奥地利专利AT510190A1 METHOD FOR PRODUCING A MULTILAYER SLIDING BEARING

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公开号:AT510190A1
申请号:T0128210
申请日:2010-07-30
公开日:2012-02-15
发明作者:
申请人:Miba Gleitlager Gmbh；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

-1 -
The invention relates to a method for producing a multilayer plain bearing, according to which at least one layer, in particular a sliding layer, is deposited on a substrate surface of a substrate by a spraying method, and a sliding bearing comprising a supporting layer and a sliding layer, wherein the sliding layer in a plane in at least two areas is divided, which consist of a first material and a different second material.
Conventional liners of plain bearings are either made of soft materials, e.g. Lead, tin, bismuth, or formed by hard materials, such as alloys of copper, silver or nickel. Soft running layers are characterized by their high embedding capacity against dirt and foreign body particles, but wear out quickly or break under very high loads. Hard skins have a high wear resistance and are highly resilient, but react aggressively to dirt particles.
In order to solve this contradiction, a plain bearing has been proposed in the applicant's WO 2009/059344 A2, in which the running layer is formed at least by a first partial application layer and a comparatively softer second partial application layer, wherein at least the second partial application layer over a length and / or a width of the tread has a varying layer thickness.
EP 0 677 149 B1 describes a composite sliding bearing with opposite end edges comprising a backing layer, an intermediate layer made of a material having a certain degree of hardness, and a sliding layer made of a material less hard than that of the intermediate layer wherein the sliding layer is provided on at least a substantial part of the intermediate layer and has an inner side. The intermediate layer has a radially inner surface defined by a pair of surfaces eccentric to the bearing, with the surfaces of a N2009 / 31100-2-
of each pair of surfaces intersect along a cutting line which is covered by at least a part of the circumferential extent of the bearing and inclined with respect to the opposite end edges of the bearing, the surfaces decreasing from the respective cutting line to reduce the thickness of the intermediate layer from the Cutting line, and the radially inner surface of the sliding layer has a radius of curvature which is at a maximum equal to the distance between the axis of the bearing and each point of each cutting line. There is thus provided a sleeve bearing having higher load capacity and higher wear resistance in all phases of its life, while maintaining adequate embedment capability while reducing shaft wear.
From DE 38 16 404 A1 a ternary slide bearing is known, in which the intermediate layer is arranged from a harder bearing metal only in the axial edge regions of the bearing. In the heavily loaded center of the bearing, the sliding layer is supported directly by the steel support shell. There are thus breakthroughs avoided in the middle of the warehouse.
Furthermore, so-called groove bearings have already been described in the prior art, e.g. in DE 10 2004 030 017 A1, in which the sliding alloy layer is coated with a soft material, e.g. Tin, filled grooves.
The object of the present invention is to provide a plain bearing, which has a good embedding capacity for foreign substances while good wear resistance of the overlay, and to provide a method for its production.
This object is achieved on the one hand by the method mentioned, in which the layer is made of at least two mutually different materials, wherein in a first step, one of the materials is sprayed onto the substrate only in defined areas, wherein areas of the substrate surface, with this Material are not to be coated, are protected with a mask before depositing the material, and that in at least a second step, the other areas are coated with at least one of the other materials by spraying, and by a sliding bearing, in which the two areas of the sliding layer are made of material powders, which are applied by means of a spraying process, wherein there is a connection in the boundary regions between the different materials, or by a sliding bearing, wherein the first region by a metallic bearing material and the second region by a lubricating varnish is formed. N2Q09 / 31100 -3-
The advantage here is that by using a mask or a template so as to cover the not to be coated with the first material areas of the substrate, so for example the plain half bearing shell, now a possibility is created that both materials or all materials , from which the sliding layer is built, are in direct contact with the same substrate, whereby it is no longer necessary to take account of the adhesion of the materials for the sliding layer with each other, since the adhesive strength across the substrate or the underlying layer of the sliding bearing is reached. It is thus possible to use hitherto unusable combinations of materials for sliding bearing layers, in particular for sliding layers, so that sliding bearings can be produced that better meet the conflicting tasks, namely on the one hand the embedding and adaptability and on the other hand the carrying capacity or wear resistance. In addition, the efficiency for the production of these plain bearings is improved by the injection process, in particular, thus the use of different materials in the production of the respective layer of the plain bearing is made more economical. By using powdery materials to produce the regions of the sliding layer of different materials, which are applied by means of a spraying process, on the one hand the advantage is achieved that the coating of the substrate can be made more targeted due to the particle shape of these powders, so that a "bleeding" of Materials in adjacent layer areas is avoided, on the other hand, the advantage is achieved that by the injection process even in the boundary regions between the materials, a physical or mechanical connection between the materials is formed, whereby the cohesion of the sliding layer can be improved. On the other hand, it is also possible that an area of the layer of a plurality of materials is formed by a lubricating varnish, whereby a subsequent, in particular mechanical, machining can be performed simpler and easier on the tool, so that any existing coating defects that arise, for example, due to large-scale orders of the material can be resolved more easily and cheaply. In addition, the use of a Gleitiackes has the advantage that it can be applied at relatively low temperatures, so that a thermal stress in an already applied sub-layer of the layer of the plurality of materials and thus phase transformations in the metallic layer can be avoided, so that the desired property profile is better predefinable. In addition, the use of a lubricating varnish has the advantage that it can be used directly, even without any necessary pre-treatments of the N2009 / 31100 -4-
