• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a device (1) for snow quality measurement, comprising at least one meteorological measuring device (9) and / or a snow depth measuring device (10) and / or a snow lapping device (11) and / or a snow temperature measuring device (12) and / or a snow density measuring device (13) and / or a snow moisture measuring device (14), wherein a snow layer measuring device (15) is provided, with which a continuous snow layer profile can be detected.
    公开号:AT511770A1
    申请号:T1096/2011
    申请日:2011-07-27
    公开日:2013-02-15
    发明作者:Clemens Fischer；Reinhard Ing Luemen；Johann Tschuertz
    申请人:Set Software Engineering Tschuertz Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    t m • * 1 (/ * * • «« Φ * * * Φ * I ι t «• · * · · S15264
    Device for snow quality measurement
    The invention relates to a device for snow quality measurement with the features of the preamble of claim 1.
    Different devices for snow quality measurement are known from the prior art, which have hitherto been used mainly in meteorological measuring stations. With such devices, for example, the snow depth, the snow weight by means of a snow balance and the temperature of the snow surface by means of an infrared sensor and the water content of the snow cover measured. It is also known to use, for example, a laser pulse measuring device (LIDAR, abbreviated to Light Detection And Ranging) for a snow density measuring device.
    A disadvantage of the known from the prior art devices for snow quality measurement is that the most continuous detection of a snow strength profile or a snowpack layering is not provided. In the currently known snow layer measuring devices, the flow rate of the snow cover is not detected, which is another disadvantage of the prior art. The flow rate of the snowpack is one of the essential parameters for a Lawin close-knit route.
    It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a device for snow quality measurement, which avoids the described disadvantages of the prior art.
    This object is achieved in a device for snow quality measurement according to the preamble of claim 1 with the features of the characterizing part of claim 1.
    Advantageous embodiments and modifications of the invention are set forth in the subclaims and the description.
    Particularly advantageous is in a device according to the invention for snow quality measurement, comprising at least one meteorological
    Measuring device and / or a snow depth measuring device and / or a snow sweeper and / or a snow temperature measuring device and / or a snow density measuring device and / or a snowfall measuring device, a snow layer measuring device provided with a steady snow layer profile can be detected.
    A snow layer measuring device for detecting a continuous snow layer profile can be made according to different measuring principles. It is essential that a layer profile of a snowpack is taken up by a device according to the invention in each case continuously, ie continuously continuously over the height of the snowpack. Thus, all layer interfaces within the snowpack are detected.
    Furthermore, within the scope of the invention, a layer formation of a snowpack can be detected by means of a snow layer measuring device. For this purpose, the growth or the change in the snowpack structure is detected by the snow-layer measuring device at uniform time intervals and evaluated, for example, by a corresponding evaluation or detection unit.
    Meteorological measurement data that can be recorded by one or more meteorological measuring devices are, for example, wind speed, wind direction, air temperature, air pressure, air humidity, global radiation, snow cover radiation, snow surface temperature, snow depth and precipitation.
    Particularly useful in a device according to the invention, the snow layer measuring device at least one transducer comprising an ultrasonic transmitter / receiver on.
    Advantageously, in a device according to the invention, at least one transducer is provided, which is preferably arranged near the bottom of the device, and which has an upwardly directed sound emission direction.
    A transducer comprising an ultrasound transmitter / receiver is mounted at the bottom of the device oriented upwards and thus is located in the lowest snow layer of the snowpack. The transducer emits sound waves that are at least partially reflected in the lowest and all other layers of snow or at the layer interfaces between the individual layers of snow. The transducer is adjusted so that a radiation angle of the emitted sound waves hits the snow layer interfaces or the surface of the snow cover substantially normal. Thus, the radiation angle of the sound waves is further substantially normal to a terrain surface at the installation of the device or, normally on a base plate with which the device is mounted on a terrain floor.
    The principle of partial reflection of sound waves on layers or media of different density is used. The sound waves, which are partially reflected at the layer interfaces, are in each case returned to the ultrasound transmitter / receiver in a time-delayed manner. Thus, essentially the entire snowpack is sonicated by the ultrasound transmitter / receiver and the number and location of all snow layers within the snowpack is detected. When evaluating the recorded sound amplitudes as a function of time, individual amplitude signals can each be assigned to the layer interfaces between adjacent snow layers. Thus, the number, position and layer thickness of the snow layers within the snow cover can be determined.
