奥地利专利AT512212A1 DEVICE FOR PREPARING PLASTIC MATERIAL

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专利摘要:
The invention relates to a device for pretreating and subsequently conveying or plasticizing plastics with a container (1) having a mixing and / or comminution tool (3) rotatable about an axis of rotation (10), wherein an opening (8) is provided in a side wall (9) ) is formed, through which the plastic material can be carried out, wherein a conveyor (5) is provided, with a in a housing (16) rotating screw (6), wherein the housing (16) is divided into two chambers (40,41) of which the front chamber (40) has the intake opening (80) and the rear chamber (41) at least one degassing opening (42), wherein the two chambers (40,41) are interconnected by a channel (44) in which Melt filter (45) is arranged. The invention is characterized in that the imaginary extension of the longitudinal axis (15) of the conveyor (5) against the conveying direction (17) on the axis of rotation (10) passes, wherein the longitudinal axis (15) on the outlet side to the longitudinal axis (15) parallel radials (11) offset by a distance (18) such that the length (L) of the screw (6) in the front chamber (40) is in a range 10 to 40 times the nominal diameter (d) of the screw (6) and that the distance from the junction (46) of the channel (44) in the rear chamber (41) to the vent (42) in a range between 1.5 to 15 times the nominal diameter (d) of the screw (6) lies.
公开号:AT512212A1
申请号:T1505/2011
申请日:2011-10-14
公开日:2013-06-15
发明作者:
申请人:Erema；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

16403/5/5
Device for processing plastic material
The invention relates to a device according to the preamble of claim 1.
From the prior art, such methods and devices in a similar form have long been known. It is known, plastic material to be recycled, first in a cutter compactor at elevated temperature and, if necessary, subject to exposure to vacuum, then melt in an extruder and filter the melt, then to degas and finally to granulate, for example. Devices for carrying out such methods are known, for example, from EP 123 771 B, EP 390 873 B or AT 396 900 B.
Furthermore, numerous methods and devices exist for individual steps, e.g. the degassing of the melt, to optimize. Thus, for example, the formation of a pressure-free zone can be provided in front of the degassing openings in order to ensure reliable degassing of the plastic material. There are also numerous
Embodiments of Various Melt Filters for Removing Solid Foreign Substances and / or Unmelted Residual Polymer,
All this serves primarily to increase the quality of the final product.
The above-mentioned, known cutting compactors or containers have in common that the conveying or rotating direction of the mixing and
Crushing tools and thus the direction in which the material particles circulate in the receptacle, and the conveying direction of the extruder are substantially equal or in the same direction. This deliberately chosen arrangement was guided by the desire to stuff the material as possible in the snail or force feeding it. This idea of stuffing the particles into the conveying or extruder screw in the screw conveying direction was also quite obvious and corresponded to the usual ideas of the skilled person, since the particles do not have to reverse their direction of movement and thus no additional force is required for the reversal of direction. In the process, and in the case of further developments, the aim was always to create as high a level of auger filling as possible and to reinforce this stuffing effect. For example, attempts have also been made to conically expand the intake area of the extruder or to curve the shredding tools in a sickle-shaped manner so that they can feed the softened material into the screw in a spatula-like manner. Due to the inlet side offset of the 2
Extruders from a radial to a tangential position * to feehärter * the stuffing effect was further enhanced and the plastic material from the rotating tool even more promoted or pressed into the extruder.
Such devices are basically functional and work satisfactorily, albeit with recurrent problems:
Thus, for example, with materials having a low energy content, e.g. PET fibers or sheets, or materials having an early tack or softening point, such as e.g. Polylactic acid (PLA), observed over and over again the effect that the conscious same-sense plugging of the plastic material in the intake area of the extruder under pressure leads to premature melting of the material immediately after or in the intake area of the extruder. As a result, on the one hand, the conveying effect of the extruder is reduced, and it can also lead to a partial reflux of this melt in the area of the cutting compressor or receiving container, which means that still unmelted flakes adhere to the melt, thereby cooling the melt again and partially solidifies and forms in this way a schwulstartiges structure or conglomerate of partially solidified melt and solid plastic particles. As a result, the intake of the extruder clogged and stick the mixing and crushing tools. As a result, the throughput of the extruder is reduced because sufficient filling of the screw is prevented. In addition, the mixing and comminution tools can get stuck. As a rule, in such cases, the system must be shut down and completely cleaned.
Additionally, problems arise with those polymeric materials that have been heated in the cutter compactor to near their melting range. If the catchment area is overfilled, the material melts and the feeder sinks.
Even with, mostly stretched, stripy, fibrous materials with a certain length extension and a small thickness or stiffness, so for example in cut into strips of plastic films, problems arise. This primarily by the fact that the elongated material adheres to the downstream end of the feed opening of the screw, wherein one end of the strip protrudes into the receptacle and the other end in the catchment area. Since both the mixing tools and the worm run in the same direction or exert the same Förderrichtungs- and pressure component on the material, both ends of the strip in the same direction tensile and pressurized and the strip can not solve. This in turn leads to an accumulation of the material in this area, to a narrowing of the cross section of the intake opening and to a poor intake behavior and subsequently to loss of revenue. In addition, it may be due to the increased feed pressure in this area to melt, which in turn occur the problems mentioned above.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved plastics recycling apparatus which provides a high quality end product which device can be operated with high productivity and high throughput.
