting the circuit, which cooperate such that when the current sum exceeds a first differential current value of the circuit is interrupted by the trip unit (AE). Between Summen15 current transformer (SW) and mains voltage-independent residual current circuit breaker (FI), a switching unit (UE) is arranged, which in turn is connected to a connected to the trip unit mains voltage-dependent residual current device (DFI). The line voltage-dependent residual current circuit breaker unit is designed such that it can cause a switching operation of the switching unit (UE), so that in the case of voltage applied to the power circuit of the summation current transformer (SW) by means of the switching unit with the mains voltage-dependent residual current device (DFI) is connected when a second Differential current value can interrupt the circuit through the trip unit (AE).
    公开号:AT517200A1
    申请号:T50378/2016
    申请日:2016-04-28
    公开日:2016-11-15
    发明作者:
    申请人:Siemens Ag；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    description
    Residual Current Device
    The invention relates to a residual current circuit breaker according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
    Residual current circuit breakers for electrical circuits, especially for low-voltage circuits or systems, are well known and are now found in almost every household. By low voltage is meant voltages up to 1000 volts AC or 1500 volts DC. Fault current protection switches are also referred to as Residual Current Devices, RCD for short, or Residual Current (Operated) Circuit Breaker, RCCB for short.
    Residual current circuit breakers detect the current sum in an electrical circuit, which is normally zero, and interrupt on exceeding a differential current value, i. a non-zero current sum exceeding a certain (differential) current value, the electrical circuit.
    All previous residual current circuit breaker have a summation current transformer, the primary winding is formed by the conductor of the circuit and the secondary winding outputs the sum of current, which is used directly or indirectly to interrupt the electrical circuit.
    If the summation current transformer is designed such that the secondary-side energy is sufficient for actuating a trip unit or an interrupt unit or a release, then such residual current circuit breaker is called mains voltage independent.
    Residual current circuit breakers are available in different types, which are designated by letters or letter combinations, such as AC, A, F, G, K, S. Each type must have a specific
    Detect type of fault currents. Currently, residual current operated circuit breakers 2-pole (L + N), 3-pole (LI, L2, L3) and 4-pole (LI, L2, L3, N) are known.
    Type AC detect only purely sinusoidal fault currents. In fault currents, which is superimposed on a direct current according to a rectification, there is no tripping due to the magnetic saturation in the core of the current transformer.
    Type A includes pulse current sensitive residual current protective devices. This type detects both purely sinusoidal alternating currents as well as pulsating DC residual currents. The additional sensitivity is achieved by special magnetic materials for the ring band cores used and resonance circuits to influence the frequency response. Pulse-current-sensitive residual current protective devices work independent of mains voltage.
    Type F are mixed frequency sensitive residual current protective devices. They detect all residual current types such as type A. In addition, they are suitable for detecting fault currents, which consist of a frequency mixture of frequencies up to 1 kHz. This also controls the possible residual current forms on the output side of single-phase frequency inverters (for example in washing machines, pumps). Smooth DC residual currents up to 10 mA do not influence the tripping characteristics inadmissibly. Type F RCCBs also have short-time tripping and increased surge current capability.
    Type K includes the characteristic of type A. To avoid unwanted early tripping e.g. in the presence of operational technical Ableitströmen no shutdown of the consumer is necessary or desired. When using electronic equipment, which often use a capacitor connected to the protective conductor (PE) for interference suppression, unwanted tripping of the RCCB can occur when switching on. To avoid this, type K is recommended. This type K has a short-time delay in its turn-off behavior. These short-time residual current protective devices of type K work independent of mains voltage.
    Type S: In order to achieve a selective shutdown in the series connection of residual current protective devices in the event of a fault, the devices must be staggered both in the rated differential current Idn and in the tripping time. These residual current protective devices are marked with the symbol 'S'.
    Special types (60Hz, 400Hz, 500V, Sigres, etc.)
    There are still special special types of mains voltage independent residual current protective devices known which have special properties.
    Examples: 1) 400Hz: These are approved for power frequencies from 50Hz to 400Hz. These are i.d.R. for special industrial applications such as e.g. Airports thought. 2) 60Hz: These are approved for power frequencies of 60Hz. These are for South America. 3) SIGRES: Intended for the use of residual current protective devices in harsh environments with increased harmful gas (environmental) stress, such as. Indoor swimming pools, agriculture and industry 4) 500V: Standard versions of residual current protective devices are designed with creepage distances and clearances for networks up to 240/415 V AC. For networks up to 500V suitable residual current protective devices are available.
