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    • 专利摘要:
    In a method for operating a drive train with a drive shaft (2, 17), an electric machine (4, 19) and with a differential gear (3) with three drives or drives (7, 8, 9), wherein a first An - Or output (7) with the drive shaft (2, 17), a second input or output (9), optionally by means of a first clutch (15), with a differential drive (5, 21) and a third on or Output (8), optionally by means of a second clutch (22), with the electric machine (4, 19) is connected, the electric machine (4, 19) with open first and / or second clutch (15, 22) of approached a speed of zero or almost zero. Then, the electric machine (4, 19) is synchronized and connected to the network (12), and then the electric machine (4, 19) is operated in the phase shift mode.
    公开号:AT15940U1
    申请号:TGM50047/2018U
    申请日:2018-03-22
    公开日:2018-10-15
    发明作者:Ing Gerald Hehenberger Dipl
    申请人:Ing Gerald Hehenberger Dipl；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Description: [0001] Method for operating a drive train with a drive shaft, an electric machine and with a differential gearbox with three drives or take-offs, wherein a first arrival or departure. Output with the drive shaft, a second input and output, optionally by means of a first clutch, with a differential drive and a third input or output, optionally by means of a second clutch, with the electric machine and is connected.
    The invention further relates to a drive train, in particular for carrying out this method.
    Wind power plants are increasingly gaining importance as electricity generating plants. As a result, the percentage of electricity generated by wind is continuously increasing. This in turn requires new standards in terms of power quality. As a result, the use of medium-voltage synchronous generators is becoming increasingly important. An advantage of externally excited synchronous generators is that they can be operated in so-called phase shifting mode. So they can, when they are connected to the grid, feed pure reactive power into the grid. That is, even if the supply of wind is insufficient to produce real power by means of a wind turbine, these machines can at least supply reactive power to the grid, and thus obtain, for example, reactive power. influence the voltage in the network accordingly. The same applies to the drive of working machines, such as e.g. Pumps, compressors, conveyor belts and the like.
    EP 1895158 B1 shows a method for operating a system with a synchronous generator and a superposition gear, which is connected between a rotor and the synchronous generator, and whose transmission ratio is set by a control unit. In this case, an operating mode is provided in which the synchronous generator is connected to an electrical network, and the generator shaft is decoupled via the superposition gear of the rotor shaft and the synchronous generator is operated as a phase shifter for the network.
    Disadvantage of this solution is that a decoupling of the rotor shaft is expensive, since this decoupling has to be done in the main load path of the drive train.
    WO 2014/183139 A1 shows how the system can also be used to operate a prime mover in phase shifting operation. That is, the prime mover can supply reactive power to and from the grid without operating the work machine. However, WO 2014/183139 A1 does not show how an energy production plant can be switched over from phase shifting operation to normal operation (production of active power).
    The object of the invention is therefore to provide a method available, which ensures optimal switching from the phase shift operation in normal operation.
    This object is achieved according to the invention in that the electric machine is approached with open first clutch and / or open second clutch of a speed of zero or approximately zero, that the electric machine is synchronized and connected to the network, and that the electric machine is then operated in the phase shift mode.
    This object is further achieved with a drive train having the features of claim 10.
    As a result, a very compact and efficient design of the system is possible with the beyond also the control engineering aspects for the power generation plant, in particular wind turbine, or the drive of a working machine are optimally solved. Preferred embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims. Hereinafter, preferred and the scope of the claims are not limited kende embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings described in detail. 1 shows the principle of a differential system for driving a pump, FIG. 2 shows an embodiment according to the invention of a differential system for an electric power plant with an electric differential drive, and FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of a differential system according to the invention an energy recovery plant with a hydrostatic pump / motor combination as a differential drive.
    Fig. 1 shows the principle of a differential system for a drive train using the example of a pump according to WO 2014/183139 A1. In this case, the working machine 1 is the rotor of a pump, which is driven by a drive machine 4 via a drive shaft 2 and a differential gear 3. The drivetrain shown here has the working machine 1, the drive shaft 2, the differential gear 3, the prime mover 4 and a differential drive 5, which by means of a frequency converter 6 (consisting of motor-side and network-side inverter - simplified as a unit shown here) and a transformer 11 at the network 12 is connected. The drive shaft 2 is connected to a planet carrier 7 (with planet gears rotatably mounted), the drive machine 4 with a ring gear 8 and the differential drive 5 with a sun gear 9 of the differential gear 3. The core of the differential system in this embodiment is thus a simple planetary gear stage with three on - or drives, with a first output to the drive shaft 2 of the machine 1, a second drive to the differential drive 5 and a third drive to the drive unit 4 is connected. The variable-speed differential drive 5 realizes a balance between a desired, variable speed of the work machine 1 (working speed range) and a fixed speed of the network-connected drive machine 4 (operating speed range). In this case, the differential drive 5 operates in its control speed range. This is essentially determined by the design typical nominal values (limits) of the differential drive 5, such as, for example, Current, voltage and speed, determined.
