• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A high speed electric turbo machine for an Organic Rankine Cycle energy converter is presented. The electric turbo-machine includes a stator (101), a rotor (102) to interact with the stator, and an impeller (103) at one end of the rotor, the impeller being suitable as a turbine for rotating the rotor to work. The stator includes a stator core (104) having stator teeth (111, 112) and a stator winding having stator coils (105, 108). The width of each stator coil is a stator slot pitch, and each stator coil is disposed so as to surround only one of the stator teeth to minimize the length of the stator winding heads in the axial direction of the rotor. The short windings allow the rotor to be shorter, and thus the natural frequencies of the rotor are higher. As a logical consequence, the critical velocities, which stimulate the natural frequencies of the rotor, are also higher.
    公开号:AT15743U1
    申请号:TGM9029/2014U
    申请日:2014-08-21
    公开日:2018-05-15
    发明作者:
    申请人:Visorc Oy；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    description
    ELECTRIC TURBOMA AND ENERGY TRANSFORMER FIELD OF THE INVENTION
    The invention relates generally to rotary electric machines. More particularly, the invention relates to an electric turbo-machine which is adapted to operate as a turbo-generator from an energy converter.
    BACKGROUND
    Electric turbomachinery in which the turbine is directly coupled to a rotor of an electric machine can be used in many different applications, such as high speed turbocompressors and energy converters. For example, small scale energy converters based on the Organic Rankine Cycle "ORC" process can be used to convert thermal energy from waste heat to electricity, which is easily used for different purposes. The waste heat can be obtained from various heat-generating processes or heat-generating machines, for example an internal combustion engine, where, due to the temperature of the waste heat and / or the environment, the waste heat can not be used as such or by conventional heat exchangers or corresponding means.
    It can be shown thermodynamically that the ORC process is a technique that can be used for this type of energy conversion. For example, the heat of vaporization of organic working fluid is low relative to the heat of evaporation of water and its specific enthalpy drop in the turbine is small and the mass flow rate in relation to the output is high, whereby it is possible to achieve high turbine efficiency even in a small capacity range. The use of high-speed technology, in which the turbine is directly coupled to a generator which rotates at the same speed and thus generates high-frequency current, has made it possible to further simplify the process in such a way that, for example, a separate reduction gear required in conventional processes not is needed.
    Publication EP0090022 describes an energy converter comprising a boiler, a radial turbine, a condenser, a feed pump and a high speed generator. The energy converter may further comprise a recuperator and a feed pump. The thermal energy supplied to the boiler is adapted to receive the Organic Rankine Cycle process, which drives the generator and thus generates electricity. The radial turbine and the delivery pump are directly connected to the rotor of the generator. The rotor is rotatably supported by dynamic gas bearings which use the organic working fluid in gaseous form. The rear surface of the radial turbine is arranged to serve as a bearing surface of a static gas pressure bearing.
    However, the high-speed technology is not free of challenges. One of the challenges is related to the fact that all rotating objects shift during a rotational movement. Any imbalance in the mass of a rotating part causes a deflection which can produce resonant vibration at certain critical speeds which excite the natural frequencies of the rotating part. To avoid problems with bearings, for example, there is a desire to design the rotating part of a high speed turbogenerator so that the lowest critical speed during operation is not exceeded by the high speed turbogenerator, i.e. that the rotating part should be subcritical rather than supercritical.
    OVERVIEW
    The following is a simplified overview to provide a basic understanding of some embodiments of the invention. The overview is not a comprehensive overview of the invention. It is not intended to identify key elements or critical elements of the invention, nor to delineate the scope of the invention. The following overview merely shows some concepts of the invention in a simplified form as an introduction to a more detailed description of embodiments of the invention.
    In accordance with the invention, there is provided a novel electric turbo-machine which is suitable but not necessarily used, for example, as a high-speed turbocompressor or as a high-speed turbogenerator of an Organic Rankine Cycle "ORC" energy converter. An electric turbomachine according to the invention comprises a stator, a rotor to magnetically interact with the stator, and an impeller directly connected to one end of the rotor, the impeller being suitable as a turbine for rotating the rotor wherein the rotor comprises permanent magnets for generating a magnetic flux which penetrates an air gap between the rotor and the stator, and wherein the stator comprises: a stator core structure comprising a plurality of stator teeth and stator slots, and [0009] a stator winding comprising a plurality of stator coils.
