• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a method for determining a replacement distance when aiming a target (2) with a target distance D (6) and an elevation angle a (5) between a line of sight (4) to the target (2) and a horizontal plane (3) with a weapon (9) for firing projectiles with an approximately stretched trajectory. The substitute distance is determined by means of a correction function from the target distance D (6), the correction function being determined exclusively from non-ballistic characteristics and at least depending on the target distance D (6) and the angular difference between the elevation angle a (5) and the angle of incidence.
    公开号:AT511318A1
    申请号:T490/2011
    申请日:2011-04-06
    公开日:2012-10-15
    发明作者:Konrad A Roider；Andreas Dr Zimmermann
    申请人:Swarovski Optik Kg；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    14:58:53 06-04-2011 5/31 25 »» * * * * t · »» * «* ·· * ·· * · * 4 · I« * · I < »« «« »« I · t -1 -
    The invention relates to a method and a device for determining a replacement distance to be considered instead of the target distance for sighting a target with a target device of a firearm according to the preambles of claims 1, 2, 3, 17, 23 and 27.
    Targeting devices, in particular riflescopes, are usually mounted on the weapon and shot in conjunction with this. Weapons are to be understood as weapons which fire a projectile under an extended or slightly curved trajectory directly onto a target. This shooting takes place at a fixed firing range of, for example, 100 m with a horizontally oriented sighting line at a target and using an ammunition typical for the weapon (laboratory). To compensate for the projectile drop in its trajectory between the firearm and the target, the barrel axis of the firearm is tilted by an attachment angle relative to the sighting line of the target. When firing the firearm, this attachment angle is adjusted so that the actual impact point of the projectile with the desired impact point, means the intended goal coincides. In the case of a real shot in practical application, deviations from these shooting conditions must be taken into account. Influencing factors that cause a change in the ballistics, for example, air pressure and temperature, the initial speed and the coefficient of resistance or ballistic coefficient of the projectile, lateral tilting of the firearm or an angle shot up or down.
    The deviation in an angular shot is due to the changed direction of the projectile movement relative to the direction of the force acting on the projectile gravity. A comparison of the projectile trajectory at the angle shot with the projectile trajectory in a horizontal shot shows that the projectile trajectory is somewhat flatter with an angle shot relative to the sight line. If the line of sight or the stopping point remained on the target as in a horizontal shot, it would become a so-called high shot N2010 / 25600 I Λ Λ -4 1 r > λ M .. nn η h r > 25 14:59:32 06-04-2011 6/31
    • · * I -2 come. Such can be prevented by reducing the departure angle (increase), that is, the angle between the travel axis and a horizontal plane. This can be done either by reducing the attachment angle (visor angle) or the elevation angle (terrain angle). This correction of the value of the departure angle at which the destination device relative to the destination or the correction with which the sighting line is aligned with the destination is equivalent to the consideration of a substitute distance which is used instead of the actual target distance for the sighting of the destination.
    This can also be expressed by the concept of the equivalent horizontal distance E. This is important, for example, when using a so-called ballistic reticle (reticule), wherein in the reticle different vertical markings are provided, which correspond to different Fleckschussentfemungen. If now the aiming device is set at an angle shot, as if the target would not be in the actual distance D but in a common horizontal plane with the firearm below a target distance with a distance corresponding to the equivalent horizontal distance, now also a spot shot is guaranteed , Another way of taking into account the necessary correction of the orientation of the firearm or sighting device for sighting the target is to adjust the reticle (height) of the height according to the equivalent horizontal distance over the height tower of the target device. On the other hand, modern aiming devices are known which have integrated ballistic calculators and display necessary corrections either numerically or in the form of variable breakpoints.
    Common to all these possibilities is the need, by any method, to determine, as accurately as possible, the degree of correction required in an angle shot. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method and a device, with the / in the execution of an angle shot with a firearm in a simplified manner, a high accuracy can be achieved.
    For a better understanding of the invention, this will be explained in more detail with reference to the following figures.
    Each shows in a highly schematically simplified representation:
    1 shows a relative spatial arrangement with an angle shot of a protected on a target arranged in an elevated position. AMäAnn λπ i r λ f r r > + 4 η r, λ Ί kl - noi pnnR / mi 25 15:00:15 06-04-2011 7/31 Φ Φ »· · · ·« 4 · Φ · ΦΙ «« · · Φ | Φ («« · · «« φ «« φ * φ · φ -3-
    FIG. 2 shows a comparison of the trajectories of a projectile when sighting the target in an angular shot and in a horizontal shot; FIG.
    FIG. 3 shows an image when looking through a target device when aiming the target according to FIG. 2; FIG.
    4 shows a device for determining the equivalent horizontal distance E with the view through a target device according to FIG. 3;
    Fig. 5 is a flowchart of the method steps of the method for determining the equivalent horizontal distance E;
    FIG. 6 shows the sighting of a target with the aiming device of a firearm; FIG.
    Fig. 7, the sighting of the target of FIG. 6, taking into account the correction according to the invention.
    By way of introduction, it should be noted that in the differently described embodiments, the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals or the same component names, wherein the disclosures contained in the entire description can be mutatis mutandis to the same parts with the same reference numerals or component names. Also, the location information chosen in the description, such as top, bottom, side, etc. related to the immediately described and illustrated figure and are to be transferred to the new situation mutatis mutandis when a change in position. Furthermore, individual features or combinations of features from the different exemplary embodiments shown and described can also represent independent, inventive or inventive solutions. All statements on ranges of values in the description of the present invention should be understood to include any and all sub-ranges thereof, e.g. the indication 1 to 10 should be understood to include all sub-ranges, starting from the lower limit 1 and the upper limit 10, i. all subregions begin with a lower limit of 1 or greater and end at an upper limit of 10 or less, e.g. 1 to 1.7, or 3.2 to 8.1 or 5.5 to 10.