    In general, mains voltage-independent residual current operated circuit breakers have a very simple mode of operation. These have a very limited functionality due to the mains voltage independence and the fact that there is no power supply for the power supply.
    Object of the present invention is to improve a residual current circuit breaker, in particular a mains voltage independent residual current circuit breaker.
    This object is achieved starting from the preamble by the characterizing features of claim 1.
    According to the invention, a switching unit is arranged between the summation current transformer and the line voltage-independent residual current circuit breaker unit, which is in turn connected to a mains voltage-dependent residual current circuit breaker unit connected to the trip unit. The mains voltage-dependent residual current circuit breaker unit is designed such that it can cause a switching operation of the switching unit, so that is connected in the case of voltage applied to the power circuit of the summation current transformer by means of the switching unit with the mains voltage-dependent fault current protection switch unit, which interrupt the circuit by the trip unit when a second differential current value is exceeded can. That By Umschaltein-unit can be switched between a mains voltage independent and a mains voltage-dependent residual current circuit breaker unit. This is done especially when a mains voltage is applied. That in the case of applied mains voltage on the circuit, the mains voltage-dependent residual current device is used.
    This has the particular advantage that in the case of mains voltage applied a (mains voltage-dependent) residual current circuit breaker unit can be used, which provides greater functionality, as compared to a relatively simple mains voltage independent residual current circuit breaker unit. In addition, in the case of the transition (no mains voltage to fully applied mains voltage) of the application of a mains voltage protection by the mains voltage independent fault current protective switch unit is given.
    Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.
    In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the mains voltage-independent residual current circuit breaker unit is a unit of the type AC, A, F, G, K, S or special types. This has the particular advantage that a simple standard unit is available as a mains voltage independent unit. The requirement of mains voltage independence is compulsory in many countries in installation regulations for reasons of safety. Thus, the invention can be used in many countries. For the invention, all known mains voltage-independent residual current circuit breaker can be used.
    In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the line voltage-dependent residual current circuit breaker unit is a universal current-sensitive unit type B, B + or DC detection, in particular for electric mobility. This has the particular advantage that a standard unit with a large range of functions is available.
    In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the mains voltage-dependent residual current circuit breaker unit has a power supply connected to the power circuit. This has the particular advantage that the power supply serves as an indicator for the concern of a mains voltage on the circuit and the voltage of the power supply directly to switch the switching unit, specifically for driving, for example, a relay can be used. The power supply can be cost-effective single-phase (L + N) or 3- / 4-pole implemented.
    In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the switching unit has a relay for switching. This has the particular advantage that a particularly simple way of switching is given. Alternatively, the relay may also be replaced by other switching elements, e.g. Solid state relays, semiconductor switches, etc. be executed.
    In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the switching unit and the mains voltage-dependent unit has a functionality for self-monitoring. Thus, the switching process via the relay of the switching unit, if necessary, only after concern of the mains voltage plus additionally successfully carried out internal self-monitoring, ie a self-monitoring routine (s) or self-check done. This can ensure that the switchover will only take place after checking the correct working or functioning of the mains voltage-dependent part.
    The described characteristics, features and advantages of this invention as well as the manner in which they are achieved will become clearer and more clearly understood in connection with the following description of the exemplary embodiments, which will be explained in more detail in connection with the drawings.
    The figure shows a block diagram of an arrangement according to the invention.
    The figure shows a block diagram of a residual current circuit breaker according to the invention with 4 lines or conductors LI, L2, L3, PE or N of an electrical circuit, for example a low-voltage circuit. The fault current circuit breaker has a summation current transformer SW, which is in operative relationship with the 4 lines LI, L2, L3, PE. According to the invention, the summation current transformer, specifically the secondary side, is connected to a switching unit UE, which can be designed, for example, as a relay. In this case, at least one connection of the secondary side of the summation current transformer with the switchable contact, for example, connected to the movable contact of a relay. In rest position or in the de-energized state of the summation current transformer via the normally closed contact with a mains voltage-independent fault current protective switch unit FI in contact. This is in turn connected to a trip unit AE, which can interrupt the electrical lines LI, L2, L3, PE, i. can interrupt the electrical circuit. If the current sum is un equal to zero, i. it flows a fault current or a differential current, this is detected by the summation current transformer SW and the mains voltage independent residual current circuit breaker unit FI can cause a break in the electrical circuit by means of the trip unit AE when a first differential current value is exceeded.
