• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    In a method for adapting an arc sensor in an electrical installation installation, it is proposed that at least at a first position in the installation installation a predefinable number of predeterminable arcs be simulated and / or generated, with each simulated arc subsequently receiving at least one current and / or voltage characteristic is, wherein at least one characteristic of the recorded current and / or voltage waveforms is determined and / or stored.
    公开号:AT511790A2
    申请号:T1094/2011
    申请日:2011-07-26
    公开日:2013-02-15
    发明作者:Michael Koch
    申请人:Eaton Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    32802 / lh
    The invention relates to a method according to claim 1.
    Methods are known for detecting arcs occurring in an installation arrangement, which method attempts to detect an arc based on specific patterns in a frequency spectrum. In these methods, a current and / or voltage signal is recorded and analyzed in the electrical installation arrangement. It is known, for example, to evaluate certain spectral components, as frequency ranges, and to examine the current and / or voltage signal with regard to the occurrence of specific patterns in this frequency range in order to deduce the occurrence of an electric arc. Such methods have proven to be disadvantageous in practice, or not feasible, since these methods can often not detect dangerous arcing actually occurring as such, and thus cause no shutdown of the relevant network in case of failure. On the other hand, however, such methods often "detect" non-dangerous events as "dangerous arcs" and cause a safety-unfounded power cut-off. Therefore, such known methods ensure only insufficient protection against the effects of dangerous arcs, and thus do not provide effective protection against arc-causing fires. Furthermore, such methods cause low network availability due to false shutdowns. Because of these significant disadvantages, therefore, the use of such methods is often dispensed with, since many users perceive a lack of network availability due to a false shutdown as deliberately disturbing event, and negate the dangers of arcs.
    The object of the invention is therefore to provide a method of the type mentioned, with which the mentioned disadvantages can be avoided, and with which both a high network availability and high security against the effects of arcing occurring is given.
    This is achieved by the features of claim 1 according to the invention.
    As a result, high network availability and high security can be achieved. ## EQU1 ## · Φ · 44 can be achieved against the effects of occurring arcing. As a result, occurring in the electrical installation assembly arcs can be reliably detected, and distinguished from other electrical events. As a result, an arc sensor is trained directly in the electrical environment to be protected or monitored for the effects of different occurring arcs. As a result, the actual and under real conditions occurring in the electrical installation arrangement to be protected effects of an electric arc can be used to assess electrical events, as well as to decide whether due to an electrical event shutdown of at least a portion of the electrical installation arrangement should or should not. As a result, the measurable effects of occurring electrical events can be evaluated or recognized particularly well with regard to their cause as an arc event.
    The invention further relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 13.
    The object of the invention is to provide a method of the type mentioned above, with which the disadvantages mentioned above can be avoided, and with which both a high network availability and high security against the effects of arcing occurring is given.
    This is achieved by the features of claim 13 according to the invention.
    Thereby, the above advantages can be achieved.
    The invention further relates to an arc protection switch according to the preamble of claim 18.
    The object of the invention is to provide an arc protection switch of the type mentioned above, with which the disadvantages mentioned above can be avoided, and with which both a high network availability and high security against the effects of arcing occurring is given.
    This is achieved by the features of claim 18 according to the invention.
    Thereby, the above advantages can be achieved.
    The subclaims relate to further advantageous embodiments of the invention.
    It is expressly referred to the wording of the claims, whereby the claims are hereby incorporated by reference into the description and are considered to be reproduced verbatim.
    The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which only preferred embodiments are shown by way of example. It shows;
    Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a first arrangement for carrying out a subject method;
    FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a second arrangement for carrying out an objective method; FIG.
    Fig. 3 is a structural diagram of a first method for selecting a characteristic or algorithm;
    Fig. 4 is a structural diagram of a second method for selecting a characteristic or algorithm; and
    Fig. 5 is a structural diagram of a third method for selecting a characteristic or algorithm;
    1 and 2 each show an arrangement for implementing a method for adapting an arc sensor in an electrical installation installation, wherein a predeterminable number of predefinable arcs are simulated and / or generated at least at a first position in the installation installation, wherein each simulated or generated Arc subsequently at least one current and / or voltage waveform is recorded, wherein at least one characteristic of the recorded current and / or voltage waveforms is determined and / or stored.
    As a result, high network availability and high security against the effects of arcing occurring can be achieved. As a result, occurring in the electrical installation assembly arcs can be reliably detected, and distinguished from other electrical events. As a result, an arc sensor can be trained directly in the electrical environment to be protected or monitored for the effects of different occurring arcing. As a result, the actual and under real conditions in the electric to be protected can be ··················································.
    Installation arrangement occurring effects of an arc used to assess electrical events, as well as to decide whether due to an electrical event, a shutdown of at least a part of the electrical installation arrangement should or should not. As a result, the measurable effects of occurring electrical events can be evaluated or recognized particularly well with regard to their cause as an arc event.
    The subject invention is directed to a method in which an arc sensor "learns" which causes or leaves a occurring arc in the actual electrical environment of use. Furthermore, the subject invention includes a method for protecting an electrical installation from arcs or their effects, and an arc protection switch.
