• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
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  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    1. glass-metal facade composite panel (1) with a glass pane (2) whose back is connected by a permanently elastic polymeric adhesive film (3) with a 5 metal sheet (4) on the punctiform and at a mutual distance a plurality of fastening means (8 , 18-20), which form the load-transmitting connection to the facade (16), wherein the punctiform fastening means (8, 18-20) distributed on approximately the entire surface of the glass sheet (2) on the metal sheet (4) are fixed.
    公开号:AT512847A2
    申请号:T347/2013
    申请日:2013-04-25
    公开日:2013-11-15
    发明作者:Marko Dipl Ing Buxbaumer
    申请人:Buxbaumer Marko；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    • *
    Glass-metal facade composite panel
    The invention relates to a glass-metal facade composite panel according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
    In EP611854B1 a glass composite panel for wall and building cladding with at least one thicker glass sheet and at least one thinner sheet metal, which are interconnected via an adhesive layer is described.
    The metal sheet and the glass sheet preferably have about the same coefficient of expansion and the glass composite is held on a Haitekonstruktion or window construction on the wall of the building. At least one edge of the metal sheet is freely accessible from the flat side of the glass composite plate forth and on this edge fasteners such as stud bolts, metal screws are fixed by welding after connecting the glass sheet with the metal sheet.
    Disadvantage of the known glass composite panel is that the metal sheet holds only the edge of the glass sheet in the manner of a picture frame from behind and that only in the frame region of this metal sheet, the punctiform attachment means can be welded to the back of the metal sheet.
    The technology of resistance welding at that time did not allow fastening bolts to be welded to the rear of a relatively thin metal plate without the welds being visible from the front of this metal sheet. This was accepted at the time. Therefore, the metal sheet was glued only as a circumferential frame to the full-surface back of the glass plate and welded in this area, the fasteners. Therefore, there was the disadvantage that from the front, d. H. through the glass plate, which was able to detect welding spots on the frame-side metal sheet. * »*» »· ··» • * * * * ··· · · «« • · · · · · · · · < ··· * ·· t · »· 2 ..............
    For this reason, the frame area was optically covered from the front side of the glass plate and optically laminated in the manner of a passe-partout. However, this was the disadvantage of insufficient attachment of the glass composite panel given that it could only be suspended on the frame side with fasteners fastened there to the facade. This created the further disadvantage that due to the unfavorable mounting suspension only glass panes of small thickness and low weight could be used. In addition to the optical limitations (optical frame-side cover from the visible side of the glass plate forth) therefore also had the disadvantage of poor load transfer of the glass composite panel on the facade side.
    It is also mentioned that the plastic adhesive layer is formed by at least one film and the film consists of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) or polyurethane (PU) and the thickness of a film layer is about 0.4 millimeters and the glass sheet associated side of the metal sheet has a uniform surface , is preferably polished and acts together as a mirror through the glass sheet and that two metal sheets or sheet metal strips are laminated together with a glass sheet and that it is designed as a parapet, has a thick glass sheet and a metal sheet of the same size and that close to the metal sheet fastening means are provided ,
    This document also mentions a method for producing a glass composite plate, wherein the thin metal sheet together with a foil, e.g. Adhesive layer is laminated under heat and pressure on one side of the glass sheet, preferably by rolling and an autoclave process. Then punctiform bolt-like fastening means are welded to the thin metal sheet at the marginal locations, preferably by resistance welding, the duration of the current, the current, the time course of the current and the amount and time of the pressure load of the holding means, determined by preliminary tests, are specified. 1 1
    3
    This document discloses only the formation of the glass composite panel as a parapet, consisting of a thicker glass and a thinner same, designed as a closed frame metal sheet, wherein the retaining means for fixing the glass composite plate 5 are provided near the metal sheet on a support structure on the wall. However, a large-scale attachment of the punctiform fastening means is not apparent from this document, because they can only be attached to the edge of the metal sheet. Incidentally, in EP611854B1 there is no load-bearing device for the glass sheet and no coated or graphically designed glass is mentioned. A direct connection of the support structure on the metal sheet is not disclosed, but only an indirect connection via an elastic separation profile or via a second strip 15 of a metal sheet takes place.
    There is therefore the disadvantage that only edge-side fastening means and not distributed over the entire composite panel fasteners are mentioned and the support structure or single-staple elements are not attached 20 directly on the metal sheet. This leads to problems with larger glass-metal cladding panels with respect to the sufficient dimensioning of the fasteners and overall to an insufficient life or safety. The invention is therefore based on the object to propose a glass-metal facade composite board and a method for their production, which do not have these disadvantages and are also inexpensive to produce, can be installed quickly and have a long life and the desire for a diverse color and graphic and 30 effective design.
    To solve the problem, the invention is characterized by the technical teaching of claim 1. 4 4 ♦ »• · · * * · • * · ·
    An essential feature of the invention is that the punctiform
    Fastening means are fastened distributed over approximately the entire surface of not only designed as a frame metal sheet and the back of the glass is preferably the entire surface connected to the metal sheet.
    This results in the advantage that the glass pane is now preferably fully connected to the metal sheet and thus forms borderless the visible side of the facade. On only marginally arranged on the glass
    Sheet metal strips on which the punctiform fastening means are distributed, can be dispensed with. The punctiform fastening means are rather distributed over the entire surface of the metal sheet and the glass pane is preferably substantially over the entire surface connected to the metal sheet, resulting in a much better load transfer to the facade.
