• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A spark plug (1) for internal combustion engines has a Mitteltüektrode (6) and a ground electrode (7), a Vorkammerraum (14) in front of a separating element and a storage space (11) hiritedem the separator. The separating element is preferably designed as an electrode holding plate (8) and has connecting openings (9) which connect the pre-chamber space (14) and the storage space (11).
    公开号:AT516835A4
    申请号:T141/2015
    申请日:2015-03-13
    公开日:2016-09-15
    发明作者:Josef Schnöll；Rüdiger Herdin；Andreas Herdin；Elias Russegger
    申请人:Er-System Mechatronik Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to a spark plug for internal combustion engines according to the preamble to claim 1. Spark plugs for internal combustion engines, in particular for gas engines, are exposed to high thermal loads and are intended to ignite a combustion gas mixture in the engine over a long service life at the desired time. Due to steadily decreasing emission limits by the legislator, spark plugs have to guarantee an ignition in the combustion chamber with increasingly lean combustion gas mixtures. However, lean combustion gas mixtures are not particularly willing to ignite and present developers of combustion gas engines and spark plug producers with particular challenges. Spark plugs for use with lean combustion gas mixtures are known, for example, from AT 511 609 Bl. In this case, electrodes made of special materials such as conductive ceramics or precious metals are used. These materials should keep the resistance values between the electrodes at high thermal loads as low as possible and guarantee an optimal ignition spark.
    Due to high turbulence in the combustion chamber of the spark generating area is arranged around the spark plug, especially in lean combustion gas mixtures in a pre-chamber or a pre-chamber space. This separate Vorverbrennungsraum ensures that the strong turbulence in the cylinder are reduced at the spark plug and a possible blowing out of the spark between the electrodes is possible prevented and the combustion gas mixture is ignited at the desired time. In the antechamber, however, remain after ignition residual gases, which significantly affect the ignition in the subsequent cycle.
    Object of the present invention is to provide a spark plug, which is optimal especially for lean combustion gas mixtures
    V ignition guaranteed.
    This object is achieved with a 'spark plug, which has the features of claim 1.
    According to the invention, in the region of the electrodes, a flat, preferably flat, separating element is arranged, which has connecting openings. These connection openings allow a gas exchange between the storage space behind the separating element and the pre-chamber space in front of the separating element. As a result, existing exhaust gas, which is still in the prechamber space, is forced out of the prechamber space through the connection openings into the storage space during the compression stroke. This has the consequence that fresh and pure combustion gas mixture is in Vorkammerraum or around the electrodes of the spark plug, which can be easily ignited, as if there are still residues of exhaust gas in Vorkammerraum and mix with the combustion gas mixture.
    The separating element is designed in a preferred embodiment of the invention as an electrode holder plate and has a centrally disposed opening for the center electrode. Between the electrode holder plate and the central electrode arranged in the central opening there is a spark gap. In this case, the electrode holder plate forms the negative pole and the center electrode forms the positive pole.
    The ignition gap can also be open to the storage space according to the invention.
    Alternatively, a separating element separate from the electrodes may be provided. In order to ensure the best possible ignition of the combustion gas mixture, the separating element is preferably arranged behind the electrodes on the side of the storage space of the spark plug.
    It is preferred if the total area of the openings connecting the storage space and the antechamber space amounts to a maximum of 50% of the total area of the Trerinelements. This limitation of the total area prevents the compressed exhaust gas from flowing back into the pre-chamber space and impairing the ignitability of the fresh combustion gas mixture.
    In order to minimize residues of exhaust gases in the pre-chamber space by these are pushed into the storage space, but also not to promote fresh combustion gas mixture in the storage space, it is particularly preferred in the invention when the ratio of the volume of the prechamber space to the volume of the storage space in Range of the compression ratio of the internal combustion engine, in particular in the ratio 1: 8 to 1:14. However, the ratio may also be smaller or larger than the compression ratio, depending on the prevailing or desired conditions, and deviations of up to or more than 10% or 20% are possible.
    In order to best reduce or avoid thermal stresses on the separating element or on the electrode holder plate, the electrode holder plate can be designed in several parts, in particular in two parts.
