• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a device for pretreating and subsequently conveying or plasticizing plastics with a container (1) having a mixing and / or comminution tool (3) which can be rotated about a rotation axis (10), wherein an opening (8) is provided in a side wall (9). is formed, through which the plastic material is ausbringbar, wherein a conveyor (5) is provided, with a in a housing (16) rotating screw (6). The invention is characterized in that the imaginary extension of the longitudinal axis (15) of the conveyor (5) against the conveying direction (17) on the axis of rotation (10) passes, wherein the longitudinal axis (15) on the outlet side to the longitudinal axis (15) parallel radials (11) is offset by a distance (18), that the L / D ratio of the screw (6) is> 7, and that the compressive configuration of the screw (6) is only from a distance (A) of more than 1 , 5 times the diameter (d) of the screw (6) begins.
    公开号:AT512207A1
    申请号:T1507/2011
    申请日:2011-10-14
    公开日:2013-06-15
    发明作者:
    申请人:Erema；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    • φ I · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ··· ··· ···· · * ·, Ä 4_, 16400/5/5
    Device for processing plastic material
    The invention relates to a device according to the preamble of claim 1.
    Numerous similar devices of various types are known in the prior art, comprising a receptacle or cutting compactor for comminuting, heating, softening and processing a plastic material to be recycled and a conveyor or extruder connected thereto for melting the material prepared in this way. The aim is to obtain a high quality end product, usually in the form of granules.
    Thus, for example, in EP 123 771 or EP 303 929 devices are described with a receptacle and an extruder connected thereto, wherein the plastic material supplied to the receptacle crushed by rotating the crushing and mixing tools and brought into thrombus circulation and heated simultaneously by the introduced energy , This forms a mixture with sufficiently good thermal homogeneity. This mixture is discharged after appropriate residence time from the receptacle in the screw extruder, promoted and thereby plasticized or melted. The screw extruder is arranged approximately at the height of the crushing tools. In this way, the softened plastic particles are actively pressed or stuffed by the mixing tools into the extruder.
    Most of these long-known constructions are not satisfactory in view of the quality of the machined plastic material obtained at the exit of the screw and / or with regard to the ejection of the screw. Investigations have shown that the requirements for the screw following the container, usually a plasticizing screw, are unequal in the course of operation. For thermally and mechanically homogeneous material is usually a quality improvement of the material obtained at the exit of the screw, if the flight depth of Meteringszone the screw is very large and the screw speed is kept very low. Investigations have shown that the reason for this is that the processed material is subjected to low shear by such a screw geometry. The shear of the processed material (shear rate) is calculated from the peripheral speed of the worm, divided by the flight depth • · · «·· * · · t • I ··« «# · · · ♦ ·« · ** # · • · · «·» «· · ·
    # ··· «·· V ·· ··· · * ···· ··· the worm. By such a screw geometry, the material is mechanically and thermally stressed only low.
    However, if emphasis is placed on increasing the output of the screw or improving the performance of, for example, a shredder-extruder combination, then the screw speed must be increased, which means that the shear is also increased. As a result, however, the processed material is mechanically and thermally stressed by the screw higher.
    However, both in slow-running and deep-cut worm with large flight depth and in rapidly running worm, the already mentioned different quality of individual worm-fed material parts, e.g. different floc size and / or different temperature of the plastic material, disadvantageous in terms of inhomogeneities of the plastic material obtained at the screw exit. To lend off these inhomogeneities, the temperature profile of the extruder is raised in practice, which means that additional energy must be supplied to the plastic, which results in the mentioned thermal damage of the plastic material and an increased energy requirement. In addition, the plastic material obtained at the extruder outlet is thereby reduced in its viscosity, ie less viscous, which brings difficulties of further processing of this material with it.
    From this it can be seen that the favorable process parameters for obtaining a good material quality at the screw outlet contradict each other.
    The extruder screw has the fundamental task to collect the plastic material, promote, melt or agglomerate and then homogenize. For this she has to build up a certain pressure.
    Basically, a classic core-progressive extruder screw is divided into three functional areas. Such a three-zone screw is the most common type of screw used to process a large number of material types. In the feed zone, the material is drawn into the area of the screw and conveyed by the rotation of the screw. In the compression zone, the material is compacted by the decreasing flight depth and melted or agglomerated. In the metering zone, the melt or agglomerate is brought to the desired processing temperature and homogenized and completely melted. In addition, the necessary pressure is built up to overcome the tool resistance. This has an influence on the throughput.
    Of essential importance for the melting or Agglomerierverhalten of reaching from the cutter compactor in the extruder pretreated or softened • • • * I • # ·· «* • ·« «·,
    Polymer material and the final final quality of the product and subsequently for the throughput or output of the extruder, are therefore u.a. the length of the individual zones, as well as the parameters of the screw, e.g. their thickness, flight depths etc ..
    In the case of the cutter compactor / extruder combinations present here, however, special conditions exist because the material which enters the extruder is not introduced directly, untreated and cold, but has already been pretreated in the cutter compactor, i. heated, softened and / or partially crystallized, etc. was. This is decisive for the course of the extrusion and the final quality of the melt or the end products.
    The two systems, that is the cutter compactor and the extruder, influence each other and the results of the extrusion depend strongly on the pretreatment, just as the extrusion can balance and influence certain parameters of the pretreatment.
    An important area is therefore the interface between the cutter compactor and the extruder, ie the area where the pretreated material is transferred from the cutter compactor to the extruder. On the one hand, this is a purely mechanical problem because two differently operating devices must be coupled together here. In addition, this interface is also delicate for the polymer material, since the material is usually present in a strongly softened state near the melting region, but must not melt. If the temperature is too low, the throughput and the quality decrease, the temperature is too high and in some places an unwanted melting takes place, so the collection clogged.
    In addition, a precise metering and feeding of the extruder is difficult because it is a closed system and no direct access to the feeder, but the feeding of the material in the extruder from the cutter compactor out, not directly, for example via a gravimetric dosing , can be influenced.
    It is thus crucial to carry out this transition both mechanically considered, so with understanding of the polymer properties, and at the same time to pay attention to the efficiency of the overall process, ie on high throughput and appropriate quality. Here are partly conflicting requirements to consider.