    Because can be dispensed with arranged edge metal strip, the glass-metal facade composite panel according to the invention forms borderless the visible side of the facade, because the metal sheet covers the glass plate over its entire surface from behind. Optically disturbing welds that were visible in the prior art from the front of the glass plate therethrough, now eliminated because they are no longer visible from the front of the metal plate through the glass thanks to a novel arc stud welding.
    This results in completely new design options, because the load transfer from the metal sheet to the back there welded fasteners now takes place at any point on the entire surface of the glass-metal facade composite panel. On the one hand, large-area glass-metal facade composite panels with a high basis weight can now be securely fastened to a façade and, on the other hand, optical coverage of welds from the visible side of the glass-metal facade composite panels is no longer necessary. • ftftft ··· «ft · ft * ft · ft ft · ft • ft • ft ft ftft • ft ft ft ftftftft 5
    According to the invention, the glass-metal facade composite panel consists of a thicker glass pane and a thinner metal sheet, in particular a stainless steel sheet, which is permanently covered by a permanently elastic polymeric and transparent or translucent adhesive composite film of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) or polyurethane (PU) or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers ( EVA) or EVM (EVA with high vinyl acetal content - Levamelt from Lanxess). On the metal sheet by means of arc stud welding a plurality of punctiform fastening means (preferably made of stainless steel) are arranged. These 10 fasteners are each connected to an agraffe and the clasps are mounted adjustable and lockable in at least two mutually parallel, facades arranged rails.
    The metal sheet is formed in an embodiment on the lower side at least 15 pieces such angled that it acts load-bearing for the glass.
    In a second load-bearing embodiment load-bearing elements in L-shape are fastened on the lower region of the metal sheet. In this case, the L-shaped load-bearing element may be formed over the entire width 20 or only piecemeal.
    In a third load-bearing or glass-sealing
    Embodiment are so-called glass clasps in the glass edge of the glass sheet looped circular segment-shaped and it engages a load-bearing U-element, which in turn is connected by means of fastening means 25 to the metal sheet.
    Furthermore, a process for the production is mentioned, wherein the glass plate with the permanently elastic polymeric adhesive composite film and the metal sheet are adhesively bonded in a prelaminator and are connected together in an autoclave under pressure -30 and temperature influence luftblasenfei and the application as a facade element without aesthetically disturbing visible 6 6 "*" * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * · · · · · · · · · · · · ··· «i« • ···· * ···· ··
    Fastening means between the individual glass-metal cladding panels and with the possibility of cost and time-saving installation in the form of hanging and lateral fixing and with the possibility of aesthetic color and graphic design and 5 long life.
    The subject of the present invention results not only from the subject matter of the individual claims, but also from the combination of the individual claims with each other. 10
    All information and features disclosed in the documents, including the abstract, in particular the spatial design shown in the drawings, are claimed to be essential to the invention insofar as they are novel individually or in combination with respect to the prior art. In the following, the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to drawings showing several execution paths. Here are from the drawings and their description further features essential to the invention and advantages of the invention. 20 It shows:
    Figure 1: a schematic section through a glass-metal facade composite panel (1) in a first embodiment 25 Figure 2: a schematic section through the edge region of a glass-metal facade composite panel (1) in a second embodiment
    FIG. 3 shows a schematic view of 4 exemplarily arranged glass-metal composite facade panels (1) and their attachment 30
    Figure 4: a schematic section through the lower edge region of a glass-metal-Fassadenverbundplatte (1) with a load-bearing L-element (25) • * · »· · * 0 j ;; ································································································· and fasteners (28) in accordance with the Exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2
    Figure 5 is a schematic section through a third embodiment with in the bottom 5 edge region of a glass-metal-Fassadenverbundplatte (1) ground glass agraffe (29) with a load-bearing U-element (27) and fastening means (28) and a permanently elastic polymeric Element (26) 10 FIG. 6: a schematic plan view of the lower edge region in FIG. 5 with a ground glass agraffe (29) in the edge region of the glass pane (2) with a load-bearing U element (27)
    Figure 7: a section through the embodiment of Figure 1 with representation 15 of further details
    FIG. 8 shows the plan view of the illustration according to FIG. 7
    FIG. 9 is a schematic plan view of the stud welding gun 20
    Figure 10: The representation of the procedure in stud welding.
    1 shows a schematic section through a glass-metal facade composite panel (1) with the sun (5) on the front side and a wall (16) 25 on the back side. In this embodiment, a glass sheet (2) with a rear metal sheet (4) connected by a permanently elastic polymeric adhesive film (3) is shown. On the back of the metal sheet (4) a fastening means (8) is fastened by means of arc stud welding and with the fastening means (8) a clasp element (9) is attached.
    In the exemplary embodiment in Figure 1, a suspension rail (10) is shown identical to the Agraffenelement (9). The staple forms (9, 10) are 8 ft. B. And 5 x. Ft. Ft. Ft. Ft. Ft. Ft. Ft. Ft. Ft. Ft. Ft ft "Ftft ft ftftft ft are shown only as an example and can be varied in a variety of ways and in particular must not be designed identical.
