• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a method for generating energy from organics-containing waste (1). For storage of a carbonaceous product and gaseous energy in a tank (10) and / or direct energy transfer to a power / heat coupling (11), the organics-containing wastes (1) are subjected to a measurement in pre-shredded form in order to avoid any possible mixing of carbonaceous and / or or siliceous material (3) to ensure that the ratio of carbonaceous to siliceous material is about 90% to about 10% in the waste to be processed, further reducing the organic waste (1) (2) and containing additional siliceous materials (3) 4a), then compacting (6a) the comminuted waste mixture, heating (6b) the mixture and separating (6c) thereof, followed by the gaseous substances subsequently obtained a tank (10) and / or a combined heat and power (11) are supplied while the recovered solids undergo separation (12) of silicate from carbonaceous materials and the recovered carbonaceous materials are stored as the final product (13).
    公开号:AT512330A1
    申请号:T1860/2011
    申请日:2011-12-21
    公开日:2013-07-15
    发明作者:
    申请人:Commerzialbank Mattersburg Burgenland Ag；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    P43975
    Process for energy recovery from organic waste
    The present invention relates to a process for the production of energy from organics containing wastes.
    DE 10 2007 006 137 A1 discloses a mixed product of organic and inorganic particulate substances and / or substance mixtures which together form a substantially homogeneous matrix. With the aid of an additive, the possible properties of a final product can be calculated in advance or lead to the formation of crystal structures with high specific internal surface area and fulfill various targeted functions, such as e.g. Energy carriers or substances for energy conversion, porosity agents, structuring agents, reducing agents and / or filter material.
    The invention has set itself the goal of providing a method for generating energy from organics containing waste by which a carbonaceous product in solid and gaseous form is provided to a tank for storage and / or directly a power / heat coupling to the drive.
    This object is achieved according to the invention by a) subjecting the organics-containing waste substances in pre-shredded form to a measurement to identify the ingredients and to determine the ratio of the proportion of carbonaceous material and the proportion of siliceous material in order to obtain by admixing carbonaceous and / or or silicate material to ensure that the ratio of carbonaceous to siliceous material is about 90% to about 10% in the waste materials to be processed, b) in a further process sequence an ongoing measurement of the proportions of carbonaceous material and silicate material is carried out, c) the organics-containing waste materials further comminuted and mixed with additional skeleton silicate-containing materials with continued comminution down to the μ-range, d) compacts of the comminuted waste mixture with the addition of phyllosilicates, heating the Mis chung and separating them into individual solid, liquid and gaseous phases in vacuo, whereupon the remaining solids are mixed with further added phyllosilicates and pelletized, e) the pellets produced are subjected to pyrolysis, and f) the gaseous substances thus obtained a Tank and / or Kraflt- / heat coupling are fed while the recovered solids undergo a separation of silicic carbonaceous materials, the carbonaceous materials obtained therefrom are stored as the final product.
    The advantage of the present invention, compared to conventional methods, is that waste that is currently unavailable or difficult to process can be treated in an energy recovery system in order to obtain high-quality products such as metals, silicates and carbon or carbon compounds.
    By "organics-containing wastes" is meant, for example, household waste, industrial waste, sewage sludge, paper scraps and the like containing any kind of organic material or biological residues such as paper, wood, textiles, plastics, etc. The proportion of organic materials in the individual usable waste in household waste with 6000 - 12000 kg Joule 70 - 90%, in industrial waste with 15000 - 36000 kg Joule 50 - 90%, in sewage sludge with 1000 - 5000 kg Joule 80 - 95% and at Paper trapping media with 2000 - 8000 kgJoule 75 - 95%, whereby at least 40% of organic materials are necessary.
    By "siliceous materials" with which the waste materials are mixed are, for example, skeletal silicates, siliceous rocks, e.g. various granitic rocks, volcanics, quartz sand, rubble and the like. To understand.
    The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to FIG. 1, which shows a flow diagram according to the invention of a method for obtaining energy.