    By way of introduction, the method for adapting an arc sensor in an electrical installation system, as well as preferred embodiments thereof, will be described.
    An electrical installation system is preferably any type of electrical circuit arrangement which is provided and / or suitable for the provision and supply of electrical energy. In particular, the term covers installation systems in the field of building services.
    An arc sensor is preferably a device which is provided and / or designed to assign an event or the measurable effects of an event within an electrical circuit arrangement or installation system causally to a, in particular so-called, dangerous arc. In particular, an arc is said to be "dangerous" if its power is sufficient to cause a fire in the vicinity of the arc in question. The classification into dangerous and harmless arcs may therefore depend on the performance of the arc, including the environment, and the flammability or inflammability of the objects in their environment. As a cause of the fire in the literature about a power loss of 60W is given at a fault. Preference is given to take into account the respective actual environment of the electrical installation system, and to classify already in fire-sensitive environments already arcs with lower power than dangerous arcs.
    Adaptation refers to the adaptation of the methods used or used for the detection of arcs to the actual electrical environment of the arc sensor. The arc sensor is therefore accustomed to the actual electrical environment or trained. Preferred embodiments of this adaptation will be discussed below.
    In the subject method, a predeterminable number of specifiable arcs is simulated and / or generated at least at a first position in the installation installation. It is preferably provided to simulate and / or generate at a plurality of different positions likewise a predefinable number of predefinable arcs. When generating a predetermined arc is provided at the relevant first position to actually cause an arc. For this test devices are already known. Simulating an arc preferably refers to the feeding of a broadband electrical signal, which in particular reproduces the electrical effects of an arc near its place of appearance.
    The term predefinable arc refers both to the intensity or power loss of the simulated or generated arcs, as well as the type of arc, in the sense of an arc at a serial conductor interruption or a parallel arc. It is provided in each case to generate and / or simulate a plurality of arcing events at the at least one first position. As a result, statistically meaningful data are available for a further evaluation of the subsequently recorded measurement results. As a result, the quality of the determined characteristics compared to individual measurements can be improved.
    It is envisaged that each simulated or generated arc is subsequently recorded at least one current and / or voltage curve. It is provided to record the relevant current and / or voltage profile at the arc sensor or by the arc sensor itself. By the generation or simulation of the arcs at the first position in the electrical installation installation and the subsequent recording of the current and / or voltage profiles at a second position in the electrical installation installation deviating from the first position, at which the «V« · t »· t · · * · I * · · · all t · · · tl» l «·« «« m • «fr ··········································
    Arc sensor is also arranged for further monitoring of the electrical installation system, the electrical currents and / or voltages generated at the first position are delivered to their reception at the second position all the influences and effects of the intervening parts of the electrical installation system and are changed by this. Such influences include frequency-dependent transmission, reflection and / or attenuation of the broadband current and / or voltage curve, which arises as a consequence of an arc, on the electrical conductors, on branches, open ends and / or connected consumers. The current and / or voltage signal detectable as a consequence of an arc at the second position by the arc sensor can therefore have clear differences from the corresponding signal at the first position.
    It is envisaged to record a current and / or voltage profile, which is recorded in particular broadband. The upper limit frequency is preferably about 20 MHz. Whereby larger bandwidths and higher upper limit frequencies can be provided. It is preferably provided that in a measured value detection unit 2 at least one current sensor and / or a voltage sensor are arranged, which are adapted to receive and output a time profile of the current in the electrical lines 30 and / or the voltage between the lines 30 as a time-dependent signal , wherein the output can be done both analog, and in value and / or discrete-time, especially digital, form.
    Following the recording of the current and / or voltage curves, it is provided that at least one characteristic of the recorded current and / or voltage profiles is determined and / or stored. As a characteristic of at least one gestalthafte or typical peculiarity of a current and / or voltage curve is preferably considered. In particular, as characteristics of peculiarities of the current caused by an arc current and / or voltage curves are preferred, which allow a clear distinction from other current and / or voltage curves within the electrical installation system. For this purpose, it may be provided that all consumers, in particular at least critical consumers, who also cause arcing during operation, such as DC machines with brushes, are put into operation before carrying out the subject method, and also from the current and / or voltage profiles determined thereby Determine characteristics. These consumer characteristics can be stored in order to reliably detect uncritical current and / or voltage characteristics as such during subsequent monitoring of the electrical installation system. By identifying and storing at least one characteristic, therefore, a reliable association of occurring electrical effects with dangerous or safe causes adapted to the respective actual installation environment can take place.
    As already stated, it is possible to determine and / or store as a characteristic any peculiarity of a current and / or voltage curve which would make it possible to sufficiently distinguish whether the cause is a dangerous arc or another, in particular harmless, electrical event is.
    By following preferred characteristics are given as a characteristic in the objective sense, wherein a combination of several of the cited preferred characteristics can be provided.