    FIG. 1 shows the relative spatial arrangement with an angle shot upwards from a guard 1 to a target 2. The target 2 is located in a raised position relative to a horizontal plane 3 assigned to the shooter 1. A line of sight 4
    M "Λπίηηοηιΐ ιε" γμ Ο Ο Ο 1 nn7 / fm D 25 15:00:55 06-04-2011 B / 31 -4-resp. Sight line between the shooter 1 and the target 2 thus includes with the horizontal plane 3 a so-called elevation angle {terrain angle) α 5. By the length of the line 4 and the distance between the shooter 1 and the target 2, a target distance D 6 is further defined. When aiming the target 2 with a firearm Θ (Fig. 2), the shooter 1 must now also take into account the elevation angle α 5 in addition to the target distance D 6. However, this is not sufficiently fulfilled by the fact that the shooter only pivots the firearm upward by the elevation angle α 5 and brings a target mark (FIG. 3) into line with the target 2, which corresponds precisely to the value of the target distance D 6 Hs must also be considered also a correction, which has its cause that a trajectory 7 of a projectile at an angle shot relative to the sight line is less curved than in a horizontal shot.
    FIG. 2 shows the trajectory 7 of a projectile when aiming the target 2 with an aiming device 8 of a firearm 9 at an angle upwards at the elevation angle α 5. In order to illustrate the influence of the elevation angle α 5 on the trajectory 7, FIG also a horizontal shot is shown on a target 2 '. It should be assumed for the sake of simplicity that the value of the target distance D 6 to the target 2 'or to the target 2 is equal to the Einschießdistanz the firearm. 9
    A barrel axis 1Π Her firearm 9 is arranged to pivot about an attachment angle 11 relative to the animal line or sight 4 of the sighting device 8. This attachment angle 11 is adjusted when the firearm 9 is fired so that the trajectory 7 'of the projectile intersects the horizontal plane 3 in the insertion distance , Thus, it is just the Einschießbedingung met that the actual point of impact of the projectile coincides with the desired impact point of the arranged in the Einschießdistanz target 2 '.
    The firing of the firearm 9 takes place in a customary manner in that a series of shots is carried out on a target Z located in the shooting distance.
    That is, the distance between the location of the shooter 1 and the mouth of the firearm 9 and the target Z is selected equal to the Einschießdistanz, which also the mouth of the firearm 9 and the target Z are in the common horizontal plane 3. If, after a shot at the target Z, a deviation of the impact point of the projectile from the target Z is detected, then a change in the relative position between the line of sight 4 and the barrel axis 10 of the firearm 9 voige- MTflinounn ΛΛ tr, Λ / ΠΛΧ-1 1 ΊΓ.ΛΟ kl ^ DO Ö 1 p nna / rrn 15:01:39 06-04-2011 9/31 25 • · -5 -take, with which it is to be achieved that the impact point of the projectile when executing another shot closer to the goal Z comes to rest. Such a change in the relative position of the line of sight 4 relative to the barrel axis 10 of the weapon d is usually carried out by making an adjustment to an elevation tower 16 of the sighting device 8 or a telescopic sight through which the course of the line of sight 4 through the visual beam path Target device 8 is changed through. By such a change, both deviations of the impact point of the projectile from the target Z in the horizontal and in the vertical direction can be compensated. To reduce a deviation in the vertical direction, the attachment angle 11 is changed in such a setting on the height tower 16. To shoot the firearm 9, the sequence of test shots and readjustments of the relative position of the line of sight 4 relative to the barrel axis 10 of the weapon 9 is continued until a sufficiently high accuracy is achieved.
    In accordance with a generalized procedure, the firing of the firearm 9 takes place at a predetermined angle with respect to the horizontal plane 3 at an angle of incidence. This can be favorable for a firearm 9, which is regularly fired, for example, from a high seat over an otherwise level, horizontal terrain. For such an application, the firing of the firearm 9 at a preselected shoot-in angle may be done with a negative value. This is done in turn by the fact that with the firearm 9 a sequence of test shots and new settings of the Reiativstellung the line of sight 4 is continued relative to the barrel axis 10 of the weapon 9 until a sufficiently high accuracy is achieved.
    If the firearm 9 is now aimed at the upper plane 2 of the horizontal plane 3 and the sighting line 4 of the targeting device 8 is aligned with the target 2, then a change in the trajectory of a projectile fired with the firearm 9 must be taken into account the trajectory 7 of the projectile now runs somewhat flatter relative to the line of sight, ie has a smaller curvature than in the case of the horizontal shot with the trajectory 7 '. The target 2 is thus missed by the trajectory 7 above. This error can be corrected by pivoting the firearm 9 somewhat towards the horizon plane 3 so that the original line of sight 4 is aligned with a point below the target 2 and the line of sight 4 subtends an angle with the horizontal plane 3 is smaller than the value of the elevation angle α 5. Such a correction will be illustrated with reference to FIG. 3 described below. Ν Ηιιν Μ) ηη i η. λ mm 1 1 c Π O M >. DO Q 1 ό nno / rm 25 15:02:24 06-04-2011 10/31 -6-l In the case of using a firearm Θ shot at an insertion angle inclined to the horizontal plane 3, anstelle is substituted for this correction of the elevation angle α 5 to take into account the angular difference between the elevation angle α 5 and the Einschießwinkel.
    FIG. 3 shows an image when looking through the aiming device 8 when aiming the target 2 according to FIG. 2.