    The suspension rail (10) is connected by way of example with a fixing device (15) with the 5 wall (16). The type of fixation (15) is possible in a variety of ways, paying attention to the ease of installation and good adjustment or Einelbarkeit the distance from the wall and the local x-y position. In this present embodiment, a ventilated facade is outlined. 10
    The glass pane (2) can be selected from a clear or colored float glass pane (soda-lime glass) or a so-called solar glass (glass with low iron content or less green color) and is usually used thermally toughened or partially tempered and is such an ESG (Toughened safety glass) or TVG (partial tempered glass) is edge-trimmed or provided with a chamfer (12) and is 2 to 19 mm thick, typically 6 mm to 12 mm and preferably 6 mm to 8 mm Thickness used. 20 For façades with corresponding technical building regulations (for example, the glazing is located on a traffic area and is used at a height of more than 4 meters), an externally monitored hot-tempered toughened safety glass ESG-H glass is usually used. An ESG-H glass is produced as normal ESG, ie heated to typically 620 ° C to about 630 ° C and cooled rapidly with cool air. Thereafter, it is stored hot at a temperature of 290 ° C ± 10 ° C for several hours (hot storage test = heat soak test). This additional procedure results in deliberate spontaneous breaks by heating the disk for several hours, e.g., at least 4 hours hold time, thus reducing the spontaneous breaks in normal ESG caused by nickel sulfide inclusions 30 in use. A spontaneous break is the delayed destruction of toughened glass panes (ESG) without any visible external influence. 9
    The glass pane (2) can be coated on one or both sides by means of roller coating or curtain coating or knife coating or be designed graphically by screen printing or inkjet printing (6, 7). After the application of the paint or coating (6, 7) a predrying is carried out and then the curing process is carried out together with the ESG or TVG process at about 600 to 650 ° C, typically 620 ° C to 630 ° C.
    The colors for the coating or the graphic design (6, 7) can be enamel colors, ie colors with glass frits according to the prior art and are thus resistant to outside (level 1) and can also be used on the glass inside (level 2) and provide while a comparable adhesive bond to the permanently elastic polymeric support composite film (3). Such enamel paints can be made opaque or translucent in color and 3D effects can be generated, wherein the glass thickness and glass transparency determine the 3D effect and additionally in the choice of 2 translucent enamel colors, the surface of the metal sheet (4) in the aesthetic effect with can be included.
    By admixing various effect pigments such as fine glass bubbles of borosilicate glass with and without coatings or of small translucent platelets (flakes, glass flakes, Gimmer flakes) with diffractive coatings to achieve color shift effects in the visible wavelength range or of luminescent pigments, a variety of optical effects can be achieved.
    In addition to the usual enamel paints based on glass frits, screen printable, translucent, metal oxide sol-gel inks on level 1 and 2 can also be used. For example, the screen-printable and highly reflective Sol-gel color called LustRefelx TLU 0050A "Reflective mirror coating" from Ferro, which allows a wet application of 15 to 20 pm by means of a polyester screen with greater than 100 mesh / cm mesh and after predrying at 100 to 130 ° C by removing all solvents a layer thickness of 1 to 2 pm causes and in a typical annealing process for float glass at 600 to 700 ° C and typically 3 to 6 minutes, a nanometer-thin outer stable (level 1) layer of about 10 ··· »* Μφ |
    50 to 400 nm results. This coating or graphic design (7) can in principle also be done on the inside of the glass (level 2) and provides a good and durable bond with the permanently elastic polymeric adhesive film (3). 5
    By admixing further nanoscale effect pigments with luminescence properties, a further variety of optical effects can be achieved, and by adding further nanoscale pigments such as, for example, titanium dioxide pigments or ZnO pigments, not only luminescent effects but also interesting satin-matt surface effects and the like effects can be achieved.
    Sol-gel coating or printing processes are wet-chemical processes for producing homogeneous, nanocrystalline ceramic or oxide-ceramic or ceramic-organic layers. The peculiarity of sol-gel processes is that the preparation or deposition of the materials proceeds from a liquid sol state, which is converted into a solid gel state by a sol-gel transformation. Solids are dispersions of solid particles in the size range between 1 nm and 20 100 nm, which are finely distributed (dispersed) in water or organic solvents. Sol-gel processes generally start from sol systems based on organometallic polymers. The transition from the liquid sol to the ceramic material takes place via a gel state. During the sol-gel transformation, there is a 3-dimensional cross-linking of the 25 nanoparticles in the solvent, which gives the gel solid-state properties. The transfer of the gel into an oxide-ceramic material takes place by means of a controlled heat treatment under air.
    The metal sheet (4) is preferably selected from a stainless steel sheet with high resistance to rust and good electrical weldability and is, for example, with the quality according to EN 10020 with the material number 1.4510.1.4520, 1.4521, 1.4512, 1.4509 or 1.4462 with a coefficient of thermal expansion < xt (2o-ioo ° c) is selected from 10.0 to about 13.0 10'6 / K, and this listing of useable 11 11 • • • ♦ • ♦ • * • «
    Stainless steel grades is not complete and must be adapted to the particular application or specification or tender. In general, stainless steel grades with a low coefficient of thermal expansion of 10.0 to about 13.0 10'6 / K are preferred, since the glass sheet has a coefficient of thermal expansion ατ < 2ο-ιοο * ο of about 9.0 10'6 / K and too high a difference in coefficient of thermal expansion would severely burden the adhesive bond.
    Such a metal sheet is used in a thickness of 0.3 to 3.0 mm, in particular 10 0.5 to 2.0 mm and most preferably 0.8 to 1.5 mm thickness and it can while M6 and M8 stainless steel bolts with firing tip be used as a fastener (8) and by the arc stud welding process with tip ignition with a
    Welding process in the range of 1 msec to 3 msec is the thermal stress 15 in the sheet metal area to permanently elastic polymeric adhesive film so low that when you select a suitable voltage no visible traces are visible. The correct welding parameters are checked with a transparent glass pane (2) and a brushed stainless steel sheet (4). 20
    The stainless steel sheet (4) can be used untreated on both sides or brushed on the side of the glass sheet or polished or used generally formed with a chemical or mechanical or laser-technical surface treatment or surface structuring 25 or a surface embossing.
