• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to an electric machine, in particular a brushless torque motor, with a rotatably mounted rotor (10) which has at least one permanent magnet (11) and with a stator (3) forming electromagnetic poles (4), which is an at least magnetically conductive yoke (5) and at least four different winding strands (6, 7, 8, 9) of a stator winding (2), said winding strands (6, 7, 8, 9) with at least one permanent magnet (11) of the rotor (10) for simultaneous Formation of a torque (12) and a transverse force (13) cooperate. In order to enable a low-power generation of torque and shear forces, it is proposed that the winding strands (6, 7, 8, 9) each have at least two electrically interconnected coils (6 ', 6 "or 7', 7" or 8 ', respectively). 8 "or 9 ', 9"), wherein at least one winding strand (6, 7, 8, 9) its coils (6', 6 "or 7 ', 7" or 8', 8 "or 9 ', 9 "), preferably in all winding strands (6, 7, 8, 9) whose respective coils (6', 6" and 7 ', 7 "and 8', 8" and 9 ', 9 "), within a stator graduation (14) of 360 degrees divided by the number of winding strands (6, 7, 8, 9) are arranged.
    公开号:AT512040A4
    申请号:T1578/2011
    申请日:2011-10-27
    公开日:2013-05-15
    发明作者:Siegfried Dipl Ing Dr Silber；Herbert Dipl Ing Dr Grabner
    申请人:Linz Ct Of Mechatronics Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    ί -1 - (00108ΡΑΤ) jel
    The invention relates to an electric machine, in particular a brushless Tor-quemotor, with a rotatably mounted rotor having at least one permanent magnet, and with a, electromagnetic pole forming stator having an at least magnetically conductive yoke and at least four different winding strands of a stator winding, wherein these winding strands interact with at least one permanent magnet of the rotor for the simultaneous formation of a torque and a transverse force.
    In order to be able to generate torque and bearing forces for the magnetic bearing of the rotor with respect to the stator in an electric machine via a stator winding, it is known from the prior art (DE19726352A, EP1301979B1) to arrange four or five toothed coils in the stator via which Flooding distribution a lateral force or load capacity in the x and y direction, as well as a torque can be generated. The disadvantage of such a coil arrangement is its comparatively low power density, in particular at low speeds. Increasing this power density by increasing the number of magnetic poles in the stator, however, usually results in a loss of the ability to simultaneously provide torque and lateral force. In addition, such machines require sensors to control torque and transverse force formation, which, in turn, can lead to a reduction in power density due to design. In addition, it is comparatively structurally complicated to provide such sensors in the region of the stator winding of the electrical machine.
    It is therefore an object of the invention to change an electric machine of the type described in a structurally simple way that despite high power density, even at low speeds of the rotor, a simultaneous formation of torque and shear force is possible.
    The invention achieves the stated object in that the Wickiungsstränge each have at least two electrically interconnected coils, wherein at least one winding strand its coils, preferably in all winding strands whose respective coils are arranged within a Statoreinteilung of 360 degrees divided by the number of winding strands ,
    Assign the winding strands depending on at least two electrically interconnected coils, so it can be known that the number of poles in the stator can be increased. In addition, so that the flow paths are short and thus advantageously a Statorjoch thin or slim, which can be found with reduced yoke thickness Auslangen. However, in order to still be able to enable a high number of poles for a sufficient transverse force, the invention proposes that at least one winding strand its coils are arranged within a Statoreinteilung of 360 degrees divided by the number of winding strands. For this purpose, the winding strands or motor strands can be controlled individually or preferably interconnected for further structural simplicity in the star or ring - wherein for the star or ring interconnection a comparatively simple control electronics can be sufficient. The mentioned arrangement of the winding strands in the stator arrangement according to the invention can also result in a particularly efficient generation of force due to a main use of radial components of the Maxwell forces. In addition, the coils of the winding strands arranged in this way can lead to a comparatively good local weakening or strengthening of the flux densities, which results essentially from arranging the coils in a stator graduation. This effect can be used to generate increased lateral forces even at low speeds, which can provide the electric machine in addition to high torque training. This can be advantageous in particular for a brushless torque motor. The permanent magnetically excited electric machine according to the invention can therefore allow a relatively low-power and simultaneous generation of torque and shear forces through the winding strands, but in addition, in contrast to the prior art also ensure a constructive simplicity, including resulting low production costs - alone the interconnection of the winding strands within the stator pitch can already mean a simplification. For this purpose, their respective coils are preferably arranged within a Statoreinteilung of 360 degrees divided by the number of winding strands in all winding strands. The electric machine according to the invention therefore not only combines the possibility of simultaneous generation of torques and additional transverse forces, but can also be made possible by a highly flexible adaptable number of poles, even at relatively low speeds, a high power density.