    According to a preferred embodiment of the present method, it is provided that at least one predefinable part of a time curve and / or an envelope of the time profile of the current and / or voltage curve is determined and / or stored as at least one characteristic. Thereby, the duration of the event and a vulnerable periodicity, and optionally their frequency, can be used to evaluate a current and / or voltage curve measured at a later time, whereby a good distinction between faulty arcs occurring aperiodically and unpredictably, and others , in particular regularly occurring, events are made. As a result, the power at the fault location can furthermore be determined or deduced therefrom and taken into account. As a result, repeated errors can be detected, as well as a decay or extinction of an arc.
    In this context, it may be provided that a number of failed half-waves of the current and / or current may occur as at least one characteristic
    Voltage profile is determined and / or stored. As a result, an electrical event can also be effectively detected as an error, since such occur randomly.
    Furthermore, it can be provided that at least one specifiable part of a frequency spectrum and / or an envelope of the frequency spectrum of the current and / or voltage profile is determined and / or stored as at least one characteristic. Due to the analysis in the frequency domain, dangerous arcs can be detected well, as they show typical effects in current and / or voltage characteristics in certain frequency ranges. Due to the integration of the transmission properties of the real electrical installation system can now be concluded from the recorded current and / or voltage curves on the occurrence of a dangerous arc.
    It can be provided, for example, that at least one
    Characteristic an amplitude value in a predetermined frequency band is determined and / or stored. This has the advantage of high discrimination between hazardous arcing events and harmless other events. Furthermore, this leads to a technically simple implementation or implementation.
    Additionally or alternatively it can be provided that a phase shift of the current and / or voltage profile is determined and / or stored as at least one characteristic. The detection of a phase shift between the current and the voltage curve is technically easy to implement, and allows a conclusion on a participating
    Consumer or the nature of the fault.
    It is intended to examine or analyze the recorded current and / or voltage profiles with regard to at least one characteristic, in particular at least one of the characteristics described above as being preferred. In this case, any technical method can be provided in order to determine the stated at least one property or the characteristic from the recorded current and / or voltage curves.
    In particular, it is provided that the recorded current and / or voltage profiles are predeterminably analyzed in a time and / or an image area, in particular a frequency range, for determining the at least one characteristic. To this end, it is preferably provided that an arc detector comprises a transformation unit, in particular for carrying out an FFT, a Gabor transformation and / or a wavelet transformation.
    As already considered, it is preferably provided to generate and / or simulate a plurality of such arcs for each type of generated and / or simulated arc, respectively. As a result, the actual characteristics can be better recognized and determined, since individual events usually have little significance.
    It is therefore preferably provided in this context that an average value and / or a standard deviation is determined from a predeterminable number of determined characteristics. As a result, a significantly more meaningful value can be determined in the form of a characteristic mean value, wherein a quality value for this characteristic mean value is also available by determining the variance or standard deviation. In a subsequent review of a recorded current and / or voltage curve with regard to its cause in a dangerous arc event, it is preferably provided to subject the now recorded current and / or voltage curve to the same mathematical methods which were used to determine the stored characteristic , and to compare the thus processed current and / or voltage curve with the stored characteristic mean value, wherein already an approximation of the newly reworked current and / or voltage curve within a predeterminable interval around the characteristic mean, as a fulfillment of the characteristic average can be viewed. The "width" of the interval in question may be a function of the standard deviation. Therefore, with a small standard deviation of the stored characteristic average, a small interval is given, and with a large standard deviation, a large interval is given.
    The manner in which the arc sensor is adapted by means of the determined characteristics can be designed differently. Two preferred embodiments of a correspondingly formed arc sensor will be described in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 2.
    The arrangements described in each case are designed as an arc protection switch comprising an arc sensor, with at least one current sensor and / or at least one voltage sensor for receiving a current or voltage curve, as well as with switch contacts for specifiable interruption of an electrical connection within an electrical installation system, wherein the arc protection switch an electrical Circuit arrangement, for carrying out a method for adapting an arc sensor in an electrical installation installation and / or a method - described below - for protecting an electrical installation system from electric arcs, and the circuit arrangement is at least indirectly operatively connected to the switch contacts. The listed switching contacts are not shown in the figures, as well as a trigger and a rear derailleur or switch lock. These modules are preferably based on their design and configuration of the corresponding modules in circuit breakers and / or residual current circuit breakers.
    It is preferably provided that the electrical circuit arrangement comprises a microcontroller.
    As already considered above, the subject invention further comprises a method for protecting an electrical installation from arcing, wherein at least one electrical current and / or voltage waveform is recorded, which subsequently compared with at least one, determined by a preceding method characteristic or one - hereinafter Algorithm is evaluated, wherein at a predetermined approximation of at least one property of the determined current and / or voltage curve with the at least one determined
    Characteristic or a predetermined limit at least part of the electrical installation system is turned off. As a result, current and / or voltage profiles recorded to protect the electrical installation installation can be compared with characteristics actually determined at the location of the recording of the current and / or voltage profiles. This allows the protection of electrical systems, as well as their environment from the harmful and
    ♦ P «« · k k • • • • • • • • • t k k k k k k k k k k k ji * «» dangerous effects of electric arcs are particularly well done, and at the same time a high network availability are achieved by avoiding false alarms as far as possible.
    Further preferred method steps are given at the given place in the description of particularly preferred arc protection switch.