    As a permanently elastic polymeric adhesive film (3) is a film of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) with thicknesses of 0.38 mm, 0.76 mm, 1.14 mm and 1.52 mm or polyurethane (PU) or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers (EVA) or 30 EVM (EVA with high vinyl acetal content - Levamelt from Lanxess), with adhesive pads (3) with thicknesses of 1.14 mm and 1.52 mm being used in particular for larger surfaces and / or thicker steel sheets, since both a ESG or ESG-H or TVG glass have some unevenness due to the thermal treatment and a thicker one
    Steel sheet may also have unevenness and on the other hand has a high inherent rigidity and thus takes place by the lamination process in an autoclave lamination process according to the prior art for the production of laminated safety glass elements, a small compensation of any unevenness. Usually transparent adhesive films (3) are used, as they are used by default in a VSG lamination process of glass sheets. However, it is also possible to use colored adhesive films (3) and it is possible to use PVB films with luminescent properties, ie with long-lasting phosphors, such as, for example, the LUMINEO PVB film from Kuraray-Trosifol (www.trosifol.com/fileadmin/ pdf / broschueren_2011 / disclaimer / OP_Lumineo_dts _6_2011_net.pdf) for architectural glazing.
    The lamination process is carried out in a preferred sequence analogous to a glass lamination, it is in a protected space (cleanroom-like with controlled temperature and humidity) on the cleaned metal sheet (4) one or more adhesive films (3) in the format of the metal sheet (4) or with a corresponding excess and placed on the glass sheet (2) and this sandwich is moved in the prior art by a pre-laminator in the form of a roll laminator (calender, Walzenstuhlungen) and there is a Vorverbund at temperatures above 100 ° C, wherein the rollers may have temperatures of over 180 ° C. Due to the pre-bond of the sandwich (2, 3, 4) can be manipulated, but still has small to very small air pockets in the adhesive film (3) and make the composite look milky-cloudy. The final lamination process is usually carried out in an autoclave at elevated temperature in the range 100 ° C to 160 ° C, especially at about 120 ° C to 140 ° C using a PVB laminating film and elevated pressure in the range of 10 to 15 kg / cm 2 often several hours of stay. The task of the pressure-temperature process in an autoclave consists in the complete solution of the residual air and residual moisture in the molten PVB film, the air at the temperatures mentioned ♦ · · • • • • • »» »» »» »» »» »» »PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV. In the cooling phase of the contents of the autoclave is cooled down to a glass surface temperature of about 40 ° C while maintaining the full pressure and only then the pressure is released from the autoclave.
    When choosing the thickness of the adhesive film (3) between the glass pane (2) and Metallbiech (4) still plays the thermal expansion coefficient of the two elements (2, 4) a role and that of a Agraffe (9) or of the mounting rail (10) Both are usually made of aluminum or aluminum alloys.
    In addition to the use of PVB films (3) as permanently elastic polymeric and transparent or translucent or self-luminescent adhesive films (3) films of polyurethane (PU / TPU) or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers (EVA) or EVM (EVA with high vinyl acetal content - Levamelt the company Lanxess) can be used with EVA films analogous to the lamination of photovoltaic modules so-called Vakuumlaminieranlagen can be used, which require significantly lower investment costs. When EVM films are used, the lamination time can be further reduced. In all cases, the nature of the permanently elastic polymeric and transparent or translucent adhesive composite films (3) on the type of application, the size of the individual glass-metal composite panel (1) and the thicknesses of the glass sheet (2) and the metal sheet (4) and the environmental conditions It is necessary to take into account the relevant rules and nuns concerning facades.
    Basically, PVB films have certain advantages in the lamination of glass panes such as a very well reproducible lamination process with the possibility of reworking in the case of small air pockets, a glass adhesion without adhesion promoter, a long storage time up to several years before processing, a high optical transparency and a good UV resistance (25-30 years), temperature resistance up to 60-80 ° C and still further advantages, but also the disadvantage compared to EVA, that a • ft · ft · ft · ft · ft · ft · * Μ * ·· «· ft ftftft · ftftft ···» ft · · 14 ..............
    Autoclave is required and this is much more expensive in relation to a Vakuumlaminierantage and makes a much higher energy connection value required and that the edge in a PVB lamination more sensitive to water vapor or water 5 compared to an EVA lamination and is somewhat more critical in outdoor use and certain design principles must be considered. In the case of a PVB. Lamination, for example, the glass panes are selected somewhat larger than the metal sheets with, for example, a glass supernatant (24). 10
    Another important criterion is the different coefficients of thermal expansion of the materials used. 15 A threaded bolt or a threaded nut or a bushing or a hook or an eyelet can be used as fastening means (8). The fastening means (8) are preferably made of a stainless steel which is suitable for the arc stud welding and has a so-called firing tip and thus welded to the metal sheet (4) by the arc stud welding process with 20 tip ignition with a welding operation in the range of about 1 msec to 3 msec can be.