    The above-mentioned, known from the prior art devices have in common that the conveying or rotating direction of the mixing and crushing tools and thus the direction in which the material particles circulate in the receptacle, and the conveying direction of the extruder substantially ·· 4 · ··· «·» · »···························································································. ·· * · * ·· are the same or in the same direction. This deliberately chosen arrangement was guided by the desire to stuff the material as possible in the snail or force feeding it. This idea, the particles in Schneckenförderrichtung in the conveyor or. To stuff extruder screw, was also quite obvious and corresponded to the common ideas of the expert, since the particles do not have to reverse their direction of movement and thus no additional force is needed for the reversal of direction. In the process, and in the case of further developments, the aim was always to create the highest possible screw loading and to reinforce this stuffing effect. For example, attempts have also been made to conically expand the intake area of the extruder or to curve the shredding tools in a sickle-shaped manner so that they can feed the softened material into the screw in a spatula-like manner. Due to the inflow-side displacement of the extruder from a radial to a tangential position to the container, the stuffing effect was further enhanced and the plastic material from the rotating tool even more pressed or pressed into the extruder.
    Such devices are basically functional and work satisfactorily, albeit with recurrent problems:
    Thus, for example, with materials having a low energy content, e.g. PET fibers or sheets, or materials having an early tack or softening point, such as e.g. Polylactic acid (PLA), observed over and over again the effect that the conscious same-sense plugging of the plastic material in the intake area of the extruder under pressure leads to premature melting of the material immediately after or in the intake area of the extruder. As a result, on the one hand, the conveying effect of the extruder is reduced, and it can also lead to a partial reflux of this melt in the area of the cutting compressor or receiving container, which means that still unmelted flakes adhere to the melt, thereby cooling the melt again and partially solidifies and forms in this way a schwuistartiges structure or conglomerate of partially solidified melt and solid plastic particles. As a result, the intake of the extruder clogged and stick the mixing and crushing tools. As a result, the throughput of the extruder is reduced because there is no longer sufficient filling of the screw. In addition, the mixing and comminution tools can get stuck. As a rule, in such cases, the system must be shut down and completely cleaned.
    Additionally, problems arise with those polymeric materials that have been heated in the cutter compactor to near their melting range. If the catchment area is overfilled, the material melts and the feeder sinks. 5 * • »» ft ft · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
    Also in the case of mostly stretched, striated, fibrous fibers, longitudinal expansion and a small thickness or rigidity, for example in the case of plastic films cut into strips, results in problems. This primarily by the fact that the elongated material adheres to the downstream end of the feed opening of the screw, wherein one end of the strip protrudes into the receptacle and the other end in the catchment area. Since both the mixing tools and the worm run in the same direction or exert the same Förderrichtungs- and pressure component on the material, both ends of the strip in the same direction tensile and pressurized and the strip can not solve. This in turn leads to an accumulation of the material in this area, to a narrowing of the cross section of the intake opening and to a poor intake behavior and subsequently to loss of revenue. In addition, it may be due to the increased feed pressure in this area to melt, which in turn occur the problems mentioned above.
    To such co-rotating cutting compressor different extruder were connected, the results were basically quite acceptable and appealing. The animeiderin, however, has made extensive research to further improve the overall system.
    The present invention has the object to overcome the disadvantages mentioned and to improve a device of the type described above so that, in addition to the usual materials, even sensitive or strip-like materials easily recovered from the screw and with high material quality, as space-saving, time-efficient and energy-saving and can be processed or treated with high throughput.
    This object is achieved in a device of the type mentioned by the characterizing features of claim 1.
    It is initially provided that the imaginary extension of the central longitudinal axis of the extruder, if this aulweist only a single screw, or the longitudinal axis of the feed opening nearest screw when the extruder has more than one screw, against the conveying direction of the extruder at the axis of rotation without the latter passes through, the longitudinal axis of the extruder, if this has a single screw, or the longitudinal axis of the screw closest to the intake opening, on the outlet side parallel to the longitudinal axis parallel to the longitudinal axis, from the axis of rotation of the mixing and / or Zeykfelnerüngswerfcj & ugs in the conveying direction of the extruder outwardly directed radials of the container is offset by a distance.
    Thus, the conveying direction of the mixing tools and the conveying direction of the extruder is no longer, as known from the prior art, in the same direction, but at least slightly in opposite directions, whereby the initially mentioned Stopfeffekt is reduced. By deliberately reversing the direction of rotation of the mixing and crushing tools compared to previously known devices, the feed pressure on the catchment area decreases and the risk of overfilling is reduced. Excess material is not stuffed or filled in this way with excessive pressure in the catchment area of the extruder, but on the contrary excess material is even tending to be removed from there, so that while there is always sufficient material in the catchment area, but almost no pressure or only a small amount Pressure is applied. In this way, the extruder screw can be sufficiently befüilt and always enough material to move, without resulting in overfilling of the screw and subsequently to local pressure peaks, where the material could melt.
    In this way, the material in the area of the extruder feed is prevented from melting, which increases the operational efficiency, lengthens the maintenance intervals and shortens the downtimes by means of frequent repairs and cleaning measures.
    By reducing the feed pressure react slider, with which the degree of filling of the screw can be regulated in a known manner, much more sensitive and the degree of filling of the screw can be adjusted even more accurately. Especially for heavier materials, such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or PET regrind, it is easier to find the optimum operating point of the system.
    In addition, it has proved to be surprisingly advantageous that materials which have already been softened to near melt, are better fed in the counter-rotating operation according to the invention. In particular, when the material is already in doughy or softened state, the screw cuts the material from the doughy ring, which is close to the container wall. In a direction of rotation in the conveying direction of the extruder screw, this ring would rather be pushed further and there could be no scraping by the screw, whereby the feeder would decrease. This is avoided by reversing the direction of rotation according to the invention.
    In addition, when processing the above-described streaky or fibrous materials, the formed impurities or accumulations can be more easily solved. 7 * * * * · · · «· m ·· • * ··· *« »• · · · ·» ·· · ············································································································································································································································································································································ show slightly opposite directions, whereby an elongated strip can not bend and impose on this edge, but is entrained by the Mischtrombe in the receptacle again.