    Further preferred embodiments of the invention are the subject of the remaining dependent claims.
    Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. It shows:
    1 shows an embodiment of a spark plug according to the invention in section along the central axis,
    2 is an end view of the spark plug of Fig. 1,
    3 shows a further embodiment of a spark plug according to the invention with an antechamber in section,
    FIG. 4 is an end view of the spark plug of FIG. 3,
    Fig. 5 shows a detail in the area of a built-in electrode holder plate and
    Fig., 6 in section, the spark plug of Fig.l in a built-in a pre-chamber housing state.
    In FIGS. 1 to 6, the front part of a spark plug 1 according to the invention is shown in two preferred embodiments. A non-current-conducting insulator 2, preferably made of ceramic, separates a spark plug housing 15 and a rod electrode 3 extending along a central axis 17 structurally and electrically from one another. The portion of the spark plug 1 in which the stick electrode 3 is located is referred to as the front portion of the spark plug 1. In order to install the spark plug 1 in accordance with its intended purpose, a spark plug thread 4 is located in the front area on the spark plug housing 15. In a stepped recessed area 16 of the spark plug housing 15 there is a separating element, which in the illustrated embodiments is designed as an electrode holder plate 8 with at least one connection opening 9 , In the embodiments, four connection openings 9 are provided. The connecting openings 9 connect a storage space 11 in the spark plug housing 15 with a pre-chamber space 14 on the opposite side of the electrode holder plate 8. Furthermore, located on the electrode holder plate 8, a ground electrode 7. In order to prevent a pressure loss in the cylinder in the installed state of the spark plug is located between the spark plug housing 15 and the insulator 2 a seal. 5
    In an alternative embodiment, not shown in the drawing, instead of the electrode holder plate 8, a differently shaped holder for the ground electrode 7 may be provided or the ground electrodes 7, as is customary in the prior art, be attached to the spark plug housing 15. In this case, a separate, e.g. plate-shaped, separating element provided, which is preferably arranged behind the electrodes on the side of the storage space.
    In Fig. 1 and 2, a first preferred embodiment of the spark plug 1 according to the invention is shown. For ease of illustration, only the front part of the spark plug with the spark plug housing 15, in which the insulator 2 is enclosed, is shown in a section along the central axis 17. The insulator 2 ends before the recessed area 16, ih the rod electrode 3 is surrounded by the electrode holder plate. The region 16 is arranged so that the supernatant 18 between the spark plug thread 4 and the electrode holder plate 8 as narrow as possible and close to the thread 4 out, in the installed state, a heat conduction from the electrode holder plate 8 via the spark plug thread 4 to a .Cylinder head best possible to ensure. The storage space 11 behind the electrode holder plate 8 is limited by the spark plug housing 15, the insulator 2 and by the seal 5.
    Fig. 2 shows the electrode holder plate 8 with the connection openings 9 in the installed state. In the center of an opening of the electrode holder plate 8 is the non-insulated, free end of the rod electrode 3, on which a center electrode 6, is arranged.
    The center electrode 6 forms the positive pole and has the shape of a circular disk, but may also have the shape of a polygon or a star-shaped plate with rod-shaped projections. The center electrode 6 is spaced from the surrounding ground electrode 7 by a spark gap 10. The ground electrode 7 can be designed so that the separating element itself forms the ground electrode 7. Particularly preferred, however, is when the ground electrode 7 is a ring which is fixed to the electrode holder plate 8, as shown in FIG. 2 can be seen. The ground electrode 7 and the center electrode 6 are made of materials such as precious metal or are coated with a noble metal that withstands the thermal stresses and has a low resistance at high temperatures.
    The connecting openings 9 between the storage space 11 and the pre-chamber space 14 are preferably circular arc-shaped and arranged at equal angular intervals to one another in the separating element or in the electrode holder plate 8.
    The prechamber space 14 is formed by an antechamber housing 20, shown in FIG. 6, to which the spark plug 1 is screwed so that the front end of the spark plug forms part of the boundary of the prechamber.