    When using 1.0 to 3.0 mm thick steel sheets (4) of quality 1.4510 with aT (2o-iocrc) of 10.0 lO ^ / K or 25 1.4520 with ai (2o-ooo * o of 10.4 10 '6 / K or 1.4521 with ατ (2ο-ιο · θ) of 10.4 lO ^ / K or 1.4512 with ατ (2ο-ιοο * ο of 10.5 lO ^ / K or 1.4509 with ατ < 2O- ιοο ·θ) of 11.01 o ^ / K or 1.4462 with ατ (2ο-ιοο * ο) of 13.0 10 ^ / Κ and the like stainless steel sheet qualities 30 can thus M6 and M8 bolts without visible change of the metal surface to Haftverbundfoiie (3 In principle, cost-effective 1.4301 stainless steel sheets with an aT (2o-ioo " C) of 16.0 10'6 / K can also be used, whereby due to the somewhat large thermal expansion coefficient difference to glass, the maximum ··· ♦ * «·· *« * # * «·· < · · · ♦» · f · · * * * Μ · * * · «* ··· * ··« «* · »V φ φ * | g ** ·· ** ··· * ·» * 4
    Size must be respected and possibly a relatively thick permanently elastic polymeric adhesive film (3) must be used and of course must be paid attention to the required rust resistance. If the rust resistance is high, V4A stainless steel grades with molybdenum (MO) addition are required.
    In FIGS. 9 and 10 it is shown that during the welding process with, for example, a gap stud welding gun, a fastening means (8), for example an M8 threaded stud, with an approximately 9 mm diameter flange projection of approximately 1 mm in height and a central firing tip of approximately 0.7 mm to 1.0 mm in diameter and 0.7 mm to 1.0 mm in height pushed into the stud holder of the stud welding gun. Then the gun is placed vertically with all feet (electrical contact elements) on the metal sheet (4). When triggering the welding process, the threaded bolt is lifted by a solenoid against a compression spring by 1 mm to 5 mm. The higher the lift, the shorter the welding time. When the end position is reached, the solenoid is switched off and the welding current is switched on. The threaded bolt with the firing tip is accelerated by the compression spring in the direction of sheet metal surface. Upon impact of the firing tip on the sheet metal surface, a large discharge current flows, whereby the firing tip evaporates and an arc builds up, which melts the entire end face of the threaded bolt and an approximately equal point on the metal sheet. The melted face of the threaded bolt dives into the molten metal sheet surface and the arc goes out and the melt solidifies. This welding process takes about 1 to 3 msec and the gap stud welding gun can be pulled off vertically.
    To avoid traces of smoke and traces of scorch, the metal sheet (4) can be wetted with soapy water in the area of the weld.
    As an alternative to this gap stud welding, contact stud welding can also be carried out, with the choice of gap stud welding being used to determine the duration and thermal load of the stud. Φ · · · · · · · «* * · * · ι ·» * * * * * · «» «♦ ··· * · ·« * 16 ..............
    Metal sheet i.a, can be kept shorter and so the entire laminate composite can be thermally better protected.
    The metal sheet-side agraffe (9) is understood to mean that element which is connected to the metal sheet (4) by the fastening means (8) and in FIG. 1 by a threaded bolt (8). Usually, non-visible fasteners are referred to, for example, in ventilated façade panels with Agraffe. Clasps can have very different shapes and are usually made of aluminum or aluminum alloys.
    Since aluminum and aluminum alloys have a coefficient of thermal expansion ατ (between 20 ° C and 100 ° C) of about 24 x 10 " ® / K and a common float glass only 9 x 10 " ® / K and a suitable steel sheet in the range 10 x 10 ^ / K, an Agraffe (9) can only be used piecewise and can be hung in a suspension rail (10), taking care of the different thermal expansion coefficients. The clasps (9) usually have elements for height adjustment (13) and for fixing (14). These elements (13, 14) are sketched only schematically and by way of example and must be designed with the appropriate size of the glass-metal facade composite panel (1) to the appropriate weight. The piecewise metal-side Agraffe (9) is located directly on the back of the metal sheet (4). This results in little or no tilting moment on the fastening means (8).
    The suspension rail (10) is further connected via schematically illustrated facade fastening elements (15) with the wall (16). The manner of attachment can be realized in a variety of different designs and will usually be adapted to the local structural conditions. Attention is paid to a long-term secure attachment in compliance with building codes and at the same time a quick installation must be possible and the adjustability with respect to wall distance and x-y position or the Winkeligkett must be quickly and permanently possible. 17 17 ···· ··· «· * ·« »···
    In the schematic representation in Figure 1, a structurally identical Agraffe (9) and rail (10) is shown. This has the advantage that only one drawing tool for both profiles (9, 10) is needed.
    2 shows a schematic section through the edge region of a glass-metal facade composite panel (1) with a not yet welded fastening means (8). In this training will be a
    Threaded stud (8) with an M8 thread and an approximately 9 mm diameter flange projection (21) of approximately 1 mm in height and a central firing tip (22) of approximately 0.7 mm to 1.0 mm in diameter and 0.7 mm to 1, 0 mm height used in the middle in the face of the threaded bolt (23).
    The metal sheet bend (11) is exemplified to over 2/3 of the thickness of the glass sheet (2) is formed and is connected in this area by the permanently elastic polymeric adhesive film (3) with the glass (2) and serves a certain security in terms of mechanical load transfer.
    The sheet metal bend (11) may be formed over the entire lower edge or only piecemeal.