    Overall, the inventive design improves the intake behavior and increases the throughput significantly. The overall system of cutter compactor and extruder thus becomes more stable and efficient.
    Closely related to this is the special configuration of the screw, especially in the catchment area and in the compression zone. The Applicant has surprisingly found that the intake behavior can be further improved by a special screw geometry. It is provided that the L / D ratio of the screw from the end of the intake opening s 7 is. In other words, the ratio of the length of the screw - measured from the downstream in the conveying direction of the screw edge of the feed opening or from lying on this edge, in the conveying direction of the screw furthest downstream point - to the distal, distal end of the screw or the housing, or to the earliest, furthest upstream, formed in the housing, outlet opening for the melt or the agglomerate, the nominal diameter of the screw 2 7. From the downstream in the conveying direction of the screw edge of the feed opening of the full starts from Housing enclosed part of the screw. The diameter of the screw is the mean diameter in the area downstream of the intake opening.
    Weather is provided that the compressive configuration of the screw only from a distance A of more than 1.5 times the diameter of the screw measured from the downstream in the conveying direction of the screw edge of the feed opening or from lying on this edge, in Direction of conveyance of the screw furthest downstream point - begins. For a gentle introduction is ensured and alifäliige local pressure peaks on the material or overfeeding be avoided or compensated.
    In the area in front of the screw is essentially without compression, so not compressing, or even designed decompressing. This is particularly advantageous in the field of collection.
    The beginning of the compressive configuration of the screw is understood as the point at which the helix pitch angle > Γ is or reaches this value for the first time and becomes larger. In the area cfer StSigurtgsWilkdr *: 1 ° and the screw essentially does not or hardly compresses. This pitch angle of the screw is determined by making a section through the screw in the middle along its central longitudinal axis. In each flight the lowest point is taken and the points are connected. This results in a straight line or a curve which has an angle, the pitch angle, in relation to the longitudinal axis of the worm or to a parallel of the longitudinal axis. The pitch angle is thus a measure of the compressing properties of the screw or for the compressive action of the screw on the material. The larger the pitch angle, the more compressive the worm. In the range of < 1® is the compressing effect but still negligible. Although the pitch angle can not be negative, in a decompressing configured worm, the slope of this set by the points line is negative in the conveying direction.
    The provision of a certain pressureless zone on the one hand has the advantage, without too much shear, to gently introduce energy into the material, e.g. by heaters mounted on the extruder. On the other hand, the construction of the extruder is unnecessarily prolonged by too long a pressureless zone, even if there is no need to make the non-pressurized zone too long, since the material coming from the cutting compressor, already preheated in any case. By using the preheated and homogenized material from the cutter compactor, there is also the possibility to make the compression zone shorter, since there is already enough internal energy in the material and only a short one
    Compression zone is required to melt the material.
    It was thereby a specific embodiment of a cutting compressor
    Extruder system created, comprising a specially designed cutter compactor with a special direction of rotation of the tools to deliver the softened material to the extruder effectively but gently, and a specially designed extruder, with a screw that surprisingly well retracts especially in combination with this cutter compactor and then compacted the material. As mentioned, the feed behavior is decisive for the material quality of the melt or agglomerate and of the end product and also for the throughput of the system.
    Comparative tests of the applicant have shown the following: 9 • * · + * *
    It was once a fibrous Biopolyrrier, namely Potyrnifchsailre (PLA) in a system according to the invention as shown in FIG. 1 or 2 (counter-rotating, L / D = 14, A = 2) and once in a structurally similar known system (in the same direction rotating, L / D = 15, A = 2.5) with otherwise identical parameters.
    Samples of the melt at the end of the extruder were taken continuously and the MFI value (melt flow index in g / 10 min) was determined according to IS01133: 1997. These results are summarized in FIG.
    It can be seen that in the case of the known system, a significantly greater fluctuation range of the MFI values is established. This may be due, inter alia, to the fact that the filling of the screw is uneven, which leads to oxidative and thermal degradation of the material when underfilling and the material is thereby thinner and thus the MFI value is higher. This could be due to increased entanglement of the material at the throat, which leads in phases to underfeeding and in phases to overfeeding, which then leads to these fluctuating viscosity values. It is desirable to achieve as constant a MFI value as possible and at the same time to obtain an MFI value which is as similar as possible to the initial value of the treated material. Both are achieved by the system according to the invention, and, as can be seen in FIG. 5, the constancy is greater or the fluctuation range of the MFI values is considerably lower.
    Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are described by the following features:
    A particularly advantageous embodiment provides that the compressive configuration of the screw in the area in front of a distance B of a maximum of 30-fold, in particular of a maximum of 20 times the diameter measured from the downstream in the conveying direction of the screw edge or the furthest downstream point the intake opening, begins. The pressureless zone needs > or may not be trained too long. On the one hand, this would unnecessarily prolong the plant, on the other hand, too long a promotion of the material until melting or compacting difficult and also not conducive to the quality.
    According to a further advantageous embodiment with improved performance, it is provided that the ratio of the length L of the screw, measured from the downstream edge to the conveying direction edge or the furthest downstream point of the intake opening to the housing formed in the outlet opening at the container distant * End ** of the screw, to the nominal diameter d of the screw> 10, in particular> 14.
    Furthermore, it is advantageous for the intake behavior when the compressive configuration of the screw only from a distance A of more than 2 times, preferably 3 times, diameter d of the screw, measured from the downstream in the conveying direction of the screw edge or the furthest downstream point of the intake opening begins.
    A structurally advantageous and an effective melting performance providing embodiment provides that the length of the compressive configuration of the screw, so in a 3-zone screw, the length of the compression zone to metering zone, in the range of 0.5 to 7 times, preferably of 1 to 5 times the diameter of the screw.