    If a magnetic bearing is provided between rotor and stator, then the structural simplicity of the electrical machine can be further increased by the transverse force generated by an interaction of winding strands and permanent magnets forming a bearing capacity for the magnetic bearing cost advantages in terms of low material costs can, among others be used.
    A particularly high smoothness and a particularly low cogging can be set when the winding strands are designed as a slotless air gap winding.
    Advantageous construction conditions may arise when the stator winding is designed as a tooth coil winding single-layered or two-layered. Thus, either the number of coils or the size of the electrical machine can be optimized according to the specified requirements.
    If the winding phases are electrically connected to one another in a star connection, preferably with a star point led out, then, with regard to the power electronics, among other things, a constructional simplicity can be made possible.
    In order to be able to withstand high speeds of rotation of the electric machine, it may be provided to embed the permanent magnets in the rotor instead of a lamination of the rotor. In comparison, surface mount permanent magnets offer the potential for reduced inductance for higher speed and thus improved power factor.
    The design conditions can be further simplified if a halbach-magnetized, preferably one-piece permanent magnet forms the rotor.
    If the rotor has a reluctance which changes as a function of the rotor angle, then the energy efficiency of the electric machine can be increased still further, especially with reduced magnet volumes.
    The inventive allocation or assignment of the winding strands per a Statoreinteilung, can open in a structurally simple way, the possibility of at least one Statoreinteilung at least one sensor, in particular a position and / or rotation angle sensor to connect. This design arrangement offers the advantages of being able to easily place the sensor in the stator or keep it easily accessible for maintenance.
    Advantageously, the runner may be designed as an inner or outer rotor depending on its design requirements. For a comparatively optimal motor utilization, it is proposed that between the number of slots (N) and the number of rotor pole pairs (p) the relationship between the number of slots (N) and the number of rotor pole pairs (p) is increased = N / 2 + 1 or p = N / 2-1 for an even number of slots (N) or p = (N + 1) / 2 or p = (N-1) / 2 for an odd number of slots (N) holds when the number of slots (N) is an integer multiple of the number of winding strands. This can be given a rule, as well as high winding factors for a comparatively high torque training and comparatively high lateral forces can be generated. Depending on the requirements or specifications accordingly can be created by a choice of p (Rotorpolpaar) or the number of grooves (N) a guide to the formation of an advantageous engine utilization.
    If the relationship between the number of slots (N) and the number of pairs of rotor poles (p) is p = N / 2, then a simple design rule for polyphase motors may result if the number of slots (N) is an integer multiple of the number of phases is.
    The tendency toward cogging can be reduced if the air gap between the rotor surface and the stator is such that a reduction of a cogging torque occurs. For this purpose, the air gap may have an optimized geometric structure, preferably in which the air gap follows a sinusoidal course of the rotor surface, formed at least partially by the respective permanent magnets.
    In particular, disturbing harmonics in the torque and / or shear force training can be reduced if changes are made to the width of the stator graduation. For this purpose, only the width of the Statoreinteilung is einzusteflen, in which area the coils of the respective winding strand must be arranged.