    In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, a plurality of transducers are provided in one device, which are preferably arranged near the bottom of the device, wherein at least one transducer as an ultrasonic transmitter and at least one transducer are designed as ultrasonic receiver.
    In a further advantageous embodiment of the device according to the invention, the plurality of transducers each have upwardly directed, preferably inclined to each other Schallabstrahlrichtungen whose beam angle deviate from the normal to a base plate.
    In this embodiment, with an ultrasound measurement by means of a so-called multi-head measurement, the emission angles of the ultrasound transmitters / receivers respectively deviate from the normal to the baseplate of the device with which it is fastened on the correspondingly inclined terrain surface at the respective installation site. Thus, the emission angles further deviate from the normal to the snow layer interfaces or on the snow surface and are inclined to each other.
    At least one transducer is provided with an ultrasound transmitter, the angle in a beam angle, which differs slightly from the normal to the snow layer interfaces or on the terrain surface, sends ultrasonic waves upwards. The sound waves are reflected at the layer interfaces within the snow cover at least partially 4 * »* * * and meet at an angle of reflection, which also differs from the normal, on one or more transducers, which are arranged as ultrasound receiver near the ground.
    In one embodiment of the invention, in a device, the snow layer measuring device comprises a pulse reflectometry measuring device comprising at least one current-conducting pulse reflectometry measuring section.
    In this embodiment variant of a continuous snow layer measuring device, the measuring method of impulse reflectometry is used, which is a reflection measuring method which is particularly well suited for the broadband examination of, for example, lines, line terminations as well as components and networks. An electrical pulse with the shortest possible rise time is guided into a measurement object, for example a line with an unknown resistance. The pulse runs along the electrical conductor. At impurities along the conductor that cause discontinuities in the electrical impedance, the pulse is partially reflected or completely extinguished in the event of a short circuit. Reflections of the pulse can be detected and evaluated by a pulse reflectometry measuring device.
    In the context of the invention, a pulse reflectometry measuring device is used, which comprises at least one current-conducting pulse reflectometry measuring section. The at least one pulse reflectometry measuring section, since it is exposed to the weather and wind substantially perpendicularly inserted into the snow cover, designed particularly robust. Impurities along the pulse reflectometry measurement path, which each cause discontinuities in the electrical impedance of the conductor, are, for example, layer interfaces between adjacent layers of snow.
    Suitably, in a device according to the invention, the pulse reflectometry measuring path comprises at least two electrical conductor tracks, which are arranged substantially vertically and at a constant distance from each other.
    It is conceivable, for example, to use as impulse reflectometry measuring section two stable, electrically conductive metal rods, each with the same cross-section, which are connected at regular intervals with Abstandhaltem. The metal rods, which form two electrical conductor tracks, are thus arranged at a constant distance from one another and thus parallel to one another. The design of the cross-sectional profile of the tracks are no limits. For example, tracks forming 5 #% < 4 *
    Metal rods with circular, elliptical or square cross-sectional areas are used. It is important that the electrical conductors are provided to protect against short-circuit currents on their outer surfaces with an insulating layer, each having a uniform insulating layer thickness. The insulating layer used is, for example, a uniform lacquer layer or a layer of a heat-shrinkable tube made of plastic, which are applied to the outside of the metal bars.
    Advantageously, in a device according to the invention, the pulse reflectometry measuring path comprises at least one elongated carrier body, preferably made of plastic, which is provided with a watertight outer layer.
    In this embodiment of a pulse reflectometry measuring section, a carrier body is preferably used made of plastic, on whose outer sides two mutually uniformly spaced electrical conductor tracks are arranged. The arranged on the plastic interconnects are also sheathed with a waterproof insulating layer to protect against short-circuit currents. Such a waterproof outer layer is essential in a pulse reflectometry measuring section, which is inserted in the context of the invention in a snowpack.
    For the preparation of the carrier body, materials are preferred which have a poor thermal conductivity. During the winter months, the impulse reflectometry measuring section remains permanently inserted essentially vertically into the snowpack and is in direct contact with the surrounding snowpack. The carrier body should not heat up by the solar radiation in order to avoid a melting of the surrounding snow cover around the impulse reflectometry measuring section. The measurement of the snow layer profile is only meaningful if the impulse reflectometry measuring section is flush with the snow cover.