    According to an advantageous further development of the invention, it is provided that the extruder is arranged on the receptacle so that the scalar product from the tangential to the circle of the radially outermost point of the mixing and / or crushing tool or to the opening past plastic material and normal to a radial of the receiving container aligned, pointing in the direction of rotation or movement of the mixing and / or crushing tool direction vector (direction vector of the direction of rotation) and the direction vector of the conveying direction of the extruder in each individual point or in the entire region of the opening or in each individual point or in the entire area immediately radially in front of the opening, zero or negative. The area immediately radially in front of the opening is defined as the area in front of the opening at which the material is just before passing through the opening but has not yet passed through the opening. In this way, the advantages mentioned above are achieved and effectively avoided any agglomeration caused by stuffing effects in the region of the intake opening. In particular, it does not depend on the spatial arrangement of the mixing tools and the screw to each other, for example, the axis of rotation must not be aligned normal to the bottom surface or to the longitudinal axis of the extruder or the screw. The direction vector of the direction of rotation and the direction vector of the conveying direction lie in one, preferably horizontal, plane, or in a plane oriented normal to the axis of rotation.
    A further advantageous embodiment results from the fact that the direction vector of the direction of rotation of the mixing and / or crushing tool with the direction vector of the conveying direction of the extruder includes an angle greater than or equal to 90 ° and less than or equal to 180 °, wherein the angle at the intersection of the two Directional vectors are measured at the upstream edge of the opening, in particular at the furthest upstream point on that edge or opening. This describes the angle range in which the extruder must be arranged on the receptacle in order to achieve the advantageous effects. In the entire region of the opening or in each individual point of the opening, an at least slight opposing orientation of the forces acting on the material or, in the extreme case, a pressure-neutral transverse alignment occurs. At no point in the opening is the scalar product of the directional vectors of the mixing tools and the screw positive, not even in a portion of the opening thus occurs too much stuffing effect.
    A further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the direction vector of the direction of rotation or movement with the direction vector of the conveying direction includes an angle between 170 ° and 180 °, measured at the intersection of the two directional vectors in the middle of the opening. Such an arrangement applies, for example, when the extruder is arranged tangentially on the cutting compressor.
    To ensure that no excessive tamping occurs, it may be advantageously provided that the distance or the offset of the longitudinal axis to the radial is greater than or equal to half the inner diameter of the housing of the extruder or the pint.
    Furthermore, it may be advantageous in this sense, the distance or the offset of the longitudinal axis to the radial greater than or equal to 7%, even more advantageously equal to 20%, to dimension the radius of the receptacle. For extruders with an extended catchment area or a grooved bush or extended pocket, it may be advantageous if this distance or this offset is greater than or equal to the radius of the receptacle. In particular, this applies to cases in which the extruder is connected tangentially to the receptacle or runs tangentially to the cross section of the container.
    It is particularly advantageous if the longitudinal axis of the extruder or the screw or the longitudinal axis of the intake nearest worm or the inner wall of the housing or the envelope of the pebbles tangent to the inside of the side wall of the container, preferably with the screw on its face a drive is connected and at its opposite front end to a arranged at the front end of the housing outlet opening, in particular an extruder head promotes.
    At radially offset, but not tangentially arranged, extruders is advantageously provided that the imaginary extension of the longitudinal axis of the 12th
    Extruder contrary to the direction of the interior of the Äufnahmebehalfers * at least partially interspersed as a secant.
    It is advantageous if it is provided that the opening directly and directly and without a longer spacing or transfer distance, e.g. a screw conveyor, is connected to the intake opening. This makes an effective and gentle transfer of material possible.
    The reversal of the direction of rotation of the circulating in the container mixing and crushing tools can not be done only arbitrarily or accidentally, and you can - neither in the known devices nor in the inventive device - the mixing tools not rotate easily in the opposite direction, especially not, because the mixing and crushing tools are arranged asymmetrically in a certain way so that they act only on a single side or in one direction. If one deliberately turned such an apparatus in the wrong direction, neither a good mixed-atom bomb would be formed, nor would the material be sufficiently comminuted or heated. Each cutter compressor thus has its fixed predetermined direction of rotation of the mixing and crushing tools.
    In this connection, it is particularly advantageous if it is provided that the front regions or front edges of the mixing and / or comminution tools, which act on the plastic material and are oriented in the direction of rotation or movement, are differently shaped, curved, adjusted or arranged in comparison to in the direction of rotation or movement rear or trailing areas.
    An advantageous arrangement provides that tools and / or knives are arranged on the mixing and / or comminution tool, which act in the direction of rotation or movement on the plastic material to heat, comminuting and / or cutting. The tools and / or knives can either be fastened directly to the shaft or are preferably arranged on a, in particular parallel to the bottom surface, arranged rotatable tool carrier or a carrier disk or formed therein or, optionally in one piece, integrally formed.
    In principle, the effects mentioned are relevant not only to highly compressive melting extruders or agglomerators, but also to less compressive screw conveyors. Again, local overfeeding is avoided.
    In a further particularly advantageous embodiment, it is provided that the receptacle is substantially cylindrical with a flat bottom surface and a cylinder jacket-shaped side wall oriented vertically thereto. It is also structurally simple if the axis of rotation coincides with the central center axis of the receptacle. In a further advantageous embodiment it is provided that the
    Rotary axis or the central center axis of the container vertically and / orcer are aligned normal to the bottom surface. These special geometries optimize the intake behavior in a structurally stable and simply constructed device.
    In this context, it is also advantageous to provide that the mixing and / or crushing tool, or if more superimposed mixing and / or crushing tools are provided, the lowest, ground-level mixing and / or crushing tool, and the opening in a small Distance to the bottom surface, in particular in the region of the lowest quarter of the height of the receptacle are arranged. The distance is defined and measured from the lowest edge of the opening or the intake opening to the container bottom in the edge region of the container. Since the corner edge is usually rounded, the distance from the lowest edge of the opening along the imaginary extensions of the side wall down to the imaginary extension of the container bottom is measured outwards. Well suitable distances are 10 to 400 mm.
    Furthermore, it is advantageous for processing when the radially outermost edges of the mixing and / or comminution tools reach close to the side wall.
    The container does not necessarily have a circular cylindrical shape, although this form is advantageous for practical and manufacturing reasons: From the circular cylindrical shape deviating container shapes, such as frusto-conical container or cylindrical container with elliptical or oval plan, must be converted to a circular cylindrical container same volume, below the assumption that the height of this fictitious container is equal to its diameter. Container heights, which in this case substantially exceed the mixing drum (taking into account the safety distance), are not taken into consideration, since this excessive container height is not used and therefore has no influence on the material processing.