    In the drawings, for example, the subject invention is illustrated by means of embodiments. Show it
    1 shows an electric machine with a two-layer tooth coil winding, "· t -6-
    2 shows a further electrical machine with a two-layer tooth coil winding,
    3 is an enlarged partial view of the electrical machine shown in FIG. 2,
    4 shows a further electrical machine according to a third embodiment,
    Fig. 5 shows a fourth embodiment of an electric machine with an external rotor and
    Fig. 6 shows another electric machine with a single-layered tooth coil winding according to a fifth embodiment.
    The machine 1 shown in FIG. 1 has a stator winding 2, which is designed as a two-layered tooth coil winding. The stator 3 further forms poles 4, which are connected back via an electromagnetically leifähiges stator yoke 5. The stator winding 2 has four different winding strands 6, 7, 8 and 9, which cooperate with the rotatably mounted relative to the stator 3 runners 10 and its permanent magnet 11 to a simultaneous generation of torque 12 and lateral force 13, wherein the resulting lateral force thirteenth composed of the two orthogonal force components 13 'and 13 ". For example, the magnetization direction 1T of the permanent magnets 11 alternating with the orientation and the current flow direction 2 'through the stator winding 2 are shown in FIG. 1 for this function. For the highest possible utilization of the motor, the number of pole pairs was chosen with p = N / 2, whereby no soreness occurs and the induced voltage is maximized. This electrical machine 1 thus has the technical data
    Number of winding phases (m) = 4,
    Number of grooves (N) = 8 and number of rotor pairs (p) = 4.
    In order to enable a low-power generation of this torque 12 and the lateral force 13, each winding strand 6, 7, 8 and 9 are each two electrically interconnected coils 6 ', 6 "or 7', 7" or 8 ', 8 " or 9 ', 9 "assigned and these coils 6', 6" or 7 ', 7 "or 8', 8" or 9 ', 9 "each within a
    • * »-7-
    Statoreinteilung 14 of 360 degrees divided by the number of winding strands 6, 7, 8 and 9 arranged. The presented in Fig. 1 Startoreinteilung 14 thus has 90 degrees. Such arranged coils 6 ', 6 "or 7', 7" or 8 ', 8 "or 9', 9" of the winding strands 6, 7, 8 and 9 lead to a comparatively good local weakening or strengthening of the respective Flow densities, so that a high efficiency in the power generation can be made possible.
    2, another embodiment of an electrical machine 15 is shown. In contrast to the electric machine 1 shown in FIG. 1, this electric machine 15 has a stator winding 2 with five winding strands 6, 7, 8, 9 and 16. The winding strands 6, 7, 8, 9 and 16 are each four
    Tooth coils 6 ', 6 ", 6'", 6 ..... or. 7 ', 7 ", 7" 7 "" and 8', 8 ", 8" ', 8' "and 9 ', 9", 9 ", 9" "and 16', 16", 16, respectively '", 16 " " assigned. This electrical machine 15 thus has the technical data
    Number of winding strands (m) = 5,
    Number of slots (N) = 20 and number of rotor pole pairs (p) = 11.