    The differential drive 5 is connected by means of a matching gear 10 to the differential gear 3. Between the adjustment gear 10 and the differential gear 3 is a clutch 15th
    Basically, but no adjustment gear 10 must be present for the invention.
    When starting the system, the differential drive 5 and the adjustment gear 10 are decoupled by the clutch 15 from the rest of the drive train in a first step.
    If now the prime mover 4 booted up and connected to the network, so the sun gear 9 rotates freely, and it can build up no significant torque throughout the driveline. Thus, the work machine 1 remains in a range of low speed and the prime mover 4 can be synchronized with the network 12 without significant external mechanical counter-torque.
    To avoid the effect of a high starting current in accelerating and synchronizing the engine 4 with the net 12, a soft start, e.g. in the form of a phase control with thyristors or a star / delta circuit, etc., can be implemented. This is especially true for asynchronous machines.
    Alternatively, the prime mover 4 may be replaced by an auxiliary device, e.g. a small variable speed (couplable) auxiliary drive 20 (e.g., analogous to WO 2014/169302 A), be brought to a speed at which the synchronization conditions are met. The synchronization conditions define the max. allowed deviations from phase or speed and are freely selectable. The aim is to achieve the smoothest possible connection of the drive machine 4 to the network 12. Finally, the prime mover 4 is synchronized with the network 12. The motor of the variable-speed auxiliary drive 20 can also be driven by the frequency converter 6, in which the frequency converter 6 to this
    Purpose separated from the differential drive 5 and connected to the auxiliary drive 20.
    An alternative method for bumpless network synchronization of the prime mover 4 is on the one hand to separate the frequency converter 6 from the differential drive 5 and on the other hand, the prime mover 4 from the network 12. Subsequently, you can connect the electric machine 4 to the frequency converter 6, then synchronize by means of the frequency converter 6 to the network 12, then connect the prime mover 4 to the network 12, and finally connect the frequency converter 6 (again) with the differential drive 5 ( eg according to WO 2014/183139 A). Thus, the prime mover 4 can be switched to the network bumplessly.
    If the drive machine 4 designed in a further alternative with an auxiliary winding, the frequency converter 6 can also be connected to this. This auxiliary winding is preferably designed so that the frequency converter 6 can be used optimally for the described network synchronization of the drive machine 4.
    If the synchronous machine is equipped with a damper winding, it can be connected to the grid or raised like an asynchronous machine. Methods for reducing the starting current when starting three-phase machines have already been described above.
    A damper winding (damper cage) has an effect on the performance of synchronous machines. In Vollpolmaschinen the damper winding is preferably located in the grooves of the field winding or between these grooves in separate damper grooves. In salient pole machines, the damper winding preferably sits in separate damper grooves of the pole shoes. The most important task of the damper winding of synchronous machines is to dampen mechanical pendulum moments. Pendulum moments occur e.g. due to asynchronous operation and load surges. In asymmetrical operation (unbalanced load) and in extreme cases in single-phase operation, an inverse rotating field occurs, which is also damped.
    Once the prime mover 4 has accelerated beyond a certain speed and the work machine 1 during which only slowly rotates (in this phase of operation at a speed less than a typical working speed of the working machine 1), turns on the sun gear 9, a corresponding to the transmission ratio of Differential gear 3 high speed, which (taking into account the adjustment gear 10) is above the permitted control speed range of the differential drive 5. In this phase, the differential drive 5 is preferably not connected to the network 12. In a further step, the second drive of the differential gear 3 connected to the sun gear 9 is then decelerated with the brake 14 to a rotational speed which is within the control rotational speed range of the differential drive 5. Preferably, the differential drive side part of the clutch 15 is subsequently synchronized by means of the differential drive 5 with the speed of the second drive of the differential gear 3 and then the clutch 15 is closed.
    By delaying the speed of the second drive of the differential gear 3, the drive shaft 2 is inevitably accelerated.
    Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of the system according to the invention for an energy production plant, in particular wind turbine, with an electric differential drive. The system is driven by a rotor 16 of the power plant. 1, whereby instead of the prime mover 4 of FIG. 1, a generator 19 is used as an electric machine, which is connected to the ring gear 8 (= output of the differential gear 3). In one embodiment, the prime mover 4 or the generator 19 may be separable from the differential gear 3 by means of a second clutch 22. The generator 19 is preferably a third-excited medium-voltage synchronous machine, which is connected to a network 12, which in the example shown is a medium-voltage network.