    In this embodiment, the aiming device 8 has a target mark arrangement with a crosshair 12 and additional target marks 13, 14 and 15. The arrangement of the image of the target 2 relative to the reticle 12 and the Zielmaiken 13,14,15 corresponds to that situation in which the above-described correction is already taken into account The line of sight 4 of the target device 8 - it corresponds to the crossing point of the crosshairs 12 - is on one point below target 2. Accordingly, the image of the target 2 appears above the reticle 12 - in this case, coincident with the target 13.
    On the other hand, the image according to FIG. 3 can also be interpreted in connection with the execution of a horizontal shot in which the target 2 with the firearm 9 is located in the same horizontal plane 3. As shown, the target mark 13 arranged above the crosshair 12 is aligned with the target 12 , this can only be hit by the projectile if its distance from the firearm 9 is smaller than the Einschießdistanz (corresponding to reticle 12). For horizontal shots, the target mark 13, the crosshair 12, the target mark 14 and the ziol mark 15 can thus be assigned different values of the target distance D 5. Namely, the values of the target distance D 6 are increasing in the same order (target 13, reticle 12, target 14 and Zrelmarite 15). This could be done, for example, as part of a calibration of the target mark arrangement with corresponding target distances D 6.
    The values of the target distance D 6 for horizontal shots assigned to the target marks 13, 14, 15 and the crosshair 12 are now also important for angle shots under a height angle α 5 in which they are referred to as the so-called equivalent horizontal distance E for taking into account the above-described correction of the orientation the firearm 9 or the line of sight 4 of the target device 8 are used on the target 2. In this way, instead of the value of the actual target distance D 6, the shooter 1 uses a sighting distance for sighting. ΟΟΰ Λ ΛΡ / ΛΑ / θηΐ1 1Ε.ΛΟ 25 15:03:07 06-04-2011 11/31
    -7- * * * • · «* · ·
    It is now crucial to be able to quantify the required correction. For this purpose, a rule of thumb known as "Rifleman's Rule" has long been known according to which the target distance D 6 is to be multiplied by the cosine of the elevation angle α 5 in order to obtain the value of the equivalent horizontal distance E. E = D x cos (a) Eq. 1
    If the target device 6 is now set at an angle shot at an elevation angle α 5 as if the target 2 were located in the same horizontal plane 3 as the firearm 9 and at the equivalent horizontal distance E, then the meeting of the target 2 (a Spot shot).
    However, the calculation of the equivalent horizontal distance E according to the Rifleman's Rule according to Equation 1 given above is only an approximation that gives sufficiently accurate results only at relatively short target distances D 6 and small widths of the elevation angle α 5.
    The calculation of the equivalent horizontal distance E according to Equation 1 can also be interpreted as a modification of the target distance D 6 with a correction factor KF, which in the case of Rifleman's calls depends only on the elevation angle α 5. E = D x KF Eq. 2 KF = KF (a) = cos (a) Eq. 3
    Ballistic programs (eg QuickTARGET, EXBAL, Sierra Infinity) as well as target devices or rangefinders with integrated ballistic computer are already known in the prior art in which environmental influences such as temperature, humidity, wind strength, to determine a correction or the correction factor KF, the air pressure, but also in particular data of the laboratory or the ammunition used are taken into account. Such devices deassert the correction by either numerically specifying the equivalent horizontal distance E or displaying a variable breakpoint (ie, variable targets 13, 14, 15). Thus, a correction factor KF is used, which depends on several parameters. KF = KF (D, a, Laboratory, ...) Eq. 4
    kinn4nnC6AA Λ 4 I ΛΛ4 4 4 Γ. Kl ^ kl - ΠΛ01 m1 25 15:03:44 06-04-2011 12/31 • I I • t »• * * I t t * * * · * · · ·» -8-
    One possibility for carrying out the method according to the invention for determining an equivalent horizontal distance E for sighting a target 2 with a target device 8 of a firearm 9 will be explained with reference to FIG. 4. For this purpose, a device 21 for determining the equivalent horizontal distance E is provided, which is preferably equipped with a central microprocessor 22 for the automated implementation of the method. This device 21 further comprises a range finder 23 for measuring the target distance D 6 and an inclination sensor 24 for measuring the elevation angle α 5 at which the target 2 appears to the shooter 1. The microprocessor 22 can use the values for the target distance D 6 and the elevation angle α 5 calculate an appropriate correction without taking into account further data. However, predefined correction factors KF can also be kept in a memory 25 for simplification and / or acceleration, so that the microprocessor 22 can perform a calculation of the equivalent horizontal distance E by linking the measurement signals obtained from the range finder 23 and the inclination sensor 24. The result of the calculation is displayed on a display 26. The shooter 1 can then align the firearm 9 and the aiming device 8 to the target 2 by selecting the target corresponding to the displayed equivalent horizontal distance E (in this embodiment, the aiming mark 13) or changing the attachment angle by adjusting the elevation tower according to the displayed equivalent horizontal distance E and make a shot.
    The device 21 for determining the equivalent horizontal distance E can be configured as a device independent of the firearm 9 or the aiming device, but alternatively can also form part of the firearm 9 or the aiming device 8. In the latter case, the display 26 of the device 21 is preferably integrated into the beam path of the target device 8. The display 26 is for this purpose in one of the Kidebenen the optics of the target device 8 superimposed so that the value of the calculated equivalent horizontal distance E the shooter 1 in the same field of view represented by the target device 8 appears.
    According to an alternative embodiment of a combination of the device 21 with a target device 8 is instead of a numerical display of the equivalent horizontal distance E on the display 26 by the microprocessor 22, the calculation of a variable breakpoint and its automated fading into the beam path of the target device 6, that is Display of a correspondingly positioned target mark 13, N9nmr> Mtnn nfi / n / i / onn is-nr;
    No. RRR1 P .M2 / Ü31 25 15:04:30 06-04-2011 13/31 -9-14,15. But it is also conceivable to take into account the necessary corrector by means of an automatic (motorized) mechanical adjustment of the height tower or an adjustment of the sight line by moving an optical element in the beam path of the target device.
