• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a battery system (1) with a battery (2), in particular with lithium-ion cells, with an overcurrent shutdown device (3), wherein at least one fuse (6) and at least one switching relay (4) are electrically connected in series, and with at least one current sensor (5a, 5b) for detecting the battery current (I), the switching relay (4) having a first switch-off current range (I3) with a maximum switchable current (Imax) and the fuse (6) a second switch-off current range (I4) having a minimum switchable current (Imin), wherein the maximum switchable current (Im ax) of the first Abschaltstrombereiches (I3) and the minimum switchable current (Imln) of the second Abschaltstrombereiches (I4) over a maximum current (Ip) of an operating current range (Ii ) and wherein the switchable currents (I) of the second Abschaltstrombereiches (I4) are at least predominantly greater than the switchable currents (I) of the first Abschaltstrombereiches (I3). In order to ensure a reliable interruption of the battery current without damage to components, it is provided that the first and the second cut-off current range (I3, 14) have an overlapping region (AI), and at least one first current sensor (5a) is designed to generate currents ( I) at least to the minimum switchable current (Imin) of the second Abschaltstrombereiches (I4), preferably to detect the maximum switchable current (Im ax) of the first Abschaltstrombereiches (I3).
    公开号:AT511820A4
    申请号:T1622/2011
    申请日:2011-11-03
    公开日:2013-03-15
    发明作者:Dietmar Niederl
    申请人:Avl List Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    ··· · 1 56271 • «··· ···
    The invention relates to a battery system with a battery, in particular with lithium-ion cells, with an overcurrent cut-off device, wherein at least one fuse and at least one switching relay are electrically connected in series, and at least one current sensor for detecting the battery current, wherein the switching relay has a first Abschaltstrombereich with a maximum switchable current and the fuse has a second Abschaltstrombereich with a minimally switchable current, wherein the maximum switchable current of the first current range and the minimum switchable current of the second current range are above a maximum current of an operating current range and wherein the switchable currents of the second Abschaltstrombereiches at least predominantly larger than the switchable currents of the first Abschaltstrom area.
    It is known to perform an overcurrent shutdown only by opening a main relay. Furthermore, a fuse is often installed in the high voltage path, which should provide redundant protection against overcurrent and short circuit.
    Such a battery system is known for example from JP 2008-193 776 Al. The battery system has battery blocks which are connected via a fuse in series. In addition, the battery system has relays connected to the output side of the battery. In this battery system, the fuse blows and cuts off the power in the battery when excessive current flows into the driving battery. In addition, a control circuit which controls the relays, the relays for switching off the current off. The control circuit of the battery system is provided with a current detection circuit for detecting current of the battery, wherein the charging and discharging of the battery is controlled on the basis of the detected current. The current detection circuit detects current within the normal battery charge and discharge range, for example, at or below 200 A in a battery system of a vehicle. If there is more current in the battery than this, especially if abnormally high current is flowing in the battery, the relays will be set to "OFF". switched to interrupt battery power.
    In the event of a fault in the system, whether due to a short circuit or a fault in the power electronics outside the battery, or due to component defects, currents may occur above the normal allowed or specified current range. Fuses for use in such battery packs have disadvantageous * * ♦ * * * 2 ♦ «« · · 4 «*
    Restrict self-closing range for overcurrent cut-off. Fuses must be able to carry the operating current range without aging and without premature release. To ensure this, the fusible link must be designed accordingly. This results in a lower cut-off current limit (minimum switchable current) for fuses. Below this lower shutdown limit, the fuse can not be tripped. Currents just below this lower threshold can cause excessive heating and melting from surrounding areas to the formation of fire.
    On the other hand, relays which are available for battery systems of the type mentioned, disadvantageous characteristics in the Abschaltfähigkeit of the stream. By switching off the high current, the contacts can be damaged so much that when switching on the contact resistance is so bad that it can lead to overheating of the relay during further operation and thus to a significant performance limitation of the entire system. Furthermore, the contact material is distributed in a shutdown in the high current area due to the strong arc in the contact chamber, which brings the insulation resistance of a contact pole of the relay to the other below the permissible limit. This creates the danger that voltage can be tapped outside of the battery even though the switching relay is open.
