• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a device for pretreating and subsequently conveying or plasticizing plastics with a container (1) having a mixing and / or comminution tool (3) rotatable about an axis of rotation (10), wherein an opening (8) is provided in a side wall (9) ) is formed, through which the plastic material can be carried out, wherein a conveyor (5) is provided, with a in a housing (16) rotating screw (6). The invention is characterized in that the imaginary extension of the longitudinal axis (15) of the conveyor (5) against the conveying direction (17) on the axis of rotation (10) passes, wherein the longitudinal axis (15) on the outlet side to the longitudinal axis (15) parallel radials (11) is offset by a distance (18), and that the active container volume (SV) to the feed volume (BV) of the container or cutter compactor (1) in a ratio (V) with V = SV / BV, where 4 < V <30, wherein the active tank volume (SV) is defined by the formula SV = D3 and D corresponds to the inner diameter of the tank (1), and wherein the charging volume (BV) is determined by the formula BV = D2 - H, where H the height of the intake opening (80) corresponds.
    公开号:AT512222A1
    申请号:T1510/2011
    申请日:2011-10-14
    公开日:2013-06-15
    发明作者:
    申请人:Erema；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    16407/1 / BS
    Device for processing plastic material
    The invention relates to a device according to the preamble of claim 1.
    Numerous similar devices of various types are known in the prior art, comprising a receptacle or cutting compactor for comminuting, heating, softening and processing a plastic material to be recycled and a conveyor or extruder connected thereto for melting the material prepared in this way. The aim is to obtain a high quality end product, usually in the form of granules.
    Thus, for example, in EP 123 771 or EP 303 929 devices are described with a receptacle and an extruder connected thereto, wherein the plastic material supplied to the receptacle crushed by rotating the crushing and mixing tools and brought into thrombus circulation and heated simultaneously by the introduced energy , This forms a mixture with sufficiently good thermal homogeneity. This mixture is discharged after appropriate residence time from the receptacle in the screw extruder, promoted and thereby plasticized or melted. The screw extruder is arranged approximately at the height of the crushing tools. In this way, the softened plastic particles are actively pressed or stuffed by the mixing tools into the extruder.
    Most of these long-known constructions are not satisfactory in view of the quality of the machined plastic material obtained at the exit of the screw and / or with regard to the ejection of the screw. Investigations have shown that the requirements of the screw following the container, usually a plasticizing screw, are unequal in the course of operation and that this is due to the fact that individual portions of the material to be processed in the container linger longer than other lots. The mean residence time of the material in the container is calculated from the filling weight in the container divided by the discharge of the screw per unit time, but this average residence time is - as mentioned - usually not given for large parts of the material to be processed, but it is irregular significant deviations from this average up and down. These deviations may be due to the different nature of the voids gradually introduced into the container, e.g. different nature or different thickness of Kunststoffmatehaies, e.g. Film residues etc "but also by uncontrollable randomness. For thermally and mechanically homogeneous material is usually a quality improvement of the material obtained at the exit of the screw, if the flight depth of Meteringszone the screw is very large and the screw speed is kept very low. However, if emphasis is placed on increasing the output of the screw or improving the performance of, for example, a shredder-extruder combination, then the screw speed must be increased, which means that the shear is also increased. As a result, however, the processed material is subjected to higher mechanical and thermal stresses by the screw, that is to say that there is a risk that the molecular chains of the plastic material will be damaged. A further disadvantage may be increased wear of the screw and its housing, particularly in the processing of recycled material by the contaminants contained in that material, e.g. Abrasive particles, metal parts, etc., which have a strong abrasive effect on the sliding metal parts of the screw or their storage.
    However, both in slow-running and deep-cut screw (large flight depth) as well as in rapidly running screw but affects the already mentioned, different quality of each of the screw feeded material parts, e.g. different floc size and / or different temperature of the plastic material, disadvantageous in terms of inhomogeneities of the plastic material obtained at the screw exit. To compensate for these inhomogeneities, the Temperaturprofrl the extruder is raised in practice, which means that the plastic additional energy must be supplied, which has the mentioned thermal damage to the plastic material and an increased energy demand. In addition, this reduces the viscosity of the plastic material obtained at the extruder outlet, that is, thinner, which causes difficulties in the further processing of this material.
    From this it can be seen that the favorable process parameters for obtaining a good material quality at the screw outlet contradict each other.
    It was first attempted to solve this problem by increasing the diameter of the cutter compactor in proportion to the diameter of the screw. As a result of this enlargement of the container compared to conventional sizes, it has been achieved that the mechanical and thermal homogeneity of the plastic material pretreated in the container has been made uniform. The reason for this was that the mass ratio of the currently added
    ··· · «· Φ ··· unprocessed &quot; cold &quot; Material portions to the existing in the container, already partially processed amount of material was lower compared to the usual conditions present and that the average residence time of the plastic material in the container was substantially increased. This reduction of the mass ratio had a favorable effect on the thermal and mechanical homogeneity of the material entering the screw housing from the container and thus directly on the quality of the plasticized material or agglomerate at the end of the extruder or agglomerating screw, since the screw is already good at least Approximately the same mechanical and thermal homogeneity was supplied and therefore such homogeneity did not have to be achieved only by the screw. The theoretical residence time of the processed plastic material in the container was approximately constant. In addition, the operability of such a system with enlarged container with respect to the accuracy of the task portions was less sensitive than the known systems.
    Such systems were therefore basically well einselzbar and advantageous. Nevertheless, plants with large diameter containers or compactors, e.g. of 1500 mm or more, and longer residence times, despite their good functionality and the high quality of the recycled material, are not optimally space-saving and efficient.