    Another advantage is an embodiment of the target device 8, in which the rangefinder 23 is at least partially integrated into the optical beam path of the target device 8. This can be realized, for example, in that - e.g. upon execution of the range finder 23 by a laser distance meter - the laser beam emitted to the target 2 and / or the laser light reflected from the target 2 passes through the objective lens 8 lens.
    According to the method for determining the equivalent horizontal distance E according to the present invention, the calculation thereof is based on a correction based on a value pair of a value of the target distance D 6 and a value of the elevation angle α 5. It has surprisingly been found that with a correction which is determined solely for different values of target distances D 6 and different values of elevation angles α 5, the advantages of the methods described above (namely simple and accurate) can be linked without their Disadvantages (namely need for knowledge about the ballistic data of the laboratory and limitation to short distances and small elevation angles) to be accepted. A sufficiently accurate calculation of the equivalent horizontal distance E for sighting the target 2 is thus possible. The method according to the invention for determining the equivalent horizontal distance E is therefore based on correction factors KF for which the following applies: KF = KF (D, α) Eq. 5
    According to a harvested embodiment, the following correction factor table is used.
    Coir Factor Table 1:
    Ol a2 Oa D, KFn KF12 KF «d2 kf21 KF« KF «Since KFai _KF« _ _KEaa_ nc ic a / im 1 ις · ηκ
    No fm / rm 25 15:05:07 06-04-2011 14/31 * · · fr * * * * fr f · · · I «t ♦ * # * * • 1 * 4 * 4 * * * fr * fr fr ··· »fr» -10-
    The assignment of correction factors KFS to pairs of values (Dtl q) can take place, for example, after carrying out appropriate test decisions.
    Flg. 5 shows a flow chart of the method steps in the method according to the invention for determining the equivalent horizontal distance E for sighting the target 2 with the target device 8 of the firearm 9. In a first step 31, the target distance D 6 is measured with the aid of the range finder 23. In a further step 31 Method step 32, the elevation angle α 5 using the tilt sensor 24 is determined. However, the method steps 31 and 32 can also take place simultaneously, in the event that the device 21 (FIG. 4) is structurally connected or integrated with the target device 8 or the firearm 9, these measurements take place in that the target device 8 the crosshair 12 is aligned with the target 2 and the shooter 1 triggers the measuring process according to the procedural steps 31 and 32. Suinil can be made by the microprocessor 22 on the basis of the measured values of the target distance D 6 and the Höhenwin- angle α 5 automatically determine the correction in a subsequent step 33. This is preferably carried out by the microprocessor 22 determining the correction factor KF corresponding to the measured values from a correction factor table. To simplify or minimize the correction-factor parts, it is conceivable to carry out an interpolation on the basis of the assignments of the correction factors KF (D |, dj). and to assign the actual values obtained in the measurement of the target distance D 6 and the elevation angle α 5 a corresponding value of the correction factor KF (D, α). In a subsequent method step 34, the calculation of the equivalent horizontal distance E is then carried out by the microprocessor 22 by multiplying the target distance D 6 by the previously determined value of the correction factor KF (D, α), so that in the subsequent method step 35 the display of this value of the equivalent horizontal distance E can be done on the display 26 of the device 21. It is then possible for the shooter 1 in a further method step 36 to target the target 2 taking into account this value the equivalent horizontal distance E and to dissolve a shot at the target 2.
    According to a further embodiment variant of the method according to the invention, it is provided to use commercially available ballistic programs for determining the Konektuifaktor-Tabelie. By means of commercially available balistic software, it is possible for selectable or adjustable ammunitions or for both horizontal and angular angle parameters of the corresponding trajectories 7 and thus ummnum riR ir A / im 1 1 r nfi IUr R3fl1 014/031 25 15 : 05: 53 06-04-2011 15/31
    -11-
    Conditions for a stain shot, such as the angle of attachment or the necessary adjustment of the height tower of the target device 8 to calculate. An example of such commercial ballistic programs are QuickTARGET by H. Brömel -DE, EXBAL by Perry Systems - USA or Sierra Bullets Infinity Ballistics Software by Sierra - USA
    The evaluation of ballistic calculations with commercial ballistic programs also allows the determination of correction factors for different labs or ammunition (see equation 4). According to this embodiment of the invention, it is now provided that to determine the values of the correction factors KF (D |, dj) of the correction factor table with a Baliistik program, values of the correction factor KF are calculated from data from the laboratory aging of an ammunition and an average value from correction factors KF is formed for each different laboratory. The elements KF, the correction factor table thus form a two-dimensional matrix, these correction factors KF | j = KF (D), q) compute to: lr <31.5 KFij = - y KF {Dj, Q), Laborierungj) ni In the example now described for determining a correction factor table, the ballistic software QuidtTARGET was used and the trajectories 7 for three different ammunitions or laboratory rings respectively at elevation angles α 5 with values of 15e and 35 ° and thus correction factors KF (to determine the equivalent calculated from the three ammunition and / or laboratory measurements given in the table below, where BC is the ballistic coefficient and v0 is the muzzle velocity (exit velocity) of the projectile in m / s ( Meter / second).
    Designation BC v0 [m / s] .308 WIN HMK 0,356 780 .300 WIN MAG 0,421 935 7x57 R TMR 0,255 780 NWMnnnnn nc / n / i / 9m 1 1 ς · Π7 Nr R3fl1 .015 / 031 25 15:06:31 06-04-2011 16/31
    -12-
    After determining the values of the correction factors KF (Di, a (, Laboratory ()), after application of Equation 6, that is by averaging, the elements KFy of the correction factor table were determined as shown in the table below.