    However, the selected voltage level depends on the application and above all the power level of the generator 19 and can have any desired voltage level without affecting the basic function of the inventions to the invention system. According to the number of pole pairs of the generator 19 results in a design-specific operating speed range. The operating speed range is that speed range in which the generator 19 can deliver a defined or desired or required torque and can be synchronized with the network 12.
    Basically, the same applies to the synchronization of the generator 19 with the network 12 as described for the prime mover 4 of FIG. 1.
    Alternatively, the synchronization of the generator 19 can be done on the network 12 so that the rotor 16 of the power generation plant rotates during the synchronization process within its working speed range, and the fine control of the speed of the generator 19 for network synchronization via the connected to the superposition gear 3 differential drive 5 takes place.
    The rotor 16 of the power generation plant (usually consisting of a rotor hub and several adjustable rotor blades) is connected via the drive shaft 17 and a single or multi-stage main gear 18 to the planet carrier 7 (= first drive of the differential gear 3). The drive train with the drive shaft 17, the main gear 18, the differential gear 3 and the generator 19 is shown in Fig. 2 only by way of example. Various alternative embodiments according to the prior art, v.a. with respect to the main gear 18 in combination with the differential gear 3, are also included according to the invention.
    As well as in Fig. 1, a constant speed of the generator 19 is achieved by superimposing the speed by means of the differential drive 5 (= second drive of the differential gear 3) at variable speed of the drive shaft 17. The differential drive 5 is connected to the adjustment of the control speed range via an adaptation stage 10 with the sun gear 9. As an alternative to the illustrated spur gear, the adjustment gear 10 can be, for example, multi-stage or designed as a toothed belt or chain drive and / or combined with a planetary gear stage. With the adjustment gear 10 can also realize a misalignment for the differential drive 5, which allows a simple installation of the differential drive 5 due to the example coaxial arrangement of high-speed output shaft of the main gear 18 and generator 19.
    Basically, but no adjustment gear 10 must be available for the invention at all.
    The differential drive 5 is preferably designed as a three-phase machine, in particular as a (permanent-magnet) synchronous machine.
    The clutch 15 is preferably located between the second drive of the differential stage 3 and the adjustment gear 10th
    Alternatively, this can also be arranged at any other point between the second drive of the differential gear 3 (sun gear 9) and the differential drive 5. In accordance with the position of the clutch 15, different conditions with respect to rotational speed and torque, which influence the design of a bearing (with respect to the adaptation gear 10 and the second drive of the differential gear 3) and the clutch 15, result.
    In all embodiments of the invention, the system according to the invention can be used to operate the electric machine, in the embodiment of Fig. 2, the generator 19, in the phase shift mode. That is, the generator 19 can supply reactive power to and from the grid 12 while the rotor 16 is essentially idling ("spinning") or standing. At this time, the generator 19 is merely connected to the net 12 (e.g., as described with reference to Fig. 1) without having to carry out the further steps of the start-up process described with reference to Fig. 1. That is, the differential drive 5 remains decoupled from the differential gear 3 by means of the opened first clutch 15 during the phase shift mode. Additionally or alternatively, the generator 19 can be separated by means of the second clutch 22 from the differential gear 3.
    Once the power plant has to take up operation, the rotational speed of the rotor 16 is preferably increased so far by means of adjustment of the rotor blades, that the rotor reaches its working speed range. It turns on the second drive of the differential gear 3, a speed at which the first clutch 15 and the second clutch 22 can be closed smoothly by the differential drive 5 rotates in its control speed range and with the speed of the second drive of the differential gear 3 and the output of the differential gear 3 can be synchronized with the generator 19. Subsequently, the drive train operates in the so-called differential mode and the power generation plant can also deliver active power into the network 12.
    If the power plant operates in differential mode and in the plant, e.g. a fault or the wind energy supply is reduced so that no real power can be generated, the differential drive can be decoupled by means of the first clutch 15 from the second drive of the differential gear 3 and the generator 19 by means of the second clutch 22 from the differential gear 3, while the rotor 16 preferably merges into the spinning mode, ie No significant power produced anymore. The generator 19 preferably remains connected to the network 12 and operates if necessary in the phase shift mode.
    Fig. 3 shows an embodiment according to the invention of a differential system for an energy recovery plant with a hydrostatic pump / motor combination as a differential drive according to e.g. WO 2008/061263 A2.
    In principle, the drive train is constructed the same as described with reference to FIG. 2. Instead of the electric differential drive 5, however, a hydrostatic pump / motor combination 21 is used as a differential drive in this embodiment variant. That the variable speed on the second drive of the differential gear 3 is realized by means of pump / motor.