    The width of each stator coil is a Statornutabstand and each of the stator coils is arranged to surround only one of the stator teeth to minimize the length of the Statorwickelköpfen in the axial direction of the rotor.
    The short winding heads make it possible that the rotor is shorter and thus the natural frequencies of the rotor can be higher. As a logical consequence, the critical velocities, which stimulate the natural frequencies of the rotor, are also higher. Therefore, the upper limit of the rotational speed can be increased, which in turn increases the maximum output of the electric turbo-machine.
    In connection with the present invention, it has surprisingly been noted that the stator structure, in which each stator coil is wound around a single stator tooth, is suitable for a high-speed electrical machine in which a turbine is directly connected to the rotor of the electric machine Although the use of the above-mentioned stator structure in a high-speed electrical machine is against the traditional design principles, the air-gap harmonics should be better and better minimized by the magnetic flux distribution as the rotational speed is increased.
    According to the invention, a new energy converter is also provided, which is preferably, but not necessarily, an Organic Rankine Cycle "ORC" energy converter. An energy converter according to the invention comprises: a boiler or evaporator to evaporate a working fluid, an electric turbo-machine for converting energy contained in the vaporized working fluid into electrical energy, A condenser for condensing the vaporized working fluid discharged from the electric turbomachine, and [0017] an induction pump system for pumping the condensed working fluid to the boiler.
    The electric turbo-machine of the energy converter comprises a stator, a rotor to magnetically interact with the stator, and an impeller at one end of the rotor, the impeller being adapted to operate as a turbine for rotating the rotor and wherein the stator comprises: a stator core structure comprising a plurality of stator teeth and stator slots, and [0020] a stator winding comprising a plurality of stator coils.
    The width of each stator coil is a Statornutabstand and each of the stator coils is arranged to surround only one of the stator teeth to minimize the length of the Statorwickelköpfen in the axial direction of the rotor.
    A number of non-limiting and exemplary embodiments of the invention are described in the accompanying dependent claims.
    Various exemplary embodiments of the invention, both as to the structures and methods of operation, together with further objects and advantages thereof, will be best understood from the following description of specific embodiments when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings ,
    The verbs "to include" and "to contain" are used in this document as open constraints that neither preclude nor require the existence of equally unmentioned features. The features which are given in the dependent claims are mutually freely combinable, unless otherwise specified. Moreover, it is to be understood that the use of "a" or "an" in a singular form throughout this document does not preclude a plurality.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
    The embodiments of the invention and their advantages will be explained in more detail below by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1a is a sectional view of an electric turbomachine according to a
    FIG. 1b shows a perspective view of a stator of the electric turbomachine illustrated in FIG. 1a, and [0028] FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of an energy converter according to FIG
    Embodiment of the invention shows.
    DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
    1a shows a sectional view of an electric turbomachine 100 according to an embodiment of the invention. The electric turbomachine includes a stator 101 and a rotor 102 for magnetically interacting with the stator. The rotor 102 includes permanent magnets to generate a magnetic flux that penetrates the air gap between the rotor and the stator. In this case, the electric turbo-machine is capable of functioning as a permanent magnet synchronous generator "PMSG". It is also possible for the rotor 102 to comprise electrically conductive structures. The rotor is rotatably supported by bearings 103 and 131. In an exemplary case where the electric turbomachine 100 is used as a turbogenerator from an Organic Rankine Cycle "ORC" energy converter, the bearings 103 and 131 are advantageously lubricated with the organic working fluid from the ORC process.