Substrates can be applied and also enters a sufficiently high connection with the adjacent metallic areas of the layer. By forming the connections in the boundary regions between the regions of the different materials can also be prevented that one of the materials prematurely wears so far that this material would be lost in the further life cycle of the plain bearing.
According to a variant embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the at least one further material is initially applied to the substrate over its entire area and the first material is subsequently exposed by mechanical post-processing of the layer.
Coating defects, which can occur, for example, if these regions do not completely fill in the first region (s) for the first material, can thereby be better compensated, with the additional advantage that by avoiding a mask for the deposition the further material of the coating process can be made easier in itself.
On the other hand, there is the possibility that a mask for masking areas of the substrate surface already coated with the first material is also used for the deposition of the at least one further material on the substrate, whereby the economy can be improved insofar as on a subsequent, mechanical post-processing can be dispensed with to remove excess material and also material for coating can be saved.
In the preferred embodiment of the method, at least one of the materials is applied by a cold gas spraying method or by a high-speed flame spraying method. The advantages of both variants are that the particles impinge on the substrate at very high speed, which means that despite the use of powdered materials, very high layer densities can be achieved with simultaneously low oxidation of the particles. In addition, the adhesion of the sprayed layer to the substrate can be significantly improved in comparison with other spray processes, without thereby obtaining too high a thermal stress on the substrate itself. The cold gas spraying process also achieves the advantage that the powdered materials can be applied to the substrate practically unchanged, with the exception of a possibly resulting surface layer on the powder particles, so that the layer virtually completely reproduces the properties of the material powder. To a lesser extent, this also applies to the high speed flame spraying process. N2009 / 31100 -5- • · • · «% •
According to another embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the first material is a material which has a hardness which is at least 20%, in particular at least 25%, preferably at least 30%, greater than the hardness of at least one werteren, sprayed Material, in order to give the sliding bearing on the one hand the necessary adaptability and embedding ability for dirt particles or particles from the abrasion and on the other hand, the hardness required to improve the wear resistance.
In this case, the at least one further material is preferably applied exclusively in the region of at least one side edge of the substrate surface. It can thus better avoid the risk of seizing the slide bearing due to excessive edge loads in hard bearing materials, on the other hand after completion of the adjustment of the sliding surface of the sliding bearing to the bearing surface, so if the load is distributed over the entire bearing surface, the sliding bearing the harder middle area still has a sufficiently high strength.
Furthermore, there is the possibility that the material can be sprayed on with a different spraying method, whereby better consideration can be given to the material properties, so that subsequently the adhesive strength of the materials on the substrate surface can be improved,
It is also possible for the at least one further material with a greater surface roughness and / or higher porosity to be deposited than the first material.
It can thus be achieved that in the running-in phase of the slide bearing by the well-formed topography of the surface of the area with the at least one other material, the oil absorption of the sliding bearing is improved, whereby the wear of the material in the break-in phase, especially if this from a soft Material exists, can be significantly improved.
According to a particular embodiment of the method, it is provided that the first material is applied at least partially in the form of a license plate. In addition to the function-related, advantages described above, the additional effect is achieved that even after prolonged use of the plain bearing the label after it is firmly anchored in the layer, still exists, so that the plain bearing is clearly assigned and, for example, a demand for maintenance a similar bearing can be performed easily. In addition, however, this embodiment variant also has the advantage that this characteristic not only corresponds to the prin- ciple of N2Q09 / 31100 -6- * ··· »ft * ft # ftft •» «#. Ft *. #« * · Ft * ft * I * * * • ft # ft * * ft * * · · · · ** «« «· ♦» · It serves to visually identify the slide bearing, but it can also perform a function that improves the tribology of the plain bearing.
According to one embodiment variant of the slide bearing, it is provided that the connection between the regions of the different material powders is produced by a cold-kinetic compression process, so that the material used does not or does not significantly change by thermal stressing due to this joining process during the production of the slide bearing become.
For the reasons already mentioned above, it is advantageous if the bonded coating is arranged in at least one side region of the sliding layer of the sliding bearing.
There is also the possibility that the at least two regions made of the different materials at least partially have a different layer thickness. This can be achieved that in particular the softer material of the two materials, if this is applied with a higher layer thickness, in the break-in phase mainly on the abutment surface, so for example the surface of a wave, is applied, so that the adjustment is made mainly on these soft areas and so that wear in the hard areas of the layer of the plain bearing can be better avoided. There is also the possibility that in the run-in phase, the softer material is spent in the surface area of the harder material by abrasion and there in the sequence can also contribute to the adaptation of the bearing surface to the abutment surface.