This object is achieved in a device of the type mentioned by the characterizing features of claim 1.
It is initially provided that the imaginary extension of the central longitudinal axis of the extruder, if this has only a single screw, or the longitudinal axis of the feed opening nearest screw when the extruder has more than one screw, against the conveying direction of the extruder at the axis of rotation without these cutting past, wherein the longitudinal axis of the extruder, if this has a single screw, or the longitudinal axis of the
Inlet closest worm, the outlet side to the longitudinal axis parallel to the axis of rotation of the mixing and / or crushing tool in the conveying direction of the extruder directed outward radials of the container is offset by a distance.
Thus, the conveying direction of the mixing tools and the conveying direction of the extruder is no longer, as known from the prior art, in the same direction, but at least slightly in opposite directions, whereby the initially mentioned Stopfeffekt is reduced. By deliberately reversing the direction of rotation of the mixing and
Shredding tools compared to previously known devices, the feed pressure on the catchment area decreases and it reduces the risk of overfilling. Excess material is not stuffed or filled in this way with excessive pressure in the catchment area of the extruder, but on the contrary excess material is even tending to be removed from there, so that although always sufficient material voriiegt in the catchment area, but almost without pressure or only with low Pressure is applied. In this way, the extruder screw can be filled sufficiently and always enough material to move without resulting in overfilling of the screw and subsequently to local pressure peaks, where the material could melt.
In this way, melting of the material in the region of the extruder feed is prevented, which increases the operational efficiency, which increases the efficiency of the process. [001]
Extend service intervals and reduce downtime * you purely derogatory repairs and clean-up.
By reducing the feed pressure react slider, with which the degree of filling of the screw can be regulated in a known manner, much more sensitive and the degree of filling of the screw can be adjusted even more accurately. Especially for heavier materials, such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or PET regrind, it is easier to find the optimum operating point of the system.
In addition, it has proved to be surprisingly advantageous that materials which have already been softened to near melt, are better fed in the counter-rotating operation according to the invention. In particular, when the material is already in doughy or softened state, the screw cuts the material from the doughy ring, which is close to the container wall. In a direction of rotation in the conveying direction of the extruder screw, this ring would rather be pushed further and there could be no scraping by the screw, whereby the feeder would decrease. This is avoided by reversing the direction of rotation according to the invention.
In addition, in the processing of the above-described streaky or fibrous materials, the formed impositions or accumulations can be easily solved or are not even formed because on the direction of rotation of the mixing tools downstream or downstream edge of the opening of the direction vector of the mixing tools and the directional vector of the extruder point in almost opposite or at least slightly opposite directions, whereby an elongated strip can not bend and impose around this edge, but is entrained again by the mixing drum in the receptacle.
Overall, the inventive design improves the intake behavior and increases the throughput significantly. The overall system of cutter compactor and extruder thus becomes more stable and efficient.
It is further provided that the length L of the screw in the front chamber, measured from the downstream in the conveying direction of the screw edge of the feed opening to the housing formed in the mouth of the most upstream channel leading to the melt filter, in a range of 10 times up to 40 times the mean nominal diameter d of the screw.
It is also contemplated that the distance from the mouth of the channel into the rear chamber to the most upstream vent is in a range between 1.5 to 15 times the mean nominal diameter of the screw. 5 Φ · φ · · «ΦΦ φ φφφ ΦφφφφΦ ^ φ φ
It has surprisingly been found that one can work by providing the oppositely rotating cutting compressor at higher temperatures and a better homogenization of the material can be achieved. It is therefore possible to shorten the distance to the melt filter or to arrange the melt filter earlier. In addition, the increased temperature improves the degassing and you can shorten the distance to the first vent. The processing of the material in the cutter compressor at a higher temperature allows volatile gases to leave the material even in this area. This is particularly efficient in that the surface of the mostly foil-like or grit-like particles is large and thus moisture or volatile substances can easily escape from or from the material and the particles come to the surface again and again through intensive mixing be replaced and therefore the gases can easily leave the container. For this reason, less volatile substances remain in the material to be melted and this makes it possible to better degas the melt.
This results in high quality of the melt and thus the final product a structural simplification and shortening of the device.
Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are described by the following features:
According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention it is provided that downstream of the mouth of the channel in the rear chamber and upstream of the most upstream degassing a homogenizing unit for homogenizing the filtered melt is connected. In this case, the melt is subjected to intensive shear stress and tensile stress and greatly accelerated. Alternatively, the worm in this area on a homogenization of the melt causing gear geometry.
It is advantageous if the step of homogenization takes place only after the filtration, but before the degassing of the melt, since in this way the homogenization is not affected by any coarse impurities or solid foreign matter or not melted plastic nests and at the same time the subsequent degassing and effectively can be performed efficiently, the gas bubbles can be almost completely removed from the melt. In this way, a high-quality end material can be achieved, which can be replaced for various subsequent processes.
In this connection, it is advantageous if the homogenizing unit, in particular the screw, has a section, preferably upstream, of the section 6... ·· ft ·· < · ······ ", with which the melt is sheared and a * further, preferably located downstream thereof, section, with which the melt is mixed.
