• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Arrangement comprising a cylinder head (5) and a fuel injector (1) for an internal combustion engine having at least one combustion chamber, wherein the fuel injector (1) is at least partially surrounded by a heat shield (2) on the end facing a combustion chamber (4) of the internal combustion engine, in the region of the heat shield (2) a heat removal device (3) is provided, through which heat from the combustion chamber (4) of the internal combustion engine can be discharged.
    公开号:AT517054A1
    申请号:T225/2015
    申请日:2015-04-14
    公开日:2016-10-15
    发明作者:Jassin Marcel Fritz；Dino Imhof；Raphael Jacob；Georg Tinschmann
    申请人:Ge Jenbacher Gmbh & Co Og；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to an arrangement of a cylinder head and a fuel injector for an internal combustion engine having the features of the preamble of claim 1.
    Fuel injectors are used in internal combustion engines to supply fuel to the combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine. For this purpose, a variety of designs for the realization of the metering of fuel are known. Fuel injectors are used both in Otto engines, so spark-ignited internal combustion engines and in internal combustion engines with auto-ignition, that is, in diesel engines or dual-fuel engines. The fuel injectors are often arranged in a bore of the cylinder head. It is also possible to provide the fuel injectors in Injektorhülsen, which in turn are used in the cylinder head of the internal combustion engine.
    The nozzle opening of a fuel injector is exposed to the high temperatures prevailing in the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. The high temperatures at the nozzle opening of the fuel injector on the one hand load the material of the fuel injector and can lead to its deformation, on the other hand it can lead to the coking of fuel, which in turn impairs the function of the fuel injector.
    Therefore, there are proposals to cool the injector and in particular the fuel injector tip facing the combustion chamber.
    From DE 102 34 324 A1, a fuel injector is known, wherein an outer peripheral surface of the nozzle shaft tapers and the actual nozzle may be formed surrounding to prevent entry of combustion gases between the nozzle body and Injektorhülse, thereby heat transfer of combustion gases to the nozzle opening (Injector tip) to reduce. A cooling effect of the nozzle opening is thus achieved according to this document in that a conical jacket element surrounds the nozzle body and seals so that no hot combustion gases can penetrate between nozzle sleeve and nozzle opening. To improve the heat dissipation of the nozzle jacket may be formed cooled.
    The generic DE 3 529 769 A1 shows a heat shield plate for mounting between the cylinder head of an internal combustion engine and the nozzle holder of an injection nozzle, consisting of a between the cylinder head and the nozzle holder axially clamped outer, annular portion and an annular portion connected to the inner annular flange, with its free inner end in the region of the injector openings on the nozzle holder abuts approximately sealing. The heat shield (heat shield) serves on the one hand to protect the injector from heat and on the other hand as a seal between injector holder and the cylinder head.
    A disadvantage of the known from the prior art solutions that the fuel injector is largely unprotected, especially in the region of its tip against a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, resulting in a large heat input into the fuel injector.
    Object of the present invention is to provide an arrangement with reduced heat input to the fuel injector.
    This object is achieved by an arrangement of a cylinder head and a fuel injector with the features of claim 1. Preferred developments are specified in the dependent claims.
    By providing a heat removal device in the region of the heat shield, which removes heat from a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, the heat input to the fuel injector is effectively reduced. In addition, especially in dual-fuel applications prevents the heat shield itself is the source of Glühzündungen.
    It can be provided that the heat removal device comprises a heat sink. Here it is thus provided that heat is removed from the combustion chamber by means of a heat sink into the cylinder head, which would enter into the fuel injector (heat) without this measure. In the context of the present invention, heat sink means a passive heat dissipation device, i. the heat dissipation takes place by heat conduction. These are the participants
    Components, such as the heat shield, preferably made of materials with high thermal conductivity.
    It can preferably be provided that the heat removal device comprises a cooling device through which a cooling medium can flow or can be flowed through. According to this embodiment, therefore, there is active cooling via a cooling medium. It is preferably provided that the cooling device comprises cooling channels. By means of cooling channels, the cooling medium can be targeted to the places of heat input.
    It can be provided that the cooling device can be connected via at least one opening with at least one combustion chamber. This describes the case in which the cooling device is in fluid communication with the combustion chamber. Thus, it has here the cooling device, preferably via appropriately designed cooling channels, at least one opening to the combustion chamber, through which cooling medium in the combustion chamber can be introduced. As a non-limiting example, for example, compressed air can be introduced into the combustion chamber. To ensure a controlled function, a metering device, for example a valve or a diaphragm device, can be provided for introducing cooling medium into the combustion chamber.