    Correction Factor Parts 2: 10 * 30® D [m] 100 0.986 0.876 200 0.987 0.884 300 0.999 0.883 400 0.990 0.902 500 0.991 0.910 For the application of the method according to the invention, it is sufficient to have the correction factor table thus obtained in the memory 25 of FIG Device 21 (Fig. 4) abzuspei-chem or for the determination of the equivalent horizontal distance E ready to keep. It has surprisingly been found that equivalent horizontal distances E can be determined using a correction factor table in which the correction factors KF depend only on the target distance D 6 and the elevation angle α 5. This is the case, although the trajectories of the projectile, that is to say the trajectories 7, are relatively strongly dependent on the data of the laboratory of the different ammunition. The assays / ammunition selected in this example include a relatively wide range of assays and provide a mean of very different types of ammunition from the determined correction factors KF., For example, the .300 WIN MAG has a very flat trajectory 7 and is therefore suitable for long shots, in contrast, the 7x57 R TMR has a relatively strongly curved trajectory 7 and is therefore only suitable for short target distances D 6. The .308 WIN HMK is finally located between the first two.
    In general, the ammunitions or laboratory uses used in this embodiment are those with a very flat trajectory or trajectory 7 'of the projectile, as used for direct shots or direct fire. Characteristic of these ammunition is a high number of razors. That means at the
    kieniiAMvnnK nfi / nd / 9M1 1 R Π7 Mr RRR1 p nifi / rm 25 15:07:09 06-04-2011 17/31 ·· * «» * · * · »» · · · · # · · * * « «• II 4 * ·« «» »» »» »* *» ft »- 13-
    Execution of a horizontal shot results in high values of the quotient of the target distance D 6 and the distance between the track peak of the trajectory 7 'and the line of sight 4' (FIG. 2). The method according to the invention is advantageously suitable for ammunition and direct-shot laboratory tests with a number of rasts having a value in the range greater than 100, preferably with a value in the range greater than 300.
    According to another embodiment variant of the method according to the invention, a weighted average value formation is used in contrast to the mean value formation according to equation 6. For this purpose, contributions of laborations with a shallower trajectory 7 for larger shot ranges, or contributions from laboratories with a high ransanzzahi are preferably weighted higher and contributions of laborations with a more curved trajectory 7, or less weighted with a smaller ransanzzahi.
    Based on the illustrations in FIGS. 6 and 7, the execution of an angle shot using the method according to the invention will be described in more detail.
    The illustration of Fig. 6 shows the sighting of the target 2 with the aiming device 8 at - after the shooting of the weapon 9 unchanged - relative position of the line of sight 4 through the visual beam path of the target device 8 relative to the barrel axis 10 of the firearm 9. As in the above 2, a change in the trajekotry 7 of the projectile towards a trajectory somewhat flatter relative to the line of sight 4 results in this situation, and the target 2 would be missed above. According to the method, in this situation, no shot is fired at the target 2, but instead the shooter 1 activates the device 21 (Figure 4) while keeping the reticle 12 aligned with the target 2. Thus, the measurement of the target distance D 6 is achieved the distance meter 23 and the measurement of the elevation angle α 5 is triggered by the tilt sensor 24. On the basis of the measured values obtained in the microprocessor 22 of the device 21 then the determination of the equivalent horizontal distance E, which is finally displayed on the display 26. In the case of using a sight with multiple targets 13, 14, 15 as described in Fig. 4, the shooter 1 will now select the target corresponding to the displayed equivalent horizontal distance E. This is equivalent to selecting one from the line of sight 4 different, new sighting line 41, the HBrnnnennn ne / N / i / om 1 1 ζ fis Nr tmi P Π17 / 1 25 15:07:52 06-04-2011 18/31 -14- to the barrel axis of the weapon 10 includes a relatively smaller Θ to the attachment angle 11 angle 42nd
    Sagittarius 1 now has the option of aligning the sighting line 42 with the target 2. For this purpose, the weapon 9 is pivoted so far by the shooter 1 that the sighting line 41 forms the new line of sight on the target 2, as a result of which the trajectory of the projectile according to the trajectory 7 changes towards the target 2. The barrel axis 10 of the weapon 9 is thus arranged in Fig. 7 relative to the position in Fig. 6 by an angle corresponding to the difference between the attachment angle 11 and the new attachment angle 42 is pivoted.
    According to an alternative embodiment, the adjustment of the alignment of the firearm Θ on the target 2 out by an adjustment by means of an adjustment of the height tower 16 of the target device 8. The relative position between the line of sight 4 of the target device 8 and the barrel axis 10 of the weapon 9 is thereby This means that for the sighting of the target 2 in both situations, the same reticle 12 (FIG. 4) is brought to coincide with the target 2. As a consequence, also in this variant of the method, the weapon 9 is pivoted by an angle corresponding to the value of the difference between the original attachment angle 11 and the new modified attachment angle 42 by the shooter 1 to hit the target 2 safely when executing a shot. The described adjustment to the height tower 16 for changing the relative position between the line of sight 4 passing through the visual beam path of the aiming device 8 and the running axis 10 of the weapon 9 can be done manually by the shooter 1, but advantageously automatically, for example by an electromotive adjustment , executed
    The required correction when sighting a target 2 when performing an angle shot is thus feasible by a method for determining a replacement distance between a location of a shooter 1 and a point of impact of a projectile in the horizontal plane 3. The replacement distance is taken into account instead of the target distance D 6 when sighted by the shooter 1. This requires first a shooting of the weapon 9, wherein the relative position of the line of sight 4 by the visual beam path of the target device 8 and, the riflescope relative to the barrel axis 10 of the weapon 9 is set so that for a predeterminable projectile and a predetermined Einschießdistanz for horizontal shots a desired high accuracy is achieved. MWMKnnm p.018 / 031 15:08:36 06-04-2011 19/31 25 -15-
    When making an angle shot, the target distance D 6 between the location and the target 2 arranged on the line of sight 4 and the angle of elevation α 5 enclosed by the line of sight 4 with the horizontal plane 3 are then determined. Based on non-ballistic characteristics, such as the determined target distance D 6 and the elevation angle α 5, a correction function is determined. By applying the correction function to the measured value of the target distance D 6, the value of a replacement distance in a horizontal plane 3 is determined. This value of the replacement distance becomes then used to change the relative position between the line of sight 4 and the barrel axis 10 of the weapon 9 by the difference of the previously determined target distance and the determined equivalent distance. The correction function is preferably realized by correction factors KF from a correction factor table in each of which a value of the correction distance K is assigned to a value pair of a value of the target distance D 6 and a value of the shooting angle a 5.