As mentioned, it is preferred if the material of the at least two different materials, which has a lower hardness than the other material, is applied with a greater layer thickness.
The layer thickness difference is preferably between 10% and 30% of the greatest layer thickness. Below 10%, the desired effect described could not be sufficiently observed. Above 30%, the running-in phase of the plain bearing, ie the phase during the adaptation of the two bearing surfaces, is lengthened too much, whereby the plain bearing reaches its full capacity only too late.
By the formation of the layer, in particular the sliding layer, the plain bearing with areas of different materials and different heights is also achieved,
N2009 / 31 tOO -7- in particular if the two edge regions or side regions of the sliding bearing - seen in the circumferential direction - have the raised regions, that a type of lubrication or lubrication gap is formed in the middle region, so that in the run-in phase the wear can be reduced again.
Furthermore, there is the possibility that the at least two different regions have a different surface roughness, in order to be able to better control or adjust the oil retention capacity in order to reduce the wear.
It is advantageous if the material with the lower hardness has a greater surface roughness than the material with the higher hardness.
For a better understanding of the invention, this will be explained in more detail with reference to the following figures.
Each shows in a schematically simplified representation:
Figure 1 is a plain bearing in the form of a plain bearing half shell in side view.
2 shows a device for producing a plain bearing.
3 shows a variant of a plain bearing in plan view.
Fig. 4 shows another embodiment of a sliding bearing in plan view;
Fig. 5 cut a variant of a plain bearing in front view.
By way of introduction, it should be noted that in the differently described embodiments, the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals or the same component names, wherein the disclosures contained in the entire description can be mutatis mutandis to the same parts with the same reference numerals or component names. Also, the location information chosen in the description, such as top, bottom, side, etc. related to the immediately described and illustrated figure and are to be transferred to the new situation mutatis mutandis when a change in position. Furthermore, individual features or combinations of features from the various exemplary embodiments shown and described can also represent separate solutions according to the invention. N2009 / 31100
1 shows a first embodiment variant of a slide bearing 1 in the form of a slide bearing half-shell with a support element 2 or a support shell, as well as a slide layer 3 directly attached thereto.
It should already be mentioned at this point that the invention is not limited to plain bearings 1 in the form of plain bearing half shells, but rather also other plain bearings 1 are included, such. Thrust rings, bearing bushings (shown by dashed lines in FIG. 1), as well as directly coated applications, such as e.g. the direct coating of a connecting rod bearing or a connecting rod, in particular with a sliding layer 3,
The support member 2 is usually made of steel, but may of course be made of other materials known in slide bearing technology, such as e.g. Brass, bronzes, etc. By the support element 2, the sliding bearing is given the dimensional stability.
Between the sliding layer 3 and the support element 2, a bearing metal layer 4 may be arranged, as shown in Fig. 1 by dashed lines.
The bearing metal layer 3 may, in principle, consist of the usual bearing metals known from the prior art for such bearing elements 1. Examples of bearing metal layers are:
Aluminum-based bearing metals, in particular: AISnCuNi, AISn20Cu, AISi4Cd, AICd3CuNi, AISi11Cu, AISn6Cu, AISn40, AISn25CuMn, AlSiUCuMgNi;
Bearing metals based on copper, in particular:
CuSnIO, CuAl10Fe5Ni5, CuZn31Si1, CuPb24Sn2, CuSn8Bi10, CuSnSZn;
Tin-based bearing metals, in particular:
SnSb8Cu4, SnSb12Cu6Pb.
It is also possible to use bearing metals other than the bearing metals based on nickel, silver, iron or chromium alloys.
Furthermore, it is possible, at least between individual layers, that is to say for example the support element 2 and the bearing metal layer 4 and / or the bearing metal layer 4 and the sliding layer 4, to have at least one intermediate layer in the form of a bonding layer or N2009 / 31100 -9-
Diffusion barrier layer to arrange. The bonding layers or diffusion barrier layers may consist of the materials customary for this purpose, for example by an aluminum layer, tin layer, copper layer, nickel layer, silver layer or their alloys, in particular binary alloys.
The diffusion barrier layers usually have a small layer thickness of 1 to 3 pm. Tie layers can have a layer thickness of up to 0.3 mm.
The bearing metal layer 3 can have a layer thickness selected from a range with a lower limit of 100 μm, preferably 300 μm, and an upper limit of 3 mm, preferably 1 mm, the support element 2 can have a layer thickness selected from a range with one lower limit of 1 mm, preferably 2 mm, and an upper limit of 20 mm, preferably 8 mm.
According to the invention, the sliding layer 3 of the sliding bearing 1 consists of several, that is at least two, different materials, which are arranged in discrete areas on the substrate, that is, in the simplest case directly on the support member 2. If intermediate layers are present between the sliding layer 3 and the slide bearing 1, the substrate is correspondingly formed by the arrangement of the corresponding layers one above the other, that is, for example, a support element 2 with a bearing metal layer 4 arranged thereon.
It should be noted at this point that in the following with regard to the invention, only the sliding layer 3 is treated. However, it is within the scope of the invention, of course, possible that other layers of the sliding bearing 1, in particular the optionally existing bearing metal layer 4, according to the invention with different, discrete areas with different materials is produced, with a combination of layers is possible in each These layers or at least two of these layers each consist of several different materials. In the event that the bearing metal layer 4 is made of at least two different materials, these materials can be selected from the above-mentioned materials, wherein, if the plain bearing 1 is produced with the preferred embodiment of the method, in particular by means of cold gas spraying or HVF spraying, all combinations these materials are possible.