    Furthermore, these plants caused problems in feeding the material and the feed of the screw was sometimes difficult.
    These known devices is further common that the conveying or rotating direction of the mixing and crushing tools and thus the direction in which the material particles circulate in the receptacle, and the conveying direction of the conveyor, in particular an extruder, are substantially the same or in the same direction. This deliberately chosen arrangement was guided by the desire to stuff the material as possible in the snail or force feeding it. This idea of stuffing the particles into the conveying or extruder screw in the screw conveying direction was also quite obvious and corresponded to the usual ideas of the expert, since the particles do not have to reverse their direction of movement and thus no additional force is required for the reversal of direction. In the process, and in the case of further developments, the aim was always to create as high a level of auger filling as possible and to reinforce this stuffing effect. For example, attempts have also been made to conically expand the intake area of the extruder or to curve the shredding tools in a sickle-shaped manner so that they can feed the softened material into the screw in a spatula-like manner. Due to the inlet-side displacement of the extruder from a radial to a tangential position to the container, the Stopfeffekt was further enhanced and the Kunststoffm'atenal from the rotating tool even more promoted or -pressed in the extruder.
    Such devices are basically functional and work satisfactorily, albeit with recurrent problems:
    Thus, for example, with materials having a low energy content, e.g. PET fibers or sheets, or for materials having an early tack or softening point, such as e.g. Polylactic acid (PLA), observed over and over again the effect that the conscious same-sense plugging of the plastic material in the intake area of the extruder or conveyor under pressure to an early melting of the material immediately after or in the intake area of the extruder or the screw leads. As a result, on the one hand, the conveying effect of the screw is reduced, and it can also lead to a partial reflux of this melt in the area of the cutting compressor or receiving container, which means that still unmelted flakes adhere to the melt, thereby cooling the melt again and partially solidifies and forms in this way a schwulstartiges structure or conglomerate of partially solidified melt and solid plastic particles. As a result, the feeder clogged and stick the mixing and crushing tools. As a result, the throughput or discharge of the conveyor or extruder decreases, since there is no longer sufficient filling of the screw. In addition, the mixing and comminution tools can get stuck. As a rule, in such cases, the system must be shut down and completely cleaned.
    Additionally, problems arise with those polymeric materials that have been heated in the cutter compactor to near their melting range. If the catchment area is overfilled, the material melts and the feeder sinks.
    Even with, mostly stretched, stripy, fibrous materials with a certain length extension and a small thickness or stiffness, so for example in cut into strips of plastic films, problems arise. This primarily by the fact that the elongated material adheres to the downstream end of the feed opening of the screw, wherein one end of the strip protrudes into the receptacle and the other end in the catchment area. Since both the mixing tools and the worm run in the same direction or exert the same Förderrichtungs- and pressure component on the material, both ends of the strip in the same direction tensile and pressurized and the strip can not solve. This in turn leads to an accumulation of the material in this area, to a narrowing of the cross section of the intake opening and to a poor intake behavior and subsequently to loss of revenue. In addition, due to the increased feed pressure in • φ φ · φ φ * ►φφφ * • φ • * φ • φφ φ, this region may be melted down, resulting in the problems mentioned in the introduction.
    The voriiegende invention sets itself the task of overcoming the mentioned disadvantages and to improve a device of the type described so that even delicate or strip-like materials easily recovered from the screw and high material quality, space-saving, time-efficient and energy-saving and high Throughput can be processed or treated. Above all, filling the screw should be as free of blockage as possible.
    This object is achieved in a device of the type mentioned by the characterizing features of claim 1.
    It is initially provided that the imaginary extension of the central longitudinal axis of the conveyor, in particular extruder, if this has only a single screw, or the longitudinal axis of the feed opening nearest screw when it has more than one screw, against the conveying direction of the conveyor on the Rotary axis passes without cutting them, wherein the longitudinal axis of the conveyor, if this has a single screw, or the longitudinal axis of the feed opening closest screw downstream to the longitudinal axis parallel, from the axis of rotation of the mixing and / or crushing tool in the conveying direction of the conveyor after outwardly directed radials of the container is offset by a distance.
    Thus, the conveying direction of the mixing tools and the conveying direction of the conveyor is no longer, as known from the prior art, in the same direction, but at least slightly in opposite directions, whereby the initially mentioned Stopfeffekt is reduced. By deliberately reversing the direction of rotation of the mixing and crushing tools compared to previously known devices, the feed pressure on the catchment area decreases and the risk of overfilling is reduced. Excess material is not stuffed or filled in this way with excessive pressure in the catchment area of the conveyor, but on the contrary, excess material is even tending to be removed from there, so that although always sufficient material voriiegt in the catchment area, but almost without pressure or only with low Pressure is applied. In this way, the screw can be filled sufficiently and always enough material to move in without causing it to overfill the screw and subsequently to local pressure peaks, where the material could melt. · ··· ·· · · ## · i
    In this way, the melting of the material in the area of the feeder is prevented, which increases the operational efficiency, lengthens the maintenance intervals and reduces the downtime due to possible repairs and cleaning measures.
    By reducing the feed pressure react slider, with which the degree of filling of the screw can be regulated in a known manner, much more sensitive and the degree of filling of the screw can be adjusted even more accurately. Especially for heavier materials, such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or PET regrind, it is easier to find the optimum operating point of the system.
    In addition, it has proved to be surprisingly advantageous that materials which have already been softened to near melt, are better fed in the counter-rotating operation according to the invention. In particular, when the material is already in doughy or softened state, the screw cuts the material from the doughy ring, which is close to the container wall. In a direction of rotation in the conveying direction of the screw, this ring would rather be pushed further and there could be no scraping by the screw, whereby the indentation would ease. This is avoided by reversing the direction of rotation according to the invention.