    FIG. 1b shows a perspective view of the stator 101. The stator 101 comprises a stator core structure 104, which comprises a plurality of stator teeth and stator slots. In Figures 1a and 1b, some of the stator teeth are designated by reference numbers 111, 112 and 113. The stator core structure 104 is preferably made of steel sheets which are electrically insulated from each other and stacked in the direction parallel to the axial direction of the rotor 102. The axial direction is parallel to the z direction of a coordinate system 199. In the exemplary case illustrated in FIG. 1b, the stator core structure 104 is comprised of segments 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, and 119, each of which is one of Statorzähnen includes. The stator 101 includes a stator winding comprising a plurality of stator coils 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, and 110. The width of each stator coil is a stator slot spacing, and each of the stator coils is arranged so as to surround only one of the stator teeth. As illustrated in FIG. 1b, the end coils do not intersect each other from the stator coils. Therefore, the length of the end windings in the axial direction of the rotor is minimized. The length of the winding heads in the axial direction is designated L in FIG. 1a. To facilitate assembly of the stator 101, the stator teeth may be shaped to allow each stator coil to be installed by forcing the stator coil to surround the stator tooth under consideration. Electrically serially connected windings from the stator coils are electrically isolated from each other and the required strength of the insulation depends on the voltage level used.
    The electric turbomachine 100 includes a first impeller 103 at a first end of the rotor 102. The impeller 103 is adapted to operate as a radial turbine for rotating the rotor. The electric turbomachine 100 further includes a diffuser 115 containing the impeller 103 as illustrated in FIG. 1a. The diffuser 115 includes an inlet 116 and a gaseous fluid outlet 117 that is in an energy exchange relationship with the impeller 103. The impeller 103 and the diffuser 115 are advantageously suitable for operation as a radial turbine stage whose degree of reaction is less than 50%, for example 30%. Thus, the axial height of the impeller blades can be increased, and concomitantly, the ratio of the axial clearance to the axial height of the impeller can be made smaller, and thus the efficiency can be improved. The degree of reaction or reaction ratio is defined as the ratio of the static pressure drop in the impeller to the static pressure drop throughout the turbine stage or as the ratio of the static enthalpy drop in the impeller to the static enthalpy drop throughout the turbine stage.
    In the exemplary case illustrated in FIGS. 1a and 1b, the electric turbomachine 100 further includes a second impeller 118 at a second end of the rotor 102. The impeller 118 is adapted to pump fluid, and in FIG In an exemplary case where the electric turbomachine 100 is used as a turbogenerator from an Organic Rankine Cycle "ORC" energy converter, the impeller 118 may be used as a feed pump from the ORC energy converter. The impeller 118 may be a straight vane / vane radial impeller of a "pintke" type partial emission pump. The impeller 118 may be provided with a screw / screw type inducer 119 to reduce the risk of cavitation on the vanes / vanes from the impeller 118 and thereby reduce the required feed pressure. The electric turbomachine 100 may further include a third impeller 150 for cooling the electrically active parts of the electric turbomachine.
    Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of an energy converter according to an embodiment of the invention. The energy converter is advantageously an Organic Rankine Cycle "ORC" energy converter which uses a suitable organic fluid as the working fluid. For example, but not necessarily, the organic fluid may be toluene. It is also possible that the energy converter uses a suitable inorganic fluid as the working fluid. The energy converter includes a steam generator or boiler 220 to vaporize the working fluid. For example, the boiler may be operated by waste heat obtained from a heat-generating process or a heat-generating machine, such as an internal combustion engine. The energy converter includes an electric turbomachine 200 to convert the energy contained in the vaporized working fluid into electrical energy. The electrical energy is supplied to a power grid 242 by means of a frequency converter 241. The electric turbomachine 200 includes a generator section 225, a turbine section 226 and a pump section 222. The generator section 225 includes a stator and a rotor for magnetically interacting with the stator. The stator includes a stator core structure having a plurality of stator teeth and stator slots, and a stator winding having a plurality of stator coils. The width of each stator coil is a stator slot spacing and each of the stator coils is arranged to surround only one of the stator teeth to minimize the length of the stator winding heads in the axial direction of the rotor. The turbine section 226 includes a diffuser and a first impeller adapted to operate as a turbine for rotating the rotor. The pump section 222 includes a second impeller to pump fluid. The first and second impellers are coupled directly to the rotor of the generator section.
    The energy converter includes a condenser 221 to condense the vaporized working fluid discharged from the electric turbomachine 200 and a feed pump system to pump the condensed working fluid to the boiler 220. In the exemplary case illustrated in FIG. 2, the feed pump system includes the pump section 222, which is arranged to operate as a feed pump and as a feed pump 223.