    It can be provided that the cooling device can be connected to a fuel source. This opens up the possibility, in the presence of at least one opening of the cooling device to the combustion chamber, to supply fuel via the cooling device to the combustion chamber.
    It can be provided that the cooling medium is a propellant gas or charge air. According to this embodiment, propellant gas or charge air is used to flow through the cooling device or to flow around in order to dissipate heat from the heat shield in this way. This can be done for example by a portion of the propellant gas or the charge air of the internal combustion engine is passed through cooling channels through the cooling device.
    When using propellant gas as the cooling medium, in addition to the cooling, it is possible to introduce fuel into the combustion chamber via this path. In this case, a connection of the cooling channels is provided with the combustion chamber.
    Thus, the cooling device can also be used as a further fuel supply device.
    It can be provided that the cooling device is designed as a liquid cooling. The liquid cooling can be formed approximately in the form of cooling channels, which are separate from the cooling system of the cylinder head or connected to the cooling system of the cylinder head. The cooling medium may be a separate to the cooling system of the cylinder head medium or be the same medium. As the cooling medium of the liquid cooling typically water, water-glycol mixture or oil is used.
    In a variant, a flow connection of the cooling device can be provided in such a way that cooling medium can be introduced into the combustion chamber. If, for example, water is used, the introduction of water into the combustion chamber can also reduce the NOx emissions in addition to cooling the heat shield, since the temperatures in the combustion chamber can be reduced by removing the heat of vaporization of the water.
    It can be provided that the cooling device is designed as a heat pipe. If the cooling device is designed as a heat pipe, then the heat dissipation can be effectively carried out without fluid connection to the cooling circuit of the cylinder head. The operating principle of a heat pipe itself is known from the prior art. For application to the heat removal device of the present invention, for example, a cooling channel may be formed so that at the end facing the heat shield, a cooling medium evaporates and thus absorbs heat from the heat shield. At the other end of the cooling pipe acting as a heat pipe, the cooling medium condenses again and releases heat, for example, to the cylinder head.
    The heat shield is preferably designed so that the spray angle of the fuel injector is not restricted.
    A particular advantage of the invention is that it is achieved by heat removal from the heat shield that form on the heat shield no local overheating, which can lead to misfires.
    The invention is particularly suitable for use on dual-fuel internal combustion engines. Since only very small amounts of fuel are injected via the fuel injector in dual-fuel internal combustion engines in the pilot or Zündstrahl operating condition, there is only a small cooling effect of the fuel injector by the fuel.
    The measures included in the invention for reducing the heat input to the fuel injector can be classified as follows. The measures can be combined arbitrarily. Heat dissipation by means of: • heat conduction (material with good thermal conductivity) • (forced) convection • Heatpipes Heat dissipation to (examples of heat sinks): • in colder regions of the cylinder head, • to the cooling circuit of the cylinder head, • oil circulation of the cylinder head, • to a separate cooling circuit or • to an operating medium which then enters the combustion chamber: - fuel gas - water for water injection - compressed air as part of the combustion air
    Integration of the heat shield in: • Cylinder head (possibly with insert) or • Injector sleeve
    Execution of the fits between fuel injector and injector sleeve or cylinder head and, if present, between injector sleeve and cylinder head: • Optional gap to prevent the heat transfer between the components • The end of the column facing the combustion chamber can be purposefully sealed by constructive measures to prevent the cyclic entry of hot fuel gas and the resulting heat input into the
    Reduce fuel injector.
    The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to FIGS.
    1 arrangement of a cylinder head and a fuel injector according to a first embodiment,
    2a, 2b arrangement according to a further embodiment in two variants, Fig. 3 arrangement according to a second embodiment,
    4 arrangement according to a further embodiment,
    Fig. 5 arrangement according to a further embodiment.
    Fig. 6 arrangement according to a further embodiment.
    Fig. 7 arrangement according to a further embodiment.
    Figures 1 to 4 show variants of a heat shield without active cooling device, i. Here, the heat dissipation takes place by heat conduction into the cylinder head. Variations include the formation of an air gap between the injector sleeve and the fuel injector.
    In the variants according to FIGS. 5 and 6 active cooling is shown.
    In the variant according to FIG. 7, a connection of the cooling device to the combustion chamber is shown.