    1 shows a block diagram of a first arrangement for carrying out an objective method or a first preferred embodiment of an arc protection switch with an arc sensor. It was dispensed with a representation of the isolating contacts.
    The arc protection switch has an adaptive filter 6. For adaptation, the control unit 1, which has approximately a microcontroller, closes the first switch 31, as a result of which at least one line 30 or a pair of lines of the electrical installation is connected in circuit terms to the measured value detection unit 2. It is provided that the control unit 1 has input means, or at least temporarily connectable to such, for example via an interface, such as RS-232 and / or USB. This allows commands to be transmitted to the control unit, and the transition between different operating modes can be initiated. Furthermore, the control unit 1 is preferably at least temporarily connected to at least one display means, whereby a monitoring of a state can take place. As a result, the required interaction in the adaptation of the arc sensor can take place. For example, in terms of the type of arc, whether it is simulated or actually generated, whether it is a parallel or serial arc, etc., as well as the number of arcs. The subject embodiments of the control unit 1 are also applicable to the further described embodiments according to FIGS. 2 and 3.
    The measured value acquisition unit 2 determines the current and / or voltage profile as a function of time. The measured value acquisition unit 2 has suitable measuring devices for this, in particular the determination of a digital current and / or voltage characteristic being provided. According to the illustrated preferred embodiment, the measured value acquisition unit 2 further comprises a transformation unit 3, in which the current and / or voltage profile from the time domain is transformed into an image area, in particular the frequency range. The transformed signal is subsequently applied to a computing and / or storage unit 8. It is provided that in the area of the arithmetic and / or memory unit 8, at least one characteristic specified with respect to its type is determined from the ascertained current and / or voltage profile or the transformed signal, which is present as a spectrum. In this case, the determination of several characteristics can be provided. It is particularly preferred to provide an average value based on a plurality of determined characteristics based on one and the same simulated or generated arc type.
    Preferably, it is now provided that in an adaptation phase, the adaptive filter 6 of an arc protection switch, in particular according to FIG. 1, with the characteristics, in particular with a corresponding average, is set. In this case, the same electrical signal is applied to the adaptive filter 6 on both sides. For this purpose, a further connection can be provided from the measured value acquisition unit 2 to a variable filter assembly 7, or - as in FIG. 1 - a second measured value acquisition unit 2, which is connected in terms of circuitry to the variable filter assembly 7. The output of the variable filter assembly 7 is connected to an inverting input of the adaptive filter 6 whose non-inverting input is connected to the arithmetic and / or memory unit 8. Preferably, the use of only a single measured value acquisition unit 2 is provided, since thereby the accuracy of adaptation or adaptation of the arc sensor is not affected by slight differences, such as different noise behavior, of two measured value acquisition units 2. The same applies to the preferred implementation of the transformation unit 3.
    The output of the second measured value acquisition unit 2 is further connected to a so-called comparison and / or control unit 9. This is further connected to the output of the adaptive filter 6 itself. Upon successful adaptation of the adaptive filter 6, the signal at the output of the adaptive filter 6 becomes very small, in particular with perfect - and in reality hardly expected - adaptation zero. By comparing the output signal of the second measured value acquisition unit 2 with the output of the adaptive filter 6, at least one correction value is determined with which the variable filter assembly is adjusted such that the signal at the output of the adaptive filter 6 is adjusted very small, especially zero, will. It is preferably provided that the adjustment of the variable filter assembly 7 using recursive mathematical methods or algorithms takes place, which are performed in the comparison and / or control unit 9.
    In the embodiment according to FIG. 1, the entire time profile and / or the entire spectrum of the current and / or voltage curve can represent the at least one characteristic. However, it can also be provided that at least one of the above-explained characteristics is determined in the measured value acquisition unit 2 or the transformation unit 3, in which case the variable filter is also applied to this at least one characteristic only.
    According to the correspondingly described adaptation of the device according to FIG. 1, the current and / or voltage profile in the at least one conductor is monitored in the subsequent operation for monitoring an electrical installation arrangement with respect to occurring dangerous arcs, and by the measured value detection unit 2 or the transformation unit 3 accordingly the determination of the at least one characteristic treated. Subsequently, the signal thus formed is filtered with the variable filter assembly 7 and the inverting input of the adaptive filter 6, which adaptive filter 6 by a discrete addition unit 33 in Fig. 1 - is illustrated as a particularly preferred embodiment. The non-inverting input of the adaptive filter 6 is supplied with the predeterminate at least one characteristic stored in the arithmetic and / or storage unit 8. The greater the correspondence between the stored characteristics and the newly determined "properties" of the current and / or voltage curve, the smaller the value at the output of the adaptive filter 6. In the trip unit 4, the output signal of the adaptive filter 6 is undershot checked a predetermined and stored comparison value. Falling below the comparison value by the value of the signal at the output of the adaptive filter 6 is assumed to be an occurrence of a dangerous arc, whereupon the trip unit 4 causes the opening of the release contacts. * #
    ·································································································. 2 shows a block diagram of a second arrangement for carrying out an objective method or a second preferred embodiment of an arc protection switch with an arc sensor. It was dispensed with a representation of the isolating contacts.
