• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Method for starting an internal combustion engine (1), in particular a stationary gas engine, operated with a fuel-air mixture, wherein the internal combustion engine (1) is supplied as part of the fuel-air mixture with a fuel volume flow (Os) which, taking into account at least one of the energy content of the fuel-air mixture characteristic parameter is determined, the internal combustion engine (1) by a starting device (2) is driven until the internal combustion engine (1) continues to run automatically, wherein the internal combustion engine (1) supplied fuel flow (Os) by Change of at least one characteristic of the energy content of the fuel-air mixture parameter is changed until the internal combustion engine (1) continues to run automatically.
    公开号:AT516532A1
    申请号:T846/2014
    申请日:2014-11-24
    公开日:2016-06-15
    发明作者:Johann Hirzinger-Unterrainer；Herbert Kopecek；Hang Lu；Michael Waldhart
    申请人:Ge Jenbacher Gmbh & Co Og；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to a method for starting an internal combustion engine operated with a fuel-air mixture, in particular a stationary gas engine, wherein the internal combustion engine is supplied as part of the fuel-air mixture, a fuel volume flow, taking into account at least one for the energy content of the fuel Air mixture characteristic parameter is determined, wherein the internal combustion engine is driven by a starting device until the internal combustion engine continues to run automatically. During a starting process of an internal combustion engine operated with a fuel-air mixture, it is supplied with a fuel-air mixture comprising a fuel flow volume flow and air and driven by a starting device until the internal combustion engine continues to run automatically. The size of the fuel flow is often determined taking into account at least one characteristic of the energy content of the fuel-air mixture parameters, such as the stoichiometric air demand or
    Minimum air requirement lmin with respect to the fuel or the combustion air ratio lambda of the fuel-air mixture. Since an internal combustion engine usually starts at a lambda value of 1.2, this characteristic parameter is often set to the value of 1.2. The minimum air requirement depends on the fuel used and is thus coupled with the use of a fuel gas as fuel to the gas quality. Provided one knows the gas quality, the appropriate value for the minimum air requirement can be taken into account when determining the fuel volume flow.
    However, if the gas quality or significant characteristic parameters relevant to the energy content of the fuel-air mixture are not known, it may happen that the internal combustion engine does not start at the selected parameter values or is operated in an unfavorable operating mode.
    The object of the invention is therefore to provide a comparison with the prior art improved method for starting a run with a fuel-air mixture internal combustion engine. In particular, the proposed
    Method even with a fuel or fuel gas of unknown quality allow a reliable starting of the internal combustion engine.
    This object is achieved by the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.
    According to the invention, it is thus provided that the fuel volume flow supplied to the internal combustion engine is changed by changing the at least one parameter characteristic of the energy content of the fuel-air mixture until the internal combustion engine continues to run automatically.
    By changing the at least one characteristic of the energy content of the fuel-air mixture parameter (eg minimum air requirement or combustion air ratio) is achieved that the internal combustion engine starts reliably, although the quality of the fuel and thus the calorific value of the fuel is initially unknown ,
    According to a particularly preferred embodiment it can be provided that a minimum air requirement with respect to the fuel is changed as characteristic of the energy content of the fuel-air mixture parameters.
    It can also be provided that a combustion air ratio of the fuel-air mixture is changed as characteristic of the energy content of the fuel-air mixture parameters.
    In a preferred embodiment of the invention it can be provided that the at least one characteristic of the energy content of the fuel-air mixture parameter is changed starting from a predetermined starting value. It makes sense to change the parameter in meaningful limits relevant to the respective fuel category. When using fuel gas as a fuel, for example, reasonable ranges for changing the minimum air requirement lmin for natural gas 9 to 10, for biogas 6 to 10 and for
    Mine gas 3 to 10. In the case of fuel gas, it can thus be provided in particular for these examples that, starting from a starting value of 10 for the minimum air requirement, this is reduced until the internal combustion engine continues to run automatically.
    According to a particularly preferred embodiment it can be provided that the fuel volume flow supplied to the internal combustion engine is determined according to the following formula:
    Qb = Qg / (1 + lambda * Ln), wherein Qb correspond to the fuel volume flow supplied to the internal combustion engine, QG a predetermined mixture volume flow of the fuel-air mixture, lambda a combustion air ratio of the fuel-air mixture and lmin a minimum air requirement with respect to the fuel ,
    The combustion air ratio lambda of the fuel-air mixture is the ratio of the air mass actually available for combustion to the at least necessary stoichiometric air mass necessary for complete combustion. When operated with excess air and therefore over-stoichiometric internal combustion engine (lambda> 1), the combustion air ratio is often referred to as excess air.
    The minimum air requirement lmin - which is often referred to as stoichiometric air demand - is a mass ratio of the stoichiometric air mass to the fuel mass. The minimum air requirement lmin is therefore a value dependent on the particular fuel used. It indicates the multiple of the given fuel mass needed as the air mass to allow stoichiometric combustion (at lambda = 1) of the fuel mass.