    In addition, in the processing of the above-described streaky or fibrous materials, the formed impurities or accumulations are easily solved or are not even formed because of the direction of rotation of the mixing tools downstream or downstream edge of the opening of the direction vector of the mixing tools and the directional vector of the conveyor in almost opposite or at least slightly opposite directions show, making an elongated strip can not bend and impose around this edge, but is carried along by the Mischtrombe in the receptacle again.
    Overall, the inventive design improves the intake behavior and increases the throughput significantly. The overall system of cutter compactor and conveyor is thus more stable and efficient.
    In addition, the Applicant has found through experiments and recognized that there is a relationship between the capacity or the offset from the mixing tool in the form of a Trombe in rotation material and the volume that lies in front of the inlet opening to the screw. This volume lying in front of the inlet opening also depends on the diameter of the screw, since this also determines the manner and the amount of time of the material feed. A relationship was found between the active cutting compressor volume, which depends on the diameter of the cutting compressor, and the amount of material in the container at the level or in the range of ····· is found, which depends on the height of the intake opening and significantly influences the intake behavior. If the specified ratio is maintained, the intake behavior is substantially improved, probably as a result of the particular direction of rotation of the tools with respect to the conveying direction of the screw, and thereby improved introduction of the material from the loading volume located in the container which prevails at the level of the intake opening and represents a specific part of the total amount of material in the container.
    It is expedient if the height H of the intake opening satisfies the formula H = kxd, where d is the mean diameter of the worm measured in the area of the intake opening and ki is a constant with 0.3 <k {&lt; 1.5, preferably 0.5 &lt; &lt; 1.15. This can be used to establish a relationship with the diameter of the screw. It is advantageous if the feed volume of the container or cutting compressor to the screw volume in the region of the intake opening in the ratio VS with VS = BV / SE, wherein 20 &lt; VS &lt; 700, preferably 50 &lt;, VS &lt; 450, is
    wherein the screw volume is defined by the formula SE = L ^ (ldT-T2) and L is the conveying direction extending, effective length of the intake opening and T di © flight depth of the screw.
    In order to relate to the diameter of the screw, it may be provided that L is fixed with the formula L = k2d and k2 is a constant of 0.5 &lt; k2 ύ 3.5, preferably 1 k k2 &lt; 2.8, and / or that T is defined by the formula T = k ^ d, where k3 is a constant of 0.05 &lt; &Lt; 0.25, preferably 0.1 &lt;# 3 &lt; 0.25, in particular 0.1 &lt; &Lt; 0.2, is. Thus, further advantageous relationships could be found that can optimize the intake behavior.
    In order to account for specific materials, it may be provided that the effective length is factored and SE = F-L ~ (ldT-Γ2) where F = 0.9. This factor F takes account of any existing large pitch angle of the screw flights and special materials.
    According to an advantageous development of the invention it is provided that the conveyor is arranged on the receptacle, that the scalar product from the tangential to the circle of the radially outermost point of the mixing and / or crushing tool or to the opening passing plastic material and normal to a radial of the receptacle aligned, pointing in the direction of rotation or movement of the mixing and / or crushing tool
    Direction vector (direction vector of the direction of rotation) and the direction vector of the conveying direction of the conveyor in every single point or in the entire region of the opening or in each single point or in the entire region immediately radially in front of the opening, zero or negative. The area immediately radially in front of the opening is defined as the area in front of the opening at which the material is just before passing through the opening but has not yet passed through the opening. In this way, the advantages mentioned above are achieved and effectively avoided any agglomeration caused by stuffing effects in the region of the intake opening. In particular, it does not depend on the spatial arrangement of the mixing tools and the screw to each other, for example, the axis of rotation must not be aligned normal to the bottom surface or to the longitudinal axis of the conveyor or the screw. The direction vector of the direction of rotation and the direction vector of the conveying direction lie in one, preferably horizontal, plane, or in a plane oriented normal to the axis of rotation.
    A further advantageous embodiment results from the fact that the direction vector of the direction of rotation of the mixing and / or crushing tool with the direction vector of the conveying direction of the conveyor includes an angle greater than or equal to 90 ° and less than or equal to 180 °, wherein the angle at the intersection of the two Direction vectors is measured at the upstream of the rotational or moving direction edge of the opening, in particular in the furthest upstream point on this edge or the opening. As a result, that angle range is described in which the conveyor must be arranged on the receptacle in order to achieve the advantageous effects. In the entire region of the opening or in each individual point of the opening, an at least slight opposing orientation of the forces acting on the material or, in the extreme case, a pressure-neutral transverse alignment occurs. At no point in the opening is the scalar product of the directional vectors of the mixing tools and the screw positive, not even in a portion of the opening thus occurs too much stuffing effect.
    A further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the direction vector of the direction of rotation or movement with the direction vector of the conveying direction includes an angle between 170 ° and 180 °, measured at the intersection of the two directional vectors in the middle of the opening. Such an arrangement applies, for example, when the conveyor is arranged tangentially on the cutting compressor.
    To ensure that no excessive stuffing occurs, it may be advantageously provided that the distance or the offset of the longitudinal axis to the radial is greater than or equal to half the inner diameter of the housing of the conveyor or the piebald.
    Furthermore, it may be advantageous in this sense, the distance or the offset of the longitudinal axis to the radial greater equal to 5 or 7%, even more advantageously equal to 20%, to measure the radius of the receptacle. For conveyors with an extended catchment area or a grooved or extended pocket, it may be advantageous if this distance or this offset is greater than or equal to the radius of the receptacle. In particular, this applies to cases in which the conveyor is tangentially connected to the receptacle or tangent to the cross section of the container.
