Liquid crystal display apparatus Liquid crystal display having wide viewing angle Color filter Reflection-transmission double type liquid-crystal display device Liquid crystal display device Liquid crystal display panel and method for manufacturing the same Ophthalmic apparatus Projection exposure apparatus and device manufacturing method including an aperture member having a Apparatus and methods for spectroscopic measurements Measuring cell Method for discrimination of produce Nondestructive apparatus and method for detecting molecular orientation in thin films Integrated wavelength monitor Optical system for oblique incidence interferometer and apparatus using the same Photographic printing system Color simulating apparatus Optical modulation apparatus and method of controlling optical modulator Method and apparatus for reducing the formation of spots in laser projection Endoscope objective lens Wide-angle lens system Plastic lens and production method thereof Binoculars and optical device provided with via-rotation-drawable type eye cup Vehicle mirror assembly and method for assembling the same Recording equalizer and magnetic recording/reproducing apparatus using the equalizer For driving a magnetic disk apparatus Compact tape drive for reading and writing data on single reel magnetic tape cartridges Rotary medium driving apparatus Electrostatic discharge protection circuit with high triggering voltage Monolithic capacitor Operator workstation Docking station with thermoelectric heat dissipation system for docked portable computer Light emitting diode mounting structure Luminaire Method of determining reflective surface of reflector in vehicle lamp Switching power supply Switching power supply unit Circuit for driving nonvolatile ferroelectric memory Magnetic element and magnetic memory device Non-volatile semiconductor memory device and semiconductor disk device Multi-ROM writer and control method thereof Redundancy method capable of disabling replacing redundant memory cells that are defective Electronic memory circuit and related manufacturing method Data transfer circuit Single-Port multi-bank memory system having read and write buffers and method of operating same Semiconductor device Semiconductor memory device Light receiving and emitting compound element and optical pick-up device using the same Dubbing apparatus and dubbing method Information recording disc and information reproducing system Method for determining optimum recording power of optical disk Optical system for optical disc drive Information recording/reproducing apparatus and method and information recording medium Variable optical element, a pickup apparatus having the variable optical element, and an information Management method for maintaining communications options within a private communications network Radio communication apparatus and method Method and apparatus for adjacent service area handoff in communication systems Control signal transmission timing control in radio communication system Communication network IP Communication network system Call queuing service termination Datagram relaying apparatus with load distributing function Interleaved processing system for processing frames within a network router Multi-layer class identifying communication apparatus with priority control Enqueuing apparatus for asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) virtual circuit merging Packet switch device and scheduling control method Input buffer type packet switching equipment Add/drop cross connection apparatus for synchronous digital hierarchy Packet receiving method on a network with parallel and multiplexing capability Address management apparatus and address management method Method and apparatus for converting data streams Method and a device for determining packet transmission priority between a plurality of data streams Method for nondestructive/noncontact microwave detection of electrical and magnetic property discont High data CDMA wireless comminication system using variable sized channel codes Rapid acquisition dispersive channel receiver integrated circuit Apparatus and method for coding moving picture Device and method for decoding video signal Method and apparatus for reducing power requirements in a multi gigabit parallel to serial converter Block detection method for a channel subjected to fading Method and device for processing signals of a digital transmission system Method for generating a base band signal representative of the transmitted radiofrequency power, cor Digital PLL-based data detector for recorded data reproduction from storage medium Cladding for use in nuclear reactors having improved resistance to stress corrosion cracking and cor X-ray CT imaging method, subject center position detection method, and X-ray CT apparatus Method of driving X-ray imaging device X-ray tube Angiography/CT method and apparatus Point-of-presence call management center Loudness volume control system Parametric audio system Biometric combination lock Board-supporting inspecting method Coder, coding method, program, and image forming apparatus for improving image data compression rati Method of and apparatus for calculating binary-coding thershold value Apparatus and method for controlling image quality reduction of image information Image processing method and image processing apparatus Wheel bearing unit Traveling wave optical modulators Optical connector ferrule, mold therefor, method of manufacturing optical connector ferrule, and met Fiber optic cable with profiled group of optical fibers Apparatus and method of compensating for wavelength dispersion of optical transmission line