Fig. 2 shows a highly schematically simplified coating process of the support member 2 with a first material 5. For this purpose, a mask 6 is placed on the support member 2 N2009 / 31100 -10- * * * * • · - in Fig. 2, the mask 6 is spaced to the surface of the support member 2 is shown for reasons of clarity - and the material 5 is deposited by means of a coating device 7 on a first region 8. In this embodiment variant 1, this first region 8 extends from a central region into the two end edges of the support element 2, so that two lateral constrictions of this first region 8 exist in the region of the side edges, viewed in the circumferential direction of the sliding bearing 1. For this purpose, the mask 6 or the template is correspondingly shaped, so that these two constricted further regions 9 are covered and thus are not coated with the material 5 in this first coating step.
There is also the possibility that the mask 6 is held at a small distance from the surface of the substrate, ie the support element 2, by an external holding device, which distance may be selected from a range with a lower limit of 0.5 mm and a upper limit of 20 mm, in particular from a range with a lower limit of 1 mm and an upper limit of 9 mm.
The coating device 7 comprises a spray nozzle 10 from which the material 5 emerges. Of course, these coating devices of course include various feeders for the material 5, which are not shown in Fig. 2.
As soon as this first region 8 is coated with the material 5, the mask 6 is removed. In a subsequent coating step, the two regions 9 are coated with a further material which is different from the material 5. This coating can take place in such a way that the entire surface of the substrate, that is to say of the support element 2, is coated with this further material on the inside, that is to say on the surface to be supported. In other words, therefore, the area 8 which has been previously coated with the material 5, also coated with the other material. In this embodiment variant of the method, in a final processing step, in particular a mechanical post-processing, for example by fine boring, in which the excess material which has been applied to the area 8, is removed again, so that both areas 8, 9, that is, the material 5 and the other material, visible on the finished slide bearing and can be brought to rest on a component to be stored. N2009 / 31100 -11 - * »· ι ι * *» »· ·
In a variant of the method, there is the possibility that the region 8 is covered with a further mask and only the regions 9 are coated with the further material, again with a coating device 7.
It creates by these methods a sliding layer 3 of at least two materials of different nature - it can also more than two areas 8, 9 are formed on the sliding bearing 1 for the sliding layer 3 as needed, and it is also possible that more than two materials of different nature be used for several areas -wherein the sliding layer 3 forming materials in direct contact with the substrate, so in the present case with the support member 2, are. Preferably, the area 8 is coated with a hard material and the areas 9 are coated with a softer material in comparison.
The material 5 may for example be selected from a group comprising CuSnSZn, CuPb20Sn, AlZn.
The further material for the regions 9 can be selected from a group comprising AISn2QCu, AISn40, AlSn40Cu, AlSnIOCu.
Preferred combinations of materials are, for example, CuSn5Zn / AISn20Cu or CuPb20Sn / AISn40Cu. It should, however, be noted that, in principle, alloys known from the prior art for sliding layers can be used as material 5 or other material.
In a preferred embodiment, the application of the material 5 and the at least one other material is carried out either by cold gas spraying or by high-speed flame spraying, wherein combinations of these two methods are possible, for example, that the harder material 5 is applied for the area 8 by means of high-speed flame spraying and the softer material for the areas 9 by means of cold gas spraying.
In principle, the method of cold gas spraying in the field of plain bearing production is already known. For example, Applicant's WO 2005/033353 A2 describes a method for producing the composite using cold gas spraying. The coating of a slide bearing by means of cold gas spraying is also already known from DE 10 2004 043 914 A1. N2009 / 31100
-12-
In the case of cold gas spraying, materials are known to be accelerated to a relatively high speed, in particular pulverulent materials, and consequently impact the surface of the substrate at high speed, during which impact the individual particles are firmly joined together to form a dense layer. Similarly, in high-velocity flame spraying (HVOF spraying), powdery materials are also accelerated at high speed against the substrate surface, which in turn also results in dense layers due to the impact on the substrate surface. However, higher temperatures are usually used in high-speed flame spraying than is the case with cold gas spraying. However, both methods offer the advantage that low-oxide layers arise due to the short residence time of the particles in the spray jet, so that therefore the resulting layers essentially have the composition which have the powdery constituents.
Due to the lower temperature, cold gas spraying is preferably used for the material (s) for coating the regions 9, since these materials preferably contain low-melting elements, such as, for example, tin or bismuth.
Due to the high speed with which the powdery materials are applied to the substrate surface, a cold-kinetic compression process takes place, so that in the boundary regions between the areas 8 and 9, where the two different materials abut each other, by this cold-kinetic compression, a combination of these two materials, Although they have a different composition, can be produced, so that therefore has the existing of the different materials sliding layer 3 in the layer despite different materials a high bond strength.
The high impact velocity also ensures that the connection with, i. Adhesion to the substrate surface is relatively high, so that a solid cohesion of the layer structure, that is, the composite material is achieved. If, however, the bond strength of the sliding layer 3 on the substrate, that is to say the support element 2, is insufficient, it is possible that the surface of the substrate, that is to say of the support element 2, is roughened before the coating is applied. N2009 / 31100 For example, by mechanical and / or chemical methods, as these are known from the prior art.