The process of homogenization is a relatively complex process. It is advantageous if the material is subjected to both a shear and a subsequent mixture, wherein at the same time there is a temperature increase of the melt and a mixing of the sheared parts with the less sheared parts. In this way, a uniform melt with finely divided and very small interfering substances can be achieved, which can then be degassed optimally and effectively.
According to a further advantageous process control it is provided that the temperature of the material or the melt during, but at least at the end, the homogenization and before the degassing is at least as high as, preferably higher than, the temperatures in all other treatment steps.
A structurally advantageous system provides that the container, the extruder, the chambers, the melt filter (s), the homogenization unit, and the degassing opening (s) are arranged axially behind one another or lie on a common longitudinal axis or about a common longitudinal axis. As a result, the entire device is very narrow and space-saving.
An effective way of separating the chambers from one another provides that the two chambers are separated by a return thread provided on the circumference of the screw.
In this context, it is advantageous if the orifice and the mouth of the channel immediately before or after the return thread out or open.
In order to improve the degassing, the screw between the mouth of the channel in the rear chamber and the most upstream degassing has a one, preferably up to the degassing openings reaching, depressurizing zone causing or has designed decompressing.
According to an advantageous further development of the invention, it is provided that the extruder is arranged on the receptacle so that the scalar product from the tangential to the circle of the radially outermost point of the mixing and / or crushing tool or to the opening past plastic material and normal to a radial aligned in the direction of rotation or movement of the mixing and / or crushing tool direction vector (direction vector of the direction of rotation) and the direction vector of the conveying direction of the extruder in each individual point or in the entire region of the 7 opening or in each individual point or In the entire range, it is radially in front of the opening, zero or negative. The area immediately radially in front of the opening is defined as the area in front of the opening at which the material is just before passing through the opening but has not yet passed through the opening. In this way, the advantages mentioned above are achieved and effectively avoided any agglomeration caused by stuffing effects in the region of the intake opening. In particular, it does not depend on the spatial arrangement of the mixing tools and the screw to each other, for example, the axis of rotation must not be aligned normal to the bottom surface or to the longitudinal axis of the extruder or the screw. The direction vector of the direction of rotation and the direction vector of the conveying direction lie in one, preferably horizontal, plane, or in a plane oriented normal to the axis of rotation.
A further advantageous embodiment results from the fact that the direction vector of the direction of rotation of the mixing and / or crushing tool with the direction vector of the conveying direction of the extruder includes an angle greater than or equal to 90 ° and less than or equal to 180 °, wherein the angle at the intersection of the two Direction vectors is measured at the upstream of the rotational or moving direction edge of the opening, in particular in the furthest upstream point on this edge or the opening. This describes the angle range in which the extruder must be arranged on the receptacle in order to achieve the advantageous effects. In the entire region of the opening or in each individual point of the opening, an at least slight opposing orientation of the forces acting on the material or, in the extreme case, a pressure-neutral transverse alignment occurs. At no point in the opening is the scalar product of the directional vectors of the mixing tools and the screw positive, not even in a portion of the opening thus occurs too much stuffing effect.
A further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the direction vector of the direction of rotation or movement with the direction vector of the conveying direction includes an angle between 170 ° and 180 °, measured at the intersection of the two directional vectors in the middle of the opening. Such an arrangement applies, for example, when the extruder is arranged tangentially on the cutting compressor.
To ensure that no excessive tamping occurs, it may be advantageously provided that the distance or the offset of the longitudinal axis to the radial is greater than or equal to half the inner diameter of the housing of the extruder or the pint. 8th
Furthermore, it may be advantageous in this sense, the distance or the offset of the longitudinal axis to the radial greater than or equal to 7%, even more advantageously equal to 20%, to dimension the radius of the receptacle. For extruders with an extended catchment area or a grooved bush or extended pocket, it may be advantageous if this distance or this offset is greater than or equal to the radius of the receptacle. In particular, this applies to cases in which the extruder is connected tangentially to the receptacle or runs tangentially to the cross section of the container.
It is particularly advantageous if the longitudinal axis of the extruder or the screw or the longitudinal axis of the intake nearest worm or the inner wall of the housing or the envelope of the pebbles tangent to the inside of the side wall of the container, preferably with the screw on its face is connected to a drive and at its opposite end Stim to a arranged at the front end of the housing outlet opening, in particular an extruder head promotes.
At radially offset, but not tangentially arranged, extruders is advantageously provided that the imaginary extension of the longitudinal axis of the extruder opposite to the conveying direction the interior of the receptacle at least partially passes through as a secant.
It is advantageous, if it is provided that the opening directly and directly and without a longer spacing or top feed line, e.g. a screw conveyor, is connected to the intake opening. This makes an effective and gentle transfer of material possible.
The reversal of the direction of rotation of the circulating in the container mixing and crushing tools can not be done only arbitrarily or accidentally, and you can not rotate the mixing tools in the opposite direction, either in the known devices or in the device according to the invention, especially not, because the mixing and crushing tools are arranged asymmetrically in a certain way so that they act only on a single side or in one direction. If one deliberately turned such an apparatus in the wrong direction, neither a good mixed-atom bomb would be formed, nor would the material be sufficiently comminuted or heated. Each cutter compressor thus has its fixed predetermined direction of rotation of the mixing and crushing tools.