    The mixture volume flow QG of the fuel-air mixture can be the normalized pressure (1.013 bar) and normal temperature (293 Kelvin) normalized value of a mixture volume flow of the fuel-air mixture, which depends on the degree of delivery and the intake volume per minute at a given Speed of the internal combustion engine results.
    Preferably, it can be provided that lmin is changed.
    In a particularly preferred embodiment, it can be provided that lmin is reduced, preferably starting from approximately 10 as the starting value.
    This case is particularly relevant if it is known due to the environmental parameters at which value for the combustion air ratio Lambda usually starts the engine (eg Lambda = 1.2), the fuel quality and thus the appropriate value for the minimum air requirement lmin is unknown , It can be provided that for the starting process of the internal combustion engine, the value for the
    Combustion air ratio lambda is kept constant - e.g. at lambda = 1,2 and the value for the minimum air requirement lmin is reduced starting from the value lmin = 10 until the internal combustion engine starts and continues to run automatically. If it is determined by changing the value for the minimum air requirement lmin that the internal combustion engine starts, for example, at a value of lmin = 4, then this can be deduced the quality of the fuel associated with this value. In particular, however, the starting process can be carried out reliably without the gas quality having to be known in advance. This value determined at the start for the minimum air requirement Un - in the example given lmin = 4 - can also be used for further operation of the internal combustion engine as a corresponding value for the minimum air requirement lmin in the respective calculation formulas for the fuel metering and thus allow optimal operation of the internal combustion engine which is adapted to the actual fuel quality.
    Alternatively or additionally, it may also be provided that lambda is changed.
    In a particularly preferred embodiment, it can be provided that lambda is reduced, preferably starting from approximately 2 as the starting value.
    This case is particularly relevant when the fuel quality and thus the appropriate value for the minimum air requirement Ln is known, but due to the environmental parameters (eg installation location of the internal combustion engine at high altitude above sea level) it is not known at which value for the combustion air ratio lambda the internal combustion engine starts at a given environment. It can be provided that for the starting process of the internal combustion engine, the value for the minimum air requirement Ln is kept constant according to the existing, known fuel and the value for the combustion air ratio lambda is reduced starting from a predefinable start value until the engine starts and runs automatically, for example at a value of lambda = 1.1.
    In a preferred embodiment of the invention, it may be provided that that parameter value of the at least one parameter characteristic for the energy content of the fuel-air mixture, in which the internal combustion engine continues automatically, is kept substantially constant at least temporarily for the further operation of the internal combustion engine. It can also be provided that the parameter value of the characteristic parameter at which the internal combustion engine continues automatically is kept constant for all further load states of the internal combustion engine.
    It can also be provided that the parameter value is kept substantially constant up to a power demand on the internal combustion engine of at most 30% of a nominal load of the internal combustion engine.
    Further details and advantages of the present invention will be explained with reference to the following description of the figures. It shows or show
    1 shows an internal combustion engine in a schematic block diagram,
    2 shows a starting process of an internal combustion engine according to an exemplary embodiment of the proposed method, and FIG. 3 shows a starting process of an internal combustion engine according to a further exemplary embodiment of the proposed method.
    1 shows an internal combustion engine 1 in the form of a stationary gas engine in a schematic block diagram. During the starting process of the internal combustion engine 1, this is driven by a starting device 2 until the internal combustion engine 1 continues to run automatically. The internal combustion engine 1 drives in this example an electric generator 3, which supplies an electric power network, not shown, with electric current. In a supply line 4 and an exhaust pipe 5, a turbocharger 6 is arranged in a known manner, which comprises an exhaust gas turbine 8 and a driven by a shaft 9 of the exhaust gas turbine 8 compressor 7. The compressor 7 is followed by a mixture cooler 10. By means of a bypass line 12 and a compressor bypass valve 11 arranged in the bypass line 12, part of the compressed fuel-air mixture G can be recirculated again upstream of the compressor 7. Upstream of the compressor 7, a mixer 14 is arranged in the supply line 4, are mixed in the air A and B fuel to a fuel-air mixture G, which is supplied to the compressor 7. After the passage of the mixture cooler 10 and a throttle valve 13, the fuel-air mixture G of the internal combustion engine 1 is supplied.
    In the mixer 14 open an air line 18 for introducing air A and a fuel line 17 for introducing fuel B in the form of fuel gas. In the fuel line 17, a fuel valve 15 is e.g. arranged in the form of a gas solenoid valve. This fuel valve 15 is commanded via a signal line 16 of the respective value for the required fuel flow QB according to the proposed method. Depending on the commanded value for the required fuel volume flow QB, the corresponding fuel volume flow QB to fuel B in the fuel line 17 is provided via the fuel valve 15.