    Furthermore, DE 10 2009 053 712 A1 discloses a battery system with a fuse connected to the battery which burns when excess current flows through. Furthermore, a relay is connected to the output side of the battery. A circuit breaker can detect excessive battery power and control the relay. The power interruption circuit is provided with a timer section which determines a delay time for turning off the relay. For the delay time of the timer section, the fuse fuse current is set lower than the maximum interrupt current of the relay and higher than the maximum allowable battery, charge and discharge current. In a situation where excessive current, greater than the maximum interrupt current of the relay, is flowing through the battery, the fuse blows during the timer delay time, and the power cut-off circuit switches the relays from " AN " to "OFF" when the delay time has expired. During the delay time the »· *» t · · ♦♦ is burning
    Make sure that the current is high enough to melt the relay contacts. Excessive current, which does not allow the fuse to blow during the delay time, would therefore be a current that does not melt the relay contacts, which is why the relays can be turned off after the delay time.
    The disadvantage is that the amount of excessive current is not detected and that only after the delay time, the relay is turned off. Although the delay time is only 0.3 seconds, currents greater than the maximum operating current but only slightly lower than the fuse tripping current can result in excessive overheating of surrounding parts, thereby not precluding local thermal overloads can.
    The object of the invention is to provide a battery system in the simplest possible way, which can reliably interrupt or switch off the battery current without thermal overloading of components occurring.
    According to the invention this is achieved in that the first and the second Abschaltstrom area have an overlap region, and that at least one current sensor is designed to detect currents to the minimum switchable current of the second Abschaltstrombereiches, preferably to the maximum switchable current of the first Abschaltstrombereiches.
    It is preferably provided that a second current sensor is designed to detect currents only within the operating current range.
    The operating current range is the current range at which normal normal charging and discharging processes can take place without any time limit, without thermally overloading components. In the overcurrent area, however, currents occur which are greater than the charging and discharging currents of the operating current range. The overcurrent range thus extends from the maximum permitted current of the overcurrent range up to the short-circuit current. Overcurrents, especially if they persist for a long time, lead to thermal overstressing of components. ·· t »·· 4 • · · Φ · ·« »*
    The Miiflt Jtfhn thereby at least 5%, preferably at least 10% of the first Abschaltstrombereiches amount.
    In contrast to DE 10 2009 053 712 A1, a delay time does not have to be waited for in order to switch off the switching relay. The switch-off of the switching relay thus takes place immediately as soon as it is ascertained by the battery control unit that the current measured by the current sensor is within the first switch-off current range but above the maximum operating current range.
    Preferably, at currents - below the minimum switchable current of the second Abschaltstrombereiches, preferably above the maximum operating current range, the battery current is interrupted by opening the switching relay.
    Furthermore, it can be provided that battery currents above the first Abschaltstrombereiches or above the minimum switchable current of the second Abschaltstrombereiches opening of the switching relay is prevented. On the other hand, at currents below the second Abschaltstrombereiches interrupting the battery current is prevented by the fuse.
    Since at least one of the current sensors has the ability to measure at least until the beginning of the overlap region, it can be directly determined whether the switching relay can be actuated or not. The current measurement then determines whether the switching relay remains closed (if the measuring current is higher than the switching current of the relay) or if it can be opened (because the measured current is less than the maximum switchable current of the relay) and interrupts the circuit ,
    If the current is constantly too high, the fuse interrupts the circuit. As a result, it can subsequently be recognized from the current measurement that the current is smaller than the maximum switchable current of the relay and thus the switching relay is opened again.
    The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to FIG. • ♦ 99 ·· 5 9 0 9 9 9 9 999
    It show fig. ^ iptferjifttisctrein inventive battery system and Rg. 2 operating areas for the overcurrent shutdown of the inventive battery system.
    The battery system 1 has a rechargeable battery 2, for example a lithium-ion rechargeable battery, and an overcurrent shutdown device 3 with a switching relay 4, a first current sensor 5a, a second current sensor 5b, and a fuse 6 designed as a fuse. The battery 2, the switching relay 4 and the current sensors 5a, 5b communicate with a battery control unit BCU. The switching relay 4 has a first Abschaltstrombereich 13, within which the switching relay 4 can be safely switched at least once, so that the insulation resistance of the switching relay 4 is in a sufficiently high range.
    The two current sensors 5a, 5b have different measuring ranges. The first current sensor 5a has a further measuring range I2, which essentially covers the first switch-off current range I3 of the switching relay 4. The measurement accuracy of this current sensor 5a does not have to be too large.
    The second current sensor 5b is designed for the operating current range Ii up to the maximum permissible peak current IP. The fuse 6 has a second Abschaltstrombereich I4. The second turn-off current range I4 is predominantly at higher currents I than the first turn-off current range I3, the first turn-off current range I3 and the second turn-off current range I4 having an overlap region ΔΙ. Ic is a continuous operating current, in which a temporally unrestricted operation without thermal overloading of components is possible.