    With regard to the preferred embodiments of the individual modules, reference is made to the above explanations to FIG. In the following, only the functional interactions or circuit connections will be explained.
    An arc sensor according to the second preferred embodiment has a control unit 1, two measured value acquisition units 2 and preferably also two transformation unit 3, a computing and / or storage unit 8, a trip unit 4, a first switch 31, and an addition unit 33, which according to the preferred digital conversion of the arc sensor of FIG. 2 is formed as a discrete addition unit 33. Via the first switch 31, which is controlled by the control unit, the at least one conductor 30 is connected in terms of circuitry to the measured value detection unit 2. The measured value acquisition unit 2 is connected in terms of circuitry to the transformation unit 3, which in turn is itself connected to the arithmetic and / or memory unit 8 whose output is applied to an inverting input of the addition unit 33. In the conductor 30 is further a Meßwerterfassungseinheiten 2, which further comprises a transformation unit 3, arranged, whose output is applied to a non-inverting input of the addition unit 33. The output of the addition unit 33 is located on the trip unit 4.
    In the adaptation of the arc sensor, the first switch 31 is closed by the control unit 1, and carried out the generation or simulation of the predetermined arcs. In this case, current and / or voltage profiles are recorded by the measured value acquisition unit 2 and transformed in the transformation unit 3 into the image area. From the spectrum determined in the process, at least one characteristic is determined, which is stored in the arithmetic and / or memory unit 8.
    In the subsequent monitoring of the electrical installation system, the respective measured value acquisition unit "..." *. *. * ; T and the transformation unit 3 processed current and / or voltage waveforms applied to the non-inverting input of the addition unit 33. The greater the agreement between the stored characteristics and the newly determined properties of the current and / or voltage curve, the smaller the value at the output of the addition unit 33. In the trip unit 4, the output signal of the addition unit 33 with respect to falling below a predetermined and stored Comparison value checked. Falling below the comparison value by the output of the addition unit 33 is assumed to be an occurrence of a dangerous arc, whereupon the trip unit 4 causes the opening of the - not shown - isolating contacts.
    It can be provided that only one single device, according to one of the above preferred embodiments, is implemented in an arc detector or an arc protection switch. But it can also be provided a predetermined plurality of such devices per arc detector or arc protection switch. In each case, a different characteristic may be provided, or a specific frequency band, for example.
    Furthermore, it can be provided to adapt the arc sensor not only with respect to the detection of dangerous arcs, but also - according to the above-described method - also to adapt to the fact that the arc sensor also detects consumers within the electrical installation system, which can lead to false triggering due to experience such as welding equipment, or large electric motors with brushes. It can be provided to adapt the arc sensor in at least one of the above-described ways to the consumer, the characteristics determined are stored in a separate memory or labeled accordingly, so that their fulfillment by the properties of a later recorded power and / or Voltage curve causes no triggering of the release contacts.
    In addition to the hitherto sole description of the determination of at least one characteristic, as well as the further review of subsequently determined current and / or voltage characteristics to the fulfillment of at least one * «* * t *« * · «« * * · < · «T · · · · 4 ** * 16 * * * * ·
    Characteristic, is further preferably provided that at least one characteristic is included in at least a first mathematical algorithm. It is provided in particular that the at least one characteristic has the form of a, in particular complex, number, and that at least one mathematical variable in the first mathematical
    Algorithm is assigned the characteristic in question. It is provided that during the monitoring of the electrical installation installation, the ascertained current and / or voltage profiles are evaluated by means of the first algorithm, and the result determined thereby or the property is monitored by the tripping unit 4.
    In the method described so far and its implementation, during the monitoring of the electrical installation installation, a current and / or voltage profile is checked for the fulfillment of at least one characteristic. As described, a multiple, in particular parallel, design of the respective arrangement can be provided. However, it may also be provided that groups of different characteristics, in particular groups of mean values of characteristics, are stored in a library. Likewise, different algorithms may be stored in such a library. Such a library is preferably arranged in the area of the arithmetic and / or memory unit 8.
    It is preferably provided that in the monitoring of the electrical installation system, the characteristic or the algorithm from a predetermined number of stored characteristics or algorithms is selected specifiable.
    The described selection of a characteristic or algorithm can be provided in any of the described embodiments of an arc sensor, arc protection switch or a corresponding method for operating such devices.
    With regard to the selection of a specific characteristic or algorithm from the predefinable number of stored characteristics or algorithms, any type of such a selection method can be provided. Hereinafter, three preferred selection methods will be described with reference to FIGS. ♦ · # ····· * • * «« «« ·· 4 «« «« «* * * * * · · · · · · t * · *» * · t · · · ·
    According to a first preferred method for selecting a characteristic or algorithm, it is provided that the number of occurring or failed half-waves is determined for selecting the characteristic or the algorithm. Fig. 3 shows a structural diagram of such a first method.