    Thus, plastic carrier bodies are preferred. The design of the cross-sectional profile of the carrier body can be designed, for example, circular, polygonal or drop-shaped. It is also conceivable within the scope of the invention to use a hollow plastic tube or a plastic tube filled internally with another material, for example a polyurethane foam, as the carrier body.
    In order to avoid vibrations of the free end of the impulse reflectometry measuring section projecting upwards over the snow surface of the snowpack, which are caused, for example, by strong wind, the free upper end of the carrier body is advantageously braced. For this purpose, the carrier body can be fixed, for example by means of tension cables on the device mast of the device according to the invention.
    In a further development of the invention, it is provided that in a device the snow layer measuring device has at least one radar transmitter / receiver.
    In this embodiment variant, one or more radar transmitters / receivers are used for detecting a continuous snow layer profile which functions in a similar manner to one or more ultrasound transmitters / receivers. Instead of ultrasonic waves radar waves are emitted by at least one radar transmitter, which are partially reflected at points of discontinuity in the snowpack, for example at layer interfaces between adjacent layers of snow, and detected by one or more Radarempfangem.
    It is also conceivable within the scope of the invention to use both ultrasound transmitters / receivers and radar transmitters / receivers for detecting a snow layer profile. Furthermore, in a device according to the invention, in addition to at least one snow layer measuring device, which has an ultrasonic transmitter / receiver and / or a radar ender / receiver, at least one pulse reflectometry measuring device can be provided as a snow layer measuring device.
    It is preferred to provide a device according to the invention further comprising at least one snow flow velocity measuring device, with which a steady snow flow velocity profile can be detected.
    Expediently, in a device according to the invention, the
    Snow flow rate measuring device at least one flow velocity measuring wheel, which has a, preferably odd, number of radially projecting flow velocity measuring pins, which project laterally from the device mast.
    According to a further feature of the invention, in an apparatus, each flow velocity measuring wheel is provided with an angle sensor which transmits a rotational movement of the flow rate measuring wheel into an electrical pulse.
    Advantageously, in a device according to the invention, a plurality of snow flow measuring devices are distributed at regular intervals over a mast height.
    Suitably, a device according to the invention is further provided with at least one snow contact pressure measuring device with which a snow cover pressure acting on the device mast can be detected.
    Advantageously, at least two or more snow pressure measuring devices, which each comprise pressure sensors, are arranged at defined, constant distances from each other along the device mast. Thus, a profile profile of the snow pressure over the height of the snow cover is detected.
    Appropriately, in a device within the scope of the invention, a measurement data processing device and / or a measurement data transmission device are provided.
    A measurement data processing device is used in particular for the acquisition and processing of all measurement data that is acquired by the different measuring devices of the device for measuring snow conditions.
    With a measurement data transmission device, the acquired measurement data is transmitted continuously or at specific time intervals, for example via a GSM modem by means of a mobile radio system to an evaluation point or archiving point.
    To obtain a compact device according to the invention, in a development of the invention, at least one energy supply device which can be supplied with energy by wind power and / or by direct conversion of light energy into electrical energy by means of solar cells and / or by a fuel cell is provided.
    In one embodiment of a power supply device which is operated by means of solar cells, for example, two or more photovoltaic panels are used. Preferably, the photovoltaic panels are attached to the device at a tilt angle so that snow may slip off the panels themselves. If necessary, an additional heating of the panels can be provided to ensure a secure defrost even in heavy snowfall. 8th
    • ι
    In one embodiment of a power supply device by means of wind power, for example, a wind generator is provided, which is provided on the device itself and in its vicinity.
    Furthermore, it is possible to operate the device according to the invention in a pure network operation or additionally to provide a power supply for supply by one of the above-mentioned power supply facilities.
    Appropriately, in a device according to the invention, the device mast can be fastened to a base plate with fastening anchors on a terrain floor.
    In addition to attaching the device mast to a baseplate by means of mounting anchors, it may be necessary to provide additional attachment points to the device mast. Thus, it may be necessary, for example, when installing a device according to the invention in high alpine, steep terrain, the device mast in addition by means of guy ropes, which in turn are secured with fastening anchors in the area to secure. Thus, it is particularly easy, even in a steep terrain section, preferably to position the device mast in each case normal to the terrain surface of the installation site.
    Advantageously, in a device according to the invention, the device mast has a substantially triangular cross-sectional profile. Preferably, the cross-sectional profile corresponds to an isosceles triangle, wherein a mountain-side leading edge between the two legs of the isosceles triangle is arranged. The two legs thus form in cross section in each case the longer side surface edges of the V orrichtungsmastes.