In Fig. 2 it is shown that an already preformed semi-finished product is coated in the form of a half-shell. It is within the scope of the invention, however, also the possibility that the coating is carried out on a flat surface and the mechanical transformation is carried out to Gleitlagerhalbschale only after the completion of the entire coating process. It is advantageous that the material 5 and the at least one, further material are cold kinetically connected to the surface of the substrate, since thus during the forming process virtually no or only slight changes in the powder applied materials are caused, so therefore, if necessary, no thermal After-treatment after the forming process is required.
The speed of the particles in the cold gas spraying depends on the sprayed material. for soft materials such as tin speeds between 150m / s and 350m / s are necessary, for copper however 400m / s to 1100m / s. Hard materials can require even higher speeds.
As the carrier gas, inert gases such as argon or preferably nitrogen can be used.
The amount of powder may be selected depending on the powder size and the desired layer properties such as hardness and porosity, typically it will be between 5 g / min and 50 g / min. Higher levels are chosen for more porous layers, while denser layers require smaller amounts of powder. For the HVOF spraying, the parameters are similar, but it comes to the gas type. It may depend on the desired combustion temperature e.g. Acetylene (up to> 3000 ° C) or hydrogen (up to 2800 ° C) or corresponding mixtures, e.g. Forming gas, used.
The speed of the particles depends again on the material as above. In addition, the residence time of the powder in the jet (i.e., the distance of the nozzle from the surface to be coated) must be taken into account, since the surface of the particles is to be oxidized in a controlled manner.
In addition to the embodiment that the sliding layer 3 is constructed exclusively of metallic materials, there is the possibility according to a variant, N2009 / 31100
In particular, those regions 9 which are coated with the softer material are produced from a lubricating varnish by spraying the lubricating varnish into these regions with or without a mask 9. In principle, all sliding coatings known in the field of plain bearing technology can be used. For example, polytetrafluoroethylene, fluorine-containing resins, e.g. Perfiuoralkoxy copolymers, polyfluoroalkoxy polytetrafluoroethylene copolymers, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymers, polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, alternating copolymers, random copolymers, e.g. Perfluoroethylene-propylene, polyesterimide, bismaleimide, polyimide resins, e.g. Carborane imides, aromatic polyimide resins, hydrogen-free polyimide resins, polytriazo-pyromellithimides, polyamideimides, in particular aromatic, polyaryletherimides, optionally modified with isocyanates, polyether-rimides, optionally modified with isocyanates, epoxy resins, epoxy resin esters, phenolic resins, polyamide 6, polyamide 66, polyoxymethylene, Silicones, polyaryl ethers, polyaryl ketones, polyaryl ether ketones, polyaryl ether ether ketones, polyether ether ketones, polyether ketones, polyvinylidene diflourides, polyethylene sulfides, allylene sulfide, polytriazo-pyromellithimides, polyester imides, polyaryl sulfides, polyvinyl sulfides, polyphenylene sulfides, polysulfones, polyether sulfones, polyaryl sulfones, polyaryloxides, polyaryl sulfides, and copolymers it.
Preference is given to a lubricating varnish consisting in the dry state of 40 wt .-% to 45 wt .-% MoS2, 20 wt .-% to 25 wt -% graphite and 30 wt .-% to 40 wt .-% polyamide imide, wherein optionally even hard particles, such as Oxides, nitrides or carbides, in the bonded coating in a proportion of a total of 20 wt .-% may be included, which replace a proportion of solid lubricants. This bonded coating has the advantage that the softer layer regions 9 are effective, in particular, in the inlet chamfer of the sliding bearing 1 during adaptation to the counterpart to be supported and, of course, a certain amount of abrasion arises that this is abradable in the form of relatively small particles, so that they Particles in the sequence neither the surface of the sliding bearing, so the sliding layer 3, disturb, nor disturbing effect in an oil circuit.
Preferably, a material for the region 8 is used for the production of the sliding layer 3, which has a hardness which is greater by at least 20% than the hardness of the other material. For example, the material 5 may have a hardness of Vickers at a test force of 10 Pond, selected from a range with a lower limit of 30 HV and an upper limit of 40 HV and the further material has a hardness selected from a range with a lower limit of 50 HV and an upper limit of 70 HV. N2009 / 31100 - 15-
In principle, there is also the possibility in all of the methods that the softer, further material, provided that it has been applied over the whole area as described above without mask 6, is not removed or is not completely removed and is therefore available as a so-called inlet layer.
There is also the possibility that in particular the softer, further material is deposited in the areas 9 with a higher surface roughness than the first material 5. For example, this can be achieved by spraying the particles at a lower speed against the substrate to be coated , In this case, the surface roughness may differ by at least 10% between the two regions 8, 9, that is to say the region 9 has a surface roughness which is at least 10% higher. The maximum roughness profile height Rz according to DIIM EN ISO 4287 of region 9 can be selected from a range with a lower limit of Rz 10 and an upper limit of Rz 50. Preferably, the maximum roughness profile height Rz according to DIN EN ISO 4287 is at most Rz 35.
Furthermore, it is possible to deposit the further material with a higher porosity than the first material 5, for example by increasing the powder throughput per unit of time or by reducing the injection speed. The porosity of the further material may be greater by at least 10%, in particular at least 20%, than that of the first material 5.
It should be mentioned that it is also possible in principle that the conditions with regard to the surface roughness and the porosity can also be in the opposite direction than in the preferred embodiment.