    The term extruder or compressor is understood in the present text to mean both extruders with which the material is completely or partially melted, for example by extrusion. with a classic three-zone screw, as well as extruder, with which the softened material only agglomerated, but not melted. In Agglomerierschnecken the material is only briefly briefly compressed and sheared, but not plasticized. The Agglomerierschnecke therefore provides at its output material, which is not completely melted, but consists of only on its surface melted particles, which are zusammengebackt a sintering 14 Φ · are. In both cases, however, via the screw * Druci < on dal material exercised and this compacted.
    In the examples described in the following figures, compressing single-screw or single-screw extruders are shown throughout. Alternatively, however, the providence of double or multi-shaft extruders, in particular with several identical screws, which have at least the same diameter d, possible.
    Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the description of the following non-limiting embodiments of the subject invention, which are shown schematically in the drawings and not to scale:
    Fig. 1 shows a vertical section through a device according to the invention with approximately tangentially connected extruder.
    FIG. 2 shows a horizontal section through the embodiment of FIG. 1. FIG.
    Fig. 3 shows another embodiment with minimum offset.
    Fig. 4 shows a further embodiment with greater displacement.
    Neither the containers, nor the screws or the mixing tools are to scale in the drawings, either as such, or in relation to each other. Thus, e.g. in reality, the containers are usually larger or the snails longer than shown here.
    The advantageous high-speed compressor / extruder combination shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 for processing or recycling plastic material has a circular-cylindrical container or cutter 1 with a flat, horizontal bottom surface 2 and a vertical, cylinder-jacket-shaped Side wall 9 on.
    At a small distance to the bottom surface 2, at most in about 10 to 20%, possibly less, the height of the side wall 9 - measured from the bottom surface 2 to the top edge of the side wall 9 - is a parallel to the bottom surface 2 aligned, planar support disk or a tool carrier 13, which is rotatable about a central axis of rotation 10, which is also the central center axis of the container 1, in the direction of rotation 12 marked with an arrow 12. The carrier disk 13 is driven by a motor 21 which is located below the container 1. On the upper side of the carrier disk 13 are knives or tools, e.g.
    Cutting knife, 14 arranged, which together with the T * ger * ger * 'i3 form the mixing and / or crushing tool 3.
    As indicated schematically, the knives 14 are not arranged symmetrically on the support plate 13, but are particularly formed on their pointing in the direction of rotation or movement 12 front edges 22, employed or arranged to be able to act on the plastic material mechanically specific. The radially outermost edges of the mixing and crushing tools 3 extend to relatively close, about 5% of the radius 11 of the container 1, to the inner surface of the side wall 9 zoom.
    The container 1 has at the top a filling opening, through which the material to be processed, e.g. Portions of plastic films, e.g. is inserted by means of a conveyor in the direction of the arrow. Alternatively it can be provided that the container 1 is closed and at least evacuated to a technical vacuum, wherein the material is introduced via a lock systems. This material is detected by the rotating mixing and / or crushing tools 3 and swirled up in the form of a Mischtrombe 30, the good rises along the vertical side wall 9 and approximately in the range of effective container height H by gravity back in and out in the field of Tank center falls back. The effective height H of the container 1 is approximately equal to its inner diameter D. In the container 1 thus forms a Mischtrombe 30, in which the material is swirled both from top to bottom and in the direction of rotation 12. Such a device can thus be operated only with the predetermined direction of rotation or movement 12 due to the particular arrangement of the mixing and crushing tools 3 and the knife 14 and the direction of rotation 12 can not be made without further or without additional changes, be reversed.
    The introduced plastic material is comminuted by the circulating mixing and Zerwerkungsungswerkzeuge 3, mixed and thereby heated by the introduced mechanical friction energy and softened, but not melted. After a certain residence time in the container 1, the homogenized, softened, doughy but not molten material, as will be discussed in detail below, discharged through an opening 8 from the container 1, brought into the catchment area of an extruder 5 and there by a screw 6th recorded and subsequently melted.
    At the height of the single crushing and mixing tool 3 in the present case, the said opening 8 is formed in the side wall 9 of the container 1, through which the pretreated plastic material from the interior of the container 1 can be discharged. The material is transferred to a one-screw extruder 5 arranged tangentially on the container 1, wherein the housing 16 of the extruder 5 has a feed opening 80 for the screw 6 which lies in its manual wall
    I 16 · «* * ι · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
    * * # · + · I has detected material. Such an embodiment has allowed the screw 6 to be driven by the drive shown only schematically in the drawing, so that the end face of the screw 6 upper in the drawing can be kept clear of the drive. This makes it possible to arrange the outlet opening for the plasticized or agglomerated plastic material conveyed by the screw 6 at this upper front end, e.g. in the form of an extruder head, not shown. The plastic material can therefore be conveyed through the outlet opening without deflection by the screw 6, which is not readily possible in the embodiments according to FIGS. 3 and 4.
    The intake opening 80 communicates with the opening 8 in material conveying or transfer connection and is in the present case directly, directly and without a longer intermediate piece or spacing connected to the opening 8. Only a very short transfer area is provided.
    In the housing 16, a compressing screw 6 is rotatably supported about its longitudinal axis 15. The longitudinal axis 15 of the screw 6 and the extruder 5 coincide. The extruder 5 conveys the material in the direction of the arrow 17. The extruder 5 is a known conventional extruder in which the softened Kunststoffmateriai is compressed and thereby melted, and the melt then emerges on the opposite side of the extruder head.
    The mixing and / or comminution tools 3 or the knives 14 are located at almost the same height or plane as the central longitudinal axis 15 of the extruder 5. The outermost ends of the blades 14 are sufficiently spaced from the webs of the screw 6.
    In the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2, the extruder 5, as mentioned, is tangentially connected to the container 1 or extends tangentially to its cross section. The imaginary extension of the central longitudinal axis 15 of the extruder 5 or the screw 6 against the conveying direction 17 of the extruder 5 to the rear, leads in the drawing next to the axis of rotation 10 over without cutting them. The longitudinal axis 15 of the extruder 5 or the screw 6 is on the outlet side to the longitudinal axis 15 parallel, from the axis of rotation 10 of the mixing and / or crushing tool 3 in the conveying direction 17 of the extruder 5 outwardly directed radials 11 of the container 1 by a distance 18 added. In the present case, the rearward extension of the longitudinal axis 15 of the extruder 5 does not penetrate the interior of the container 1, but runs just past it.