    In the exemplary case illustrated in FIG. 2, the energy converter includes channels 224 for directing the working fluid to the bearings of the electric turbomachine 200 to lubricate the bearings with the working fluid. Advantageously, the electric turbomachine 200 includes a hermetic housing to prevent the working fluid from escaping into ambient air. Further, the energy converter may include a recuperator 227 to increase the efficiency of the energy conversion and a condenser tank 228.
    The specific examples provided in the above description should not be construed as limiting. Therefore, the invention is not limited only to the above-described embodiments.
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [1]
    claims
    An electric turbomachine (100) comprising a stator (101), a rotor (102) to magnetically interact with the stator, and a first impeller (103) directly connected to a first end of the rotor, wherein the first impeller is adapted to operate as a turbine for rotating the rotor, the rotor including permanent magnets to generate a magnetic flux which penetrates an air gap between the rotor and the stator, and the stator comprises: a stator core structure (US Pat. 104) comprising a plurality of stator teeth (111-113) and stator slots, and - a stator winding comprising a plurality of stator coils (105-110), characterized in that a width of each stator coil is a stator slot pitch and each of Stator coils is arranged such that only one of the stator teeth is surrounded to minimize a length of Statorwickelköpfen in an axial direction of the rotor.
    [2]
    2. An electric turbomachine according to claim 1, wherein the stator core structure consists of segments (114-119) each comprising one and only one of the stator teeth.
    [3]
    An electric turbomachine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said electric turbo-machine further comprises a diffuser (115) including said first impeller and having an inlet (116) and a gaseous fluid outlet (117) in an energy exchange relationship the first impeller is located.
    [4]
    The electric turbomachine of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the electric turbomachine further comprises a second impeller (118) at a second end of the rotor, the second impeller being adapted to pump a liquid.
    [5]
    5. An electric turbomachine according to claim 4, wherein the second impeller is a straight blade / vane radial impeller.
    [6]
    An electric turbomachine according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the second impeller is provided with a screw / worm type inducer (119) for reducing the risk of cavitation on blades / vanes from the second impeller.
    [7]
    7. An electric turbomachine according to any one of claims 3-6, wherein the first impeller and the diffuser are adapted to operate as a radial turbine stage whose degree of reaction is less than 50%.
    [8]
    8. An energy converter, comprising: - a boiler (220) to evaporate a working fluid, - an electric turbo-machine (200) according to any one of claims 1-7 and for converting energy contained in the vaporized working fluid into electrical energy, - a condenser (221) for condensing the vaporized working fluid discharged from the electric turbomachine, and - a feed pump system (222, 223) for pumping the condensed working fluid to the boiler.
    [9]
    The energy converter of claim 8, wherein the energy converter includes channels (224) for directing the working fluid to storage from the electric turbomachine to lubricate the bearings of the electrical turbomachine with the working fluid.
    [10]
    10. The energy converter of claim 9, wherein the electric turbomachine includes a hermetic enclosure to prevent the working fluid from escaping in ambient air.
    [11]
    11. The energy converter of claim 9, wherein the working fluid is an organic working fluid.
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    同族专利:
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    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    WO1982002741A1|1981-02-11|1982-08-19|Tech Inc Mechanical|Hermetic turbine generator|
    WO1992005342A1|1990-09-26|1992-04-02|Oy High Speed Tech. Ltd.|Method for securing the lubrication of bearings in a hermetic high-speed machine|
    US20060070228A1|2004-10-04|2006-04-06|Stewart William P|Electric machines and methods related to assembling electric machines|
    US20100181771A1|2009-01-21|2010-07-22|Roos Paul W|Integrated Hydroelectric Power-Generating System and Energy Storage Device|
    FI66234C|1981-10-13|1984-09-10|Jaakko Larjola|ENERGIOMVANDLARE|EP3208434A1|2016-02-19|2017-08-23|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft|Steam power plant provided with a drive turbine|
    法律状态:
    2021-04-15| MM01| Lapse because of not paying annual fees|Effective date: 20200831 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FI20130244A|FI20130244A|2013-08-26|2013-08-26|Electric turbo machine and energy converter|
    PCT/FI2014/050642|WO2015028708A1|2013-08-26|2014-08-21|An electrical turbo-machine and an energy converter|
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