    In this case, in a first step 10, a measurement of the current and / or voltage profile in the line 30 is performed. In a further step 11, the number of existing half-waves or the failed half-waves of the measured current and / or voltage curve is determined. Subsequently, a ratio between the setpoint and actual number of half-waves of the measured current and / or voltage curve is determined in step 12. If it is determined that the ratio of the half-waves of the measured current and / or voltage curve is 2: 2, a first algorithm 15 is selected in path 13 in which the number of zeros and the amplitude in a frequency band are examined and evaluated by 1 MHz becomes. If it is determined that the ratio of the half-waves of the measured current and / or voltage curve is 2: 2, and is approximately 2: 1 or 2: 0, a second algorithm 16 is selected in path 14, which second algorithm is applied to the Detecting and evaluating aperiodic power interruptions is turned off.
    According to a second preferred method of selecting a characteristic or algorithm, it is provided that for selecting the characteristic or the algorithm a first amplitude in a first frequency band, and a second amplitude in a second frequency band is determined that the first amplitude compared with the second amplitude becomes. Fig. 4 shows a structogram of such a second method.
    In this case, in a first step 10, a measurement of the current and / or voltage profile in the line 30 is performed. In a further step 17, the maximum amplitudes are determined in a predetermined selection of frequency ranges, for example a range around 1 MHz and a range around 15 MHz, of the measured current and / or voltage curve. Subsequently, in step 18 it is determined in which of the predetermined frequency ranges the amplitude maximum is located. If it is ascertained that the maximum amplitude in the frequency range is around 1 MHz, then in path 19 the * * * * * · »*» »+ · ι · · · * · · · · · * * * * · · * * · · ·
    • · · I · · »·· ** I *« · * · · ·· «
    The first algorithm 15 is selected in which the number of zeros and the amplitude in a frequency band of 1 MHz are examined and evaluated. If it is determined that the amplitude maximum in the frequency range is around 15 MHz, a third algorithm 21 is selected in path 20, which third algorithm is set to this frequency range, and comprises approximately a logarithmic signal amplification.
    According to a third preferred method for selecting a characteristic or algorithm, it is provided that for selecting the characteristic or the algorithm, a phase shift between a current waveform and a voltage waveform is detected. Fig. 5 shows a structural diagram of such a third method.
    In this case, in a first step 10, a measurement of the current and / or voltage profile in the line 30 is performed. In a further step 22, a phase shift between the respective voltages u and currents i within the current and / or voltage curve is measured. Subsequently, the type of consumer is determined in step 23, therefore, whether it is a predominantly inductive, ohmic or capacitive load. For this purpose, it is determined whether the respective voltage is leading, lagging or in phase with the respective current.
    If it is determined that the voltage leads the current, it is an inductive load, and in path 24 the fourth algorithm 27 is selected, which is directed to the evaluation of inductive loads or errors.
    If it is determined that the voltage is in phase with the current, it is an ohmic load, and in path 25 the fifth algorithm 28 is selected, which is directed to the evaluation of resistive loads or faults.
    If it is determined that the voltage lags the current, it is a capacitive load, and in path 26 the sixth algorithm 29 is selected, which is directed to the evaluation of capacitive loads or faults.
    Preferably, the selection between all of the algorithms shown as preferred may be provided. Furthermore, the
    Selection be provided within a larger amount of algorithms.
    Further embodiments according to the invention have only a part of the features described, wherein each feature combination, in particular also of various described embodiments, can be provided.
    claims:
    权利要求:
    Claims (18)
    [1]
    "20 *" 20 * Dl DR. FERDINAND GIBLER DR DR. WOLFGANG POTH AtiStrian and Furopean Patent and Trademark Attorneys GIBLER & POTH PATENTANWÄLTE 32802 / lh PATENT CLAIMS 1. A method of adapting an arc sensor in an electrical installation installation, wherein at least at a first position in The installation installation simulates and / or generates a predefinable number of predefinable arcs, wherein at least one current and / or voltage profile is recorded for each simulated or generated arc, whereby at least one characteristic of the recorded current and / or voltage profiles is determined and / or stored becomes.
    [2]
    2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the recorded current and / or voltage waveforms are predeterminably analyzed in a time and / or an image area, in particular a frequency range, for determining the at least one characteristic.
    [3]
    3. The method of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that as at least one characteristic at least one predetermined portion of a time course and / or an envelope of the time course of the current and / or voltage curve is determined and / or stored.
    [4]
    4. The method of claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that as at least one characteristic is determined a number of failed half-waves of the current and / or voltage waveform and / or stored.
    [5]
    5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that is determined as at least one characteristic at least one predetermined portion of a frequency spectrum and / or an envelope of the frequency spectrum of the current and / or voltage waveform and / or stored.
    [6]
    6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that is determined as at least one characteristic of an amplitude value in a predetermined frequency band and / or stored.
    [7]
    7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that is determined as at least one characteristic of a phase shift of the current and / or voltage waveform and / or stored
    [8]
    8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a mean value and / or a standard deviation is determined from a predetermined number of determined characteristics.
    [9]
    9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the current and / or voltage waveforms are received at substantially one point of the electrical installation system.
    [10]
    10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that with the characteristics, in particular with an average of a predetermined number of recorded current and / or voltage waveforms, an adaptive filter is set.
    [11]
    11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that groups of different characteristics, in particular groups of mean values of characteristics, are stored in a library.
    [12]
    12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that at least one characteristics is included in at least a first mathematical algorithm.