    The embodiments show possible embodiments of the method and the device for determining an equivalent horizontal distance, it being noted at this point that the invention is not limited to the specially illustrated Ausführungsvarianten the same, but also various combinations of the individual embodiments are possible with each other and this possibility of variation due to the teaching on technical action by objective invention lies in the ability of those skilled in this technical field. So are all conceivable embodiments, which are possible by combinations of individual details of the illustrated and described embodiment variant, includes the scope of protection.
    For the sake of order, it has finally been pointed out that, for a better understanding of the structure of the device for determining an equivalent horizontal distance, these or their components have been shown partially unevenly and / or enlarged and / or reduced in size.
    The task underlying the independent inventive solutions can be taken from the description.
    Above all, the individual embodiments shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 can form the subject of independent solutions according to the invention. The relevant objects and solutions according to the invention can be found in the detailed descriptions of these figures. na / n / i / om 1 m m
    Nr R3R1 P.019 / 031 25 15:12:58 06-04-2011 26/31 ♦ · # * * * · * * * * * · ··> «* ·· * * · ♦ k» * * * · »·· * φ * · |
    Reference Number 1 Sagittarius 2 Target 3 Horizontal Plane 4 Line of Sight 5 Elevation Angle α 6 Target Distance D 7 Trajectory θ Targeting Device 9 Firearm 10 Barrel 11 Barrow Angle 12 Crosshairs 13 Targeting Mark 14 Targeting Mark 15 Targeting Mark 16 Height Tower 17 18 19 20 21 Apparatus 22 Microprocessor 23 Rangefinder 24 Inclination Sensor 25 Memory 26 Display 27 28 29 30 31 Process step 32 Process step 33 Process step 34 Process step 35 Process step 36 Process step ηκ ιπλ / om 1 m 1 Δ
    No. R3R1 Ν2010 / 25800 Ρ.026 / 031
    权利要求:
    Claims (32)
    [1]
    25 15:09:19 06-04-2011 20/31 * * * «* * * * * * * * * · ··· * ί *» m • · * * «- · · ** ··· · 1. A method for determining a substitute distance to be considered in place of the target distance D (6) when sighting a target (2) with a target distance D (6) and an elevation angle α (5) between a line of sight (4) to the target (2) and a horizontal plane (3) with a below a from the elevation angle α (5) Einschießwinkel shot weapon (9) for firing projectiles with an approximately elongated trajectory, characterized in that the replacement distance by means of an exclusively non-ballistic characteristics and at least of the target distance D (6) and the angular difference between the elevation angle α (5) and the Einschießwinkel-dependent correction function of the target distance D (6) is determined.
    [2]
    2. A method for determining a replacement distance to be considered in place of the target distance D (6) when sighting a target (2) with a target distance D (6) and an elevation angle o (5) between a line of sight (4) to the target (2) and a Horizontal plane (3) with a shot in the horizontal weapon (9) for firing projectiles with an approximately elongated trajectory, characterized in that the equivalent distance mitteis exclusively of non-ballistic characteristics and at least of the target distance D (6) and the elevation angle α (5) dependent correction function from the target distance D (6) is determined.
    [3]
    A method for determining a substitute distance between a location and a point of impact of a projectile in a horizontal plane (3) common to the location, in which a target distance D (6) between the location and a destination (2) which is located on a sight line (4 ), is determined, and in which a height angle α (5), which is enclosed by the line of sight (4) with the horizontal plane (3), is determined, characterized in that a correction function exclusively of non-ballistic Kainwerten, as at least the target distance D (6) and the Höhenwinkef α (5), determined and thus the target distance D (6) for determining the equivalent distance in the horizontal plane (3) is changed. N2010 / 25800 0fi / 04 / 011 15:10 No .: R381 P.020 / 031 25 15:09:58 06-04-2011 21/31 «» «* * ·« «« «• * * I · · ··· · - # · * 2-
    [4]
    4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a Rasanzzahl the Gsschoßes has a value greater than 100 aulweist.
    [5]
    5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the projectile has an approximately elongated trajectory.
    [6]
    6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that as equivalent distance an equivalent horizontal distance E is determined by application of the correction function to the target distance O (6), one value pair (D |, q) of a value of the target distance D ( 6) and a value of the height angle α (5) is assigned a value for the amount of correction.
    [7]
    7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a correction factor KF is used as the correction function, wherein the equivalent horizontal distance E is calculated by multiplying the target distance D (6) with the correction factor KF.
    [8]
    8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the correction factor KF is determined from a correction factor table, in each of a pair of values (D;, q) of a value of the target distance D (6) and a value of the elevation angle α ( 5) is assigned a value for the extent of the correction.