    The device mast is preferably positioned normal to the terrain surface of the respective installation location so that a longitudinal edge of the device mast is oriented uphill. Downhill sliding snow thus slides laterally along the two side surfaces of the device mast past this. The resistance force of the sliding snow acting on the device mast is thus minimal.
    Further details, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of an embodiment schematically illustrated in the drawings. In the drawings: FIG. 1 is an isometric view obliquely from above of an apparatus according to the invention for snow quality measurement; FIG. 2 is an isometric view obliquely from above of a device according to the invention which is partially covered by a layer of snow; FIG. 3 is an isometric view from the side of a snow flow rate measuring device as a detail of a device according to the invention; FIG. 4 is an isometric view of a device according to the invention, showing a plurality of snow flow velocity measuring devices, each protruding on the outside of the device; FIG. FIG. 5 shows, in a view comparable to FIG. 4, the device with the maintenance covers removed; FIG. FIGS. 6 to 8 are sectional views of the course of sound waves during a measurement of superimposed layers of snow by means of an ultrasonic transmitter / receiver; 9 shows in diagram form a signal image of an ultrasonic transmitter / receiver during a measurement of superimposed layers of snow; 10 is a sectional view of a further measuring arrangement of a measurement of superimposed layers of snow by means of a plurality of ultrasonic transmitters / receivers; 11 is a block diagram of an arrangement for layer measurement of superimposed layers of snow by means of an ultrasonic transmitter / receiver; 12 is a block diagram of an arrangement for layer measurement of superimposed layers of snow by means of a plurality of ultrasonic transmitters / receivers; 13 is a block diagram of an arrangement for layer measurement of superimposed layers of snow by means of a pulse reflectometry-Messeinri rect;
    Fig. 14 in an isometric view obliquely from above a pulse sreflektometrie measuring section.
    1 shows an illustration of an exemplary embodiment of a device 1 according to the invention for snow quality measurement. A base plate 2 of the device 1 is fixed to the underside of a device mast 3. The device mast 3 is provided with a plurality of maintenance covers 3.1 and with recesses 3.2, which are arranged on its side surfaces. The device mast 3 has a substantially triangular cross-sectional profile 4 in the form of an isosceles triangle. In order to ensure a secure attachment of the elongate mast 3, which has a mast height 5, a plurality of through holes for receiving mounting anchors 6 are provided on the base plate 2. The fastening anchors 6 are drilled, for example, in a solid substrate, not shown here, or hammered into it, or by means of a binder, for example by means of concrete, into a solid substrate, not shown here , poured into a solid surface. To secure the device mast 3 tensioning cables 7 are further provided, each one Spannseilende is attached to the upper end of the device mast 3 and the other, free tensioning cable end can be fastened by means of further fastening anchors 6 in a solid surface.
    In such a way secured by tensioning cables 7 secured, it is possible to attach the device mast 3 in a rough, for example, steep, high alpine, terrain substantially normal to the respective terrain surface of the installation. The device mast 3 is usually mounted in the field so that the two legs of the triangular cross-sectional profile 4 form the upwardly oriented, longer side surface edges and the device mast 3 is thus oriented upwards comparable to an arrow shape with its located between the two triangular legs leading edge 3.3. Thus, the leading edge 3.3 of the device mast 3 advantageously provides a minimal attack surface for a downhill slipping snow cover.
    At the upper end of the device mast 3, which usually protrudes from a snow cover, not shown here, over a snow surface, an enclosure 8 is provided here. The housing 8 is used to hold measuring instruments that record data from meteorological measuring devices 9, such as wind speed, wind direction, air temperature, air pressure, air humidity, global radiation, snow cover radiation, snow surface temperature, snow depth or precipitation. The meteorological measuring devices 9 and a snow depth measuring device 10 are attached to brackets on the top of the device mast 3 and thus protrude beyond the snow cover anyway.