    FIG. 3 shows a schematic view of four exemplarily arranged glass-metal cladding panels (1) each having a different number of fastening means (8, 18, 19, 20) per clasp (9). By the number of two or three or four fastening means (8, 18, 19, 20) per Agraffe (9) smaller diameter of the fastening means can be used and the security can be increased. Due to the close spacing (18, 19, 20) of the fastening means (8), the different thermal expansion coefficient between the aluminum or the aluminum alloy of a single Agraffe and the metal sheet (4) is not a problem and the individual clasps (9) very close to each other be positioned and fastened in line. • ♦ ♦ «+ ··« • · ··· «•« t · • ♦ · · · »* 18 ..............
    4 shows a schematic section through the edge region of a glass-metal composite facade panel (1) with a welded fastening means (8) and a load-bearing L-element (25). The attachment of this L-element (25) is effected, for example, by the fastening system (28) and may be formed piecewise or over the entire lower edge. The visible from the sunny side (5) edge of the L-element (25) is preferably formed black or dark and is perceived so hardly visually disturbing. The space between the glass sheet (2) and the L element (25) can be filled with a permanently elastic polymeric element (26), for example based on a two-component silicone or PVB or EVA or EVM or PU / TPU and the like permanently elastic polymers.
    FIG. 5 shows a schematic section through the edge region of a glass-metal facade composite panel (1) with a welded fastening means (8) and a load-bearing U-element (27). The attachment of this U-element (27), for example, by the fastening system (28). The U-element (27) engages in a so-called glass agraffe (29). This is understood to mean a circular segment-shaped grinding into an edge region of the glass pane (2). Such elements (27, 28, 29) can be arranged several times on the lower edge of the glass-metal facade composite panel (1) and can also be formed on the edge or on the upper edge. The space between the U-element (27) and the glass clasp (29) can be filled with a permanently elastic polymeric element (26), for example based on a two-component silicone or PVB or EVA or EVM or PU / TPU and the like permanently elastic polymers.
    FIG. 6 shows a schematic plan view of the edge region of a glass-metal composite facade panel (1) with a load-bearing U-element (27) and the circular segment-shaped cut in the edge region of the glass pane (2). In principle, the cut can also be formed rectangularly with corresponding radii and can be formed, for example, over the entire glass edge and the load-transferring or securing U- ···················································································· . »·· * ··» ·· · 19 ..............
    Element (27) may be formed piecewise or guided over the entire length of the glass edge.
    FIG. 7 shows the assembly drawing of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, where it can be seen that the metal sheet-side agraffe 9 engages with a vertical and inwardly directed leg via an associated shoulder of the suspension rail 10 arranged on the facade side and that the height adjustment via an adjusting screw 30 between the Agraffe 8 and the facade-side Einhängeschiene 10 takes place. Further, Figure 7 shows that for fixing the connection, a fixing screw 31 is provided, which is screwed into an associated threaded bore 14 (see Figure 1) in the clasp 9 and is supported with its bolt-side end to a vertical portion of the facade-side suspension rail 10 and there determines.
    The fastening of the facade-side suspension rail 10 takes place in the illustrated embodiment via a dowel screw, which is generally shown as a facade fastening 15 in Figure 7.
    In contrast, FIG. 1 shows a facade fastening which is detachably formed by means of screws, with two angled L-profiles being connected to one another via a screw connection.
    The type and design of the attachment of the facade-side suspension rail 10 on the facade 16 can therefore be changed within wide limits.
    FIG. 7 shows the advantage of the solution according to the invention, namely that the punctiform, bolt-like fastening means 8 can be welded over a large area on the rear side of the metal sheet 4 at arbitrary intervals so that a favorable, large-area connection of the metal sheet 4 to the facade 16 can take place. In the prior art only marginal connections between the metal sheet 4 and the facade 16 were respectively shown, which is associated with a much poorer load transfer. • ·· *
    Due to the large-scale load transfer via any arranged on the back of the metal sheet 4 fasteners 8, which are releasably or firmly connected with associated clasps 9 results in accordance with the advantage that high loads and bending moments over a number of vertically superimposed and a mutual Distance from each other engaging attachment points can be conveniently transferred to the facade 16.
    FIG. 8 shows the rear view of the illustration in FIG. 7, where it can be seen that the staples 9, which are each spaced apart in a horizontal line from one another and are connected to the bolt-like fastening means 8, are each suspended in a suspension rail 10 and there via the said Screws 30, 31 are adjustable and fixable.
    FIG. 9 shows a preferred embodiment of a stud welding gun used according to the invention. This system works on the capacitor discharge principle. The bolt-like fastening means 8 are welded according to the invention via a tip ignition with the back of the metal sheet 4.
    To provide the required energy, a capacitor bank is charged via a control loop. The welding current is then activated via a power thyristor. About the stud welding gun, the bolt-like fasteners 8, the electrically conductive metal sheet 4 and the ground cable, the electrical circuit is closed.
    FIG. 10 illustrates the welding process with the gap welding gun for tip-to-pin welding shown in FIG. Due to the short welding time (compared to the contact welding process), such a stud welding gun is suitable for welding very thin-walled workpieces and allows aluminum welding without protective gas. With the appropriate settings, not only aluminum but also all other materials can be welded. 21 21 · «· Φ φ · Φ I · ··· · φφφφ φ φ • φφφ • φ φ φφφ φφφφ φφφφ Φ • • φ φ • * φφφ φ • φ ♦ φ • ♦ · φ φ · Φφφ φφ
    FIG. 10 shows the time sequence of a threaded bolt 38 having a gap 42.