    The outermost passages of the screw advantageously do not protrude into the container.
    It is particularly advantageous if the longitudinal axis of the conveyor or the screw or the longitudinal axis of the intake nearest worm or the inner wall of the housing or the envelope of the pebbles tangent to the inside of the side wall of the container, wherein preferably the worm on its front page a drive is connected and at its opposite front end to a arranged at the front end of the housing outlet opening, in particular an extruder head promotes.
    When radially offset, but not tangentially arranged, conveyors is vorteiihafterweise provided that the imaginary extension of the longitudinal axis of the conveyor against the conveying direction, the interior of the receptacle at least partially passes through as a secant
    It is advantageous if it is provided that the opening directly and directly and without a longer spacing or transfer distance, e.g. a screw conveyor, is connected to the intake opening. This makes an effective and gentle transfer of material possible.
    The reversal of the direction of rotation of the circulating in the container mixing and crushing tools can not be done only arbitrarily or accidentally, and you can not rotate the mixing tools in the opposite direction, either in the known devices or in the device according to the invention, especially not, because the mixing and crushing tools are arranged asymmetrically in a certain way so that they act only on a single side or in one direction. If one deliberately turned such an apparatus in the wrong direction, neither a good mixed-atom bomb would be formed, nor would the material be sufficiently comminuted or heated. Everyone
    Cutting compressor thus has its fixed predetermined direction of rotation of the mixing and crushing tools.
    In this connection, it is particularly advantageous if it is provided that the front regions or leading edges of the mixing and / or comminuting tools, which act on the plastic material and are oriented in the direction of rotation or movement, are differently shaped, curved, adjusted or arranged in comparison to FIG in the direction of rotation or movement rear or trailing areas.
    An advantageous arrangement provides that tools and / or knives are arranged on the mixing and / or comminution tool, which act in the direction of rotation or movement on the plastic material to heat, comminuting and / or cutting. The tools and / or knives can either be fastened directly to the shaft or are preferably arranged on a, in particular parallel to the bottom surface, arranged rotatable tool carrier or a carrier disk or formed therein or, optionally in one piece, integrally formed.
    In principle, the effects mentioned are relevant not only for compressing extruders or agglomerators, but also for non-compressing or less-compressing screw conveyors. Again, local overfeeding is avoided.
    In a further particularly advantageous embodiment, it is provided that the receptacle is substantially cylindrical with a flat bottom surface and a vertically oriented zylindenmantelförmigen side wall. It is also structurally simple if the axis of rotation coincides with the central center axis of the receptacle. In a further advantageous embodiment it is provided that the axis of rotation or the central center axis of the container are aligned vertically and / or normal to the bottom surface. These special geometries optimize the intake behavior in a structurally stable and simply constructed device.
    In this context, it is also advantageous to provide that the mixing and / or crushing tool, or, if a plurality of superposed mixing and / or crushing tools are provided, the lowest, ground next Mlsch and / or crushing tool, and the opening in a small Distance to Bodenfiäche, in particular in the area of the bottom of the height of the receptacle are arranged. The distance is defined and measured from the lowest edge of the opening or the intake opening to the container bottom in the edge region of the container. Since the corner edge is usually rounded, the distance from the lowest edge of the opening along the imaginary extensions of the side wall downwards to the imaginary extension of the container bottom is measured outwards. Well suitable distances are 10 to 400 mm. g «IM tf *
    Furthermore, it is advantageous for processing when the radially outermost edges of the mixing and / or comminution tools reach close to the side wall.
    The container does not necessarily have a circular cylindrical shape, although this form is advantageous for practical and manufacturing reasons. From the circular cylindrical shape deviating container shapes, such as frusto-conical container or cylindrical container with elliptical or oval outline, must be converted to a circular cylindrical container same volume, assuming that the height of this fictitious container is equal to its diameter. Container heights, which in this case substantially exceed the mixing drum (taking into account the safety distance), are not taken into consideration, since this excessive container height is not used and therefore has no influence on the material processing.
    In the present case, the term conveyor means systems with non-compressing or decompressing screws, that is to say pure conveying screws, as well as systems with compressing screws, ie extruder screws having an agglomerating or plasticizing effect.
    In the present text, the terms extruder or extruder screw mean both extruders or screws, with which the material is completely or partially melted, as well as extruders, with which the softened material only agglomerates, but is not melted. In Agglomerierschnecken the material is only briefly briefly compressed and sheared, but not plasticized. The Agglomerierschnecke therefore provides at its output material which is not completely melted, but consists of only on its surface melted particles, which are zusammengebackt as a sintering. In both cases, however, pressure is applied to the material via the screw and this compacted.
    In the examples described in the following figures, conveyors with a single screw, for example single-screw or single-screw extruders, are represented throughout. Alternatively, however, the provision of conveyors with more than one screw, for example double or multi-shaft conveyors or extruders, in particular with a plurality of identical screws, which have at least the same diameter d, is also possible.
    Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the description of the following non-limiting exemplary embodiments of the 12 subject matter of the invention, which are shown to scale to the like:
    Drawings schematically and not
    Fig. 1 shows a vertical section through a device according to the invention with approximately tangentially connected extruder.
    FIG. 2 shows a horizontal section through the embodiment of FIG. 1. FIG.
    Fig. 3 shows a further Ausführungsfbrm with minimal displacement.
    Fig. 4 shows a further embodiment with greater displacement.
    Neither the containers, nor the screws or the mixing tools are to scale in the drawings, either as such, or in relation to each other. Thus, e.g. in reality, the containers are usually larger or the snails longer than shown here.