    In a lower mast section, a snow sweeper 11 is provided. Several snow temperature measuring devices 12 are arranged along the front edge 3.3 of the device mast 3 and make it possible to record a temperature profile over the snow depth profile. Likewise, in this embodiment shown in Fig. 1, a snowfall measuring device 14 is provided. The device 1 according to the invention is further equipped with a snow layer measuring device 15 for detecting a continuous snow layer profile. For this purpose, a transducer 16 with an ultrasonic transmitter Z-receiver 17 is provided on a holder near the bottom of the device mast 3. The ultrasound transmitter 17 is positioned so that ultrasound signals in a sound emission direction 18 are emitted substantially normal to the baseplate 2 and thus normal to the respective surface of the terrain upwards. The ultrasonic signals thus hit normal from below on snow layer interfaces of a snowpack. A Schallabstrahlwinkel 19, which is measured between the Schallabstrahlrichtung 18 and the plane of the base plate 2, is substantially 90 °.
    The ultrasound receiver 17 further serves to detect reflected ultrasound signals which are reflected in a sound reflection direction 20 and redirected to the ultrasound receiver 17. The functional principle of a continuous snow layer profile measurement by means of ultrasound is illustrated in the following figures FIG. 6 to FIG. 10.
    FIG. 2 illustrates another embodiment of a snow quality measuring device 1 according to the invention, which is equipped with a radar transmitter Z receiver 22 instead of a transducer with an ultrasonic transmitter Z receiver. This radar transmitter Z receiver 22, which acts similarly to an ultrasonic transmitter Z receiver and emits radar waves, is arranged near the bottom of the device mast 3 and transmits radar waves substantially perpendicular to the terrain surface of a terrain floor 23 and thus perpendicular to individual snow layers of a snow cover 24. The device 1 is fixed in Fig. 2 on solid ground floor 23, for example, a sloping mountainside stationary. The snow cover 24 with a snow surface 25, which is shown in a sectional view, thereby covers the lower part of the device mast third
    FIG. 3 shows, in an isometric view from the side, a snow flow velocity measuring device 21 as a detail of a device 1 according to the invention. Such snow flow velocity measuring devices 21 are installed in the interior of the device mast 3 at regular intervals and serve to continuously record a snow flow velocity profile. Each snow flow velocity measuring device 21 comprises at least one flow velocity measuring wheel 26 which has an odd number of radially extending flow velocity measuring pins 27.
    As illustrated in Figures 4 and 5, the flow rate sensing pins 27 are dimensioned to protrude through the lateral recesses 3.2 of the device mast. By sliding laterally on the two side edges of the device mast 3 along snow, the flow velocity measuring wheels 26 are moved or rotated. Each flow velocity measuring wheel 26 is provided for this purpose with an angle-generating device 28 which transmits a rotational movement of the flow-rate measuring wheel 26 into an electrical impulse. Each snow flow velocity measuring device 21 is here further provided with a snow temperature measuring device 12, which comprises a temperature sensor which is arranged in the interior of the device mast 3, that the tip of the temperature sensor at the front edge 3.3 of the mast protrudes outwards into the snow cover.
    In Fig. 5, the device mast 3 is shown in contrast to Fig. 4 with removed maintenance covers 3.1. The maintenance covers 3.1 are arranged on the side opposite the front edge 3.3 of the device mast 3, which corresponds to the shorter side surface edge of the triangular cross-sectional profile 4.
    FIGS. 6 to 8 serve to illustrate the measuring principle of a continuous snow layer profile measurement by means of an ultrasound transmitter / receiver 17. The transducer 16 of the ultrasound transmitter / receiver 17 is arranged close to the ground, wherein the sound radiation direction 18 is substantially normal to the terrain surface sketched horizontally here of the ground floor 23 is oriented upward. The sound radiation angle 19 is in each case normal to the terrain surface or normal to the plane of the base plate 2, an ultrasonic signal which is radiated upward in Schallabstrahlrichtung 18 is reflected at a first snow layer boundary S1 between a lower layer of snow 30 and an overlying, middle layer of snow 31 partially and returns in the sound reflection direction 20 back to the ultrasound transmitter / receiver 17th
    FIG. 7 schematically illustrates an ultrasound signal emitted in the direction of sound emission 18, as it encounters, within the snowpack 24, a further, second snow layer boundary S2 that occurs between a central snow layer 31 and an upper snow layer 32. At this snow layer boundary S2 between the middle snow layer 31 and the upper snow layer 32, the ultrasound signal is again partially reflected due to density differences between the two snow layers 31 and 32 and hits the ultrasound transmitter / receiver 17 again in the sound reflection direction 20.