    The organics-containing wastes 1, which serve as input energy, are pre-shredded and subjected to a measurement of ingredients to identify the ingredients and a determination of the ratio of the carbonaceous material content and the silicate material content. The rejection substances used as starting material should be such that the ratio of carbonaceous to silicate material therein is about 90% to about 10%. If values other than this ratio are found, carbonaceous and / or silicate material must be added until the carbonaceous and siliceous material in the waste to be processed is in the ratio 9: 1. It should be noted that the individual components of the materials used are subject to an ongoing measurement 5 throughout the process. Thereafter, in a second comminution step, a higher fineness, preferably down to the μ range, is achieved with the addition and mixing 4a of skeletal silicates and / or silicate rock flour 3 as additives. The additives, for example, building rubble, have a higher degree of hardness than the waste materials and thus act as abrasives, whereby further comminution 4b results in a fine-grained mixed product of inorganic and organic substances. The additives, which may advantageously be silicatic fines from the blast furnace, are used with a part size of 0.001 to 3 mm, wherein the proportion of substances with a part size of less than 50 μιη is about 40%.
    Further fine grinding reduces the individual parts of the respective substance mixture to a size of less than or equal to 50 gm. The proportion of substances with 3 mm Feinkomgröße, i. with a diameter greater than 3 mm, approximately 5%, and the proportion of materials with a 1 mm fine grain size of approximately 8%, the remainder having a fine grain size of less than 1 mm, the majority having a size of less than 100 gm. This finely divided ratio is relevant for the stabilization of the mixture or the framework construction.
    In the course of the ongoing monitoring of the process flow, a measurement of the composition or identification of the individual components 5 of the prepared, comminuted or ground mixture via powder diffractogram is carried out to allow targeted compacting 6a, heating 6b and subsequent separation 6c of the individual components in the subsequent process step. Essentially, various measurements are made thereby obtaining the following data: - the fineness of the grinding, - the distribution index, - the weight, - the humidity, - the pH.
    The elemental composition of the processed raw material is continuously determined by X-ray fluorescence analysis (RFA), in particular the carbon content is determined.
    These determined data enter into a process computer and are compared with task- or material-dependent values, whereby a targeted compaction 6a, heating 6b and subsequent separation 6c of the individual components is possible, where appropriate, aggregates of phyllosilicates 7a, such as clay with at least 50% iron must be added. Iron-rich or iron-like cation-containing phyllosilicates, preferably from the group of (mafic) clay minerals, chlorites, smectites, illites and the like, are preferably used here. The compacting 6a is dependent on the moisture, the temperature, the CCV content and the phyllosilicate content, in which case formed CO2 serves as the pressure medium.
    The mixture of waste materials is compacted in a pre-chamber under pressure 6a, the prechamber further comprising a hydrocyclone-like chamber in which by heating 6b a separation 6c of metals (heavy metals), silicates and carbonaceous materials by specific gravity, the melting point and the Conductivity takes place. In other words, a separation 6c takes place, analogous to that in a centrifuge, since the particles formed in the heating 6b or by oxidation, for which the CO.sub.2 gas present is used, move outwardly by a rotational movement, whereby a mechanical separation using centrifugal force. This happens depending on the substances, usually at 40 ° C to 850 ° C, the substances are in the hydrocyclone-like chamber in a vacuum. It should be noted that among the particulate matter having a specific gravity (weight) of < 0.09 N / m3 (weight to volume) a residual silicate content of 1.4 to 1.7%, but no more than 5%, remains. The resulting gaseous phase is provided directly to a tank 10 and / or a power / heat coupling 11.
    By compacting 6a under self-humidity of the mixture, the particle size of the mixture of waste materials and added silicate material is designed so that the spaces between the compacted particles ensure heat input. «· ♦ ·· ♦ · ·»
    I Γ
    The size of the particles or their density thus determines the oxidation process and the reaction time, wherein the oxidizing agent used is preferably oils for the formation of the oxygen. In general, the larger the particles, the longer the oxidation process and reaction time will take. The volume ratio of compacted mass to the spaces is usually about 2 to 3.
    The mode of operation of the hydrocyclone-like chamber, for separating the individual components of the compacted mass, takes place substantially analogously to that of a centrifuge. As the particles in the chamber move outward, the particles are sorted by specific gravity. Depending on the respective specific weight, the particles entrained by a stream flow out in the edge region of the chamber at precisely defined exit points, whereby an exact separation of the individual components takes place. The bulk carrier is usually enriched CC> 2 gas to minimize heat loss during the process.