    The advantageous cutter compactor / extruder combination shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 for processing or recycling plastic material has a circular cylindrical container or cutter 1 with a flat, horizontal bottom surface 2 and a vertical, cylinder jacket-shaped one Side wall 9 on.
    At a small distance to the bottom surface 2, at most in about 10 to 20%, possibly less, the height of the side wall 9 - measured from the bottom surface 2 to the top edge of the side wall 9 - is a parallel to the bottom surface 2 aligned, planar support disk or a tool carrier 13, which is rotatable about a central axis of rotation 10, which is also the central center axis of the container 1, in the direction of rotation 12 marked with an arrow 12. The carrier disk 13 is driven by a motor 21 which is located below the container 1. On top of the carrier disk 13 are knives or tools, e.g. Cutting knife, 14 arranged, which together with the carrier plate 13, the mixing and / or crushing tool 3.
    As indicated schematically, the knives 14 are not arranged symmetrically on the support plate 13, but are particularly formed on their pointing in the direction of rotation or movement 12 front edges 22, employed or arranged to be able to act on the plastic material mechanically specific. The radially outermost edges of the mixing and crushing tools 3 extend to relatively close, about 5% of the radius 11 of the container 1, to the inner surface of the side wall 9 zoom.
    The container 1 has at the top a filling opening, through which the material to be processed, e.g. Portions of plastic films, e.g. is inserted by means of a conveyor in the direction of the arrow. Alternatively it can be provided that the container 1 13 is closed and at least on a technical * vacuum evacuated, wherein the material is introduced via a lock systems. This material is detected by the rotating mixing and / or crushing tools 3 and swirled up in the form of a Mischtrombe 30, the good rises along the vertical side wall 9 and approximately in the range of effective container height H by gravity back in and out in the field of Tank center backfed. The effective height H of the container 1 is approximately equal to its inner diameter D. In the container 1 thus forms a Mischtrombe 30, in which the material is swirled both from top to bottom and in the direction of rotation 12. Such a device can thus be operated only with the predetermined direction of rotation or movement 12 due to the particular arrangement of the mixing and crushing tools 3 and the knife 14 and the direction of rotation 12 can not be made without further or without additional changes, be reversed.
    The introduced plastic material is comminuted by the circulating mixing and Zerwerkungsungswerkzeuge 3, mixed and thereby heated by the introduced mechanical friction energy and softened, but not melted. After a certain residence time in the container 1, the homogenized, softened, doughy but not molten material, as will be discussed in detail below, discharged through an opening 8 from the container 1, brought into the catchment area of an extruder 5 and there by a screw 6th recorded and subsequently melted.
    At the height of the single crushing and mixing tool 3 in the present case, said opening 8 is formed in the side wall 9 of the container 1, through which the pretreated plastic material from the interior of the container 1 can be discharged. The material is transferred to a single-screw extruder 5 arranged tangentially on the container 1, the housing 16 of the extruder 5 having an intake opening 80 in its casing wall for the material to be detected by the screw 6. Such an embodiment has the advantage that the screw 6 can be driven by the lower front end in the drawing by a drive shown only schematically, so that the upper end of the screw 6 in the drawing can be kept free from the drive. This makes it possible, the outlet for the funded by the screw 6, plasticized or agglomerated Kunststoffmateria! to be arranged at this upper front end, e.g. in the form of an extruder head, not shown. The plastic material can therefore be conveyed through the outlet opening without deflection by the screw 6, which is not readily possible in the embodiments according to FIGS. 3 and 4.
    The intake opening 80 communicates with the opening 8 in the material conveying or transfer connection and in the present case is directly, directly and without any longer 14 "x". # *. "". "". ""
    Spacer or spacing connected to the opening 8. Only a very short overhead area is provided.
    In the housing 16, a compressing screw 6 is rotatably supported about its longitudinal axis 15. The longitudinal axis 15 of the screw 6 and the extruder 5 coincide. The extruder 5 conveys the material in the direction of the arrow 17. The extruder 5 is a conventional extruder known per se, in which the softened plastic material is compressed and thereby puddled, and the melt then emerges on the opposite side of the extruder head.
    The mixing and / or comminution tools 3 or the knives 14 are located at almost the same height or plane as the central longitudinal axis 15 of the extruder 5. The outermost ends of the blades 14 are sufficiently spaced from the webs of the screw 6.
    In the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2, the extruder 5, as mentioned, is tangentially connected to the container 1 or extends tangentially to its cross section. The imaginary extension of the central longitudinal axis 15 of the extruder 5 or the screw 6 against the conveying direction 17 of the extruder 5 to the rear, leads in the drawing next to the axis of rotation 10 over without cutting them. The longitudinal axis 15 of the extruder 5 or the screw 6 is on the outlet side to the longitudinal axis 15 parallel, from the axis of rotation 10 of the mixing and / or crushing tool 3 in the conveying direction 17 of the extruder 5 outwardly directed radials 11 of the container 1 by a distance 18 added. In the present case, the rearward extension of the longitudinal axis 15 of the extruder 5 does not penetrate the interior of the container 1, but runs just past it.
    The distance 18 is slightly larger than the radius of the container 1. The extruder 5 is thus slightly offset from the outside or the catchment area is slightly deeper.
    Under the terms "entgegengerichtef. &Quot; opposite &quot; or "in opposite directions" is understood herein to mean any alignment of the vectors to each other which is not acute-angled, as will be explained in detail below.