    The distance 18 is slightly larger than the radius of the container 1. The extruder 5 is thus slightly offset from the outside or the catchment area is slightly deeper. '(* * * * «* * ♦ ···· * * * Φ t ·· * · · · · · ·
    * * · · · T V ·· * ♦ ·· φ
    Under the terms "opposite", "opposite" " As used herein, supra means any orientation of the vectors to one another that is not acute-angled, as discussed in detail below.
    In other words, the scalar product is a directional vector 19 of the direction of rotation 12, which is tangent to the circle of the outermost point of the mixing and / or comminution tool 3 or tangential to the plastic material passing past the opening 8 and the direction of rotation 12 the mixing and / or crushing tools 3, and a direction vector 17 of the conveying direction of the extruder 5, which is parallel to the central longitudinal axis 15 in the conveying direction at each point of the opening 8 and in the region radially immediately in front of the opening 8, zero everywhere or negative, but nowhere positive.
    In the intake opening in FIGS. 1 and 2, the dot product of the direction vector 19 of the direction of rotation 12 and the direction vector 17 of the conveying direction in each point of the opening 8 is negative.
    The angle α between the directional vector 17 of the conveying direction and the directional vector of the direction of rotation 19, measured in the most upstream with respect to the direction of rotation 12 point 20 of the opening 8 and at the most upstream edge of the opening 8 is, almost to the maximum, about 170th °.
    If you move along the opening 8 in Fig. 2 down, so in the direction of rotation 12, on, so the obtuse angle between the two direction vectors is always larger. In the middle of the opening 8, the angle between the directional vectors is about 180 ° and the scalar product is maximum negative, further below that the angle is even > 180 ° and the scalar product decreases again, but always remains negative. However, these angles are no longer referred to as angles α, since they are not measured in point 20.
    A not shown in Fig. 2, measured in the middle or in the center of the opening 8 angle ß between the direction vector of the direction of rotation 19 and the direction vector of the conveying direction 17 is about 178 ° to 180 °.
    The device according to FIG. 2 represents the first limiting case or extreme value. In such an arrangement, a very gentle stuffing action or a particularly advantageous feeding is possible and such a device is particularly suitable for sensitive materials which are processed near the melting region or for long-strip Good.
    In Fig. 2, the characteristic lengths and sections L, A and B have been drawn by way of example. These, however, as well as the other features shown in FIGS. 18, are merely schematic and not to scale or proportionately correct, and have been partially shortened by interruptions. In the embodiments of FIGS. 3 and 4, these lengths and sections have not been drawn.
    The ratio of the length L of the screw 6 - measured from the downstream in the conveying direction of the screw 6 edge 20 'of the intake opening 80 or from the edge 20' lying on this edge, in the conveying direction of the screw 6 furthest downstream point 20 - earliest, most upstream upstream to the conveying direction outlet opening 30 in the housing 16 at the distal distal end 31 of the screw 6, the nominal diameter d of the screw 6 is L / d = 21 in this preferred embodiment.
    The also not dargesteilte in the schematic drawing, compressive configuration of the screw 6 begins only at a distance A of 6 times the diameter d of the screw 6, measured from the edge 20 'of the intake opening 80. In the area before the start of their compressive configuration is the Screw 6 is formed substantially non-compressing or without compression, so exerts no pressure on the material detected by the screw 6.
    Thus, the compressive configuration of the screw 6, as required, also begins in the region in front of a distance B of a maximum of 30 times the diameter d, measured from the edge 20 'of the intake opening 80.
    FIGS. 3 and 4 serve primarily to illustrate the connection possibilities of the extruder with regard to the direction of rotation. The values for L, B and A are not shown
    In Fig. 3, an alternative embodiment is shown, in which the extruder 5 is not connected tangentially, but with its end face 7 to the container 1. The screw 6 and the housing 16 of the extruder 5 are adapted in the region of the opening 8 to the contour of the inner wall of the container 1 and set back flush. No part of the extruder 5 protrudes through the opening 8 into the interior of the container 1.
    The distance 18 here corresponds to about 5 to 10% of the radius 11 of the container 1 and about half the inner diameter d of the housing 16. This Ausführungsfrom thus represents the second limiting case or extreme value with the smallest possible offset or distance 18, in which the rotary or the direction of movement 12 of the mixing and / or crushing tools 3 of the conveying direction 17 of the extruder 5 is at least slightly opposite, over the entire surface of the opening 8. 19 19 • · »··· ·· · · ······ «· * · • ft · * · · * * • I l * f ···« * «*» »j» · ♦ ·· »· i« ··· ·· «
    The scalar product is exactly zero in FIG. 3 in the most upstream ** point 20, located at the most upstream edge of the orifice 8. The angle α between the direction vector 17 of the conveying direction and the direction vector of the direction of rotation 19, as measured in point 20 of Fig. 3, exactly 90 °, one moves along the opening 8 down, so in the direction of rotation 12, on, so the angle between the direction vectors getting larger and at an obtuse angle > 90 ° and the scalar product becomes negative at the same time. However, at no point or in any area of the opening 8 is the scale product positive or the angle less than 90 °. As a result, local overfeeding can not take place even in a partial region of the opening 8 or, in any region of the opening 8, there can be no harmful inflated tamping action.
    This also makes a decisive difference to a purely radial arrangement, since at point 20 or at the edge 20 'with a fully radial arrangement of the extruder 5 an angle α < 90 ° and those areas of the opening 8, which are located in the drawing above the radial 11 and upstream or upstream thereof, would have a positive scalar product. This could lead to accumulation of locally melted plastic goods in these areas.