In this connection, it is particularly advantageous if it is provided that the front regions or front edges of the mixing and / or comminution tools, which act on the plastic material and are oriented in the direction of rotation or movement, are differently shaped, curved, adjusted or arranged in comparison to the areas in the direction of rotation or movement behind or trailing,
An advantageous arrangement provides that tools and / or knives are arranged on the mixing and / or comminution tool, which act in the direction of rotation or movement on the plastic material to heat, comminuting and / or cutting. The tools and / or knives can either be fastened directly to the shaft or are preferably arranged on a, in particular parallel to the bottom surface, arranged rotatable tool carrier or a carrier disk or formed therein or, optionally in one piece, integrally formed.
In principle, the effects mentioned are relevant not only to highly compressive melting extruders or agglomerators, but also to less compressive screw conveyors. Again, local overfeeding is avoided.
In a further particularly advantageous embodiment, it is provided that the receptacle is substantially cylindrical with a flat bottom surface and a cylinder jacket-shaped side wall oriented vertically thereto. It is also structurally simple if the axis of rotation coincides with the central center axis of the receptacle. In a further advantageous embodiment it is provided that the axis of rotation or the central center axis of the container are aligned vertically and / or normal to the bottom surface. These special geometries optimize the intake behavior in a structurally stable and simply constructed device.
In this context, it is also advantageous to provide that the mixing and / or crushing tool, or if more superimposed mixing and / or crushing tools are provided, the lowest, ground-level mixing and / or crushing tool, and the opening in a small Distance to the bottom surface, in particular in the region of the lowest quarter of the height of the receptacle are arranged. The distance is defined and measured from the lowest edge of the opening or the intake opening to the container bottom in the edge region of the container. Since the corner edge is usually rounded, the distance from the lowest edge of the opening along the imaginary extensions of the side wall down to the imaginary extension of the container bottom is measured outwards. Well suitable distances are 10 to 400 mm.
Furthermore, it is advantageous for processing when the radially outermost edges of the mixing and / or comminution tools reach close to the side wall.
The container does not necessarily have to have a circular cylindrical shape, although this shape is advantageous for practical and manufacturing reasons. Container shapes deviating from the circular cylinder shape, such as frustoconical 10 · ♦ «10 · ♦« • «· · · · ·
'Elliptical or oval-shaped containers or cylindrical containers shall be converted to a circular-cylindrical container of equal capacity, assuming that the height of this notional container is equal to its diameter. Container heights, which in this case substantially exceed the mixing drum (taking into account the safety distance), are not taken into consideration, since this excessive container height is not used and therefore has no influence on the material processing.
The term extruder in the present text means extruders with which the material is completely melted.
In the examples described in the following figures, compressing single-screw or single-screw extruders are shown throughout. Alternatively, however, the providence of double or Mehrwellenextrudem, in particular with several identical screws, which have at least the same diameter d, possible.
Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the description of the following non-limiting exemplary embodiments of the subject invention, which are shown schematically in the drawings and not to scale:
Fig. 1 shows a vertical section through a device according to the invention with approximately tangentially connected extruder.
FIG. 2 shows a horizontal section through the embodiment of FIG. 1. FIG.
Fig. 3 shows a further embodiment with minimum offset.
Fig. 4 shows a further embodiment with greater displacement.
Figures 5a, b, c show an alternative embodiment of the device from different perspectives
Neither the containers, nor the screws or the mixing tools are to scale in the drawings, either as such, or in relation to each other. Thus, e.g. in reality, the containers are usually larger or the snails longer than shown here.
The advantageous cutter compactor / extruder combination shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 for processing or recycling plastic material has a circular cylindrical container or cutter 1 with a flat, horizontal bottom surface 2 and a vertical, cylinder jacket-shaped one Side wall 9 on. 11 «I» ·· «# · ♦ '· * ··« · # ·
At a small distance to the bottom surface 2, at most in efva 10 * to 20%, possibly less, the height of the side wall 9 - measured from the bottom surface 2 to the top edge of the side wall 9 - is a parallel to the bottom surface 2 aligned, planar support disk or a Tool carrier 13 is arranged, which is rotatable about a central axis of rotation 10, which is also the central center axis of the container 1, in the direction of rotation 12 marked with a Reil 12. The carrier disk 13 is driven by a motor 21 which is located below the container 1. On top of the carrier disk 13 are knives or tools, e.g. Cutting knife, 14 arranged, which together with the carrier plate 13, the mixing and / or crushing tool 3.
As indicated schematically, the knives 14 are not arranged symmetrically on the support plate 13, but are particularly formed on their pointing in the direction of rotation or movement 12 front edges 22, employed or arranged to be able to act on the plastic material mechanically specific. The radially outermost edges of the mixing and crushing tools 3 extend to relatively close, about 5% of the radius 11 of the container 1, to the inner surface of the side wall 9 zoom.