    In other words, the scalar product is a directional vector 19 of the direction of rotation 12, which is tangential to the FEugkreis the outermost point of the mixing and / or crushing tool 3 or tangentially to the opening 8 bypassing passing plastic material and in the direction of rotation or movement 12 of the mixing and / or crushing tools 3, and a direction vector 17 of the conveying direction of the extruder 5, which is parallel to the central longitudinal axis 15 in the conveying direction, at each point of the opening 8 and in the region radially immediately in front of the opening 8, everywhere zero or negative, but nowhere positive. 15 15 ·· · • ♦ »· • · • * · 00 ·
    In the intake opening in FIGS. 1 and 2, the dot product of the direction vector 19 of the direction of rotation 12 and the direction vector 17 of the conveying direction in each point of the opening 8 is negative.
    The angle α between the directional vector 17 of the conveying direction and the directional vector of the direction of rotation 19, measured in the most upstream of the direction of rotation 12 point 20 of the opening 8 and at the most upstream edge of the opening 8, is almost maximum, about 170 ° ,
    If you move along the opening 8 in Fig. 2 down, so in the direction of rotation 12, on, so the obtuse angle between the two direction vectors is always larger. In the middle of the opening 8, the angle between the directional vectors is about 180 ° and the scalar product is maximum negative, further below that the angle is even &gt; 180 ° and the scalar product decreases again, but always remains negative. However, these angles are no longer referred to as angles α, since they are not measured in point 20.
    A not shown in Fig. 2, measured in the middle or in the center of the opening 8 angle ß between the direction vector of the direction of rotation 19 and the direction vector of the conveying direction 17 is about 178 ° to 180 °.
    The device according to FIG. 2 represents the first limiting case or extreme value. In such an arrangement, a very gentle stuffing action or a particularly advantageous feeding is possible and such a device is particularly suitable for sensitive materials which are processed near the melting region or for long-strip Good.
    In Fig. 3, an alternative embodiment is shown, in which the extruder 5 is not connected tangentially, but with its end face 7 to the container 1. The screw 6 and the housing 16 of the extruder 5 are adapted in the region of the opening 8 to the contour of the inner wall of the container 1 and set back flush. No part of the extruder 5 protrudes through the opening 8 into the interior of the container 1.
    The distance 18 here corresponds to about 5 to 10% of the radius 11 of the container 1 and about half the inner diameter d of the housing 16. This Ausführungsfrom thus represents the second limiting case or extreme value with the smallest possible offset or distance 18, in which the rotary or the direction of movement 12 of the mixing and / or crushing tools 3 of the conveying direction 17 of the extruder 5 is at least slightly opposite, namely over the entire surface of the opening eighth
    The scalar product is exactly zero in FIG. 3 at the most upstreammost point 20 located at the most upstream t 16, edge 20 'of the opening 8. The WinVel α 2wischen * the kichtungsvektor 17 of the conveying direction and the direction vector of the direction of rotation 19, measured at point 20 of Fig. 3, exactly 90 ". If you continue along the opening 8 down, ie in the direction of rotation 12, on, so the angle between the direction vectors is always larger and at an obtuse angle &gt; 90 ° and the scalar product becomes negative at the same time. At no point or in any area of the opening 8, however, is the scale product positive or the angle smaller than 90 °. As a result, local overfeeding can not take place even in a partial area of the opening 8 or, in any area of the opening 8, there can be no harmful excessive stop effect.
    This also makes a decisive difference to a purely radial arrangement, since at point 20 or at the edge 20 'with a fully radial arrangement of the extruder 5 an angle α &lt; 90 ° and those areas of the opening 8, which are located in the drawing above the radial 11 and upstream or upstream thereof, would have a positive scalar product. This could lead to accumulation of locally melted plastic goods in these areas.
    FIG. 4 shows a further alternative embodiment in which the extruder 5 is displaced slightly more downstream than in FIG. 3, but not yet tangentially as in FIGS. 1 and 2. In the present case, as in FIG. 3, the extension of the longitudinal axis 15 of the extruder 5, which is intended to be rearward, penetrates the interior of the container 1 in a secant manner. This has the consequence that - measured in the circumferential direction of the container 1 - the opening 8 is wider äls in the embodiment of FIG. 3. Also, the distance 18 is correspondingly larger than in Fig. 3, but slightly smaller than the radius 11. Der Angle α measured at point 20 is about 150 ", which reduces the stuffing effect compared to the device of Fig. 3, which is more advantageous for certain sensitive polymers. The viewed from the container 1 from right inner edge or the inner wall of the housing 16 connects tangentially to the container 1, whereby, in contrast to Fig. 3 no blunt transitional edge is formed.
    From FIGS. 1 to 4, the diameter D of the container or cutting compressor 1, the diameter d of the screw 6 and the effective length L of the intake opening 80 can be seen. It should be noted that these parameters D, d and L are shown only as illustrative and not to scale and not as such.
    It has been found on the basis of test series that the active container volume SV, that is to say the active volume of the container 1, reaches the charge volume BV of the container 1, in particular the volume lying in front of the intake opening (80) in a position. # ·· *
    # ···· ♦ · J
    Ratio V of V = SV / BV should be, wöbe * 4 <V <* 30, preferably 5 <V <25, where the active tank volume SV is defined by the formula SV = D3 - and 4
    D corresponds to the inner diameter of the container 1 and the Befotungsvotumen BV according to the formula BV = D2 - H set, where H corresponds to the height of the intake opening 80 4. The parameter H is chosen such that H corresponds to the formula H = kyd, where d is the diameter of the screw 6 and ki is a constant of 0.3 <k {<1.5, preferably 0.5 <0.5). fc, &lt; 1.15, is.