    The same applies to FIG. 8 with the ultrasonic signal which is totally reflected at the snow layer boundary S3 between the upper snow layer 32 and the snow surface 25, ie at the interface between the snow surface 25 and an overlying ambient air in the sound reflection direction 20 and back to the Ultrasound transmitter / receiver 17 passes. 13 9 0 * ♦ • *
    9 shows a diagram of a signal image of an ultrasonic transmitter / receiver 17 during a measurement of superposed snow layers 30, 31, 32. An abscissa axis is plotted with a time t, for example with the unit s, which emits the signal emitted by the ultrasound transmitter / receiver 17 Sound signal needed to be reflected at a snow layer boundary Sl, S2 and S3, and in turn received by the ultrasonic transmitter / receiver 17. In each case a signal amplitude A is plotted on an ordinate axis with the unit mV. The signal amplitudes A as a function of the time t can be converted into a snow depth H - for example with the unit m - of the snow cover 24 or into the layer heights Hl, H2, H3 of the snow layers 30, 31, 32.
    10 shows a functional principle of the continuous snow layer profile measurement for a further embodiment variant of a device 1 according to the invention. Here, a plurality of transducers 16, 16. 1, 16. 2, 16. 3 are arranged near the bottom of the device 1. At least one transducer 16 in this case comprises an ultrasound transmitter 17. All transducers 16, 16.1, 16.2, 16.3 are designed as ultrasound receivers 17,17.1, 17.2, 17.3. The transducers 16, 16.1, 16.2, 16.3 are positioned so that they each have upwardly directed and mutually inclined Schallabstrahlrichtungen 18,18.1,18.2,18.3. The emission angles 19, 19.1, 19.2, 19.3 of the sound emission directions 18, 18.1, 18.2, 18.3 in each case deviate from the normal to the terrain surface or from the normal to the snow layers 30, 31, 32. An ultrasound signal emitted obliquely upward from the ultrasound transmitter 17 in the sound emission direction 18 is reflected at a first snow layer boundary S1 between the lower layer of snow 30 and an overlying layer of snow 31 in the direction of the arrow 20 and received by the ultrasound receivers 17, 17.1, 17.2, 17.3.
    11 shows in a block diagram an arrangement 100 for layer measurement of superimposed layers of snow by means of an ultrasonic transmitter / receiver.
    From a measured data processing device 33, a start signal 101 is sent to a signal generator 102. The signal generator 102 then sends a drive signal 103 to an ultrasound transmitter / receiver 17 whose transmitter part emits a soundwave signal 104 within a snowpack. The sound wave signal 104 is partially reflected at a snow layer interface S1 and in turn received by the receiver part of the ultrasonic transmitter / receiver 17 as a reflection signal 105. From the ultrasonic transmitter / receiver 17, the received signal is then as electrical
    Sound signal 106 is passed to an analog / digital converter 39, from which the digitized sound signal 107 passes back to the measurement data processing device 33 for further processing. From the measured data processing device 33, data transmission signals 108 are routed to a measured data transmission device 34 and transmitted by the latter, for example via radio, to an evaluation point. Furthermore, a power supply device 35, which is equipped with solar panels, for example, is provided for operating the measurement data acquisition and processing. From the signal generator 102, a timer signal 109 is sent to a timer 110 for time recording, of which optionally a read-out signal 112 to the
    Measuring data processing device 33 passes or vice versa, a reset signal 111 from the measurement data processing device 33 goes to the timer 110.
    Fig. 12 shows in a block diagram an arrangement 200 for layer measurement of superimposed layers of snow with a multi-head system comprising a plurality of ultrasonic transmitters / receivers, wherein an ultrasonic transmitter / receiver 17 is operated as a transmitter part, from which a sound wave signal 204 within the snow and sent to a Snow layer interface S1 is partially reflected. The reflection signal 205 is received by another ultrasonic transmitter / receiver 17.1, which is operated as a receiver part, and further processed analogously to the sequence previously described in FIG. 11.
    13 shows a schematic representation as a block diagram of a pulse reflectometry measuring device 36. The dotted line symbolizes a pulse reflectometry measuring device 37, which as essential components a pulse generator 38, an analog / digital converter 39 and a signal display device 40, for example an oscilloscope, includes. The pulse reflectometry measuring device 37 is conductively connected to a pulse reflectometry measurement path 41.