    The tooth coils 6 ', 6 ", 6'", 6 ..... or. 7 ', 7 ", T " "and 8', 8", 8 " 8" " or 9 ', 9 ", 9'", 9 "" or 16 ', 16 ", 16" 16 "" are arranged within the stator 17 division. In the case of five winding strands 6, 7, 8, 9 and 16, 72 degrees thus result for the stator graduation 17. For example, three winding strands 7, 8 and 16 whose respective electromagnetic flows 18, 19, 20 are shown in FIG. Of these, the electromagnetic flux 20 is shown enlarged in detail in FIG. 3. The four tooth coils 16 ', 16 ", 16' " and 16 " "are energized so that the electromagnetic fluxes 21, 22 and 23 are adjusted. This can result in a particularly efficient force generation due to a major use of radial components of the Maxwell forces. As can also be seen in FIG. 3, the strict stator graduation 17 of the winding strands 6, 7, 8, 9 and 16 leads to excellent local weakening or strengthening of the flux densities. Namely, the electromagnetic fluxes 21, 22 and 23 are highly concentrated by their short flow paths, which can be utilized for a comparatively high generation of torque and transverse force 13 even at low rotational speeds. In addition, based on the short flow paths, the stator yoke 5 can advantageously be kept thin, so that a comparatively large diameter can be used on the rotor 10 for high torque generation. A relatively low-power and high generation of torque 12 and transverse forces 13 together with a constructive simplicity of the electric machine 15 associated with the advantages of low production costs can be made possible.
    Advantageously, the transverse force 13, which is not used to generate the torque 12, is used for the magnetic bearing 24 of the rotor 10. Thus, the winding strands 6, 7, 8, 9, 16 of the respective electric machine 1, 15 for a constructive simplicity torque 12 and bearing forces ausbil- / den.
    According to Fig. 1, the interconnection of the winding strands 6, 7, 8 and 9 takes place in a star circuit 25 and that with led out star point 26, for example, partially. As can be seen, this interconnection is structurally relatively simple to solve, since the adjacent tooth coils 6 ', 6 "or 7', 7 " or 8 ', 8 "or 9', 9" can be easily connected. Likewise, the motor phases V and W are shown in FIG. 1, for example.
    It can also be seen in FIGS. 1 and 3 that the permanent magnets 11 are fastened to the rotor surface 10 '. This type of attachment of the permanent magnets 11 allows comparatively small rotor dimensions. The contours of the rotor surface 10 'also creates a function of the rotor angle changing reluctance of the rotor 10. Thus, the efficiency of the electric machine 1.15 can be further increased.
    For each Wcklungsstrang 6, 7, 8, 9 and 16 specifically provided Statoreinteilung 17 shoots at both ends to a sensor 27 at. With the help of these sensors 27
    a position or a rotation angle of the rotor relative to the stator 3 can be determined. By this strict Statoreinteilung 17 of the tooth coils 6 ', 6 ", 6" 6 "" or 7', 7 '", 7'", 7 "" or 8 ', 8 ", 8'", 8 "" Or 9 ', 9 ", 9'", 9 "" and 16 16 ", 16" "lg" «« sjnc | djesg sensors 17 unobstructed in the stator 3 vorsehbar. For example, tooth gaps for introducing the sensors 27 can also be used for this purpose.
    But it is also possible to create a relatively large space by a stator 28 shown in FIG. 4 division 28 of the winding strands 6, 7, 8, 9 is followed. This electrical machine 29 shown in FIG. 4 has the following technical data:
    Number of winding phases (m) = 4,
    Number of slots (N) = 20 and number of rotor pole pairs (p) = 12.
    The Statoreinteilung 28 is smaller than the maximum allowable Statoreinteilung 30, which is determined by 360 degrees divided by the number of winding strands 6, 7, 8, 9. For example, a large number of stator teeth 31 can be omitted for this large clearance, and so also a rectangular design of the electric machine 29 can be made possible - but nevertheless the function of the simultaneous formation of torque 12 and transverse force 13 can be maintained. These tooth gaps can again provide sufficient space for structurally simple insertion of sensors 32. In addition, the width of the stator 28 can be chosen so compared to the maximum permissible Statoreinteilung 30 so that reduce disturbing harmonics in the simultaneous formation of torque 12 and / or transverse force 13 so. A particular advantageous electric machine 29 can be created. Of course, this measure can be taken in the other electrical machines 1, 15, 33 and 37.
    Referring to Fig. 5, another embodiment of an electric machine 33 is shown. This electrical machine 33 has the following technical data:
    Number of winding strands (m) = 5, -10-
    Number of slots (N) = 20 and number of rotor pole pairs (p) = 11.