    FIG. 4 shows a further alternative embodiment in which the extruder 5 is displaced slightly more downstream than in FIG. 3, but not yet tangentially as in FIGS. 1 and 2. In the present case, as in FIG. 3, the extension of the longitudinal axis 15 of the extruder 5, which is intended to be rearward, penetrates the interior of the container 1 in a secant manner. As a result, the opening 8 is wider than in the embodiment according to FIG Angle α measured at point 20 is about 150 °, which reduces the stuffing effect compared to the device of figure 3, which is more advantageous for certain sensitive polymers. The viewed from the container 1 from right inner edge or the inner wall of the housing 16 connects tangentially to the container 1, whereby, in contrast to Fig. 3 no blunt transitional edge is formed. In this furthest downstream point of the opening 8, in Fig. 4 far left, the angle is about 180 °.
    权利要求:
    Claims (17)
    [1]
    20 »# · ** • * Φ &lt; 1. A device for pretreating and subsequently plastifying or agglomerating plastics, in particular thermoplastic waste plastics for recycling purposes, with a container (1) for the material to be processed, wherein in the container (1) at least one about a rotation axis (10) rotatable circulating mixing and / or crushing tool (3) for mixing, heating and optionally comminution of the plastic material is arranged, wherein in a Rare wall (9) of the container (1) in the region of the height of the or the lowest, (3) an opening (8) is formed through which the pretreated plastic material from the interior of the container (1) can be discharged, wherein at least one extruder or compressor (5) provided for receiving the pretreated material is, with at least one in a housing (16) rotating, compressing, plasticizing or agglomerie wherein the housing (16) has a feed opening (80) for the material to be detected by the worm (6) on its end face (7) or in its jacket wall, and the feed opening (80) with the opening (8) is connected, characterized in that the imaginary extension of the central longitudinal axis (15) of the extruder (5) or of the intake opening (80) closest screw (6) against the conveying direction (17) of the extruder (5) on the The axis of rotation (15) of the extruder (5) or of the feed opening (80) nearest the screw (6) on the drain side or in the direction of rotation or movement (12) of the mixing and / or or crushing tool (3) to the radial to the longitudinal axis (15) parallel, from the axis of rotation (10) of the mixing and / or crushing tool (3) in the conveying direction (17) of the extruder (5) outwardly directed radials (11) of the container ( 1) offset by a distance (18) i st, and that the ratio of the length (L) of the screw (6), measured from the downstream in the conveying direction of the screw (6) edge (20 ') or the furthest downstream point (20) of the intake opening (80), up to the end of the screw (6) or to the earliest outlet (30) furthest upstream of the conveying direction of the screw (6) in the housing (16) for the lard at the container-distal end (31) of the screw (6), to the nominal diameter (d) of the worm (6) is 7, 21 • t ··. * ·· «* • * ·. And that the compressive configuration of the scaffolds has a distance of more than 1.5 times the diameter of the screw (6). measured from the downstream edge (20 ') in the conveying direction of the screw (6) or the most downstream point (20) of the intake opening (80) begins, understood by the beginning of the compressive configuration of the screw (6) that point in which the helix angle of the screw (6) becomes> Γ for the first time, the screw (6) being formed in the region before the start of the compressive configuration substantially without compression or decompression, and the helix angle is <Γ, the helix angle being Angle between the central longitudinal axis (15) of the worm (6) and a parallels thereto and a straight line or curve laid through the respective deepest points of each worm gear.
    [2]
    2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the compressive configuration of the screw (6) in the region in front of a distance (B) of a maximum of 30 times, preferably a maximum of 20 times the diameter (d), measured from the in the conveying direction the screw (6) downstream edge (20 ') of the intake opening (80) begins.
    [3]
    3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the ratio of the length (L) of the screw (6), measured from the downstream in the conveying direction of the screw (6) edge (20 ') of the intake opening (80), to to the earliest exit opening (30), to the nominal diameter (d) of the worm (6) &gt; 10, in particular &gt; 14 is.
    [4]
    4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the compressive configuration of the screw (6) only from a distance (A) of more than 2 times, preferably 3 times, diameter (d) of the screw (6), measured from the downstream in the conveying direction of the screw (6) edge (20 ') of the intake opening (80) begins.
    [5]
    5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the length of the compressive configuration of the screw (6) in the range of 0.5 to 7 times, preferably 1 to 5 times, the diameter (d) of the screw (6) lies.
    [6]
    6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that for an associated with the container (1) extruder (5) the scalar product formed from the tangential to the circle of the radially outermost point of the mixing 22 • · ·· * * ··· * and / or comminution tool (3) or tangentially to the plastic material moved past the 9 * opening (8) and aligned in the direction of rotation or movement normal to a radial (11) of the container (1). 12) of the mixing and / or comminution tool (3) pointing direction vector of the direction of rotation (19) and the direction vector (17) of the conveying direction of the extruder (5) in each individual point or in the entire region of the opening (8) or directly radially before the opening (8) is zero or negative.
    [7]
    7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the direction vector of the direction of rotation (19) of the radially outermost point of the mixing and / or crushing tool (3) and the directional vector (17) of the conveying direction of the extruder (5) Include angle (a) greater than or equal to 90 ° and less than or equal to 180 °, measured at the intersection of the two directional vectors (17,19) with respect to the direction of rotation or movement (12) of the mixing and / or crushing tool (3) upstream inlet side edge of the opening (8), in particular in the furthest upstream point (20) on this edge or the opening (8).
    [8]
    8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the direction vector (19) of the rotational or movement direction (12) and the direction vector (17) of the conveying direction of the extruder (5) an angle (ß) between 170 ° and 180 °, measured at the intersection of the two directional vectors (17,19) in the center of the opening (8).
    [9]
    9. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the distance (18) is greater than or equal to half the inner diameter of the housing (16) of the extruder (5) or, the screw (6), and / or greater than or equal to 7%, preferably greater than or equal to 20%, of the radius of the container (1) or that the distance (18) is greater than or equal to the radius of the container (1).
    [10]
    10. Device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the imaginary extension of the longitudinal axis (15) of the extruder (5) opposite to the conveying direction in the manner of a secant to the cross section of the container (1) is arranged and the interior of the container ( 1) interspersed at least in sections.