    14 relates to an embodiment according to the invention of a pulse reflectometry measuring section 41. This comprises a carrier body 42, which is designed here as a hollow plastic tube. Thus, the lowest possible heat transfer is achieved with the carrier body 42 and the carrier body 42, which is inserted substantially vertically into a snow cover 25, does not lead to the defrosting of the surrounding snow. On the outside of the elongated carrier body 42, two electrical conductor tracks 43 are arranged at a constant distance 44 parallel to one another. The width 45 of the two tracks 43 is the same size. The conductor tracks 43 and the carrier body 42 are protected against the action of moisture with a thin, watertight and insulating outer layer 46. By 15 · the outer layer 46 and short-circuit currents between the two adjacent tracks 43 are prevented. As outer layer 46, for example, a shrink tube is used here. Likewise, it is conceivable to provide as the outer layer 46, for example, a coating layer or a plastic coating.
    Furthermore, it is conceivable to use other embodiments of a pulse reflectometry measuring section 41, which are not explicitly shown in the figures. For example, it is possible within the scope of the invention to connect two metal rods as interconnects with Distanzhaltem at a constant distance from each other and use them as pulse reflectometry measurement section 41.
    List of position numbers: 1 Snow measuring device 2 Machine base 3 Device mast 3.1 Service mast maintenance cover 3.2 Machine mast opening 3.3 Front mast mast 4 Cross-sectional profile of the mast (triangular) 5 Mast height 6 Fixing anchor 7 Tensioning rope 8 Housing 9 Meteorological measuring device 10 Snow depth Measuring device 11 Snow-weighing device 12 Snow-temperature measuring device 13 Snow-density measuring device 14 Snow-light measuring device 15 Snow-layer measuring device 16 Transducer 17 Ultrasonic transmitter / receiver 17.1 Ultrasonic receiver (or 17.2; 17.3) 18 Sound radiation direction (in direction of arrow or 18.1; 18.2; 18.3) 19 Sound emission angle (or 19.1; 19.2; 19.3) 20 Sound reflection direction (in the direction of the arrow or 20.1; 20.2; 20.3) 21 Snow-speed measuring device 22 Radar transmitter / receiver 23 Ground level 24 Snowpack 25 Snow surface 26 F speed measuring wheel 27 Flow velocity measuring pin 28 Angle indicating device 29 Snow pressure measuring device 30 Snow layer (resp. 31; 32) 17 * * * * * *
    List of position numbers (cont.): 33 Measurement data processing device 34 Measurement data transmission device 35 Energy supply device 3 6 Pulse reflectometry measuring device 37 Pulse reflectometry measuring device 38 Pulse generator 39 Analog / digital converter 40 Signal display device (oscilloscope) 41 Pulse reflectometry measuring path 42 Carrier body 43 Conductor track 44 Distance between tracks 45 Width of one Circuit 46 Outer layer 100 Block flow pattern Ultrasound with one transducer 200 Block flow pattern Ultrasound with several transducers 101 Start signal (or 201) 102 Signal generator (or 202) 103 Control signal (or 203) 104 Sound wave signal (or 204) 105 Reflection signal ( or 205) 106 electrical sound signal (or 206) 107 digitized sound signal (or 207) 108 data transmission signal (or 208) 109 timer signal (or 209) 110 timer (or 210) 111 reset signal (or 211) 112 readout signal (or 212) A Amplitude (in mV) H Snow depth (in m )
    Hl Snow depth of the snow layer (in m) (or H2; H3) S1 Snow layer boundary (or S2; S3) t Time (in s)
    权利要求:
    Claims (18)
    [1]
    Claims 1. A device (1) for snow quality measurement, comprising at least one meteorological measuring device (9) and / or a snow height measuring device (10) and / or a snow lapping device (11) and / or a snow temperature measuring device (12) and / or a snow density measuring device (13) and / or a snow moisture measuring device (14), characterized by a snow layer measuring device (15) with which a continuous snow layer profile can be detected,
    [2]
    2. Device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the snow layer measuring device (15) has at least one transducer (16) comprising an ultrasonic transmitter / receiver (17).
    [3]
    3. Device (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that at least one transducer (16), which is preferably arranged near the bottom of the device (1), has an upwardly directed Schallabstrahlrichtung (18).
    [4]
    4. Device (1) according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that a plurality of transducers (16; 16.1; 16.2; 16.3) are provided, which are preferably arranged near the bottom of the device (1), wherein at least one transducer (16) as Ultrasound transmitter (17) and at least one transducer (16.1; 16.2; 16.3) are designed as ultrasonic receivers (17.1; 17.2; 17.3).