    Furthermore, it is provided that the feed volume BV of the container 1 to the screw volume SE in the region of the intake opening 80 is in the ratio VS with VS = BV / SE, where 20 <Κ5 <700, preferably 50 <700. FS <450, where is the
    Screw volume SE with the formula SE = L - (idT ~ T2) is set. L is the effective length of the intake opening 80 extending in the conveying direction 17, and can be defined by the formula L = k2d, where k2 is a constant of 0.5 <k2 &lt; 3.5, preferably 1 &lt; k2 &lt; 2.8, and T is the flight depth of the screw 6 and is defined by the formula T = k3d, where k3 is a constant of 0.05 &lt; k3 &lt; 0.25, preferably 0.1 &lt; k3 &lt; 0.2.
    Finally, it is useful if the effective length L is given a factor F and SE = F L- (2dT -Γ2), where F is 0.85 &lt; F &lt; 0.95, preferably 4 0.9 is selected.
    The stated constants allow the device to be adapted to different materials or feed compositions with different materials in order to avoid clogging and to increase the printing set.
    The container 1 is preferably designed as a cutting compressor to which an extruder is connected as a conveyor.
    In a container 1, which has no circular cross-section, the diameter D is determined by the cross-sectional area of the container is converted to a circular area and the diameter of this circle is used as a container diameter. D is thus the inner diameter of a circular cylindrical container 1 in mm or the inner diameter in mm of the same volume of volume converted fictitious circular cylindrical container of the same height.
    权利要求:
    Claims (18)
    [1]
    18 ♦ • · · · · Patent Patent 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1. A device for pretreating and subsequent conveying, plasticizing or agglomerating of plastics, in particular of thermoplastic waste plastic for recycling purposes, with a container (1) for the material to be processed, wherein in the container (1) at least one rotatable about an axis of rotation (10) rotating Mixing and / or crushing tool (3) for mixing, heating and optionally comminution of the plastic material is arranged, wherein in a side wall (9) of the container (1) in the region of the height of the bottom or bottom mixing and / or crushing tool ( 3) an opening (8) is formed, through which the pretreated plastic material from the interior of the container (1) can be discharged, wherein at least one conveyor (5), in particular an extruder (5), for receiving the pretreatment is provided with at least one in a housing (16) rotating, in particular plasticizing or agglomerating, screw (6), wherein the housing (16) at its end face (7) or in its outer wall lying Elnzügsöffnung (80) for the of the screw (6) to be detected material, and the feed opening (80) with the opening (8) is in communication, characterized in that the imaginary extension of the central longitudinal axis (15) of the conveyor (5) or the intake opening ( 80) next to the conveying direction (17) of the conveyor (5) on the axis of rotation (10) passes without cutting, wherein the longitudinal axis (15) of the conveyor (5) or the feed opening (80) nearest worm (6) on the outlet side or in the direction of rotation or movement (12) of the mixing and / or comminuting tool (3) to the longitudinal axis (15) parallel, from the axis of rotation (10) of the mixing and / or crushing tool s (3) in the conveying direction (17) of the conveyor (5) outwardly directed radials (11) of the container (1) is offset by a distance (18), and that the active container volume (SV) to the loading volume (BV) of the container or cutting compactor (1) in a ratio (V) with V = SV / BV, where 4 &lt; V &lt; 30, preferably 5 &lt; V <25, wherein the active tank volume (SV) is defined by the formula SF = D3- and D corresponds to the inner diameter of the tank (1) 4 and wherein the charge volume (BV) is determined by the formula BV = D2-H, where H corresponds to the height of the intake opening (80). ··· »·· * ·
    [2]
    Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the height H of the intake opening (80) satisfies the formula H = kxd, where d is the diameter of the screw (6) and kt is a constant of 0.3 <kt <1, 5, preferably 0.5 ^ k {<1.15.
    [3]
    3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the feed volume (BV) of the container (1) to the screw volume (SE) in the region of the intake opening (80) in the ratio (VS) with VS ~ BV / SE, wherein 20th &lt; VS &lt; 700, preferably 50 pounds VS &lt; 450, is, wherein the screw volume (SE) with the formula SE = L ^ FedT- T2) is set and L in the conveying direction (17) extending, effective length of the intake opening (80) and T, the flight depth of the screw (6) is.
    [4]
    4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that L is set with the formula L = k2d and k2 a constant with 0.5 <k2 <3.5, preferably 1 &lt; k2 &lt; 2.8, is.
    [5]
    5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that T is defined with the formula T = k3d, where ka is a constant with 0.05 <k3 <0.25, preferably 0.1 &lt; k3 &lt; 0.25, in particular 0.1 &lt; k3 &lt; 0.2, is.
    [6]
    6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the effective length (L) is provided with a factor (F) and SE = F · L- [ldT - Γ2), 4 where F is 0.85 &lt;; F &lt; 0.95, preferably 0.9.
    [7]
    7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that for an associated with the container (1) conveyor (5) the scalar product formed from the tangential to the circle of the radially outermost point of the mixing and / or crushing tool ( 3) or tangentially to the plastic material moving past the opening (8) and oriented normal to a radial (11) of the container (1) in the direction of rotation or movement (12) of the mixing and / or comminuting device ( 3) pointing direction vector of the direction of rotation (19) and the directional vector (17) of the conveying direction of the conveyor (5) in each individual point or in the entire region of the opening (8) or immediately radially in front of the opening (8) is zero or negative , 20 • · ♦ «4

    • · · • ♦ · • · * · · ·


    [8]
    8. Device according to one of claims 1 6fs 7 * cfad'urch characterized in that the direction vector of the direction of rotation (19) of the radially outermost point of the mixing and / or crushing tool (3) and the direction vector (17) of the conveying direction of the conveyor (5 ) include an angle (a) greater than or equal to 90 ° and less than or equal to 180 °, measured at the intersection of the two directional vectors (17,19) with respect to the direction of rotation or movement (12) of the mixing and / or crushing tool ( 3) upstream, upstream edge of the opening (8), in particular in the furthest upstream point (20) on this edge or the opening (8).