    The separation 6 c of the total mass of the raw material produced takes place under exclusion of air, by a discharge by means of vacuum pump on the specific gravity, which promotes the material in closed silos, with a separation into a pure carbon-containing component and a pure silicate component takes place
    In the transition from the antechamber to a main chamber, the solids fine-grained phyllosilicates 7b, such as clay (s) or clay mineral material as a binder, admixed or mixed with 8a, the solid in turn, a content of carbonaceous material of about 90% and a reach or should have such on silicate material of about 10%, to produce by pelleting 8b pellets. The fine grained sheet silicates 7b are, for example, clay minerals or clay mineral rich materials, such as e.g. Kaolin, montmorillonite or bentonite. In this case, the layer silicates 7b have a binding action only in the moist state, preferably at a moisture content of about 15 to 25%. Moreover, the layer silicates 7b support the separation of the individual components.
    The aim of pelletization 8b is to ensure the conveyance of the solids, for which purpose the solids must have precisely defined particle size, particle content and moisture.
    In the main chamber, the present in the form of pellets mixture of pyrolysis 9 is usually subjected to 600 ° C to 800 ° C, whereby a phase separation and thus a splitting of the gaseous and solid substances, by their different density, with exclusion of air.
    As a rule, the separation takes place by means of a hydrocyclone which receives the process material from the reactor via a vacuum pump. As a stream carrier CC > 2 gases are preferably used, which ensure a high energy balance. The energy is not blown into the chimney in this process and is lost, but is used effectively process. Another advantage is that the carbon compounds in the gas mixture via a heat exchanger deliver the energy targeted and thus be used directly. Basically, there are other separation options, such as vibrating table or upstream classifier, but all separation options always have to be done under exclusion of air.
    The separated gaseous and solid substances are then further processed separately. The remaining gaseous materials are fed to the tank 10 or the power coupling 11, while the remaining solids are separated into siliceous and carbonaceous materials using different densities, the silicate material being transferred to the first stage of mixing 4a and shredding 4b of the wastes 1 can be recycled and stored the carbonaceous portion as a product 13 or directly the power heat coupling 11 is supplied.
    The remaining residue forms a reusable silicate binder, which can be recycled and used as a framework silicate in the comminution 4b of the organics containing waste 1.
    In further embodiments of the invention, various individual process steps may be omitted and in part replaced by comparable ones, the basic objective of energy production is not affected thereby.
    权利要求:
    Claims (5)
    [1]
    . **. · · *. **. ·: * · Ρ43975 • t ····························································································································································································································· for generating energy from organics containing wastes (1), characterized in that a) the organics containing waste (1) are subjected to a pre-crushed form of a measurement to identify the ingredients and a determination of the ratio of carbonaceous material content and silicate material content by mixing in carbonaceous and / or silicate material (3), if necessary, to ensure that the ratio of carbonaceous to silicate material is about 90% to about 10% in the waste materials to be further processed. b) in further process sequence, continuously measuring the proportions (5) of carbonaceous material and silicate material is carried out, c) the organic waste (1) further comminuted (2) and with additional g d) compaction (6a) of the comminuted waste mixture with the addition of layered silicates (7a), heating (6b) of the mixture and separation (6c) of the silicate-containing materials (3) with continued comminution (4b) ) thereof into individual solid, liquid and gaseous phases in vacuo, whereupon the remaining solids are mixed with further added phyllosilicates (7b) (8a) and pelletized (8b), e) the pellets produced are subjected to pyrolysis (9) , and f) the gaseous substances thus obtained are fed to a tank (10) and / or a power / heat coupling (11), while the recovered solids undergo a separation (12) of silicon-containing materials, the carbonaceous materials obtained therefrom End product (13) are stored.
    [2]
    2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the measurement of the individual components (5) takes place by means of powder diffractogram.
    [3]
    3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the separation (12) of the silicate obtained from the carbonaceous material silicate-containing materials in step a) are recycled.

    8 · · · * · * j
    [4]
    4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the gaseous substances obtained by the separation (6c) in stage b), optionally together with the gaseous substances obtained in stage c), the tank (10) and / or the force / Heat coupling (Π) zugefuhrt be.
    [5]
    5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the separation (6c) in step b) of the solid, liquid and gaseous substances takes place via a rotational movement.
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    同族专利:
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    法律状态:
    2019-08-15| MM01| Lapse because of not paying annual fees|Effective date: 20181221 |
    优先权:
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