The container 1 has at the top a filling opening, through which the material to be processed, e.g. Portions of plastic films, e.g. is inserted by means of a conveyor in the direction of the arrow. Alternatively it can be provided that the container 1 is closed and at least evacuated to a technical vacuum, wherein the material is introduced via a lock systems. This material is detected by the rotating mixing and / or crushing tools 3 and swirled up in the form of a Mischtrombe 30, the good rises along the vertical side wall 9 and approximately in the range of effective container height H by gravity back in and out in the field of Tank center falls back. The effective height H of the container 1 is approximately equal to its inner diameter D. In the container 1 thus forms a Mischtrombe 30, in which the material is swirled both from top to bottom and in the direction of rotation 12. Such a device can thus be operated only with the predetermined direction of rotation or movement 12 due to the particular arrangement of the mixing and crushing tools 3 and the knife 14 and the direction of rotation 12 can not be made without further or without additional changes, be reversed.
The introduced plastic material is comminuted by the circulating mixing and crushing tools 3, mixed and thereby heated by the introduced mechanical friction energy and softened, but not melted. After a certain residence time in the container 1, the homogenized, softened, doughy but not molten material, as will be discussed in detail below, is passed through an opening 12 *... Discharged from the container 1, brought into the catchment area of an extruder 5 and there detected by a screw 6 and subsequently melted.
At the height of the single crushing and Mi sch tool 3 in the present case, the said opening 8 is formed in the side wall 9 of the container 1, through which the pretreated Kunststoffmatehai from the interior of the container 1 is ausbringbar. The material is transferred to a single-screw extruder 5 arranged tangentially on the container 1, the housing 16 of the extruder 5 having an intake opening 80 in its casing wall for the material to be detected by the screw 6. Such an embodiment has the advantage that the screw 6 can be driven by the bottom in the drawing Stimende by a drive only schematically shown, so that the upper end of the screw 6 can be kept free from the drive in the drawing. This makes it possible to arrange the outlet opening for the plasticized or agglomerated plastic material conveyed by the screw 6 at this upper end of the sweep, e.g. in the form of a not dargesteilten extruder head. The plastic material can therefore be conveyed through the outlet opening without deflection by the screw 6, which is not readily possible in the embodiments according to FIGS. 3 and 4.
The intake opening 80 communicates with the opening 8 in material conveying or transfer connection and is in the present case directly, directly and without a longer intermediate piece or spacing connected to the opening 8. Only a very short transfer area is provided.
In the housing 16, a compressing screw 6 is rotatably supported about its longitudinal axis 15. The longitudinal axis 15 of the screw 6 and the extruder 5 coincide. The extruder 5 conveys the material in the direction of the arrow 17. The extruder 5 is a conventional extruder known per se, in which the softened plastic material is compressed and thereby sliced, and the melt then exits on the opposite side of the extruder head.
The mixing and / or comminution tools 3 or the knives 14 are located at almost the same height or plane as the central longitudinal axis 15 of the extruder 5. The outermost ends of the blades 14 are sufficiently spaced from the webs of the screw 6.
In the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2, the extruder 5, as mentioned, is tangentially connected to the container 1 or extends tangentially to its cross section. The imaginary extension of the central longitudinal axis 15 of the extruder 5 or the screw 6 against the conveying direction 17 of the extruder 5 to the rear, leads in the drawing next to the axis of rotation 10 over without cutting them. The longitudinal axis 15 of the extruder 5 or the screw 6 is on the outlet side to the 13 ** · 13 ** · 9 ······. Longitudinal axis 15 parallel to the axis of rotation * Yo ** of * fresh- * and / or crushing tool 3 in the conveying direction 17 of the extruder 5 outwardly directed radials 11th the container 1 is offset by a distance 18. In the present case, the rearward extension of the longitudinal axis 15 of the extruder 5 does not penetrate the interior of the container 1, but runs just past it.
The distance 18 is slightly larger than the radius of the container 1. The extruder 5 is thus slightly offset from the outside or the catchment area is slightly deeper.
Under the terms "opposite", " opposite " or "opposing" is understood herein to mean any orientation of the vectors to each other which is not acute-angled, as will be explained in detail below.
In other words, the scalar product is a directional vector 19 of the direction of rotation 12, which is tangent to the circle of the outermost point of the mixing and / or comminution tool 3 or tangential to the plastic material passing past the opening 8 and the direction of rotation 12 the mixing and / or crushing tools 3, and a direction vector 17 of the conveying direction of the extruder 5, which is parallel to the central longitudinal axis 15 in the conveying direction at each point of the opening 8 and in the region radially immediately in front of the opening 8, zero everywhere or negative, but nowhere positive.
In the intake opening in FIGS. 1 and 2, the dot product of the direction vector 19 of the direction of rotation 12 and the direction vector 17 of the conveying direction in each point of the opening 8 is negative.
The angle α between the directional vector 17 of the conveying direction and the directional vector of the direction of rotation 19, measured in the most upstream of the direction of rotation 12 point 20 of the opening 8 and at the most upstream edge of the opening 8, is almost maximum, about 170 ° ,
If you move along the opening 8 in Fig. 2 down, so in the direction of rotation 12, on, so the obtuse angle between the two direction vectors is always larger. In the middle of the opening 8, the angle between the directional vectors is about 180 ° and the scalar product is maximum negative, further below that the angle is even > 180 ° and the scalar product decreases again, but always remains negative. These hints), however, are no longer referred to as angles α, since they are not measured in point 20.