    [9]
    9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a value of a correction factor KF (D, α) to a value pair (D, α) of a value of the target distance D (6) and a value of the elevation angle α (5) by interpolation is calculated based on the correction factors KF $ of the correction factor table.
    [10]
    10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that for determining the values of the correction factor KF; The correction factor table with a ballistics program values of the correction factor KF are calculated from data from the labo-amation of an ammunition and an average of values of correction factors KF is formed for each different laboratory. N2010 / 25800 nfi / nd 15n 11 nr; R381 P.021 / 031 25 15:10:35 06-04-2011 22/31 • · • ft · · ft · »· * ·« Ψ -3-
    [11]
    11. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least three mutually different laboratories are used to determine the correction factor table.
    [12]
    12. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a weighted averaging is applied.
    [13]
    13. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the weighting of the target distance D (6) depends.
    [14]
    14. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the weighting depends on the number of rotations of the projectile.
    [15]
    15. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the weighted averaging contributions of high-ranked laboratory weights are weighted higher and contributions by laboratories with a relatively small number of rasers are weighted less.
    [16]
    16. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that during the correction and Umweitparameter, in particular air pressure, Luit-damp or temperature, are taken into account.
    [17]
    17. A device (21) for determining a replacement distance between a location and a point of impact of a projectile in a location common to the horizontal plane (3) for targeting a target (2) for an angle shot with an elevation angle α (5) with a display (26 ) for a value of the equivalent distance, characterized in that the device (21) comprises a range finder (23) for measuring a target distance D (6) and an inclination sensor (24) for measuring the height angle α (5) between a line of sight (4) the target (2) and the horizontal plane (3), and that this comprises a microprocessor (22) which is adapted to calculate the replacement distance by applying a correction function to the target distance 0 (6), wherein the microprocessor (22) derives a value for the extent of the correction function from a memory (25), wherein in each case a pair of values (D |, Qj) of a value of the Targetis · N201CV25B00 nfi / nd / nn 1R: 1 No .: R381 P.022 / 031 23/31 25 ............... * 15:11:14 06-04-2011 • * »· it * ·« • * ft I · * · «·» * * • ft «· 4 *. 4 &lt; 6) and a value of the elevation angle a5 (5) is assigned a value for the extent of the correction function.
    [18]
    18. Device (21) according to claim 17, characterized in that the microprocessor (22) is designed to calculate the equivalent distance by multiplying the target distance D (6) by a correction factor KF.
    [19]
    19. Device (21) according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that the microprocessor (22) is adapted to determine the correction factor KF from a correction factor table, in each case a pair of values (Di, Qj) of a value of the target distance D (6) and a value of the elevation angle α (5) a value of the correction factor KF «) is assigned.
    [20]
    20. Device (21) according to one of claims 17 to 19, characterized in that the microprocessor (22) is adapted to a value of a correction factor KF (D, a) to a throwing pair (D, a) of a value of the target distance D (6) and a value of the elevation angle α (5) is calculated by interpolation based on the correction factors KFij of the correction factor table.
    [21]
    21. Device (21) according to any one of claims 17 to 20, characterized in that in the memory (25) a correction factor table is stored, for their determination with a ballistics program values of the correction factor KF from data of the ammunition are calculated and an average of values of correction factors KF is formed for each different laboratory.
    [22]
    22. Device (21) according to any one of claims 17 to 21, characterized in that the rangefinder (23) comprises a laser rangefinder.
    [23]
    23. aiming device (8), in particular a telescopic sight, with a device (21) for determining a substitute distance to be considered instead of the target distance D (6) for sighting a target (2) with the aiming device (8) of a firearm (9) according to one of Claims 17 to 22, characterized in that a display (26) of the Vorridv N2010 / 25800 ηκ / ηϋ / 9ηΐΐ 1 ^ -1 No: R.381 P.023 / 031 25 15:11:51 06-04-2011 24/31 ·· »·» # »·· I» · # * ** ··· · * '*' t t. (21) is visible for a value of the substitute distance during sighting for a shooter (1).
    [24]
    24. Target device (B) according to claim 23, characterized in that the display (26) in the viewing channel, in particular in the optical beam path, the target device (8) is integrated
    [25]
    25. Target device (8) according to claim 23 or 24, characterized in that a rangefinder (23) for measuring a target distance D (6) in the optical beam Jengang the target device (8) is integrated.
    [26]
    26. Target device (8) according to any one of claims 23 to 25, characterized in that the device (21) for determining the replacement distance in the telescopic sight (8) is integrated.
    [27]
    27. Method for determining a replacement distance between a location and a point of impact of a projectile in a horizontal plane (3) with a weapon (9) and a riflescope (8) mounted on the weapon (9), in which a relative division of a line of sight (4) is injected by the visual beam path of the riflescope (8) relative to a barrel axis (10) of the weapon (9) at a pre-definable bullet on a vorbestimnv bare Einschießdistanz between the location and the point of impact of the projectile in the horizontal plane (3), whereupon the determined Relative position between the line of sight (4) and the running axis (10) is detected, characterized in that a target distance D (6) between the location and a target (2), which are arranged on the Sichtii-never (4) is determined and an elevation angle α (5) enclosed by the line-of-sight (4) with the horizontal plane (3) is determined, and that a correction function is exclusively from non-ballistic characteristic values such as at least the target distance D (6) and the elevation angle .alpha. (5) and thus the target distance D (6) for setting the replacement distance in the horizontal plane (3) is changed, and that the relative position between the line of sight (4) and the running axis (10) by the difference of the predetermined target distance D (6) and adjusted to the determined equivalent distance. N2010 / 25B00 nfi / nd / Nii 15 · 13 Nr: R381 P.024 / 031 25 15:12:28 06-04-2011 25/31% * ·· * B * · · t ·· * · · M &gt; - 4 * * * * * *% * · * ·· ** * * ·· -0-
    [28]
    28. The method according to claim 27, characterized in that the relative position between the line of sight (4) and the barrel axis (10) by an adjustment to the elevation tower of the riflescope (8) is changed.