    3 to 5 show a second preferred embodiment of the spark plug according to the invention 1. Significant difference from
    Embodiment of Fig. 1 and Fig. 6 is that the pre-chamber space 14 is not formed by screwing the spark plug with a pre-chamber housing 20, but that the pre-chamber space 14 is formed by an inextricably attached to the spark plug 1 Vorkammerkuppe 12. The Vorkammerkuppe 12 is on the spark plug housing 15, for. secured by welding. The Vorkammerkuppe 12 is arranged on the front side of the spark plug 1 that the screwing of the spark plug 1 is not hindered in the thread on the cylinder head. In order to be able to ignite a combustion mixture in the cylinder of an internal combustion engine, in the exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 3 to 5, an end-side, coaxially arranged opening 13 and four radially outwardly leading openings 13 are present in the pre-chamber top 12. Through these openings 13, the fresh combustion gas mixture can flow into the pre-chamber space 14 or escape combustion gases again. Furthermore, the ignition flames pass through these openings 13 into the combustion chamber of the engine.
    FIG. 5 shows a detailed drawing of the electrode holder plate 8 used and fixed by the pre-chamber dome 12, as well as the connection openings 9, the rod electrode 3, the center electrode 6, the ignition gap 10 and the earth electrode 7. The insulator 2 and the electrode holder plate 8 are arranged to one another such that the ignition gap 10 is open to the storage space 11 so that gas can flow from the storage space 11 into the pre-chamber space 14 and vice versa. To center Uta the Vorkammerkuppe 12, the stepped portion 16 is formed so that after inserting the electrode holder plate 8 still protrudes a projection 18. In the stepped portion 16 with the projection 18 engages a gradation 19 at the periphery of the Vorkammerkuppe 12 for centering.
    A particular advantage of an antechamber is that less pre-chamber 14 turbulence than in the cylinder and thus reduces the risk that the spark is blown out, is reduced. Also, the fuel concentration in the pre-chamber 14 can be increased by additionally supplied fuel, which further facilitates the ignition.
    In Fig. 6, the spark plug 1 according to the invention in a
    Vorkammergehäuse 20 shown in section along the central axis 17. Instead of the Vorkämmerkuppe 12, the pre-chamber housing 20 takes over their function. The pre-chamber housing 20 is preferably made of two interconnected parts. In the upper, good heat conducting part, the spark plug 1 is screwed, wherein the upper part is designed so that the threaded connection between the thread 4 of the spark plug 1 and the thread of the prechamber housing 20 at least up to the height of the electrode holder plate 8 is sufficient to good cooling to ensure this. The lower part of the prechamber housing protrudes into the combustion chamber of the engine cylinder. The volume ratio of the prechamber 14 to the storage chamber 11 again corresponds approximately to the engine compression ratio as in the embodiment with a Vorkammerkuppe 12. About the radially outwardly leading openings 13 takes place as in the Vorkammerkuppe 12, the gas exchange and the ignition of the fresh combustion gas mixture. The variant with a prechamber housing 20 according to FIG. 6 is used predominantly for large engines.
    权利要求:
    Claims (16)
    [1]
    Claims :
    A spark plug {1} for internal combustion engines, comprising a center electrode (6) and a ground electrode (7), a prechamber space (14) in front of a separator and a storage space (11) behind the separator, the separator (8) defining the prechamber space (14 ) and the storage space (11) from each other, characterized in that in the separating element connecting openings (9) are arranged, which connect the Vorkammerraum (14) and the storage space (11).
    [2]
    2. Spark plug according to claim 1, characterized in that the separating element is designed as an electrode holder plate (8).
    [3]
    3. Spark plug according to claim 2, characterized in that the ground electrode (7) on the electrode holder plate (8) is fixed or the electrode holder plate (8) forms the ground electrode (7).
    [4]
    4. Spark plug according to claim 1, characterized in that an electrode holder plate (8) and a separating element are provided.
    [5]
    5. Spark plug according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that between the electrode holder plate (8) and the arranged center electrode (6) an ignition gap (10) is arranged.
    [6]
    6. Spark plug according to claim 5, characterized in that the storage space (11) and the pre-chamber space (14) through the spark gap (10) are interconnected.