3 shows a variant of the sliding bearing 1 in plan view of the sliding layer 3. The regions 9 in the side edge region - viewed in the circumferential direction of the sliding bearing 1 - continuously provided with the other, softer material, wherein the interface between the two materials, that is the material 5 and the other material, is rectilinear. With this embodiment of the invention, a sliding bearing 1 is provided, in which the tendency to eat of the hard material 5 is reduced or avoided in the area 8 by high edge load and is also achieved that relative to the material 5 softer material in the areas 9 in Edge region after completion of the adjustment during the break-in phase still has a sufficient strength, so that the load to be supported on the entire running surface of the sliding bearing 1 is distributed. N2009 / 31100 - 16- • · • »4 ·
It should be mentioned at this point that it is possible within the scope of the invention to make the regions 8, 9 also different in terms of their geometry.
In principle, it is also possible that the hardnesses are designed differently from the preferred, described embodiments, ie, for example, the harder material 5 is applied in the two regions 9 or at least one further region 9 and the softer material in the region 8.
Furthermore, there is the possibility that by means of the spraying process in the sliding layer 3, in particular in the regions 9 provided with the softer material, a hardness gradient is produced, wherein the gradient is preferably designed such that these regions 9 in the region of the surface, the means in the area of the tread, are soft and the hardness in the direction of the substrate, so for example on the support member 2, increases, so after the break-in these softer areas 9 also have a higher strength and thus improved contribute to load transfer. This hardness gradient can be achieved for example by different particle speeds and / or alloy compositions.
Fig. 4 shows a variant of the sliding bearing 1 in plan view of the sliding layer 3, in the area 8 of the sliding layer 3 more areas 9, in the illustrated embodiment in the region of at least one end face of the sliding bearing 1, also another material is applied and indeed in Shape of a license plate, which is shown in Fig. 4, for example in the form of the logo of the manufacturer. However, the license plate 11 does not necessarily have to be applied in the form of letters; for example, various barcodes, etc. or numerical codes can also be applied. The application of this mark 11 is again carried out with a mask, wherein in these areas, the further material of the plate 11 with the ground, so for example the support member 2, is in direct contact. In addition to the pure characteristic function while this characteristic 11 also fulfills a tribological function, due to the material used for the number plate 11. It is advantageous if this indicator 11 in at least one of the end edge regions of the sliding bearing 1, as shown in Fig. 4, is attached, since in these areas the dirt entry is increased during operation of the sliding bearing 1 and thus contributes to this characteristic 11 for embedding the foreign particles or the abrasion particles.
For the sake of completeness, it should be mentioned that in this embodiment variant according to FIG. 4 additional regions 9 are present analogous to embodiments 2, which are coated with a further material, for example the material used for the license plate 11 ,
In order to increase the characteristic force of the plate 11 further, there is the possibility that this is made of a material that is different color to the material of the tread, that is the material 5 of the area 8.
Fig. 5 shows a cross section through a sliding bearing 1 in the direction of the end edge of the sliding bearing 1. Shown again is the substrate, that is, the support member 2 on which the sliding layer 3 is deposited directly, with the first material 5 in the area 8 and the Further material in the two lateral regions 9. In this embodiment, the further material for the regions 9 is deposited with a higher layer thickness in comparison to the layer thickness of the material 5 for the region 8. In particular, therefore, that material is deposited with a higher layer thickness, which has the lower hardness. The layer thickness difference may be between 10% and 30% of the greatest layer thickness, ie the layer thickness in the region of the further material of the regions 9.
In the following table, some selected examples of material combinations for the areas 8 and 9 of the sliding layer 3 are given in connection with their preferred use. However, these examples are not intended to be limiting in terms of the scope of protection of the application, as long as areas 8, 9 are provided for the sliding layer 3, which have a different hardness compared to each other, the area (s) compared to the one or more Area (s) 9 are harder. So there are other hard / soft combinations within the scope of the invention possible.
No. Range 8 Range 9 Application 1 AlZn4 AISn20Cu softer edge area to prevent edge beams 2 AISn20Cu dense AISn20Cu porous porous area with at least one central oil groove opening in the area of circumferentially facing faces to trap debris 3 AISn20Cu CuSnIO hard bearing Support structure in soft matrix, Additional N2009 / 31100 -18-
Logo or marking of installation direction, type, etc. 4 AISn2QCu AIZn4 hard areas where cavitation can occur to minimize cavitation attack 5 CuSnIO + Coating CuSnIO + Bonded coating Center of the bearing 25pm CuSnIO with δμιτι anti-friction varnish, edges of the bearing 15pm CuSnIO with 16pm anti-friction varnish for better conformance 6 AISn20Cu SnSb8Cu4 White metal as a strainer in the form of a strip in the center of the bearing
The embodiments show possible embodiments of the sliding bearing 1, wherein it should be noted at this point that the invention is not limited to the specifically illustrated embodiments thereof, but also various combinations of the individual embodiments are mutually possible and this variation possibility due to the teaching of technical action representational invention in the skill of those skilled in this technical field. Thus, all conceivable embodiments which are possible by combinations of individual details of the embodiment variant shown and described are also included in the scope of protection within the scope of the claims.
For the sake of order, it should finally be pointed out that, for a better understanding of the design of the slide bearing 1, this or its components have been shown partially unevenly and / or enlarged and / or reduced in size.
Above all, the individual embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 can form the subject of independent solutions according to the invention. N2009 / 31100
REFERENCE NUMBERS
bearings
support element
Overlay
Bearing metal layer
material
mask
coater
Area
Area
spray nozzle
License plate N2009 / 31100