    [29]
    29. The method according to claim 27 or 28, characterized in that the adjustment takes place at the zenith of the riflescope (8) electromechanically.
    [30]
    30. The method according to any one of claims 27 to 29, characterized in that the adjustment takes place automatically at the height tower of the riflescope (8).
    [31]
    31. The method according to any one of claims 27 to 30, characterized in that the Relatsteliung between the line of sight (4) and the barrel axis (10) by sighting with one of a reticle (12) different target mark (13,14, 15) the determined equivalent distance is changed.
    [32]
    32. The method according to any one of claims 27 to 31, characterized in that the relative position between the line of sight (4) and the barrel axis (10) by a correspondingly determined replacement distance opto-electronically modified target mark (13, 14,15) is changed. Swarovski-Optik KG. by lawyers BuWera Partner Rechtsanwalt GmbH N2010 / 2S800 nfi / ru / 9mi ir-13 Nr R381 P.025 / 031
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    EP1304539B1|2005-08-31|Method and device for aiming a gun barrel and use of the device
    DE202005017276U1|2006-03-16|Reticle for use in e.g. riflescope, has primary horizontal and vertical sight lines, and set of vertical secondary aiming marks, each indicating equal unit of measure and intersecting vertical central portion
    WO2006097310A1|2006-09-21|Sighting mechanism for fire arms
    DE102005007910A1|2006-08-10|Firearm for long flight duration projectiles has fire guidance system with target data acquisition and adjusters for sight tube on weapon
    DE102008053948A1|2009-05-07|Telescopic rifle sight has a central sighting mark, on the horizontal crosshair, and a number of independently adjustable sighting marks vertical under it for ballistic compensation
    DE2736598A1|1978-02-23|CROSSES FOR OPTICAL DEVICES
    DE112007000314T5|2009-01-15|Multi-colored crosshairs for ballistic aiming
    DE102014001028A1|2015-06-03|Fire control visor, handgun and a method for aligning a handgun
    AT511318B1|2014-12-15|AIMING
    DE102013012257A1|2015-01-29|Riflescope with ASV
    DE3209111A1|1982-11-11|FIRE GUIDE SYSTEM FOR A BULLET
    DE102009031620A1|2011-02-24|Weapon assembly, weapon system, as well as methods for a weapon assembly and method for a weapon system
    DE102004034267A1|2006-02-09|System for automatic elevation adjustment for weapon using a laser ranging optic connected to the weapon sight via a data link and computer
    AT519554B1|2018-08-15|Method for determining a replacement distance between a location and a replacement impact point of a projectile
    DE202019106216U1|2021-02-11|Sighting device for firearms with movement-dependent reticle
    DE1951622A1|1971-05-06|Arrangement for simulating firing paths
    DE102006035777A1|2008-02-07|Scope
    DE1946972B2|1978-01-05|Weapon sighting and correcting device - includes indicator lamps in Wheatstone bridge for correction circuit
    DE102013111123A1|2015-04-09|Method for adjusting a weft simulator to a predetermined target distance
    DE102018133064A1|2019-07-04|Ballistic target system with digital adjustment wheel
    EP1965166A1|2008-09-03|Targeting arrangement
    DE726699C|1942-10-19|Rifle scope
    DE647136C|1937-06-29|Sighting device for guns
    DE1623346A1|1971-03-25|Telescope with rangefinder for weapons that fire in direct shot
    DE202008015236U1|2009-02-19|target
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP2508835B1|2018-05-30|
    AT511318B1|2014-12-15|
    US8733647B2|2014-05-27|
    US20120298749A1|2012-11-29|
    EP3367047B1|2020-12-16|
    EP2508835A1|2012-10-10|
    EP3367047A1|2018-08-29|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    DE3933042A1|1988-12-06|1990-06-07|Jenoptik Jena Gmbh|SCOPE|
    WO2006060489A2|2004-11-30|2006-06-08|Bernard Thomas Windauer|Optical sighting system|
    WO2007133277A2|2005-11-01|2007-11-22|Leupold & Stevens, Inc.|Ballistic ranging methods and systems for inclined shooting|EP3460378A1|2017-09-22|2019-03-27|Swarovski-Optik KG.|Method for determining a replacement distance between a location and an initial impact point of a projectile|US6873406B1|2002-01-11|2005-03-29|Opti-Logic Corporation|Tilt-compensated laser rangefinder|
    US7658031B2|2005-12-21|2010-02-09|Bushnell, Inc.|Handheld rangefinder operable to determine hold over ballistic information|
    US8081298B1|2008-07-24|2011-12-20|Bushnell, Inc.|Handheld rangefinder operable to determine hold-over ballistic information|TWI429875B|2005-11-01|2014-03-11|Leupold & Stevens Inc|Ballistic ranging methods and systems for inclined shooting|
    BE1024404B1|2016-07-15|2018-02-14|Fn Herstal S.A.|SIGHT|
    US10962331B2|2019-06-06|2021-03-30|Bae Systems Information And Electronic Systems Integration Inc.|Dynamic weapon to target assignment using a control based methodology|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA490/2011A|AT511318B1|2011-04-06|2011-04-06|AIMING|ATA490/2011A| AT511318B1|2011-04-06|2011-04-06|AIMING|
    US13/440,191| US8733647B2|2011-04-06|2012-04-05|Sight|
    EP18167201.5A| EP3367047B1|2011-04-06|2012-04-06|Target device|
    EP12002522.6A| EP2508835B1|2011-04-06|2012-04-06|Target device|
    [返回顶部]