    [11]
    11. Device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the extruder (5) is connected tangentially to the container (1) or, tangential to the cross-section of the container (1) runs or that the longitudinal axis (l £) ' the extruder (5) or the screw (6) or the longitudinal axis of the screw (6) closest to the intake opening (80) or the inner wall of the housing (16) or the envelope of the check (6) tangentially to the inside of the side wall (9 ) of the container (1), wherein preferably the screw (6) is connected at its end face (7) with a drive and at its opposite end to a front end of the housing (16) arranged outlet opening, in particular an extruder head promotes.
    [12]
    12. Device according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the opening (8) directly and directly and without significant spacing, in particular without transfer path or screw conveyor, with the intake opening (80) is connected.
    [13]
    13. Device according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the mixing and / or crushing tool (3) tools and / or knives (14), in the rotational or, moving direction (12) comminuting the plastic material, acting cutting and heating, the tools and / or knives (14) preferably on or on a, in particular parallel to the bottom surface (12), arranged, rotatable tool carrier (13), in particular a carrier disc (13), are formed or arranged.
    [14]
    14. Device according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that acting on the plastic material in the direction of rotation or movement (12) facing front areas or leading edges (22) of the mixing and / or crushing tools (3) or Knife (14) are formed differently, employed, curved and / or arranged in comparison to the in the direction of rotation or movement (12) rear or trailing areas.
    [15]
    15. The device according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the container (1) is formed substantially circular cylindrical with a flat bottom surface (2) and a vertically aligned cylinder jacket-shaped side wall (9) and / or the axis of rotation (10). the mixing and / or comminution tools (3) coincide with the central center axis of the container (1) and / or the axis of rotation (12) or the central center axis are aligned vertically and / or normal to the bottom surface (2).
    [16]
    16. Device according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the lowermost tool carrier (13) or the lowest of the mixing and / or crushing tools (3) and / or the opening (8) close to the ground at a small distance 24 24 + To the bottom surface (2), in particular in the region of the "lowest * quarter" height of the container (1), preferably at a distance from the bottom surface (2) of 10 mm are arranged to 400 mm.
    [17]
    17. Device according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the extruder (5) is a single-screw extruder (6) with a single compressing screw (6) or is a double or multiple screw extruder, wherein the diameters d of the individual screws ( 6) are equal to each other. Vienna, on October 14, 2011
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    BR112014008785A2|2017-04-25|
    JP2014530134A|2014-11-17|
    MX340975B|2016-08-02|
    MX2014004443A|2014-09-22|
    RU2577382C2|2016-03-20|
    US9289919B2|2016-03-22|
    UA109970C2|2015-10-26|
    TWI569942B|2017-02-11|
    RU2014119270A|2015-11-20|
    ZA201402094B|2015-03-25|
    PT2766166E|2016-03-31|
    KR101718685B1|2017-03-22|
    CN103889674B|2016-10-26|
    JP6356067B2|2018-07-11|
    DE202012012575U1|2013-06-10|
    ES2564371T3|2016-03-22|
    PL2766166T3|2016-06-30|
    AU2012323817B2|2016-03-10|
    CN103889674A|2014-06-25|
    CA2851665C|2017-11-07|
    SI2766166T1|2016-04-29|
    WO2013052988A1|2013-04-18|
    EP2766166B1|2015-12-16|
    EP2766166A1|2014-08-20|
    KR20140079474A|2014-06-26|
    TW201338950A|2013-10-01|
    AT512207B1|2015-02-15|
    CA2851665A1|2013-04-18|
    UY34389A|2013-05-31|
    AR089172A1|2014-08-06|
    HUE027281T2|2016-09-28|
    AU2012323817A1|2014-05-15|
    BR112014008785B1|2020-01-14|
    HK1214566A1|2016-07-29|
    US20140291427A1|2014-10-02|
    DK2766166T3|2016-03-14|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA1507/2011A|AT512207B1|2011-10-14|2011-10-14|DEVICE FOR PREPARING PLASTIC MATERIAL|ATA1507/2011A| AT512207B1|2011-10-14|2011-10-14|DEVICE FOR PREPARING PLASTIC MATERIAL|
    DK12781264.2T| DK2766166T3|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|An apparatus for processing plastics material|
    PL12781264T| PL2766166T3|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|Apparatus for processing plastic material|
    SI201230489T| SI2766166T1|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|Apparatus for processing plastic material|
    KR1020147013002A| KR101718685B1|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|Apparatus for processing plastic material|
    CN201280050400.2A| CN103889674B|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|For preparing the device of plastic material|
    HUE12781264A| HUE027281T2|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|Apparatus for processing plastic material|
    MX2014004443A| MX340975B|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|Apparatus for processing plastic material.|
    US14/351,663| US9289919B2|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|Apparatus for the pretreatment and subsequent plastification or agglomeration of plastics|
    EP12781264.2A| EP2766166B1|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|Apparatus for processing plastic material|
    PT127812642T| PT2766166E|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|Apparatus for processing plastic material|
    RU2014119270/05A| RU2577382C2|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|Device for processing polymer material|
    DE201220012575| DE202012012575U1|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|Device for processing plastic material|
    UAA201404701A| UA109970C2|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|DEVICES FOR PROCESSING OF PLASTIC MATERIALS|
    PCT/AT2012/050160| WO2013052988A1|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|Apparatus for processing plastic material|
    AU2012323817A| AU2012323817B2|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|Apparatus for processing plastic material|
    CA2851665A| CA2851665C|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|Apparatus for the treatment of plastics material|
    UY34389A| UY34389A|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|Device for processing plastic material ?.|
    JP2014534880A| JP6356067B2|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|Plastic material processing equipment|
    ARP120103827| AR089172A1|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|DEVICE FOR PRE-TREATMENT AND AFTER PLASTIFICATION OR AGLOMERATION OF PLASTIC MATERIALS|
    BR112014008785A| BR112014008785B1|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|device for pre-treatment and subsequent plasticization or agglomeration of plastics|
    ES12781264.2T| ES2564371T3|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|Device for pretreating synthetic materials|
    TW101137648A| TWI569942B|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|Apparatus for the treatment of palstics material|
    ZA2014/02094A| ZA201402094B|2011-10-14|2014-03-20|Apparatus for processing plastic material|
    HK15101092.8A| HK1214566A1|2011-10-14|2015-02-02|Apparatus for processing plastic material|
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