    According to the invention, a line voltage-dependent fault-current protection switch unit DFI is also provided, which has a power supply PS, which is connected to the lines LI, L2, L3, PE. Alternatively, the power supply can also be realized via the lines Lx, PE or LI, L2, L3. The mains voltage-dependent residual current circuit breaker unit DFI is connected via a first connection to the switching unit UE, in which case a changeover in the switching unit UE can be effected.
    The make contact of the switching unit UE, i. the contact, which is connected when the switching unit is activated or, in the case of a relay, when the relay is activated (a voltage is applied to the relay coil), is connected to the line voltage-dependent residual current device DFI via a second connection. That When the switching unit is activated, the summation current transformer SW is no longer connected to the mains voltage-independent fault current circuit breaker unit FI, but connected to the mains voltage-dependent residual current device DFI.
    The activation of the switching unit UE or of the relay can be effected by the power supply PS, in which by means of the first connection a voltage of the power supply PS of the switching unit UE / the coil of the relay is supplied. For example, the relay coil is connected by means of the first connection to the power supply PS. Alternatively, the relay coil with the mains voltage-dependent residual current circuit breaker unit DFI be connected, so that a switchover in addition to presence of the supply voltage even before switching a partial or full diagnosis can be done in a self-test or checkup. In addition to the additional security based on the
    Self-diagnosis, this dependence also takes place on the fact of the possible supply direction of the supply lines. That Even in the case of triggering, depending on the feeding direction, the line voltage-dependent residual current circuit breaker unit DFI and thus the power supply unit of the line voltage-dependent residual current circuit breaker unit DFI can still be supplied with voltage.
    If a mains voltage is applied to the lines LI, L2, L3, PE, i. on the electric circuit, the power supply PS is supplied with voltage, causes activation of the mains voltage-dependent residual current device DFI and switching the switching unit UE, whereby the signal of the summation current transformer SW passes to the mains voltage-dependent fault current protection switch unit DFI.
    Comprehensive or additional functions can be implemented with the line voltage-dependent residual current circuit breaker unit DFI than with a comparatively simple mains voltage-independent residual current circuit breaker unit FI. Thus, a basic protection is always given by the mains voltage-independent residual current circuit breaker unit FI, in the case of a mains voltage is applied, the mains voltage-dependent residual current device DFI is activated and can take on other functions.
    The primary object of the invention is to ensure the absolute protection of a mains voltage-independent residual current circuit breaker in terms of high availability, in particular high life, and at the same time the function even with partial or complete failure of the supply lines. In addition, the line voltage-dependent residual current device DFI offers through the electronics other functions, such as: - active detection of a wire break to the transducer or Umschal teinhe it, - active detection of a wire break to the holding magnet, - monitoring the status of the transducer and holding magnet, - monitoring the System for unauthorized DC fault currents, which a mains voltage independent unit FI can not detect and possibly disabled if the converter is running in a saturation behavior. - Extension of the monitoring range to fault currents in relation to frequency response, types of fault currents, etc., - Extension of the monitoring range with respect to derating, heating and temperature measurement, - Detection device failure such. Breakage of the primary conductors (strands), - Output of information to the operator by means of LED or display (Idn trend value, indication reason (error code), message internal error DFI, etc., - Increase the measuring accuracy and possibly the sensitivity due to active analog or digital signal processing of state-of-the-art technology.
    In the following, the invention will be explained again in other words.
    According to the invention, an extension of the line voltage-independent residual current circuit breaker FI by a mains voltage-dependent residual current circuit breaker unit DFI, i. an active part which in the active state (supply voltage ON) bypasses the mains voltage-independent part through a bypass (for example relay). The mains voltage-dependent fault current protection switch unit DFI thus replaces the line voltage-independent fault current protection switch unit FI in the case of applied mains voltage, possibly successful self-diagnosis, and offers the possibility of further functionality / security. If the mains voltage fails, the mains voltage-independent residual current protection remains ensured.