A not shown in Fig. 2, in the middle or, in the center of the opening 8 measured angle ß between the direction vector of the direction of rotation 19 and the direction vector of the conveying direction 17 is about 178 ° to 180 °. 14 14
The device according to FIG. 2 represents the first limit case or extreme value. In such an arrangement, a very gentle stuffing action or a particularly advantageous feeding is possible and such a device is particularly suitable for sensitive materials which are processed near the melting region or for long-striped good.
The section in which the melting of the material takes place is shown particularly clearly in FIG. 2. An analogous device, in a side sectional view, is also shown in Fig. 5c.
The housing 16, in which the worm 6 rotates, is subdivided into two spatially separated, adjacent chambers 40, 41 which are fluidically separated from one another by a blocking component 49, for example a return thread (FIG. 5), in the further upstream , the container 1 near the front chamber 40 is the first screw section of the screw 6 and the intake opening 80, from which the material from the container 1 enters the screw 6. In the further downstream, rear chamber 41 is the second screw section and there is at least one vent opening 42 formed for the escape of gases and a terminal outlet opening 43, from which the cleaned and degassed melt leaves the extruder 5.
The two chambers 40,41 are fluidly connected to each other by at least one channel 44, In this channel 44, a melt filter 45 is arranged through which the melt must pass. The degassing opening 42, viewed in the conveying direction of the extruder 5, is located downstream of the junction 46 of the channel 44 in the rear chamber 41 and upstream of the outlet opening 43.
The material passing from the container 1 into the screw 6 is melted in the first screw section or in the front chamber 40, then enters the channel 44 through an orifice 47 and is filtered through the melt filter 45. The filtered melt then enters through the junction 46 in the second screw section and in the second chamber 41.
Thereafter, the melt passes into a homogenizing unit 48. This is usually a rotary body, e.g. a screw whose design has a certain sequence of shear areas and mixing areas. The intimate mixing for the homogenization of the polymer is accomplished by complex flow conditions in the interior of the rotary body or the screw or the corresponding screw sections. In addition to axial flows in the conveying direction 17, radial flows * and * Xxtalströ'm ments against the conveying direction 17, so-called leakage currents occur. In the shear regions, a temperature increase of the melt, wherein in the mixing areas a mixing of the sheared Teiie with the less sheared parts and thus a certain temperature compensation takes place, in this way, the Störteilchen crushed, distributed and the melt is effectively homogenized and prepared for degassing ,
Directly thereafter, a degassing unit is provided to remove any gas bubbles and gas inclusions from the homogenized melt. The gas can escape through the vent openings 42.
After passing through these vent openings 42, the plastic material passes through a discharge unit, e.g. in the form of a discharge screw with a low shear rate, to the outlet opening 43, to the tools, not shown, or subsequent processing units, e.g. Granuliereinrichtungen, can be connected.
Suitably, the two screw sections of the chambers 40,41 are mounted in bores of the housing 16, which bores are arranged coaxially relative to each other and each having the same diameter. The coaxial arrangement of the two screw sections and the homogenizer 48 makes it possible in a simple manner to combine these two screw sections into a single structure with a common core and drive the two screw sections together from one side, ie from the lower in FIG in Fig. 5 left side. If a return thread 49 is used, then this lies outside on the single screw 6, which extends from the container 1 through to the outlet opening 43.
In order to favor the degassing of the processed plastic material in the chamber 41, a pressure-free zone is provided in the region between the junction 46 and the degassing opening 42, which is formed by a reduced core diameter of the screw 6. After the degassing opening 42, this reduced core diameter reverts to the full core diameter of the discharge unit in order to keep the plastic material under pressure again and thus sufficiently plasticized. This can be seen for example in the device according to FIG. 5c.
In Fig. 2, the characteristic lengths and sections of the chambers 40,41 or the screw 6 are shown only by way of example. These are, like the other features shown in the figures, only schematic and not to scale or relatively correct and have been partially shortened by interruptions schematically. 16
FIGS. 3 and 4 show details of the transition area from the cutter compactor to the extruder 5 and serve primarily to illustrate the connection possibilities of the extruder 5 with respect to the direction of rotation.
In Fig. 3, an alternative embodiment is shown, in which the extruder 5 is not connected tangentially, but with its end face 7 to the container 1. The screw 6 and the housing 16 of the extruder 5 are adapted in the region of the opening 8 to the contour of the inner wall of the container 1 and set back flush. No part of the extruder 5 protrudes through the opening 8 into the interior of the container 1.
The distance 18 here corresponds to about 5 to 10% of the radius 11 of the container 1 and about half the inner diameter d of the housing 16. This Ausführungsfrom thus represents the second limiting case or extreme value with the smallest possible offset or distance 18, in which the rotary or the direction of movement 12 of the mixing and / or crushing tools 3 of the conveying direction 17 of the extruder 5 is at least slightly opposite, namely over the entire surface of the opening eighth
The scalar product is exactly zero in FIG. 3 at the most upstreammost point 20 located at the most upstream edge of the orifice 8. The angle α between the direction vector 17 of the conveying direction and the direction vector of the direction of rotation 19, measured at point 20 of Fig. 3, exactly 90 °. If you continue along the opening 8 down, ie in the direction of rotation 12, on, so the angle between the direction vectors is always larger and at an obtuse angle > 90 "and the scalar product becomes negative at the same time. However, at no point or in any area of the opening 8 is the scale product positive or the angle less than 90 °. As a result, local overfeeding can not take place even in a partial region of the opening 8 or, in any region of the opening 8, there can be no harmful inflated tamping action.