    [13]
    13. A method for protecting an electrical installation from arcs, wherein at least one electrical current and / or voltage waveform is recorded, which subsequently compared with at least one, determined by a method according to one of claims 1 to 11 characteristic or evaluated algorithm according to claim 12 is switched off, wherein at a predetermined approximation of at least one property of the determined current and / or voltage curve with the at least one determined characteristic or a predetermined limit at least a portion of the electrical installation system.
    [14]
    14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that the characteristic or the algorithm of a predeterminable number of stored characteristics or algorithms is selected specifiable.
    [15]
    15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that the number of occurring or failed half-waves is determined to select the characteristic or the algorithm.
    [16]
    16. The method according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that for selecting the characteristic or the algorithm, a first amplitude in a first frequency band, and a second amplitude in a second frequency band is determined that the first amplitude is compared with the second amplitude.
    [17]
    17. The method of claim 14, 15 or 16, characterized in that for selecting the characteristic or the algorithm, a phase shift between a current waveform and a voltage waveform is detected.
    [18]
    18. arc protection switch with at least one current sensor and / or at least one voltage sensor for receiving a current or voltage curve, as well as with switch contacts for specifiable interruption of an electrical connection within an electrical installation, characterized in that the arc protection switch an electrical circuit arrangement, in particular comprising a microcontroller method for carrying out a method according to one of Claims 1 to 12 and / or a method according to one of Claims 13 to 17, and the circuit arrangement at least indirectly operatively connected to the switch contacts.

    (Dr. F. Gibler or Dr, W. Poth)
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    AT511790A2|2013-02-15|METHOD FOR ADAPTING A LIGHT ARC SENSOR
    DE102014204253B4|2016-06-09|Detecting a serial arc in an electrical system
    DE102005028881B4|2010-04-29|Fault current analyzer for detecting a fault current and device with fault current detection function
    DE112012001189B4|2021-08-12|Methods, systems and devices for the detection of parallel electrical arcing faults
    EP3046197B1|2018-03-21|Method and device for detecting the earth fault direction in a three phasealternating electric current network
    DE102010063419A1|2012-06-21|A method of detecting arcing events by a fault counter and apparatus
    DE102010063422A1|2012-06-21|Method and apparatus for detecting an accidental arc event in an AC mains
    DE102015216915A1|2017-03-09|Method and device for insulation fault location with adaptive test current detection
    DE102018114540B3|2019-11-21|Method for detecting electric arcs in DC circuits
    EP1090303B1|2005-01-12|Method and device for monitoring an electrode line of a bipolar high voltage direct current | transmission system
    AT402770B|1997-08-25|METHOD FOR MONITORING A THREE-PHASE NETWORK FOR A CHANGE IN THE TUNING COOLER
    WO2004102760A1|2004-11-25|Method and device for detecting disturbing arcs
    DE2803690A1|1978-08-03|PROTECTIVE RELAY CIRCUIT FOR CREATING A COMBINED DISTANCE AND OVERCURRENT FUNCTION
    DE102016116695A1|2018-03-08|Method and measuring device for checking a cable harness
    AT413769B|2006-05-15|METHOD FOR DETERMINING A PARAMETER OF AN ELECTRICAL NETWORK
    EP3462189A1|2019-04-03|Method and monitoring device for the selective determination of a sub-net discharge capacity in an unearthed power supply system
    EP3269015B1|2020-07-22|Method for determining states and locating faults in installed isolated down conductors in the external lightning protection means
    DE102014201783A1|2014-09-18|Injection PROTOCOL
    EP1001270B1|2004-09-01|Method for testing a ground connection
    AT511775A2|2013-02-15|METHOD FOR DETECTING ARC FLASH ELECTRICAL EFFECTS IN AN ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION PLANT
    DE102019132071A1|2021-05-27|Device for monitoring a supply network
    EP2703828A2|2014-03-05|Device for reducing interference in the localisation of jacket defects
    DE102013100906A1|2013-08-01|Method for adaption of electric arc sensor in electric installation system, involves determining frequency distribution of current flow interruptions time intervals and determining adaption coefficient from frequency distribution
    DE102018213231A1|2020-02-13|Arc fault detection device and electrical switchgear
    DE102015226783A1|2017-06-29|Method and device for monitoring the function of a ground connection in a power supply system
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CN103842836B|2017-06-09|
    AT511790A3|2020-06-15|
    US20140198413A1|2014-07-17|
    EP2737330B1|2021-07-21|
    WO2013014249A1|2013-01-31|
    US9829530B2|2017-11-28|
    EP2737330A1|2014-06-04|
    CN103842836A|2014-06-04|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US6259996B1|1998-02-19|2001-07-10|Square D Company|Arc fault detection system|