    The commanded value for the fuel volume flow QB changes during the starting process of the internal combustion engine 1 as a function of the change in the at least one characteristic of the energy content of the fuel-air mixture G (for example, minimum air requirement lmin or combustion air ratio lambda) according to the proposed method.
    Unlike in FIG. 1, the internal combustion engine 1 can also be designed without a bypass line 12. Alternatively or in addition to the bypass line 12 may be arranged in the exhaust pipe 5 in the region of the exhaust gas turbine 8 in a known manner, a wastegate.
    FIG. 2 shows, for an exemplary starting process of an internal combustion engine 1, the time profile of the minimum air requirement Ln changed during the starting process according to an exemplary embodiment of the proposed method. Over time t, four phases I, II, III, IV are shown in this example. Phase I corresponds to a stop phase of the internal combustion engine 1 in which it is not running. Phase II corresponds to a starting phase of the internal combustion engine 1, during which the proposed method is used. Phase III represents an idling phase or a low-load phase of the internal combustion engine 1, in which a power requirement to the internal combustion engine 1 is at most 30% of a nominal load of the internal combustion engine 1. Phase IV represents a load phase of the internal combustion engine 1 with a power requirement to the internal combustion engine 1 of more than 30% of the rated load of the internal combustion engine 1. As the diagram shows, during the start phase (Phase II) - in the example shown about 30 seconds lasts - the value for the minimum air requirement lmin starting from a start value of eg 10 reduced until the internal combustion engine 1 starts and continues to run automatically. That value for the minimum air requirement Ln, at which the internal combustion engine 1 continues to run automatically (in this example at Ln = 5), is subsequently kept substantially constant for the further operation of the internal combustion engine 1 in phases III and IV.
    FIG. 3 shows, for an exemplary starting process of an internal combustion engine 1, the time profile of the combustion air ratio lambda changed during the starting process according to an exemplary embodiment of the proposed method. The time phases I, II, III, IV correspond to the corresponding phases of FIG. 2. In this example, during the starting phase (phase II), the value for the combustion air ratio lambda is calculated from a starting value of e.g. 2 reduced until the internal combustion engine 1 starts and continues to run automatically. The value for the combustion air ratio lambda, in which the internal combustion engine 1 continues to run automatically (lambda = 1.5 in this example), is subsequently kept substantially constant for the idle phase or low load phase (phase III) of the internal combustion engine 1. In the load phase (phase IV), the combustion air ratio lambda is adjusted in accordance with the power demanded by the internal combustion engine 1. In the example shown, the combustion air ratio lambda in the load phase (phase IV) is increased by the engine control and is about 1.8 at a time ti.
    Innsbruck, on November 21, 2014
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [1]
    claims:
    1. A method for starting a fuel-air mixture operated internal combustion engine (1), in particular a stationary gas engine, wherein the internal combustion engine (1) as part of the fuel-air mixture, a fuel volume flow (Qb) is supplied, taking into account at least a characteristic of the energy content of the fuel-air mixture parameter is determined, wherein the internal combustion engine (1) by a starting device (2) is driven until the internal combustion engine (1) continues to run automatically, characterized in that the internal combustion engine (1) supplied Fuel volume flow (Qb) by changing the at least one characteristic of the energy content of the fuel-air mixture parameter is changed until the internal combustion engine (1) continues to run automatically.
    [2]
    2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a minimum air requirement (lmjn) is changed with respect to the fuel as characteristic of the energy content of the fuel-air mixture parameters.
    [3]
    3. The method of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a combustion air ratio (lambda) of the fuel-air mixture is changed as characteristic of the energy content of the fuel-air mixture parameters.
    [4]
    4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the at least one characteristic of the energy content of the fuel-air mixture parameters is changed starting from a predetermined starting value.
    [5]
    5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the internal combustion engine (1) supplied fuel volume flow (Qb) is determined according to the following formula: Qb = Qg / (1 + lambda * lmin), wherein Qb that of the internal combustion engine ( 1) supplied fuel volume flow, Qg correspond to a predetermined Gemischvoiumenstrom the fuel-air mixture, lambda a combustion air ratio of the fuel-air mixture and Imin a minimum air requirement with respect to the fuel.
    [6]
    6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that lmin is changed.
    [7]
    7. The method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that lmin is reduced, preferably starting from about 10 as the starting value.
    [8]
    8. The method according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that lambda is changed.
    [9]
    9. The method according to any one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that lambda is reduced, preferably starting from about 2 as the starting value.
    [10]
    10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that that parameter value of the at least one characteristic of the energy content of the fuel-air mixture parameter in which the internal combustion engine (1) continues automatically, for the further operation of the internal combustion engine (1 ) is kept substantially constant at least temporarily.
    [11]
    11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the parameter value is kept substantially constant up to a power demand on the internal combustion engine (1) of at most 30% of a nominal load of the internal combustion engine. Innsbruck, on November 21, 2014
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    法律状态:
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