    [5]
    5. Device (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the plurality of transducers (16; 16.1; 16.2; 16.3) each have upwardly directed, preferably mutually inclined Schallabstrahlrichtungen (18; 18.1; 18.2; 18.3) whose beam angle (19 ; 19.1; 19.2; 19.3) deviate from the normal to a base plate (2).
    [6]
    6. Device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the snow layer measuring device (15) comprises a pulse reflectometry measuring device (36) comprising at least one current-conducting pulse reflectometry measuring section (41). 19 ** ♦ * * * «· • *
    [7]
    7. Device (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that the pulse reflectometry measuring path (41) comprises at least two electrical conductor tracks (43), which are arranged substantially perpendicular to each other and at a constant distance (44).
    [8]
    8. Device (1) according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the pulse reflectometry measuring section (41) at least one elongated carrier body (42), preferably made of plastic, which is provided with a waterproof outer layer (46).
    [9]
    9. Device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the snow layer measuring device (15) has at least one radar transmitter / receiver (22).
    [10]
    10. Device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising at least one snow flow velocity measuring device (21), with a steady snow flow velocity profile can be detected.
    [11]
    Device (1) according to claim 10, characterized in that the snow flow velocity measuring device (21) comprises at least one flow velocity measuring wheel (26) comprising a, preferably odd, number of radially projecting flow velocity measuring pins (27) which laterally from the device mast (3 ) protrude.
    [12]
    12. Device (1) according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that each flow velocity measuring wheel (26) is provided with an angle encoder (28) which transmits a rotational movement of the flow velocity measuring wheel (26) in an electrical pulse.
    [13]
    13. Device (1) according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that a plurality of snow flow velocity measuring means (21) are arranged distributed at regular intervals over a mast height (5).
    [14]
    14. Device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 13, further comprising at least one snow contact pressure measuring device (29), with a on the mast (3) acting snow cover pressure can be detected. 20




    [15]
    15. Device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that a measured data processing device (33) and / or a measured data transmission device (34) are provided.
    [16]
    16. Device (1) according to one of claims I to 15, characterized in that at least one energy supply device (35), which can be supplied by wind power and / or by direct conversion of light energy into electrical energy by means of solar cells and / or by a fuel cell with energy is, is provided.
    [17]
    17. Device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the device mast (3) on a base plate (2) with fastening anchors (6) on a terrain floor (23) can be fastened.
    [18]
    18. Device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the device mast (3) has a substantially triangular cross-sectional profile, preferably a cross-sectional profile of an isosceles triangle, wherein a mountain-side leading edge (3.3) between the two legs of the isosceles triangle is arranged.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    AT511770B1|2015-03-15|
    EP2551668A2|2013-01-30|
    EP2551668A3|2017-07-05|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    EP0160195A2|1984-05-02|1985-11-06|SKIDATA COMPUTER GESELLSCHAFT m.b.H.|Device for controlling the movements of a levelling blade of a ski track grooming vehicle|
    US6957593B1|2001-12-31|2005-10-25|Burns Ian F|Devices, systems, and methods for analyzing snow stability|
    WO2007066360A1|2005-12-06|2007-06-14|Giuseppe Floris|Device for detecting the characteristics of ice-snow-hoar frost|
    DE102009039716B3|2009-08-28|2011-01-20|Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg|Measurement method for the nondestructive analysis of a snow coating and measuring device for carrying out the measuring method|
    US20070090992A1|2005-10-21|2007-04-26|Olov Edvardsson|Radar level gauge system and transmission line probe for use in such a system|CH711688A1|2015-10-27|2017-04-28|Celio Eng Sa|Method and apparatus for determining the characteristics of snow layers.|
    IT201900003391A1|2019-03-08|2020-09-08|Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn|Device for the detection of temperature profiles, and relative monitoring system|
    法律状态:
    2019-03-15| MM01| Lapse because of not paying annual fees|Effective date: 20180727 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA1096/2011A|AT511770B1|2011-07-27|2011-07-27|DEVICE FOR SNOW-MEASUREMENT MEASUREMENT|ATA1096/2011A| AT511770B1|2011-07-27|2011-07-27|DEVICE FOR SNOW-MEASUREMENT MEASUREMENT|
    EP12178102.5A| EP2551668A3|2011-07-27|2012-07-26|Apapratus for snow composition measurement|
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