    AU6036798A|1997-01-24|1998-08-26|Square D Company|Arcing fault detection system|
    US6477021B1|1998-02-19|2002-11-05|Square D Company|Blocking/inhibiting operation in an arc fault detection system|
    DE19758085A1|1997-12-30|1999-07-01|Hossein Prof Dr Ing Borsi|Digital generating of calibration pulses with superimposed current|
    US6300766B1|1998-07-24|2001-10-09|Eaton Corporation|Apparatus sensitive to arc amplitude for envelope detection of low current arcs|
    AUPQ260599A0|1999-09-02|1999-09-23|Transgrid|Partial discharge monitoring system for transformers|
    GB0000067D0|2000-01-06|2000-02-23|Delta Electrical Limited|Current detector and current measurement apparatus including such detector with temparature compensation|
    US6400258B1|2000-01-19|2002-06-04|Hendry Mechanical Works|Electric arc monitoring systems|
    GB0104763D0|2001-02-27|2001-04-18|Smiths Group Plc|Arc detection|
    US6525918B1|2001-09-11|2003-02-25|Ford Global Technologies, Inc.|Adaptive arc fault detection and smart fusing system|
    CH696646A5|2003-01-15|2007-08-31|Alstom Technology Ltd|A method for analyzing and / or monitoring the partial discharge behavior of an electrical apparatus.|
    US7307820B2|2004-06-21|2007-12-11|Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc.|Systems, methods, and device for arc fault detection|
    US7460346B2|2005-03-24|2008-12-02|Honeywell International Inc.|Arc fault detection and confirmation using voltage and current analysis|
    EP1909368B1|2006-10-06|2020-05-20|Schmidhauser AG|Switching assembly and method for insulation monitoring for converter applications|
    US20080157781A1|2006-12-27|2008-07-03|General Electric Company|Methods and systems for detecting series arcs in electrical systems|
    CN100575978C|2007-07-03|2009-12-30|西安交通大学|Generator local discharge on-line monitoring method based on the dual sensor directional couple|
    WO2009056903A1|2007-10-30|2009-05-07|Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.|Overcurent protection circuit, integrated circuit, apparatus and computer program product|
    US8179145B2|2008-01-24|2012-05-15|Siemens Industry, Inc.|Method and apparatus for testing AFCI device for series arc detection|
    CN101487877B|2009-02-25|2011-03-23|哈尔滨工业大学|Electric arc test method and apparatus for contact head disjunction of switch apparatus|
    DE102010002296A1|2010-02-24|2011-08-25|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft, 80333|Evaluation method for arc discharges and associated test bench|
    US8929036B2|2010-04-08|2015-01-06|Siemens Industry, Inc.|Arc fault circuit detection methods, systems, and apparatus including delay|
    CN101902030B|2010-07-14|2012-09-05|西安交通大学|Detecting and positioning device of arc fault of switch apparatus|
    US8649139B2|2010-08-23|2014-02-11|General Electric Company|Methods, systems, and apparatus for detecting arc flash events using current and voltage|
    US8547669B2|2011-01-12|2013-10-01|Schneider Electric USA, Inc.|Arc fault mitigation for photovoltaic systems|
    US20120275071A1|2011-04-28|2012-11-01|Texas Instruments Incorporated|Arc-fault detection|
    US8599523B1|2011-07-29|2013-12-03|Leviton Manufacturing Company, Inc.|Arc fault circuit interrupter|DE102014202533A1|2014-02-12|2015-08-13|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft|Test device and test method for a fire protection switch|
    DE102015200346B4|2015-01-13|2021-12-16|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft|Devices and methods for arc protection devices|
    US9837809B2|2015-05-27|2017-12-05|Korea Institute Of Energy Research|Arc detection apparatus, arc detecting method, and power system|
    US10438505B2|2015-08-12|2019-10-08|Illinois Tool Works|Welding training system interface|
    CN105093082A|2015-08-31|2015-11-25|上海正泰电源系统有限公司|DC fault arc detection method|
    DE102016121268A1|2016-11-07|2018-05-09|Eaton IndustriesGmbh|Test device for the functional test of protective switching devices|
    JP6895647B2|2017-02-14|2021-06-30|パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社|Arc detection circuit, switch system, power conditioner system and arc detection method|
    CN109270384B|2018-11-13|2019-06-11|中南民族大学|A kind of method and system of the electric arc of electrical equipment for identification|
    US11016133B2|2018-12-12|2021-05-25|Hamilton Sunstrand Corporation|Arc fault detection with sense wire monitoring|
    US11047899B2|2018-12-12|2021-06-29|Hamilton Sunstrand Corporation|High frequency arc fault detection|
    CN111917109B|2020-05-07|2022-03-08|宁波大学|Arc extinction and overvoltage protection method for intelligent switch|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA1094/2011A|AT511790A3|2011-07-26|2011-07-26|METHOD FOR ADAPTING AN ARC SENSOR|ATA1094/2011A| AT511790A3|2011-07-26|2011-07-26|METHOD FOR ADAPTING AN ARC SENSOR|
    CN201280046638.8A| CN103842836B|2011-07-26|2012-07-26|Method for being adapted to arc sensor|
    PCT/EP2012/064733| WO2013014249A1|2011-07-26|2012-07-26|Method for adapting an arc sensor|
    US14/234,667| US9829530B2|2011-07-26|2012-07-26|Method for adapting an arc sensor|
    EP12748177.8A| EP2737330B1|2011-07-26|2012-07-26|Method for adapting an arc sensor|
    [返回顶部]