    Figure 1 shows an arrangement of a cylinder head 5 and a fuel injector 1 in a first embodiment in a schematic representation in cross section. The fuel injector 1 is only indicated by its contours. For reasons of clarity, an illustration of the injector components located in the fuel injector 1, such as a nozzle needle, has been dispensed with. The fuel injector 1 is arranged in an injector sleeve 7 in this embodiment. The injector sleeve 7 is mounted in the cylinder head 5 and sealed by means of sealing means 8 with respect to the cylinder head 5. The fuel injector 1 in turn is sealed with respect to the injector sleeve 7 with sealing means 6. The heat shield 2 is formed in this embodiment as a pointing to the injector tip 9, tapered collar. Shown here as a sectional view, the heat shield 2 surrounds the injector tip 9 preferably along the entire circumference. In plan view, the heat shield 9 would thus form a circular ring. The heat shield 2 surrounds the injector tip 9 in such a way that only the injector tip 9 is exposed to the combustion chamber 4. As a heat dissipation device 3 acts in this case, the injector 7, which may be made for example of a good heat conducting material. The injector sleeve 7 is partially surrounded in this embodiment by the cooling circuit of the cylinder head 5. Thus, the heat dissipation from the heat shield 2 is reinforced via the formed in the form of the injector 7 heat dissipation device 3.
    Particularly favorable for the heat dissipation from the heat shield 2 has been found that, as in the present embodiment, the heat shield 2 and the injector 7 form an integral component.
    Figures 2a and 2b show an arrangement according to another embodiment in two variants.
    The fuel injector 1 is arranged in an injector sleeve 7 in this embodiment. The injector sleeve 7 is mounted in the cylinder head 5 and sealed by means of sealing means 8 relative to the cylinder head 5. The fuel injector 1 in turn is sealed with respect to the injector sleeve 7 with sealing means 6.
    In this embodiment, an air gap 12 is provided between the fuel injector 1 and the injector 7, which extends with respect to the longitudinal axis of the fuel injector 1 from the sealant 6 to the injector tip 9. The air gap 12 acts as an insulation and minimizes the heat input from the injector 7 to the fuel injector 1. The heat removal device 3 is therefore also in the form of Injektorhülse 7. The heat dissipation from the heat shield 2 takes place here via heat conduction in the injector 7, wherein the Heat is given analogously to the variant of Figure 1 to the cooling circuit 10 of the cylinder head 5.
    In the variant according to FIG. 2 a, the air gap 12 is open relative to the combustion chamber 4.
    In the variant according to FIG. 2 b, the fuel injector 1 rests on the heat shield 2 in the region of the injector tip 9. As a result, the air gap 12 is closed relative to the combustion chamber 4. This has the effect that on the one hand no hot gases from the combustion chamber 4 can penetrate into the air gap 12. In addition, the thermal contact between the heat shield 2 and the fuel injector 1 has a favorable effect on the temperature distribution of the components involved.
    FIG. 3 shows an arrangement according to a further exemplary embodiment.
    The heat shield 2 is again formed as part of the injector 7.
    As heat removal device 3 serves as in the embodiments according to Figures 1, 2a and 2b, the injector 7th It is made of a good heat conducting material. Examples include copper alloys. Again, an air gap 12 may be provided.
    Emphasizing on the embodiment shown here is a constructive detail of fuel injector 1 and heat shield 2:
    Fuel injectors have a conical section in front of the injector tip in which the fuel injector tapers towards the injector tip. This conical section has an opening angle α.
    The inclination of the heat shield 2 is chosen so that it follows the contour of the fuel injector 1 in the region of the injector tip 9.
    In the illustrated embodiment, the opening angle α of the conical section is selected to be particularly acute, that is, the amount of the opening angle α is smaller than usual.
    As a result, a greater wall thickness of the heat shield 2 is achieved. This enlarged cross-section is advantageous for heat dissipation and more robust against wear.
    Opening angles α of less than 130 ° have proven particularly advantageous.
    This constructive feature is also applicable to other embodiments of the invention.
    FIG. 4 shows a further exemplary embodiment. The fuel injector 1 is arranged here without an injector directly in the cylinder head 5 and sealed by sealing means 6 with respect to this. The heat shield 2 is in this case, as in the previous embodiments, a nozzle tip enclosing collar, the collar is formed in this case by the cylinder head 5 itself. In this embodiment, the fuel! Njektor 1 is spaced from the cylinder head 5, that is, between the fuel injector 1 and the cylinder head 5 is an air gap 12. In a variant, the embodiment without an air gap 12th will be realized.
    FIG. 5 shows a further exemplary embodiment. The heat shield 2 is also designed here as a collar surrounding the injector tip 9 of the injector sleeve 7.