This also makes a decisive difference to a purely radial arrangement, since at point 20 or at the edge 20 'with a fully radial arrangement of the extruder 5 an angle α < 90 ° and those areas of the opening 8, which are located in the drawing above the radial 11 and upstream or upstream thereof, would have a positive scalar product. This could lead to accumulation of locally melted plastic goods in these areas.
FIG. 4 shows a further alternative embodiment in which the extruder 5 is displaced slightly more downstream than in FIG. 3, but not yet tangentially as in FIGS. 1 and 2. In the present case, as in FIG. 3, the extension of the longitudinal axis 15 of the extruder 5, which is intended to be rearward, penetrates the interior of the container 1 in a secant manner. As a result, the opening 8 is wider than in the embodiment according to FIG Angle α measured at point 20 is about 150 °, which reduces the stuffing effect compared to the device of figure 3, which is more advantageous for certain sensitive polymers. The viewed from the container 1 from right inner edge or the inner wall of the housing 16 connects tangentially to the container 1, whereby, in contrast to Fig. 3 no blunt transitional edge is formed. In this most downstream point of the opening 8, in Fig. 4 far left, the angle is about 180 °.
In Figs. 5a, b and c is a very similar to Fig. 2 device from different perspectives - in a sectional view from the side (Fig. 5a), a sectional view from above (Fig. 5b) and a sectional view from the side to Turned 90 ° (Fig. 5c) - shown. For this purpose, the comments on FIG. 2 apply analogously.

权利要求:
Claims (19)
[1]
1. A device for pretreating and subsequently plastifying plastics, in particular thermoplastic waste plastics for recycling purposes, with a container (1) for the material to be processed, wherein in the container (1) at least one revolving mixing element rotatable about an axis of rotation (10). and / or comminution tool (3) for mixing, heating and optionally comminuting the plastic material, wherein in a side wall (9) of the container (1) in the region of the height of the bottom or bottom mixing and / or crushing tool (3) an opening (8) is formed, through which the pretreated plastic material from the interior of the container (1) can be discharged, wherein at least one extruder or compressor (5) is provided for receiving the pretreated material, with at least one in a housing (16 ), plasticizing screw (6), wherein the housing (16) od at its end face (7) od it has in its shell wall inlet opening (80) for the of the screw (6) to be detected material, and the inlet opening (80) with the opening (8) is in communication, wherein the housing (16) in two spatially separate chambers (40,41) is divided or two spatially separate chambers (40,41) voriiegen, of which the further upstream, front chamber (40) the inlet opening (80) and the downstream, rear chamber (41) at least one Entgasungsöffnung (42) for the escape of gases, and an outlet opening (43) for the cleaned and degassed melt, wherein the two chambers (40,41) by at least one channel (44) are interconnected, in which at least one melt filter ( 45), through which the melt passes, and wherein each vent opening (42), downstream in the conveying direction of the extruder (SJ 'behind the junction (46) of each channel (44) in the rear chamber (41) and upstream of the outlet opening (43) is arranged, characterized in that the imaginary extension of the central longitudinal axis (15) of the extruder (5) or the feed opening (80) nearest the screw (6) against the conveying direction (17) of the extruder (5) on the axis of rotation (10) passes without cutting, wherein the longitudinal axis (15) of the extruder (5) or of the intake opening (80) nearest screw (6) on the drain side or in rotary or Movement direction (12) of the mixing and / or crushing tool (3) to the longitudinal axis (15) parallel, from the axis of rotation (10) of the mixing and / or crushing tool (3) in the conveying direction (17) of the extruder (5). outwardly directed radial (11) of the container (1) is offset by a distance (18), and that the length (L) of the screw (6) in the front chamber (40), measured from the in the conveying direction of the screw (6 ) downstream edge (20 ') of the inlet gsöffnung (80), to the housing (16) formed in the mouth (47) of the furthest upstream channel to the melt filter (45) leading channel (44), in a range of 10 to 40 times, preferably 15- 30 times the nominal diameter (d) of the screw (6), and that the distance from the junction (46) of the channel (44) into the rear chamber (41) to the most upstream degassing opening (42) in a range between 1.5 to 15 times, preferably 3 to 12 times, the nominal diameter (d) of the screw (6).
[2]
2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that downstream of the junction (46) of the channel (44) in the rear chamber (41) and before the furthest upstream degassing port (42) has a homogenization unit (48) for homogenizing the filtered Melt is connected or that the screw (6) aulweist in this area has a homogenization of the melt causing gear geometry, wherein the melt is preferably subjected to an intense shear stress and tensile stress and greatly accelerated.
[3]
3. Device according to one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the homogenization unit (48), in particular the screw (6), a, preferably upstream, section, with which the melt is sheared and another, preferably downstream thereof located, with which the melt is mixed.