    The rotor 34 of the electric machine 33 is designed as an external rotor. The stator 35 carries a stator winding 2, which is designed as a two-layer winding. The stator 35 forms - as known from the preceding embodiments, poles 4. The illustrated stator subdivision 36, which is also defined as 360 degrees divided by the number of winding strands 6, 7, 8, 9 and 16, is thus 72 degrees.
    The electric machine 37 shown in FIG. 6 has at its stator 38 a single-layer stator winding 39, which is designed as a tooth coil winding. This electrical machine 37 is characterized by the following technical data: Number of winding strands (m) = 5,
    Number of slots (N) = 20 and number of rotor pole pairs (p) = 9.
    The stator 40 for the respective coils of the winding strands 6, 7, 8, 9 and 16 is determined here by 360 degrees divided by the number of winding strands 6, 7, 8, 9 and 16, which leads to 72 degrees. Trained as an internal rotor 10 has, in contrast to the illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2, 4 and 5 electric machines 1, 15, 29 and 33 embedded permanent magnet 41 with their respective magnetization direction 41 '. The permanent magnets 41 are associated with flow barriers 42 in order to reduce magnetic short circuits.
    In addition, the shape of the rotor surface 10 'of the rotor 10 is designed in accordance with a sinusoidal course, so as to be able to reduce a possible cogging torque. Thus, the air gap 43 between the rotor surface 10 'and the stator 38 can run in such a way that a reduction of a cogging torque occurs. This can also be achieved inter alia by following the sinusoidal course of the rotor surface 10 'at least partially through the respective permanent magnets 11, which can be seen in FIG. 1,
    -11 -
    The groove number and pole pair EE configurations chosen in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 were selected via the proposed approach p = N / 2 + 1 and p = N / 2-1, respectively. This results in the respective phase windings, which required for a rotating field motor, by 360 degrees by the number of strands (which in this case leads to 72 degrees) phase-shifted induced voltages, which due to a low Sehingen very high and imply a good engine utilization ,
    In general it is stated:
    The research activity leading to this invention has been carried out under the EU program "Regional Competitiveness Upper Austria 2007-2013 (Regio 13)". funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and funds from the Province of Upper Austria.
    权利要求:
    Claims (14)
    [1]
    Patent Attorney Dipl.-Ing. Friedrich Jell Bismarckstraße 9, A-4020 Linz (00108PAT) The invention relates to an electric machine, in particular a brushless torque motor, with a rotatably mounted rotor (10) having at least one permanent magnet (11) and with one, electromagnetic poles (4 ) forming stator (3) having an at least magnetically conductive yoke (5) and at least four different winding strands (6, 7, 8, 9) of a stator winding (2) aulweist, said winding strands (6, 7, 8, 9) with at least one permanent magnet (11) of the rotor (10) for the simultaneous formation of a torque (12) and a transverse force (13) interaction, characterized in that the winding strands (6, 7, 8, 9) at least two electrically interconnected coils ( 6 ', 6 "and 7', 7" and 8 ', 8 "and 9', 9", respectively), wherein at least one winding strand (6, 7, 8, 9) has its coils (6 ', 6 " or 7 ', 7 "or 8', 8" or 9 ', 9 "), preferably at all winding strands (6, 7, 8, 9) of their respective coils (6 ', 6 "and 7', 7" and 8 ', 8 "and 9', 9"), within a stator graduation ( 14) of 360 degrees divided by the number of winding strands (6, 7, 8, 9) are arranged.
    [2]
    2. Electrical machine according to claim 1, characterized in that between rotor (10) and stator (3) has a magnetic bearing (24) is provided, which by an interaction of winding strands (6, 7, 8, 9) and permanent magnets ( 11) generated lateral force (13) forms a load capacity for the magnetic bearing (24)
    [3]
    3. Electrical machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the winding strands (6, 7, 8, 9) are designed as a slotless air gap winding. 2- «* ♦ · • ♦ * ·» * «i * *
    [4]
    4. Electrical machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the stator winding (2) is designed as a tooth coil winding single-layer or two-layer.