    [9]
    9. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the direction vector (19) of the rotational or movement direction (12) and the direction vector (17) of the conveying direction of the conveyor (5) an angle (ß) between 170® and 180 ", measured at the intersection of the two directional vectors (17, 19) in the center of the opening (8).
    [10]
    10. Device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the distance (18) is greater than or equal to half the inner diameter of the housing (16) of the conveyor (5) or the screw (6), and / or greater than or equal to 7%, preferably greater than or equal to 20%, of the radius of the container (1) or that the distance (18) is greater than or equal to the radius of the container (1).
    [11]
    11. Device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the imaginary extension of the longitudinal axis (15) of the conveyor (5) opposite to the conveying direction in the manner of a secant to the cross section of the container (1) is arranged and the interior of the container ( 1) interspersed at least in sections.
    [12]
    12. Device according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the conveyor (5) is connected tangentially to the container (1) or tangential to the cross section of the container (1) or that the longitudinal axis (15) of the conveyor (5) or the screw (6) or the longitudinal axis of the screw (6) closest to the intake opening (80) or the inner wall of the housing (16) or the envelope of the check (6) tangentially to the inside of the side wall (9) of the Container (1) extends, wherein preferably the screw (6) on its end face (7) is connected to a drive and at its opposite end to a at the end of the housing (16) arranged outlet opening, in particular an extruder head promotes.
    [13]
    13. Device according to one of claims Tlais * 12, tfedurth * 9 £ fcennzeichnet that the opening (8) directly and directly and without significant spacing, in particular without transfer path or screw conveyor, with the intake opening (80) is connected.
    [14]
    14. The device according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the mixing and / or crushing tool (3) tools and / or knives (14), in the rotational or movement direction (12) comminuting to the plastic material, acting cutting and heating, the tools and / or knives (14) preferably on or on a, in particular parallel to the bottom surface (12), arranged, rotatable tool carrier (13), in particular a carrier disc (13), are formed or arranged.
    [15]
    15. Device according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that acting on the plastic material in the direction of rotation or movement (12) facing the front areas or leading edges (22) of the mixing and / or crushing tools (3) or Knife (14) are formed differently, employed, curved and / or arranged in comparison to the in the direction of rotation or movement (12) rear or trailing areas.
    [16]
    16. Device according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the container (1) is formed substantially circular cylindrical with a flat bottom surface (2) and a vertically aligned cylinder jacket-shaped side wall (9) and / or the axis of rotation (10) the mixing and / or comminution tools (3) coincide with the central center axis of the container (1) and / or the axis of rotation (12) or the central center axis are aligned vertically and / or normal to the bottom surface (2).
    [17]
    17. Device according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the lowermost tool carrier (13) or the lowest of the mixing and / or crushing tools (3) and / or the opening (8) near the ground at a small distance to the bottom surface ( 2), in particular in the region of the lowest quarter of the height of the container (1), preferably at a distance from the bottom surface (2) of 10 mm to 400 mm are arranged.
    [18]
    18. Device according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the conveyor (5) is a single screw extruder (6) with a single compressing screw (6) or is a double or multiple screw extruder, wherein the diameter d of the individual screws ( 6) are equal to each other.
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA1510/2011A|AT512222B1|2011-10-14|2011-10-14|DEVICE FOR PREPARING PLASTIC MATERIAL|ATA1510/2011A| AT512222B1|2011-10-14|2011-10-14|DEVICE FOR PREPARING PLASTIC MATERIAL|
    SI201230490T| SI2766160T1|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|Apparatus for processing plastic material|
    DE201220012568| DE202012012568U1|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|Device for processing plastic material|
    DK12781257.6T| DK2766160T3|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|An apparatus for processing plastics material|
    CA2851949A| CA2851949C|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|Apparatus for the pretreatment and subsequent conveying, plastification, or agglomeration of plastics for recycling purposes|
    UAA201403663A| UA110147C2|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|DEVICES FOR PROCESSING OF PLASTIC MATERIALS|
    EP12781257.6A| EP2766160B1|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|Apparatus for processing plastic material|
    ES12781257.6T| ES2561722T3|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|Device for pretreating synthetic materials|
    CN201280050416.3A| CN103930248B|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|Device for preparing synthetic material|
    JP2014534873A| JP6219829B2|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|Plastic material processing equipment|
    KR1020147013026A| KR101744262B1|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|Apparatus for processing plastic material|
    MX2014004447A| MX345434B|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|Apparatus for processing plastic material.|
    AU2012323810A| AU2012323810B2|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|Apparatus for processing plastic material|
    PCT/AT2012/050153| WO2013052981A1|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|Apparatus for processing plastic material|
    PT127812576T| PT2766160E|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|Apparatus for processing plastic material|
    PL12781257T| PL2766160T3|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|Apparatus for processing plastic material|
    BR112014008813-6A| BR112014008813B1|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|DEVICE FOR PRE-TREATMENT AND SUBSEQUENT TRANSPORT, PLASTIFICATION OR AGGLOMERATION OF PLASTICS|
    US14/351,869| US20140295016A1|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|Apparatus for processing plastic material|
    TW101137663A| TWI524977B|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|Apparatus for the treatment of plastics material|
    RU2014119375/05A| RU2583260C2|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|Device for processing polymer material|
    HUE12781257A| HUE026896T2|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|Apparatus for processing plastic material|
    ZA2014/02101A| ZA201402101B|2011-10-14|2014-03-20|Apparatus for processing plastic material|
    HK15101320.2A| HK1200762A1|2011-10-14|2015-02-06|Apparatus for processing plastic material|
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