    With Iu the overcurrent area is designated, which extends above the operating range Ii to the short-circuit current ISc. With NA, non-switchable current ranges are designated in FIG. 2 for the switching relay 4 and the fuse 6.
    The first current sensor 5a has the ability to measure up to the overlap area ΔΙ. Based on the measurement of the first current sensor 5a, it is decided whether the switching relay 4 remains closed or whether it is opened. The switching relay 4 always remains closed when the current I over the measuring range of the first, ifcrgjpsefißqiä SaJiggfr, since in this case the current I too high for the switchable Relay 4 is. If the current I is in the overcurrent range Iu, but below the maximum switchable current Imax of the switching relay 4, the switching relay 4 can be used to interrupt the current I and opened.
    If the current I, however, continuously higher than the maximum switchable by the switching relay 4 current Imax / so interrupts the fuse 6 by melting the circuit. In a further consequence, the switching relay 4 can be opened for additional safety, if it is detected by one of the current sensors 5a, 5b, that the current is below the maximum switchable current Imax of the switching relay 4.
    The switching relay 4 and the fuse 6 must be designed in their capacity of the shutdown so that they have a certain overlap ΔΙ. In the example shown in Fig. 2, the switching relay 4 has a turn-off in the first Abschaltstrombereich I3 between OA to 1000A and the fuse a second Abschaltstrombereich I4 of about 900A to the short-circuit current ISc- The first current sensor 5a must measure the current I to about 1000A can, with a coarse resolution is sufficient.
    In an overcurrent situation, the current I to 1000A is measured by the first current sensor 5a. If the current increase remains below 1000A, the switching relay 4 is switched off and thus the circuit is interrupted. However, if the current I rises above the measuring range I2 of the second current sensor 5b or lies above the minimum switchable current Imm of the fuse 6, the switching relay 4 is kept closed until the fuse 6 disconnects the electric circuit.
    This ensures that all possible current levels from OA to the short-circuit current ISc are safely disconnected from the components without damaging the system.
    权利要求:
    Claims (7)
    [1]
    7 * »* t» · * ··· · »· · * Ι · ··· CLAIMS 1. Battery system (1) with a battery (2), in particular with lithium-ion cells, with an overcurrent cut-off device (3), wherein at least one fuse (6) and at least one switching relay (4) are electrically connected in series, and at least one current sensor (5a, 5b) for detecting the battery current (I), wherein the switching relay (4) has a first breaking current range (I3) with a maximum switchable current (Imax) and the fuse (6) has a second switch-off current range (I4) with a minimally switchable current (Imin), wherein the maximum switchable current (Imax) of the first switch-off current range (I3) and the minimum switchable current ( Imin) of the second Abschaltstrombereiches (I4) over a maximum current (Ip) of an operating current range (Ii) and wherein the switchable currents (I) of the second Abschaltstrombereiches (I4) are at least predominantly greater than the switchable currents (I) of he Most current Abschaltstrombereiches (I3), characterized in that the first and the second Abschaltstrombereich (I3,14) have an overlap region (.DELTA.Ι), and that at least a first current sensor (5a) is designed to currents (I) at least to the minimum switchable Current (Imm) of the second Abschaltstrombereiches (I4), preferably to detect the maximum switchable current (Imax) of the first Abschaltstrombereiches (I3).
    [2]
    2. Battery system (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that a second current sensor (5b) is designed to detect currents (I) only within the operating current range (Ii).
    [3]
    3. Battery system (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the overlap current range (ΔΙ) is at least 5% of the first Abschaltstrombereiches (I3), preferably at least 10% of the first Abschaltstrombereiches (I3).
    [4]
    4. A method for switching off batteries (2) in the event of overcurrents in a battery system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least one current sensor (5a, 5b) measures the battery current (I) and at currents ( I) within the first Abschaltstrombereiches (I3), preferably above the maximum ·· ·· ·· * »8 the battery current (I) by opening the switching relay (4) is interrupted.
    [5]
    5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that at currents (I) below the minimum switchable current (Imm) of the second current range (I4), preferably above the maximum operating current range (Ij.) Of the battery current (I) by opening the switching relay ( 4) is interrupted.
    [6]
    6. The method of claim 4 or 5, characterized in that at currents (I) above the first Abschaltstrombereiches (I3) or above the minimum switchable current (Imfn) of the second Abschaltstrombereiches (I4) opening of the switching relay (4) is prevented.
    [7]
    7. The method according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that at currents (I) below the second Abschaltstrombereiches (I4) interrupting the battery current through the fuse (6) is prevented. Patent Attorney ninf .Inn Man (Ulirkac.1 DahaluL ·

    2011 11 03 Fu / St
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