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [1]
    claims
    1. A method for operating a drive train with a drive shaft (2, 17), an electric machine (4, 19) and with a differential gear (3) with three inputs or outputs (7, 8, 9), wherein a first An - or output (7) with the drive shaft (2, 17), a second on and. Output (9), optionally by means of a first clutch (15), with a differential drive (5, 21) and a third input or output (8), optionally by means of a second clutch (22), with the electric machine (4, 19), characterized in that the electric machine (4, 19) is approached with the first clutch (15) open and / or with the second clutch (22) open at zero or approximately zero speed, that the electric machine ( 4, 19) is synchronized and connected to the network (12), and that the electrical machine (4, 19) is subsequently operated in Pha-senschiebemodus.
    [2]
    2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the differential drive (5, 21) via a frequency converter (6) to the network (12) is connectable.
    [3]
    3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the electric machine (4, 19) by means of an auxiliary drive (20) approached by a speed of zero or approximately zero and with the network (12) is synchronized.
    [4]
    4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the auxiliary drive (20) is an electric machine, which is operated variable speed by means of the differential drive (5) separate frequency converter (6) while the electric machine (4, 19) to the power grid (12) synchronized, and that finally the auxiliary drive (20) separated from the frequency converter (6) and the frequency converter (6) is connected to the differential drive (5) again.
    [5]
    5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the electric machine (4, 19) by means of the differential drive (5) separate frequency converter (6) is accelerated and synchronized with the power grid (12) that then the electric machine (4, 19) is connected to the power grid (12) and that finally the electric machine (4, 19) separated from the frequency converter (6) and the frequency converter (6) is again connected to the differential drive (5).
    [6]
    6. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the electric machine (4, 19) has an auxiliary winding which is connected to the differential drive (5) separate frequency converter (6) that they accelerated by means of the auxiliary winding and to the power grid ( 12) is synchronized, that then the electric machine (4, 19) is connected to the power supply (12) and that finally the auxiliary winding from the frequency converter (6) disconnected and the frequency converter (6) is again connected to the differential drive (5).
    [7]
    7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrical machine (4, 19) connected to the network (12) and is approached by a speed of zero or approximately zero.
    [8]
    8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the electric machine (4, 19) by means of soft start of a speed of zero or approaching approximately zero and synchronized with the network (12).
    [9]
    9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the rotor (16) after the phase shift mode is accelerated until the rotational speed of the second drive (9) has reached a speed at which the differential drive (5, 21) rotates in its control speed range that then the two halves of the first and / or second clutch (15, 22) are synchronized by means of speed control of the differential drive (5), and that then the clutch (15, 22) is closed.
    [10]
    10. powertrain, in particular for carrying out a method according to one of claims 1 to 9, with a drive shaft (2, 17), an electric machine (4, 19) and with a differential gear (3) with three on or off drives (7 , 8, 9), wherein a first input or output (7) with the drive shaft (2, 17), a second input or output (9) with a differential drive (5, 21) and a third on or Output (8) to the electric machine (4, 19) is connected, characterized in that the second input or output (9) via a first clutch (15) to the differential drive (5, 21) is connected and / or that the third drive or output (8) is connected to the electric machine (4, 19) by means of a second clutch (22), and that when the electric machine (4, 19) is operated in the phase shift mode, the first clutch (15) and / or the second clutch (22) is opened.
    [11]
    11. Driveline according to claim 10, characterized in that the electrical machine (4, 19) is connected to a network (12) three-phase machine.
    [12]
    12. Driveline according to claim 11, characterized in that the electrical machine (4, 19) has a damper winding.
    [13]
    13. Driveline according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the differential drive (5) is a three-phase machine.
    [14]
    14. Driveline according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the differential drive (21) is a hydrostatic pump / motor combination.
    [15]
    15. Driveline according to one of claims 10 to 14, characterized in that the differential drive (5, 21) via a matching gear stage (10) with the second drive (9) is connected. For this 3 sheets of drawings
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    EP1895158A2|2006-08-31|2008-03-05|NORDEX ENERGY GmbH|Method for operating a wind farm with a synchronous generator and a differential drive|
    EP1919055A2|2006-11-02|2008-05-07|Nordex Energy GmbH|Method for operating a wind farm facility with a double feed asynchronous generator and wind farm facility with a double feed asynchronous generator|
    AT514589B1|2013-05-17|2015-02-15|Gerald Dipl Ing Hehenberger|Method of operating a drive train and drive train|
    AT516180B1|2014-08-19|2016-03-15|Gerald Dipl Ing Hehenberger|Method for starting a drive train and drive for this|
    AT15388U1|2015-07-13|2017-07-15|Ing Gerald Hehenberger Dipl|Drive train and method for operating a drive train|AT523332A1|2019-12-16|2021-07-15|Hehenberger Dipl Ing Gerald|Method for connecting an electrical asynchronous machine of a drive train to an electrical network|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    AT622017|2017-03-23|
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