    The mains voltage-dependent residual current circuit breaker unit can increase the sensitivity of a residual current circuit breaker. The triggering unit AE can be actuated via an amplifier device so that the residual current circuit breaker can interrupt the circuit even at lower fault currents or differential currents, for example at a second differential current value, which may be smaller than the first differential current value.
    Mains-voltage-dependent fault current protective switch unit DFI can be designed such that the function of detecting and evaluating the fault current does not depend on the mains voltage, but the interruption of the circuit takes place with the aid of the mains voltage.
    The active combination of FI and DFI results in a maximum utilization of the advantages of both systems, with known disadvantages of the FI being compensated or far exceeded by the DFI.
    Examples:
    - Manual pressing of the test button for function control => Increased safety through active self-diagnostics of the DFI - Loss of function with DC currents => Detection by DFI, output of a warning or tripping - Loss of function in case of wire break or cold solder joint => Detection by DFI, output of one Warning and / or tripping - Defective contact system => Active monitoring of the contact system possible with regard to bonded or welded contacts.
    The disadvantages of mains voltage-independent residual current circuit breakers are i.a. in that, if the test button is not pressed regularly, the contacts of the release unit stick (sometimes also cold-weld) after certain times (years) and thus jeopardize their function. The mains voltage-dependent residual current circuit breaker unit can circumvent this problem.
    Although the invention has been further illustrated and described in detail by the exemplary embodiment, the invention is not limited by the disclosed examples, and other variations can be derived therefrom by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention.
    权利要求:
    Claims (5)
    [1]
    claims
    A residual current circuit breaker for a low voltage circuit, comprising - a summation current transformer (SW), for determining the current total of the circuit, an associated - mains voltage independent residual current device (FI) and an associated - trip unit (AE) for interrupting the circuit, which cooperate in such a way in that, when the current sum exceeds a first differential current value, the circuit is interrupted by the tripping unit (AE), characterized in that a switching unit (UE) is arranged between the summation current transformer and the mains voltage-independent residual current circuit breaker unit (FI), which in turn is connected to the tripping unit (AE). connected mains-voltage-dependent residual current device (DFI) is connected, and that the mains voltage-dependent residual current device (DFI) is designed such that it can cause a switching operation of the switching unit (UE), so that in the case of Circuit adjacent mains voltage of the summation current transformer (SW) is connected by means of the switching unit with the mains voltage-dependent residual current device (DFI), which can interrupt the circuit through the trip unit (AE) when a second differential current value is exceeded.
    [2]
    2. Residual current circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that the mains voltage independent residual current circuit breaker unit (FI) is a unit of the type AC, A, F, G, K, S or special type.
    [3]
    3. Residual current circuit breaker according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the mains voltage-dependent residual current device (DFI) is a unit type B, B + or DC detection.
    [4]
    4. Residual current circuit breaker according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the mains voltage-dependent residual current circuit breaker unit (DFI) has a power supply connected to the power supply (PS).
    [5]
    5. Residual current circuit breaker according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the switching unit (UE) has a relay for switching.
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    同族专利:
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    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    AT383906B|1985-04-16|1987-09-10|Cti Ges Zur Pruefung Elektrote|Fault current protection switch for fault change and fault current|
    DE50312885D1|2003-05-15|2010-08-26|Siemens Ag|All-current sensitive residual current device|
    AT500884B8|2004-12-10|2007-02-15|Gemeinnuetzige Privatstiftung|MAIN SWITCHGEAR DEVICE FOR BACK-UP PROTECTION AGAINST ELECTRIC SHOCK IN PROTECTED CONSUMER FACILITIES WITH POWER SUPPLY-RELATED FAULT CURRENT SOLUTION AND HIGH SELF-ACTIVITY BEHAVIOR|
    DE102013105310A1|2013-05-23|2014-11-27|Eaton Industries Gmbh|Residual Current Device|DE102019212661A1|2019-08-23|2021-02-25|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft|Electronic circuit breaker and method|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102015208040|2015-04-30|
    DE102015224890.9A|DE102015224890A1|2015-04-30|2015-12-10|Residual Current Device|
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