[4]
4. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the container (1), the extruder (5), the chambers (40,41), the / the melt filter (45), the homogenizing unit (48), and the degassing opening (s) (42) are arranged axially one behind the other or lie on a common longitudinal axis (15) or about a common longitudinal axis (15).
[5]
5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the two chambers (40,41) by a on the circumference of the screw (6) provided return feed thread (49) are separated.
[6]
6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the orifice (47) and the junction (46) of the channel (44) immediately before or after the return thread (49) off or open.
[7]
7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the screw (6) between the junction (46) of the channel (44) in the rear chamber (41) and the most upstream degassing port (42) has a , Preferably, up to the degassing openings (42) reaching, depressurizing zone causing gear geometry has been designed or decompressing.
[8]
8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that for an associated with the container (1) extruder (5) the scalar product formed from the tangential to the circle of the radially outermost point of the mixing and / or crushing tool ( 3) or tangentially to the plastic material moved past the opening (8) and oriented normal to a radial (11) of the container (1), pointing in the direction of rotation or movement (12) of the mixing and / or comminution tool (3) Direction vector of the direction of rotation (19) and the direction vector (17) of the conveying direction of the extruder (5) in each individual point or in the entire region of the opening (8) or immediately radially in front of the opening (8) is zero or negative.
[9]
9. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the direction vector of the direction of rotation (19) of the radially outermost point of the mixing and / or crushing tool (3) and the directional vector (17) of the conveying direction of the extruder (5) Include angle (a) greater than or equal to 90 ° and less than or equal to 180 °, measured at the intersection of the two directional vectors (17,19) with respect to the direction of rotation or movement (12) of the mixing and / or crushing tool (3) upstream inlet side edge of the opening (8), in particular in the furthest upstream point (20) on this edge or the opening (8).
[10]
10. Device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the direction vector (19) of the rotational or movement direction (12) and the direction vector (17) of the conveying direction of the extruder (5) an angle (ß) between 170 ° and 180 °, measured at the intersection of the two directional vectors (17,19) in the center of the opening (8).
[11]
11. Device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the distance (18) is greater than or equal to half the inner diameter of the housing (16) of the extruder (5) or the screw (6), and / or greater than or equal to 7%, preferably greater than or equal to 20%, of the radius of the container (1) or that the distance (18) is greater than or equal to the radius of the container (1).
[12]
12. Device according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the imaginary extension of the longitudinal axis (15) of the extruder (5) counter to the conveying direction in the manner of a secant to the cross section of the container (1) is arranged and the interior of the container ( 1) interspersed at least in sections.
[13]
13. Device according to one of the claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the extruder (5) is tangentially connected to the container (1) or tangential to the cross section of the container (1) runs or that the longitudinal axis (15) of the extruder (5) or the screw (6) or the longitudinal axis of the screw (6) closest to the intake opening (80) or the inner wall of the housing (16) or the envelope of the check (6) tangentially to the inside of the side wall (9) of the Container (1) extends, wherein preferably the screw (6) on its end face (7) is connected to a drive and at its opposite end to a front end of the housing (16) arranged outlet opening, in particular an extruder head promotes.
[14]
14. Device according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the opening (8) directly and directly and without significant spacing, in particular without transfer path or screw conveyor, with the intake opening (80) is connected.
[15]
15. Device according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the mixing and / or crushing tool (3) tools and / or knives (14), in the rotational or movement direction (12) comminuting to the plastic material, acting cutting and heating, the tools and / or knives (14) preferably on or on a, in particular parallel to the bottom surface (12), arranged, rotatable tool carrier (13), in particular a carrier disc (13), are formed or arranged.
[16]
16. Device according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the plastic material acting in the direction of rotation or movement (12) facing the front areas or leading edges (22) of the mixing and / or crushing tools (3) or Knife (14) are formed differently, distressed, curved and / or arranged in comparison to the in the direction of rotation or movement (12) rear or trailing areas.
[17]
17. The device according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the container (1) is substantially circular cylindrical with a flat Bodenfiäche (2) and a vertically oriented cylinder jacket-shaped side wall (9) is ausgebiidet and / or the axis of rotation (10) the mixing and / or crushing tools (3) with the central Mitteiachse of the container (1) coincides and / or the axis of rotation (12) or the central Mitteiachse vertically and / or normal to the bottom surface (2) are aligned.
[18]
18. Device according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the lowermost tool carrier (13) or the lowest of the mixing and / or crushing tools (3) and / or the opening (8) close to the ground at a small distance to the bottom surface ( 2), in particular in the region of the lowest quarter of the height of the container (1), preferably at a distance from the bottom surface (2) of 10 mm to 400 mm are arranged.
[19]
19. Device according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the extruder (5) is a single screw extruder (6) with a single compressing screw (6) or is a double or multiple screw extruder, wherein the diameters d of the individual screws ( 6) are equal to each other. Vienna, on October 14, 2011

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同族专利:

公开号 | 公开日

DE202012012584U1|2013-06-07|

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CA2851653C|2018-04-10|

UA110410C2|2015-12-25|

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KR20140079476A|2014-06-26|

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SI2766163T1|2016-04-29|

AU2012323814B2|2016-02-25|

US9216522B2|2015-12-22|

AU2012323814A1|2014-05-15|

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