    [5]
    5. Electrical machine according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the winding strands (6, 7, 8, 9) in a star connection (25), preferably with led out star point (26), are electrically connected together.
    [6]
    6. Electrical machine according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that at least one permanent magnet (41, 11) attached to the rotor surface (10 ') and / or in the rotor (10) is embedded.
    [7]
    7. Electrical machine according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a halbach-magnetized, preferably one-piece permanent magnet (11) forms the rotor (10).
    [8]
    8. Electrical machine according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the rotor (10) has a function of the rotor angle changing reluctance.
    [9]
    9. Electrical machine according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that at least one stator (14, 17, 30, 36) at least one sensor (27), in particular a position and / or a rotation angle sensor, connects.
    [10]
    10. Electrical machine according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the rotor (10, 34) is designed as an inner or outer rotor
    [11]
    11. Electrical machine according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that between the number of grooves (N) and the number of Rotorpolpaare (p) the relationship

    • *

    • · -3- p = N / 2 + 1 or p = N / 2-1 for an even number of slots (N) or p = (N + 1) / 2 or p = (N-1) / 2 for an odd number of slots (N), if the number of slots (N) is an integer multiple of the number of slots (m).
    [12]
    12. Electrical machine according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that between the number of grooves (N) and the number of Rotorpolpaare (p), the relationship p = N / 2, when the number of grooves (N) a integral multiple of the number of winding strands (m)
    [13]
    13. Electrical machine according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the air gap (43) between the rotor surface (10 ') and the stator (3, 35, 38) extends such that a reduction of a cogging torque occurs, in particular a sinusoidal course of the rotor surface (10 ') formed at least partially by the respective permanent magnets (11) follows.
    [14]
    14. Electrical machine according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the width of the Statoreinteilung (28) is selected such that reduce disturbing harmonics in the simultaneous formation of torque (12) and / or transverse force (13).
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    引用文献:
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    JP4112535B2|2004-07-30|2008-07-02|株式会社一宮電機|Stator and brushless motor|CN105465175B|2015-12-28|2018-03-09|宁波达奋精工轴承有限公司|A kind of active magnetic bearing|
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    CN106640962B|2016-12-02|2018-09-21|浙江工业大学|A kind of heteropolar type octupole radial direction electromagnetic suspension bearing|
    CN107191484B|2017-04-27|2019-06-28|江苏大学|A kind of design method of the three freedom degree mixed magnetic bearing of radial direction sextupole|
    CN110486380B|2019-07-08|2021-02-19|广东工业大学|Stator-free tooth heteropolar permanent magnet bias hybrid radial magnetic bearing|
    CN111089116B|2020-01-17|2021-08-17|淮阴工学院|Design method of suspension force symmetric hexapole hybrid magnetic bearing|
    CN111425523A|2020-02-28|2020-07-17|天津大学|Hybrid radial permanent magnet biased magnetic bearing|
    法律状态:
    2013-09-15| HA| Change or addition of new inventor|Inventor name: HERBERT DIPL.ING. DR. GRABNER, AT Effective date: 20130807 Inventor name: SIEGFRIED DIPL.ING. DR. SILBER, AT Effective date: 20130807 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    AT15782011A|AT512040B1|2011-10-27|2011-10-27|ELECTRICAL MACHINE, ESPECIALLY BRUSHLESS TORQUE MOTOR|AT15782011A| AT512040B1|2011-10-27|2011-10-27|ELECTRICAL MACHINE, ESPECIALLY BRUSHLESS TORQUE MOTOR|
    EP12190053.4A| EP2587636B1|2011-10-27|2012-10-25|Electrical machine, in particular brushless torque motor|
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