    [7]
    7. Spark plug according to one of claims 1 to 6,. characterized in that the total area of the connecting openings (9) and optionally of the ignition gap (10) ^ 50% of the possible total connecting area between the storage space (11) and pre-chamber space (14).
    [8]
    8. Spark plug according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the ratio of the volume of the pre-chamber space (14) to the volume of the storage space (11) in the region of the compression ratio of the internal combustion engine, in particular in the ratio 1: 8 to 1:14, is located ,
    [9]
    9. Spark plug according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the separating element is designed in two parts.
    [10]
    10. Spark plug according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the center electrode (6) and / or the ground electrode (7) are made of precious metal or have a noble metal coating.
    [11]
    11. Spark plug according to one of claims 2 to 10, characterized in that the electrode holder plate (8) in a spark plug housing (15) is fixed and in the axial direction of the spark plug housing (15) seen in the region of a spark plug thread (4).
    [12]
    12. Spark plug according to claim 11, characterized in that the electrode holder plate (8) is arranged approximately at the level of the spark plug thread (4).
    [13]
    13. Spark plug according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the Vorkammerraum (14) by a Vorkammerkuppe (.12) or one of the spark plug (1) separable, preferably verschraubbares, antechamber housing (20) is limited.
    [14]
    14. Spark plug according to claim 13, characterized in that the Vorkammerkuppe (12) is fixedly connected by welding with the spark plug housing (15).
    [15]
    15. Spark plug according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the center electrode (6) in the form of a round plate, which optionally carries rod-shaped projections, is formed.
    [16]
    16. Spark plug according to one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that the Vorkammerkuppe (12) and the pre-chamber housing (20) has at least one opening (13) in the axial direction and / or openings (13), which at an angle between 0 ° and 90 ° to the axis aligned and arranged at equal angular intervals. <
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    AT516835B1|2016-09-15|
    EP3068001A1|2016-09-14|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    WO1982004504A1|1981-06-16|1982-12-23|Kirkhouse Henry Angell|Spark plug|
    EP1701419A1|2005-03-08|2006-09-13|Veenstra- Glazenborg B.V.|A pre-chamber sparkplug, and combustion engine including a pre-chamber sparkplug|
    DE102011053530A1|2010-11-23|2012-05-24|Woodward, Inc.|VORKAMMERZÜNDKERZE WITH TUBE ELECTRODE AND METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF THE SAME|
    EP0675272B1|1994-03-29|1997-08-06|Dieter Dr. Kuhnert|Prechamber ignition device|
    US7659655B2|2004-06-24|2010-02-09|Woodward Governor Company|Pre-chamber spark plug|
    US8657641B2|2009-09-11|2014-02-25|Woodward Inc.|Method for forming an electrode for a spark plug|
    AT511609B1|2011-07-19|2013-01-15|Ge Jenbacher Gmbh & Co Ohg|SPARK PLUG FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE|
    US8839762B1|2013-06-10|2014-09-23|Woodward, Inc.|Multi-chamber igniter|DE102017129056B4|2017-12-06|2019-12-19|Federal-Mogul Ignition Gmbh|Spark plug with a fuel supply channel|
    DE102018101092B3|2018-01-18|2019-05-16|Elias Russegger|Ignition device for a gas engine|
    CN113423530A|2018-12-21|2021-09-21|因尼欧延巴赫两合无限公司|Spark plug and method for producing a spark plug|
    EP3923427A4|2020-06-09|2021-12-15|Elias Russegger|Gas engine ignition plug|
    WO2021253061A1|2020-06-18|2021-12-23|Innio Jenbacher Gmbh & Co Og|Method for manufacturing an assembly for a spark plug and spark plug|
    EP3934033A1|2020-07-03|2022-01-05|Sparkx GmbH|Pre-chamber spark plug, method for the production of such a pre-chamber spark plug and combustion engine comprising such a pre-chamber spark plug|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA141/2015A|AT516835B1|2015-03-13|2015-03-13|spark plug|ATA141/2015A| AT516835B1|2015-03-13|2015-03-13|spark plug|
    EP16450005.0A| EP3068001A1|2015-03-13|2016-03-10|Ignition plug|
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