    The heat dissipation device 3 is formed in this embodiment as a cooling device 11 with cooling channels 14, which communicate with the cooling circuit 10 of the cylinder head 5. The cooling channels 14 can be flowed through by a cooling medium 13. The cooling channel 14 preferably extends in the region of the heat shield 2 as a circumferential annular channel in order to ensure uniform cooling of the heat shield 2.
    The flow of a cooling medium 13 is symbolized by black arrows. Of course, the flow direction can also be reversed than shown. The injector sleeve 7 is sealed relative to the cylinder head 5 by means of sealing means 8. The fuel injector 1 is sealed with respect to the injector sleeve 7 via sealing means 6. In this embodiment, the fuel injector 1 is spaced from the injector sleeve 7, that is, between the fuel injector 1 and the injector 7 is an air gap 12. For the embodiments with an air gap 12 between the fuel injector 1 and injector 7 and between fuel injector 1 and cylinder head 5 applies in that, in order to support the cooling effect, a medium can be conducted through the air gap 12 in the direction of the combustion chamber 4. Suitable media are liquids or gas.
    If, for example, water is used, the introduction of water in addition to the cooling of the heat shield 2 also reduces the NOx emissions, since the temperatures in the combustion chamber 4 can be reduced by removing the heat of vaporization of the water.
    When using propellant gas as a medium, the additional benefit arises that fuel is introduced into the combustion chamber 4 via this path.
    Also conceivable is the use of compressed air as a medium. Conveniently, the introduction of the medium takes place via the air gap 12 during the charge exchange so that as little work as possible must be applied against the pressure prevailing in the combustion chamber 4.
    Figure 6 shows an embodiment, according to which the cooling device 11 is designed as a heat pipe 15. A heat pipe is a cooling system in which a cooling medium circulates with a phase transition adapted to the expected operating temperatures. At the hot end (in this case, the heat shield 2 facing portion) evaporates the cooling medium. At the cool end (in this case, the section facing the cooling circuit 10 of the cylinder head), the heat is released again with condensation of the cooling medium.
    Figure 7 shows an embodiment in which the cooling channels 14 of the cooling device 11 via a valve 16 to the combustion chamber 4 are connectable. As a result, the possibility is created to introduce cooling medium 13 into the combustion chamber 4.
    List of reference signs used: 1 fuel injector 2 heat shield 3 heat dissipation device 4 combustion chamber 5 cylinder head 6 sealant 7 injector sleeve 8 seal against cylinder head 5 9 injector tip 10 cooling circuit of the cylinder head 11 cooling device 12 air gap 13 cooling medium 14 cooling channels 15 heat pipe 16 valve α opening angle
    Innsbruck, April 13, 2015
    权利要求:
    Claims (9)
    [1]
    claims
    1. Arrangement of a cylinder head (5) and a fuel injector (1) for an internal combustion engine having at least one combustion chamber, wherein the fuel injector (1) at the combustion chamber (4) of the internal combustion engine end facing at least partially surrounded by a heat shield (2) , characterized in that in the region of the heat shield (2) a heat removal device (3) is provided, through which heat from the combustion chamber (4) of the internal combustion engine can be discharged.
    [2]
    2. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat removal device (3) comprises a heat sink.
    [3]
    3. Arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the heat removal device (3) comprises one of a cooling medium (13) can be flowed through or umströmbare cooling device (11).
    [4]
    4. Arrangement according to claim 3, characterized in that the cooling device (11) comprises cooling channels (14).
    [5]
    5. Arrangement according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the cooling device (11) via at least one opening with at least one combustion chamber (4) is connectable.
    [6]
    6. Arrangement according to at least one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the cooling device (11) is connectable to a fuel source.
    [7]
    7. Arrangement according to at least one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the cooling medium (13) is a propellant gas, air or charge air.
    [8]
    8. Arrangement according to at least one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the cooling medium (13) is water.
    [9]
    9. Arrangement according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the cooling device (11) is designed as a heat pipe (15). Innsbruck, April 13, 2015
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA225/2015A|AT517054B1|2015-04-14|2015-04-14|Arrangement of a cylinder head and a fuel injector|ATA225/2015A| AT517054B1|2015-04-14|2015-04-14|Arrangement of a cylinder head and a fuel injector|
    EP16770672.0A| EP3283754A2|2015-04-14|2016-04-08|Assembly consisting of a cylinder head and a fuel injector|
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    CN201680021757.6A| CN107567540B|2015-04-14|2016-04-08|Assembly of a cylinder head and a fuel injector|
    US15/564,433| US10400724B2|2015-04-14|2016-04-08|Assembly consisting of a cylinder head and a fuel injector|
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