    First, the threaded bolt 38 is pushed into the stud holder of the welding gun 34. Then, the welding gun 34 is placed with all gun feet 37 on the metal sheet 4. By pressing the start button 39 is the
    Threaded bolt 38 lifted from a solenoid (against a compression spring). This is shown in Figure 10 on the second figure from the left.
    Upon reaching the end position of the solenoid is switched off and the
    Welding current switched on. The threaded bolt 38 is now of the
    Compressive spring accelerates in the direction of the metal sheet 4. Upon impact of the firing tip 22 on the surface of the metal sheet 4, a large discharge current flows. As a result, the firing tip evaporates and it builds up
    Arc, which melts the end face of the threaded bolt 38 and an approximately equal point to the workpiece (sheet metal 4). Subsequently, the threaded bolt 38 dips into the melt 43, the arc extinguished and solidifies the molten bath. This welding process takes about 1 to 3 ns. Immediately thereafter, the gun can be withdrawn vertically and refitted.
    The higher the lift of Figure 10 in the second image from the left, the greater the welding time. The lift can be infinitely adjusted from 0 to 5 mm. The wall thickness of the metal sheet 4 may be at least 0.5 mm to ensure proper welding.
    In this embodiment can be dispensed with a protective gas, because the welding time is so short that there is no danger that the weld oxidized during the short welding time.
    Instead of a threaded bolt 38, which is shown in the embodiment of Figure 9 and 10, other welding elements (welding studs) can be used, such. B. Female threaded bushes, pins, and other fasteners. * * * * * * For the various types of bolt-like welding elements and materials. All welding elements should have a firing tip 22. 23 • 4 • • • • • • • • • • •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
    Drawing guide 1. Composite panel 5 2. Glass panel 3. Adhesive composite sheet 4. Metal sheet 5. Sun (Facade outer side) 6. Coating (outside) 10 7. Coating (inside) 8. Fastener 9. Agraffe (angle profile piece) 10. Hooking rail H. Angle 15 12.Dispatching 13. Threaded hole (for 30) 14. Tapped hole (for 31) 15. Facade fixing 16. Facade (wall) 20 17. Welding point 18. Fasteners (like 8) 19. Fasteners (like 8) 20. Fasteners (like 8) 21. Flange attachment (from 8) 25 22. Firing tip 23. End surface 24. Glass projection 25. Load-bearing element (angle profile) 26. Permanently elastic element 30 27. Load-bearing element (angle profile) 28. Fasteners 29. Glass agraff 30. Adjusting screw (for 13) 31. Fixing screw (for 14) 24 1 32. Nut (from 8) 33. Washer (from 8) 34. Welding gun 35. Power line 5 36. Control cable 37. Pistol foot 38. Threaded bolt 39. Start button 40. Arrow direction 10 41. arrow direction 42. gap 43. melt ze
    权利要求:
    Claims (26)
    [1]
    25

    1. glass-metal facade composite panel (1) with a glass pane (2), the back 5 is connected by a permanently elastic polymeric adhesive film (3) with a metal sheet (4) on the punctiform and at a distance from a plurality of fastening means ( 8, 18-20) are welded, which form the load-transmitting connection to the facade (16), characterized in that the punctiform fastening means (8, 18-20) on 10 approximately the entire surface of the glass sheet (2) on the metal sheet (4 ) are distributed.
    [2]
    2. Glass-metal facade composite panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal sheet (4) is completely glued to the back of the glass pane (2) via the adhesive composite film (3)
    [3]
    3. Glass-metal facade composite panel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fastening means (8, 18-20) are formed as studs and with the one end side punctiform on the inner surface 20 of the metal sheet (4) are welded.
    [4]
    4. Glass-metal facade composite panel according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the permanently elastic polymeric adhesive film consists of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) or polyurethane (PU or TPU) or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers (EVA) or EVM.
    [5]
    5. glass-metali composite facade panel according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the polymeric adhesive film preferably has a thickness of 0.38 mm, 0.76 mm, 1.14 mm and 1.52 mm and that at 30 larger areas and / or thicker steel sheets, the adhesive film has a thickness in the range between 1.14 mm and 1.52 mm.
    [6]
    6. glass-metal facade composite panel according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the metal sheet of a stainless steel sheet 26 «♦ • ·

    and that the punctiform attachment means is welded to the end face on the metal sheet via a spark plug arc welding with a tip ignition.
    [7]
    7. glass-metal facade composite panel according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the metal sheet has a thickness of 0.3 to 3.0 mm, in particular 0.5 to 2.0 mm and most preferably 0.8 to 1 , 5 mm thick.
    [8]
    8. glass-metal facade composite panel according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the punctiform fastening means (8, 18-20) are connected to an angle profile-shaped Agraffe (9), and that at least two clasps (9) in at least two mounted on the facade side hanging rails (10) are mounted.
    [9]
    9. glass-metali-facade composite panel according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the metal sheet is brushed or polished on the side of the glass sheet or formed generally with a chemical or mechanical or laser-technical surface treatment or surface structuring or surface embossing ,
    [10]
    10. glass-metal facade composite panel according to claim any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the glass sheet of float glass (soda-lime glass) or solar glass (glass with low iron content or less green color) is formed and thermally toughened a Einscheiben Safety glass (ESG) or an externally monitored hot-tempered toughened safety glass ESG-H is or a partially tempered glass (TVG) is formed and edge edged.
    [11]
    11. glass-metal facade composite panel according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the glass sheet coated on one or both sides by means of roller coating or curtain coating or knife coating or by screen printing or inkjet printing is designed graphically and after a predrying 27 of the curing process together with the ESG or TVG process at about 600 to 650 ° C, typically 620 ° C to 630 ° C, takes place.