权利要求:
Claims (18)
[1]
1. A method for producing a multilayer plain bearing (t), according to which on a substrate surface of a substrate by a spraying process at least one layer, in particular a sliding layer (3), is deposited, characterized in that the layer of at least two to each other In a first step, a first material (5) is sprayed onto the substrate only in at least one defined area (8), areas of the substrate surface which are not to be coated with this material (5) being coated with a material Mask (6) before the deposition of the material (5) are protected, and that in at least a second step or the other (s) area (s) (9) are coated with at least one of the other materials by spraying.
[2]
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one further material initially applied over the entire surface of the substrate and the first material (5) is then exposed by a mechanical post-processing of the layer.
[3]
3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that for the deposition of the at least one further material on the substrate also a mask (6) for blanking of the with the first material (5) already coated area (8) of the substrate surface are used.
[4]
4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least one of the materials is applied by a cold spraying method or by a high-speed flame spraying method.
[5]
5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that as the first material (5) a material is sprayed, which has a hardness which is greater by at least 20% than the hardness of the at least one further sprayed-on material. N2009 / 31100 * s * * -2-
[6]
6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the at least one further material is applied exclusively in the region of at least one side edge of the substrate surface.
[7]
7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the materials are sprayed with a different spraying process.
[8]
8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the at least one further material having a greater surface roughness and / or higher porosity is deposited than the first material (5).
[9]
9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the first or the second material (5) is applied at least partially in the form of a mark.
[10]
10. plain bearing (1) comprising a support layer (2) and a sliding layer (3), where in the Gieitschicht (3) in a plane in at least two regions (8, 9) is divided, consisting of a first material (5) and consist of a different second material, characterized in that the two regions consist of material powders, which are applied by means of a spraying process, wherein there is a connection in the boundary regions between the materials.
[11]
11. sliding bearing (1) according to claim 10, characterized in that the connection is made by a cold-kinetic compression process.
[12]
12 sliding bearing (1) comprising a support layer (2) and a sliding layer (3), where in the sliding layer (3) in a plane in at least two regions (8, 9) is divided, consisting of a first material (5) and to a different second material consist, characterized in that in the first region (8) a metallic slide bearing material and in the second region (9) is applied a sliding bag.
[13]
13. plain bearing (1) according to claim 12, characterized in that the lubricating varnish in at least one side region of the sliding layer (3) is arranged. N2009 / 31100 -3-
[14]
14. plain bearing (1) according to one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the at least two regions (8, 9) at least partially have a different layer thickness.
[15]
15. plain bearing (1) according to claim 14, characterized in that the further material of the at least two different materials having a lower hardness than the first material (5) has a greater layer thickness.
[16]
16 slide bearing (1) according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the layer thickness difference between 10% and 30% of the largest layer thickness.
[17]
17. plain bearing (1) according to one of claims 10 to 16, characterized in that the at least two different regions (8, 9) have a different surface roughness.
[18]
18. plain bearing (1) according to claim 17, characterized in that the material having the lower hardness has a greater surface roughness. Miba Gleitlager GmbH