    [12]
    12. Glass-metal facade composite panel according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the glass pane is provided on level one, so the outside and / or on level 2, the inside of the glass, with a translucent graphic design.
    [13]
    13. Glass-metal facade composite panel according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the metal sheet is at least partially angled on the lower side such that the glass is supported at least greater than 60% of the glass sheet thickness and the permanently elastic polymeric adhesive film also is arranged in this angled sheet metal part.
    [14]
    14. Glass-metal facade composite panel according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the glass pane (2) in the lower region at least piecewise or over the entire width by an L-element (25) with fastening means (28) to the metal sheet ( 4) is secured load-bearing.
    [15]
    15. glass-metal facade composite panel according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the glass pane (2) in the lower area at least piecewise or over the entire width by a U-element (27) with fastening means (28) to the metal sheet ( 4) and a Glaseinschliff (29) in the form of a glass Agraffe is secured load-bearing.
    [16]
    16. glass-metal facade composite panel according to Ansprüchl to 15, characterized in that the glass pane is designed as a photovoltaic module.
    [17]
    17. Glass-metal facade composite panel according to claim 1 to 16, characterized in that the fastening means is a threaded bolt or a threaded nut or a bush or a hook or an eyelet and having a firing tip. 28 «·« Φ · ·
    [18]
    18. A method for producing a glass-metal composite facade panel (1) with a thicker glass sheet (2), which is connected by a permanently elastic polymeric adhesive film (3) with a thinner sheet metal (4) on the punctiform and at a distance a plurality are welded by fastening means (8, 18-20), which form the load-transmitting connection to the facade (16), characterized in that the stud bolts formed as fastening means (8, 18-20) by means of an arc stud welding punctiform welded to the metal sheet (4) become.
    [19]
    19. A method for producing a glass-metal composite facade panel according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the attachment of the fastening means is carried out on the metal sheet by means of arc stud welding after lamination to the glass-metal facade composite panel.
    [20]
    20. A method for producing a glass-metal facade composite panel according to any one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the fastening means takes place on the metal sheet by means of arc stud welding prior to lamination to the glass-metal facade composite panel.
    [21]
    21. A method for producing a glass-metal facade composite panel, characterized in that on the metal sheet (4) shortly adjacent a plurality of fastening means (8, 18, 19, 20) are welded and this plurality of fastening means with a Agraffe (9) be connected and the distance between the fastening means (8) with each other is chosen such that in conjunction with the type of attachment of the agraffe (9) differences in the thermal expansion of the metal sheet (4) and the agraffe (9) made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy cause no thermally induced moments on the welds (17). 29 29 «· * ·« «• · a · # · • · * + ·· ··« · ea # «* * * ttaa *» * · · ata af * * · · «* * # · ·· · · ·
    [22]
    22. A method for producing a glass-metal composite facade panel according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the plurality of individual clasps (9) metal sheet side are mounted so that they are linearly mounted in series with close position tolerance and a fine adjustment device (13) and having a laterally operable fixing device (14).
    [23]
    23. A method for producing a glass-metal composite facade panel (1) according to one of claims 1 to 22, wherein the sandwich of glass (2) and permanently elastic polymeric adhesive composite film (3) and metal sheet (4) are adhesively bonded in a prelaminator and in an autoclave under pressure and temperature influence luftblasenfei be connected to each other or be connected together in a vacuum laminator luftblasenfei.
    [24]
    24. A method for producing a glass-metal composite facade panel (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 23, wherein the fastening means (8) are welded to the metal sheet (4) by means of arc stud welding after lamination and due to the short welding time, in particular under application the tip ignition of about 1 to 3 msec caused no damage to the adhesive bond between the metal sheet (4) and the permanently elastic polymeric adhesive film (3) and the glass sheet (2) and further when using a transparent and uncoated or unprinted glass, no optically visible and thus disturbing Effects are to be recognized.
    [25]
    25. A method for producing a Gias-metal façade composite panel (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 24, wherein the fastening means (8) on the metal sheet (4) by means of arc stud welding before lamination to the glass-metal facade composite panel (1) and the pre-lamination takes place with the aid of a compensating plate with recesses for the fastening means. 30
    [26]
    26. Application of a glass-metal facade composite panel (1) produced according to one of claims 1 to 25 as a facade element without aesthetically disturbing visible fastening means between the individual glass-metal facade composite panels (1) and with the possibility of cost and time-saving assembly in Form of hanging and lateral fixation and with the possibility of aesthetic color and graphic design and long life.
    类似技术:
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    DE19815969A1|1999-10-21|Transparent thermal insulation structure for building facades etc.
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    AT512847B1|2015-10-15|
    DE102012008969A1|2013-11-07|
    AT512847A3|2014-07-15|
    CH706525A2|2013-11-15|
    引用文献:
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    DE29602315U1|1995-02-20|1997-07-03|Arnold Glaswerke|Glass composite panel for fixed and / or movable panes in building construction|
    DE19749775C2|1997-11-11|2002-02-21|Arnold Glaswerke|Window or door sash|
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    法律状态:
    2018-12-15| MM01| Lapse because of not paying annual fees|Effective date: 20180425 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE201210008969|DE102012008969A1|2012-05-03|2012-05-03|Glass-metal facade composite panel for building, has point-like fastening units that are fixedly and approximately distributed on metal plate reaching whole surface of glass pane|
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