Lawyers "BVfräer & Partner Attorney at Law N2009 / 31100

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同族专利:

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引用文献:

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FR58501E|1941-10-20|1954-01-27|Electrochimie Soc|Improvements made to the bearings, in particular to those with a steel shell lined with a lining|

DE4008671A1|1990-03-17|1991-10-10|Glyco Metall Werke|Radial-axial sliding bearing - has sprayed metal to form bearing surface at axial sections|

BR9204743A|1992-12-29|1994-11-29|Metal Leve Sa|Multilayer bearing.|

JP3958719B2|2003-06-30|2007-08-15|大同メタル工業株式会社|Sliding member|

AT413034B|2003-10-08|2005-10-15|Miba Gleitlager Gmbh|ALLOY, ESPECIALLY FOR A GLIDING LAYER|

DE102004043914A1|2004-09-10|2006-03-16|Linde Ag|Bronze slip bearing is fabricated by cold gas spray application of a suitable alloy|

US8349396B2|2005-04-14|2013-01-08|United Technologies Corporation|Method and system for creating functionally graded materials using cold spray|

JP4504328B2|2006-03-30|2010-07-14|大同メタル工業株式会社|Sliding member|

EP1900473A1|2006-09-15|2008-03-19|ThyssenKrupp Automotive AG|Process for manufacturing a connecting rod|

DE102006060021A1|2006-12-19|2008-06-26|Ecka Granulate Gmbh & Co. Kg|Preparing heavy-duty coating composition containing e.g. tin, useful to coat on e.g. bearings, comprises introducing an input stock of the composition into a cold gas spraying system, cold gas spraying of metal layers on a base metal|

JP2008196012A|2007-02-13|2008-08-28|Ntn Corp|Aerosol-producing apparatus|

WO2009059344A2|2007-11-09|2009-05-14|Miba Gleitlager Gmbh|Bearing element|AT511434B1|2012-01-16|2012-12-15|Miba Gleitlager Gmbh|BEARINGS|

EP2669399B1|2012-06-01|2016-10-12|Oerlikon Metco AG, Wohlen|Bearing and thermal spray method|

DE102014008909A1|2014-06-14|2014-12-04|Daimler Ag|Apparatus and method for thermally coating an inner wall of a cylindrical storage area|

AT521071B1|2018-03-23|2019-12-15|Miba Gleitlager Austria Gmbh|Wind turbine transmission and method for producing a wind turbine transmission|

法律状态:
2017-03-15| MM01| Lapse because of not paying annual fees|Effective date: 20160730 |

优先权:

申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

ATA1282/2010A|AT510190B1|2010-07-30|2010-07-30|METHOD FOR PRODUCING A MULTILAYER SLIDING BEARING|ATA1282/2010A| AT510190B1|2010-07-30|2010-07-30|METHOD FOR PRODUCING A MULTILAYER SLIDING BEARING|

CN2011800373834A| CN103038525A|2010-07-30|2011-08-01|Method for producing a multi-layered sliding bearing|

KR1020137001736A| KR20130041919A|2010-07-30|2011-08-01|Method for producing a multi-layered sliding bearing|

PCT/AT2011/000320| WO2012012818A1|2010-07-30|2011-08-01|Method for producing a multi-layered sliding bearing|

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